Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duac038
C. Lindell
I am grateful to those of you who found time to review manuscripts for Ornithological Applications in 2022. Even as the pandemic ebbed, we all had numerous challenges and demands on our time yet we were still able to publish our journal and contribute to society’s knowledge about how to conserve and manage birds. A rigorous and fair peer review process anchors our success, our scientific integrity, and our ability to inform one of the key challenges of our era, the loss of biodiversity. For volume 124, the list of reviewers includes 142 generous colleagues. I am especially grateful to individuals identified with asterisks; they reviewed two, or even three manuscripts. On behalf of Ornithological Applications, I thank all of them for their timely and conscientious work. Managing reviewers is mostly the job of our dedicated associate editors, whose names appear on the journal’s masthead. They too, along with our senior editors, the In Memoriam and Book Review editors, and the tireless professional staff at the AOS Publications Office, dealt with personal and professional challenges related to the pandemic but still managed to perform the work for the journal we collectively produce. Many and sincere thanks to all.
{"title":"Thank you to the reviewers of the 2022 Ornithological Applications, volume 124","authors":"C. Lindell","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duac038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duac038","url":null,"abstract":"I am grateful to those of you who found time to review manuscripts for Ornithological Applications in 2022. Even as the pandemic ebbed, we all had numerous challenges and demands on our time yet we were still able to publish our journal and contribute to society’s knowledge about how to conserve and manage birds. A rigorous and fair peer review process anchors our success, our scientific integrity, and our ability to inform one of the key challenges of our era, the loss of biodiversity. For volume 124, the list of reviewers includes 142 generous colleagues. I am especially grateful to individuals identified with asterisks; they reviewed two, or even three manuscripts. On behalf of Ornithological Applications, I thank all of them for their timely and conscientious work. Managing reviewers is mostly the job of our dedicated associate editors, whose names appear on the journal’s masthead. They too, along with our senior editors, the In Memoriam and Book Review editors, and the tireless professional staff at the AOS Publications Office, dealt with personal and professional challenges related to the pandemic but still managed to perform the work for the journal we collectively produce. Many and sincere thanks to all.","PeriodicalId":125764,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Applications","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131021702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duac042
Yuanxing Ye (叶元兴), Simone Santoro, Zitan Song (宋紫檀), Canshi Hu (胡灿实), Zhi Zhang (张智), Baoping Qing (庆保平), Chao Wang (王超), Changqing Ding (丁长青)
ABSTRACT Although dispersal is a key driver of population dynamics and species distributions, we still know little about how it affects the dynamics of endangered and restricted-range species. Density-dependent effects on dispersal in particular may be critical for the range expansion of recovering populations. After 1981, when the last 7 wild individuals of Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) were discovered in China, the species remained confined to a single location (“original nesting area”) until 2000 (<24 breeding pairs). Then, the breeding population began a significant spatial and numerical expansion toward new breeding sites (“secondary nesting areas”). Our analyses of long-term (1993–2017) individual resighting data (n = 193) found that natal dispersal was common (∼77.2%), whereas breeding dispersal was rare (∼2.1%). Breeding density was negatively related to productivity, and natal dispersal was more likely toward low-density areas. The Weibull distribution provided the best fit to the observed dispersal distances, indicating the presence of long-distance natal dispersers. Although we cannot rule out the effect of dispersal mechanisms inherent in the species regardless