P. Okafor, U. Ekpe, U. J. Ibok, B. Ekpo, E. Ebenso, C. Obadimu
The atmospheric corrosion of Calabar, Cross River State environment has been investigated for 12 months using weight loss technique. The extent of pollution of the environment was also determined via measurements of the precipitation and air quality parameters. Apart from the suspended particulate matter (SPM) (113-630 μg/m3) and NO2 (> 0.06 ppm) values, other measured atmospheric parameters (CO 5.0, conductivity KEYWORDS: Mild steel, Atmospheric corrosion, Calabar, Nigeria
{"title":"ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION OF MILD STEEL IN THE NIGER DELTA REGION OF NIGERIA. PART 1: CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CALABAR, CROSS RIVER STATE ENVIRONMENT","authors":"P. Okafor, U. Ekpe, U. J. Ibok, B. Ekpo, E. Ebenso, C. Obadimu","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V8I1.50819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V8I1.50819","url":null,"abstract":"The atmospheric corrosion of Calabar, Cross River State environment has been investigated for 12 months using weight loss technique. The extent of pollution of the environment was also determined via measurements of the precipitation and air quality parameters. Apart from the suspended particulate matter (SPM) (113-630 μg/m3) and NO2 (> 0.06 ppm) values, other measured atmospheric parameters (CO 5.0, conductivity KEYWORDS: Mild steel, Atmospheric corrosion, Calabar, Nigeria","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"9-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74706742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water quality of River Ravi, a tributary of Indus River System was evaluated by Water Quality Index (WQI) technique. A water quality index provides a single number that expresses overall water quality at a certain location and time based on several water quality parameters. The objective of an index is to turn complex water quality data into information that is understandable and useable by the public. Eight most important parameters such as pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, calcium(Ca), magnesium (Mg), total alkalinity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and electrical conductivity (EC) were taken for the calculation of WQI. The WQI values for the River Ravi ranged from 54.8 to 97.88. The values of WQI showed that the water was free of any impurities at the sampling site except for 2-3 months where its values were less than 70. Whenever there are human activities e.g., dam operations, water gets polluted to some extent, so the value of WQI decreases. It was found that the parameter which is required in least amount contributes a high statistical value to the index. It is concluded that WQI can be used as a tool in comparing the water quality of different sources. It gives the public a general idea of the possible problems with water in a particular region. The indices are among the most effective ways to communicate the information on water quality trends to the public or to the policy makers and water quality management. KEYWORDS: WQI, River Ravi, Madhopur, India
{"title":"Water quality index for assessment of water quality of river ravi at Madhopur (India)","authors":"Ashwani Kumar, A. Dua","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V8I1.50824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V8I1.50824","url":null,"abstract":"Water quality of River Ravi, a tributary of Indus River System was evaluated by Water Quality Index (WQI) technique. A water quality index provides a single number that expresses overall water quality at a certain location and time based on several water quality parameters. The objective of an index is to turn complex water quality data into information that is understandable and useable by the public. Eight most important parameters such as pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, calcium(Ca), magnesium (Mg), total alkalinity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and electrical conductivity (EC) were taken for the calculation of WQI. The WQI values for the River Ravi ranged from 54.8 to 97.88. The values of WQI showed that the water was free of any impurities at the sampling site except for 2-3 months where its values were less than 70. Whenever there are human activities e.g., dam operations, water gets polluted to some extent, so the value of WQI decreases. It was found that the parameter which is required in least amount contributes a high statistical value to the index. It is concluded that WQI can be used as a tool in comparing the water quality of different sources. It gives the public a general idea of the possible problems with water in a particular region. The indices are among the most effective ways to communicate the information on water quality trends to the public or to the policy makers and water quality management. KEYWORDS: WQI, River Ravi, Madhopur, India","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"49-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83127171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. F. Nkwatoh, V. Manga, G. Yinda, S. M. Iyasa, F. Nkwatoh
The study focused on the assessment of household energy types, sources, uses and their implications on sustainable forest management in the Buea Municipality of the South West Region of Cameroon. The study was carried out in the months of May- September 2005 and November-April 2006. The study made use of the random sampling technique for the administration of questionnaires. Along side the administration of the questionnaire, some selected Participatory rural Appraisal (PRA) tools were employed. Results revealed that, Fuel wood (FW), Kerosene (K), Sawdust (SD), Cooking gas (CG), Charcoal (CH), Rubber (RB), Electricity (EL), were the main energy types/sources identified in the Buea Municipality. Saw dust and Fuel wood were found to be the most frequently consumed energy type/source in the Buea Municipality with a resultant effect on deforestation. On an aggregate weighting, the area was found to consume a total of about 253m3 of FW, 744Litres of K, 14602Kg of SD, 6360Litres of CG, 20625Kg of CH, 3861g of RB, and 40,299KW of EL in a month. Monthly total household expenditure on the various energy types/sources for the study area was evaluated at about 10496640 FRS CFA (US$ 20993). The quantity supplied and consumed of the identified energy types/sources were observed to be adversely affected by income levels of consumers, market prices for these energy types/sources, seasons and the disappearing forest. KEYWORDS: Energy, Types, Sources, Household, Consumption.