of density, our findings suggest that the probability of natal dispersal is density-dependent, implying a role for intraspecific competition in the Crested Ibis spreading in the region. We expect the Crested Ibis to spread throughout the region if conservation programs can identify and protect potential reintroduction areas at a large spatial scale to allow dispersing Crested Ibis to settle into new and low-density breeding areas. LAY SUMMARY Dispersal is a key driver of population dynamics and species distribution. Studying dispersal is challenging because it requires long-term individual-based data on a large spatial scale. We used long-term data (1993–2017) from a population of the endangered Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) in Central China to investigate the role of density in productivity and dispersal. Breeding density was negatively related to productivity, and natal dispersal was more likely toward low-density areas. Some individuals dispersed over long distances, and those born farther away from the original nesting area were more likely to engage in natal dispersal. Our findings suggest that intraspecific competition may play an important role in the population dynamics and expanding species range. Future conservation programs should identify and protect potential reintroduction areas at a large spatial scale to allow the settlement of dispersing Crested Ibis into new and low-density breeding areas. 摘要： 扩散是影响种群动态和空间分布的关键驱动因素之一，然而我们对狭域分布濒危物种的扩散机制了解甚少。密度对 扩散的制约效应，可能是限制濒危物种种群分布范围扩大的重要因素。自1981年7只朱鹮(Nipponia nippon)被重新发 现以来，其野生种群一直分布在单一的繁殖巢区（即原始巢区，original nesting area）。然而在2000年以后，该种群繁 殖巢的空间分布范围和总体数量都出现明显的扩张现象，逐渐扩散到新的繁殖巢区（即二级巢区，secondary nesting areas）。本研究分析了1993-2017年长期的环志再现数据（n = 193），结果表明，出生扩散在朱鹮野生种群中较为普遍 （约占77.2%），繁殖扩散发生频次较低（约占2.1%）；繁殖密度与出飞雏鸟数量负相关，新生个体倾向于扩散至低密 度巢区；朱鹮出生
{"title":"Dispersal patterns of the endangered Crested Ibis suggest high breeding densities drive natal dispersal","authors":"Yuanxing Ye (叶元兴), Simone Santoro, Zitan Song (宋紫檀), Canshi Hu (胡灿实), Zhi Zhang (张智), Baoping Qing (庆保平), Chao Wang (王超), Changqing Ding (丁长青)","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duac042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duac042","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although dispersal is a key driver of population dynamics and species distributions, we still know little about how it affects the dynamics of endangered and restricted-range species. Density-dependent effects on dispersal in particular may be critical for the range expansion of recovering populations. After 1981, when the last 7 wild individuals of Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) were discovered in China, the species remained confined to a single location (“original nesting area”) until 2000 (<24 breeding pairs). Then, the breeding population began a significant spatial and numerical expansion toward new breeding sites (“secondary nesting areas”). Our analyses of long-term (1993–2017) individual resighting data (n = 193) found that natal dispersal was common (∼77.2%), whereas breeding dispersal was rare (∼2.1%). Breeding density was negatively related to productivity, and natal dispersal was more likely toward low-density areas. The Weibull distribution provided the best fit to the observed dispersal distances, indicating the presence of long-distance natal dispersers. Although we cannot rule out the effect of dispersal mechanisms inherent in the species regardless of density, our findings suggest that the probability of natal dispersal is density-dependent, implying a role for intraspecific competition in the Crested Ibis spreading in the region. We expect the Crested Ibis to spread throughout the region if conservation programs can identify and protect potential reintroduction areas at a large spatial scale to allow dispersing Crested Ibis to settle into new and low-density breeding areas. LAY SUMMARY Dispersal is a key driver of population dynamics and species distribution. Studying dispersal is challenging because it requires long-term individual-based data on a large spatial scale. We used long-term data (1993–2017) from a population of the endangered Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) in Central China to investigate the role of density in productivity and dispersal. Breeding density was negatively related to productivity, and natal dispersal was more likely toward low-density areas. Some individuals dispersed over long distances, and those born farther away from the original nesting area were more likely to engage in natal dispersal. Our findings suggest that intraspecific competition may play an important role in the population dynamics and expanding species range. Future conservation programs should identify and protect potential reintroduction areas at a large spatial scale to allow the settlement of dispersing Crested Ibis into new and low-density breeding areas. 摘要： 扩散是影响种群动态和空间分布的关键驱动因素之一，然而我们对狭域分布濒危物种的扩散机制了解甚少。密度对 扩散的制约效应，可能是限制濒危物种种群分布范围扩大的重要因素。自1981年7只朱鹮(Nipponia nippon)被重新发 现以来，其野生种群一直分布在单一的繁殖巢区（即原始巢区，original nesting area）。然而在2000年以后，该种群繁 殖巢的空间分布范围和总体数量都出现明显的扩张现象，逐渐扩散到新的繁殖巢区（即二级巢区，secondary nesting areas）。本研究分析了1993-2017年长期的环志再现数据（n = 193），结果表明，出生扩散在朱鹮野生种群中较为普遍 （约占77.2%），繁殖扩散发生频次较低（约占2.1%）；繁殖密度与出飞雏鸟数量负相关，新生个体倾向于扩散至低密 度巢区；朱鹮出生","PeriodicalId":125764,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Applications","volume":"496 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124049026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-27DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duac041
Claire Lignac, R. Mumme
ABSTRACT Brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) often has pronounced negative effects on host nests. However, the extent to which parasitism reduces annual reproduction and presents conservation challenges for host species is unclear. We address this issue with data from a color-banded population of Hooded Warblers (Setophaga citrina) in Pennsylvania, where Hooded Warblers have increased dramatically despite frequent nest parasitism. Our analysis is based on both an extensive dataset (8 years, 847 nests) on the per-nest impacts of cowbird parasitism and female-based stochastic simulations that accurately reflect the reproductive biology and parasitism rate (30%) of our study population. Cowbird parasitism has multiple negative consequences for Hooded Warbler nests, including (1) reduced host clutch size; (2) increased nest abandonment; (3) increased risk of complete failure due to predation; and (4) in surviving nests increased egg loss, hatching failure, and nestling mortality. We estimate that parasitism reduces success of Hooded Warbler nests 68%, from 1.29 to 0.41 fledglings per nest. For females and populations, however, the consequences of nest parasitism are considerably less extreme; female annual fecundity decreases 25% for each nesting attempt parasitized, and population-level fecundity drops 5.6% for each 10% increase in the frequency of parasitism. These more modest impacts are attributable to (1) steep declines in rates of cowbird parasitism as the nesting season progresses, (2) rapid renesting following abandonment or failure of parasitized nests, and (3) regular double brooding, with second broods initiated in late June and July when the incidence of cowbird parasitism is low. Our results help resolve the paradox of how cowbird parasitism can have both severe consequences for individual host nests but more modest and sustainable conservation impacts on the seasonal fecundity of females and populations. They further underscore the importance of determining population-level effects of brood parasites before investing in costly management efforts. LAY SUMMARY Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) are brood parasites that lay their eggs in the nests of other species of songbirds. The extent to which cowbird parasitism depresses host reproduction and presents conservation challenges is an open question. We investigated this issue in Hooded Warblers (Setophaga citrina), a species undergoing long-term population expansion despite frequent nest parasitism. Cowbird parasitism has numerous negative consequences for Hooded Warbler nests, and parasitized nests produce 68% fewer warbler fledglings than do non-parasitized nests. For populations, however, the impact of parasitism is more modest; each 10% increase in the frequency of parasitism reduces annual offspring production by only 5.6%, as warblers regularly renest or raise a second brood late in the nesting season, when the incidence of cowbird parasitism is low. Our f