{"title":"An assessment of household energy types, sources, uses and its implication on sustainable forest management, in the Buea municipality of the south west region of Cameroon","authors":"A. F. Nkwatoh, V. Manga, G. Yinda, S. M. Iyasa, F. Nkwatoh","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V8I1.50825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V8I1.50825","url":null,"abstract":"The study focused on the assessment of household energy types, sources, uses and their implications on sustainable forest management in the Buea Municipality of the South West Region of Cameroon. The study was carried out in the months of May- September 2005 and November-April 2006. The study made use of the random sampling technique for the administration of questionnaires. Along side the administration of the questionnaire, some selected Participatory rural Appraisal (PRA) tools were employed. Results revealed that, Fuel wood (FW), Kerosene (K), Sawdust (SD), Cooking gas (CG), Charcoal (CH), Rubber (RB), Electricity (EL), were the main energy types/sources identified in the Buea Municipality. Saw dust and Fuel wood were found to be the most frequently consumed energy type/source in the Buea Municipality with a resultant effect on deforestation. On an aggregate weighting, the area was found to consume a total of about 253m3 of FW, 744Litres of K, 14602Kg of SD, 6360Litres of CG, 20625Kg of CH, 3861g of RB, and 40,299KW of EL in a month. Monthly total household expenditure on the various energy types/sources for the study area was evaluated at about 10496640 FRS CFA (US$ 20993). The quantity supplied and consumed of the identified energy types/sources were observed to be adversely affected by income levels of consumers, market prices for these energy types/sources, seasons and the disappearing forest. KEYWORDS: Energy, Types, Sources, Household, Consumption.","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"59-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91518439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Okonwu, J. Amakiri, M. Etukudo, S. Osim, A. J. Mofunanya
Multiple linear regression models were developed to estimate the monthly daily sunshine hours using four parameters during a period of eleven years (1997 to 2007) for Warri, Nigeria (Latitude of 5o 34’ 21.0’’); the parameters include, Relative Humidity, Maximum and Minimum Temperature, Rainfall and Wind Speed. The result of the correlations showed that four Variable correlations with the highest value of correlation coefficient R gives the best result when considering the error term Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The correlation is given as S = - 22.424 + 0.272RH + 1.388T – 9.791RF – 0.623W Where RH is the Relative Humidity, T is the difference of the Maximum and Minimum Temperature, RF is the average rainfall and W is the Wind Speed. The developed correlation can be used for estimating Sunshine hours for Warri and other locations with similar climatic conditions.
{"title":"Estimation of global solar radiation from sunshine hours for Warri, Nigeria","authors":"K. Okonwu, J. Amakiri, M. Etukudo, S. Osim, A. J. Mofunanya","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V9I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V9I1","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple linear regression models were developed to estimate the monthly daily sunshine hours using four parameters during a period of eleven years (1997 to 2007) for Warri, Nigeria (Latitude of 5o 34’ 21.0’’); the parameters include, Relative Humidity, Maximum and Minimum Temperature, Rainfall and Wind Speed. The result of the correlations showed that four Variable correlations with the highest value of correlation coefficient R gives the best result when considering the error term Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The correlation is given as S = - 22.424 + 0.272RH + 1.388T – 9.791RF – 0.623W Where RH is the Relative Humidity, T is the difference of the Maximum and Minimum Temperature, RF is the average rainfall and W is the Wind Speed. The developed correlation can be used for estimating Sunshine hours for Warri and other locations with similar climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"51-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75649134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dose-related decreases in activities of liver and serum amino-tranferases and increase in RNA concentrations following treatment of guinea-pigs with bonny light crude oil","authors":"I. F. Oruambo, L. Idabor, S. Kachikwu","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V7I1.2504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V7I1.2504","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80695856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing the temporal and spatial variability in stream flow in Aya river system of the Cross River Basin, Nigeria","authors":"B. Utang, E. Andrew-Essien, O. Akintoye, Ij Upla","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V7I1.2505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V7I1.2505","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80043685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bacteriological and physico-chemical qualities of ground water in Makurdi metropolis","authors":"I. Agbede, G. Akpen","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V7I1.2508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V7I1.2508","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74479073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of gas flaring on galvanize iron roofs in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria","authors":"I. Ekpoh, A. Obia","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V7I1.2509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V7I1.2509","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"344 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91458225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Community based intervention as a strategy to combat pipeline vandalization in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria","authors":"A. Rim-Rukeh, Go Ikhifa, Io Imide, D. Uduh","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V7I1.2507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V7I1.2507","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75997511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The management of industrial glass waste and its impact on the Nigeria environment","authors":"S. Malu, O. R. Ogri, E. Tawo, B. Ita","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V7I1.2506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V7I1.2506","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80437664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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