褐头牛头鸟(Molothrus ater)的幼虫寄生对寄主巢有明显的负面影响。然而，寄生在多大程度上减少了每年的繁殖，并对宿主物种的保护提出了挑战，这一点尚不清楚。我们用来自宾夕法尼亚州一个带色斑纹的连帽林莺(Setophaga citrina)种群的数据来解决这个问题，尽管频繁的巢寄生，但那里的连帽林莺数量急剧增加。我们的分析是基于广泛的数据集(8年，847个巢)对每个巢的影响，以及基于雌性的随机模拟，准确反映了我们研究种群的生殖生物学和寄生率(30%)。牛鹂寄生对莺巢有多重负面影响，包括:(1)减少寄主窝卵数量;(2)弃巢增加;(3)因被捕食而完全失败的风险增加;(4)在存活的巢中，蛋丢失、孵化失败和雏鸟死亡率增加。我们估计，寄生会使莺巢的成功率降低68%，从每巢1.29只降至0.41只。然而，对雌性和种群来说，巢寄生的后果却没有那么极端;每被寄生一次，雌蜂的年繁殖力下降25%;每被寄生频率增加10%，种群水平的繁殖力下降5.6%。这些较小的影响是由于:(1)随着筑巢季节的进展，牛椋鸟的寄生率急剧下降;(2)被寄生的巢被遗弃或失败后的快速抵抗;(3)有规律的双孵，第二次产卵在6月下旬和7月开始，此时牛椋鸟的寄生率较低。我们的研究结果有助于解决牛鹂寄生如何对个体寄主巢穴产生严重后果，但对雌性和种群的季节性繁殖力产生更温和和可持续的保护影响的悖论。它们进一步强调了在投资于昂贵的管理工作之前确定幼虫寄生虫种群水平影响的重要性。褐头牛鹂(Molothrus ater)是一种幼虫寄生虫，它们在其他种类的鸣禽的巢中产卵。牛鹂寄生在多大程度上抑制了寄主的繁殖，并提出了保护挑战，这是一个悬而未决的问题。我们调查了黄冠林莺(Setophaga citrina)的这一问题，黄冠林莺虽然经常寄生于巢内，但种群数量仍在长期扩张。牛鹂寄生对莺巢有许多负面影响，被寄生的巢比未被寄生的巢产生的莺幼鸟少68%。然而，对种群而言，寄生的影响较为温和;每增加10%的寄生频率，每年的后代产量只会减少5.6%，因为莺通常在筑巢季节的晚些时候筑巢或养育第二窝，而此时牛鹂寄生的发生率较低。我们的研究结果表明，即使牛鹂寄生现象频繁发生，并对单个巢穴造成严重后果，宿主种群仍然可以茁壮成长。在一份菜单后，寄生虫病对寄生虫的负面影响会影响到寄生虫对寄生虫的影响。在禁运期间，没有estest<s:1> claro hasta ququestel寄生虫病减少la reproducción每年提供desafíos de conservación para as species hospederas。在美国宾夕法尼亚州，发现了一种名为“bordamos este problema condatos de una población de Setophaga citrina marcada con bandas de color en pennsylvania”的寄生虫病。Nuestro análisis se basa tanto en un extenso conjunto de datos (8 años, 847 nidos) sobre impactos por nido del parasitismo de M. ater, como en simulaciones estocásticas basadas en hembras que reflejan con precisión la biología reproductiva y la tasa de parasitismo (30%) de nuestra población de estudio。(1) reducción del tamaño de la nidada del hospedero;(2)市长摈弃;(3)市长riesgo de fracaso total debido a la depredación;(4)在短时间内，在短时间内，在短时间内，在短时间内，在短时间内，在短时间内，在短时间内，在短时间内，在短时间内，在短时间内，在短时间内，在短时间内，在短时间内，在短时间内，在短时间内，在短时间内，在短时间内，在短时间内，在短时间内，在短时间内，在短时间内。估算结果表明，该方法可使柑桔蚜的致病性降低68%，对1、29和0、41个volantones的致病性有显著影响。在禁运中，para as hembras by las posblaciones, las consecucias del parasitissmo de nidada在相当大的程度上是极端的;幼虫幼虫的年寄生率为25%，幼虫幼虫的年寄生率为6%，幼虫的年寄生率为10%，幼虫的年寄生率为10%。Estos impactos más modelstos son attribubles a (1) futertes descensos en las tasas de parasitismo de M。
{"title":"Brood parasitism of Hooded Warblers by Brown-headed Cowbirds: Severe impact on individual nests but modest consequences for seasonal fecundity and conservation","authors":"Claire Lignac, R. Mumme","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duac041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duac041","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) often has pronounced negative effects on host nests. However, the extent to which parasitism reduces annual reproduction and presents conservation challenges for host species is unclear. We address this issue with data from a color-banded population of Hooded Warblers (Setophaga citrina) in Pennsylvania, where Hooded Warblers have increased dramatically despite frequent nest parasitism. Our analysis is based on both an extensive dataset (8 years, 847 nests) on the per-nest impacts of cowbird parasitism and female-based stochastic simulations that accurately reflect the reproductive biology and parasitism rate (30%) of our study population. Cowbird parasitism has multiple negative consequences for Hooded Warbler nests, including (1) reduced host clutch size; (2) increased nest abandonment; (3) increased risk of complete failure due to predation; and (4) in surviving nests increased egg loss, hatching failure, and nestling mortality. We estimate that parasitism reduces success of Hooded Warbler nests 68%, from 1.29 to 0.41 fledglings per nest. For females and populations, however, the consequences of nest parasitism are considerably less extreme; female annual fecundity decreases 25% for each nesting attempt parasitized, and population-level fecundity drops 5.6% for each 10% increase in the frequency of parasitism. These more modest impacts are attributable to (1) steep declines in rates of cowbird parasitism as the nesting season progresses, (2) rapid renesting following abandonment or failure of parasitized nests, and (3) regular double brooding, with second broods initiated in late June and July when the incidence of cowbird parasitism is low. Our results help resolve the paradox of how cowbird parasitism can have both severe consequences for individual host nests but more modest and sustainable conservation impacts on the seasonal fecundity of females and populations. They further underscore the importance of determining population-level effects of brood parasites before investing in costly management efforts. LAY SUMMARY Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) are brood parasites that lay their eggs in the nests of other species of songbirds. The extent to which cowbird parasitism depresses host reproduction and presents conservation challenges is an open question. We investigated this issue in Hooded Warblers (Setophaga citrina), a species undergoing long-term population expansion despite frequent nest parasitism. Cowbird parasitism has numerous negative consequences for Hooded Warbler nests, and parasitized nests produce 68% fewer warbler fledglings than do non-parasitized nests. For populations, however, the impact of parasitism is more modest; each 10% increase in the frequency of parasitism reduces annual offspring production by only 5.6%, as warblers regularly renest or raise a second brood late in the nesting season, when the incidence of cowbird parasitism is low. Our f","PeriodicalId":125764,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Applications","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125615319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-27DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duac040
Martha W Zillig, F. Fogarty, E. Fleishman
ABSTRACT The majority of management plans for birds on public lands across the western United States do not recognize the geographic variation in a given species' habitat. We examined associations of plant species and functional groups with occupancy of 19 bird species across 5 biogeographic subregions of the Great Basin (central, western, Sierra Nevada, northern, and eastern), USA. We hypothesized that occupancy was associated with floristics (individual plant species) within subregions, and with physiognomy (characterized by functional groups) across the Great Basin. We used two methods to evaluate bird-vegetation associations within and across subregions. First, we examined which covariates of floristics and physiognomy were significantly associated with occupancy in each subregion. Second, for each bird species, we compared covariate estimates between each of the 10 pairs of subregions. We classified the effects of covariates on occupancy in 2 subregions as significantly different if <5% of their posterior distributions overlapped. The plant species and functional groups that were associated significantly with occupancy varied considerably among subregions. Twenty-four percent of bird-plant associations that were significant at the Great Basin level were not significant in any subregion. Associations between occupancy and floristics differed the most between the Sierra Nevada and central or western subregions, and the least between the eastern and western subregions. Associations between occupancy and physiognomy differed the most between the Sierra Nevada and western and central subregions, and the least between the northern and western subregions. These differences and similarities may reflect variations in climate or bird communities or differences in sampling effort. In addition, the number and strength of associations between occupancy and floristic or physiognomic covariates varied substantially among bird species and subregions. We recommend that the management of birds across the Great Basin or other large ecoregions evaluate and account for geographic variation in environmental attributes associated with occupancy, and not assume bird-plant relations are consistent across the Great Basin. LAY SUMMARY The majority of management plans for birds on extensive public lands across the western United States do not recognize geographic variation in a given species' habitat. Local identities of plant species (floristics) and vegetation structure (physiognomy) can affect availability of nesting sites, food, shelter, and protection from predators. We examined associations of floristics and physiognomy with occupancy of 19 species of birds across 5 biologically distinct subregions of the Great Basin (central, western, Sierra Nevada, northern, and eastern), USA. We hypothesized that associations between birds and floristics varied among subregions, whereas associations between birds and physiognomy were consistent. Associations between bird occup
{"title":"Bird associations with floristics and physiognomy differ across five biogeographic subregions of the Great Basin, USA","authors":"Martha W Zillig, F. Fogarty, E. Fleishman","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duac040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duac040","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The majority of management plans for birds on public lands across the western United States do not recognize the geographic variation in a given species' habitat. We examined associations of plant species and functional groups with occupancy of 19 bird species across 5 biogeographic subregions of the Great Basin (central, western, Sierra Nevada, northern, and eastern), USA. We hypothesized that occupancy was associated with floristics (individual plant species) within subregions, and with physiognomy (characterized by functional groups) across the Great Basin. We used two methods to evaluate bird-vegetation associations within and across subregions. First, we examined which covariates of floristics and physiognomy were significantly associated with occupancy in each subregion. Second, for each bird species, we compared covariate estimates between each of the 10 pairs of subregions. We classified the effects of covariates on occupancy in 2 subregions as significantly different if <5% of their posterior distributions overlapped. The plant species and functional groups that were associated significantly with occupancy varied considerably among subregions. Twenty-four percent of bird-plant associations that were significant at the Great Basin level were not significant in any subregion. Associations between occupancy and floristics differed the most between the Sierra Nevada and central or western subregions, and the least between the eastern and western subregions. Associations between occupancy and physiognomy differed the most between the Sierra Nevada and western and central subregions, and the least between the northern and western subregions. These differences and similarities may reflect variations in climate or bird communities or differences in sampling effort. In addition, the number and strength of associations between occupancy and floristic or physiognomic covariates varied substantially among bird species and subregions. We recommend that the management of birds across the Great Basin or other large ecoregions evaluate and account for geographic variation in environmental attributes associated with occupancy, and not assume bird-plant relations are consistent across the Great Basin. LAY SUMMARY The majority of management plans for birds on extensive public lands across the western United States do not recognize geographic variation in a given species' habitat. Local identities of plant species (floristics) and vegetation structure (physiognomy) can affect availability of nesting sites, food, shelter, and protection from predators. We examined associations of floristics and physiognomy with occupancy of 19 species of birds across 5 biologically distinct subregions of the Great Basin (central, western, Sierra Nevada, northern, and eastern), USA. We hypothesized that associations between birds and floristics varied among subregions, whereas associations between birds and physiognomy were consistent. Associations between bird occup","PeriodicalId":125764,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Applications","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113965916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-27DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duac034
R. Alvo
{"title":"Loon Lessons: Uncommon Encounters with the Great Northern Diver","authors":"R. Alvo","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duac034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duac034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":125764,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Applications","volume":"47 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134362317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duac039
Adrián Jauregui, E. Gonzalez, L. Segura
ABSTRACT Understanding factors affecting nest survival of woodpeckers in threatened landscapes is a key tool for land managers, particularly when conservation depends on public policies. However, information of Neotropical woodpeckers breeding in southern temperate forests is noticeably sparse despite the worrying conservation status of these ecosystems and woodpeckers' key role as cavity providers. Our objective was to assess the relationship between tree cavity features, vegetation structure, and landscape configuration on the nest survival of the Green-barred Woodpecker (Colaptes melanochloros) and the Campo Flicker (C. campestris). We monitored nests of these woodpeckers during 3 breeding seasons from 2015 to 2018 in a woodland of east-central Argentina threatened by selective tree logging and soil material extraction. We recorded features that presumably influence nest survival at a micro-scale (cavity, cavity-tree features, and foliage cover around the cavity) and a macro-scale (forest cover and shape index within a 500-m circle around the nest). We did not find support for a relationship between daily nest survival rates (DSR) and cavity features, vegetation structure, or landscape configuration. However, new cavities were more successful than reused ones for the Green-barred Woodpecker. We also found a surprisingly high rate (∼33% of nest failures) of nest abandonment for both species. Abandonment may be a factor regulating this population and causes of abandonment warrants further investigation. Given the importance of new cavities to the success of Green-barred Woodpeckers, our results indicate the preservation of medium-size trees (20 cm < diameter at breast height [DBH] < 50 cm) with wood softened by degradation processes (preferred by the species to excavate cavities) would facilitate persistence both of this woodpecker and the cavity nesting community. Effective audit of soil material extraction and controlled selective timber logging practices (including preservation of mature trees) in compliance with existing regulations could contribute to this type of habitat maintenance. LAY SUMMARY Habitat characteristics strongly affect bird nest survival and evaluating such relationships provides crucial information for management policies, especially in landscapes of conservation concern. As cavity excavators, the Green-barred Woodpecker and the Campo Flicker are keystone species in the threatened woodlands of east-central Argentina but whether their nest survival is affected by vegetation and land cover features remains unknown. We monitored nests and recorded habitat features at multiple spatial scales between 2015 and 2018 to assess the relationships between environment characteristics and nest survival. Nest success was greater in new, compared to reused, for the Green-barred Woodpecker, but not for the Campo Flicker, and no other variables were supported for these species' nest success. Preserving trees with the adequate conditions fo
了解影响受威胁景观中啄木鸟巢穴生存的因素是土地管理者的关键工具，特别是当保护依赖于公共政策时。然而，尽管南温带森林生态系统的保护状况和啄木鸟作为洞穴提供者的关键作用令人担忧，但关于新热带啄木鸟在南温带森林繁殖的信息却明显稀少。我们的目的是评估树洞特征、植被结构和景观配置对绿斑啄木鸟(Colaptes melanochloros)和Campo Flicker (C. campestris)巢存活的关系。我们在2015 - 2018年的三个繁殖季节监测了这些啄木鸟在阿根廷中东部林地的巢穴，这些林地受到选择性砍伐和土壤物质提取的威胁。我们在微观尺度上记录了可能影响巢生存的特征(洞、洞树特征和洞周围的树叶覆盖)和宏观尺度上记录了可能影响巢生存的特征(巢周围500米范围内的森林覆盖和形状指数)。我们没有发现巢日存活率(DSR)与洞穴特征、植被结构或景观配置之间的关系。然而，对于绿条纹啄木鸟来说，新洞比重复使用的洞更成功。我们还发现，这两个物种的弃巢率惊人地高(约33%的巢失败)。遗弃可能是调节其数量的一个因素，遗弃的原因值得进一步调查。考虑到新洞对绿斑啄木鸟成功的重要性，我们的研究结果表明，保存中等大小的树木(直径20厘米<胸高[DBH] < 50厘米)，其木材经过降解过程软化(物种更喜欢挖掘洞)，将有助于这种啄木鸟和洞巢群落的持续存在。根据现行条例对土壤材料提取和有控制的选择性木材采伐做法(包括保存成熟树木)进行有效审计，可有助于这种生境的维持。栖息地特征强烈地影响着鸟巢的生存，评估这种关系为管理政策提供了重要的信息，特别是在具有保护意义的景观中。作为挖洞者，绿条纹啄木鸟和Campo Flicker是阿根廷中东部受威胁林地的关键物种，但它们的巢穴生存是否受到植被和土地覆盖特征的影响尚不清楚。在2015年至2018年期间，我们在多个空间尺度上监测了巢穴并记录了栖息地特征，以评估环境特征与巢穴存活之间的关系。与重复使用的相比，绿条纹啄木鸟的筑巢成功率更高，但Campo Flicker没有，并且没有其他变量支持这些物种的筑巢成功率。保护树木，为绿斑啄木鸟挖掘洞穴提供足够的条件，将有助于啄木鸟的成功。RESUMEN Entender危险因素,afectan la supervivencia de nido de los carpinteros es una herramienta基本帕洛gestores▽环境,尤其是在栖息地amenazados cuya conservacion depende de las政治公开场合。自2009年起，中国的información新热带地区和reproducción新热带地区的农民和农村的农民、农村的农民和农村的农民、农村的农民和农村的农民、农村的农民和农村的农民、农村的农民和农村的农民、农村的农民和农村的农民、农村的农民和农村的农民、农村的农民和农村的农民、农村的农民和农村的农民、农村的农民和农村的农民、农村的农民和农村的农民、农村的农民和农村的农民、农村的农民和农村的农民。新的目标是对relación中心的研究结果进行评估，该中心的研究结果为características，该中心的研究结果为árbol-nido，该中心的研究结果为vegetación，该中心的研究结果为configuración，该中心的研究结果为configuración。在2015-2018年，阿根廷中部地区的森林监测数据显示，阿根廷中部地区的森林选择性监测数据为árboles和extracción。在微观层面上(características de la cavidad, del árbol-nido de de de de de calderado)和宏观层面(de bertura de calderado， índice de forma en, círculo de 500m de calderado, radio de calderado)进行流感预防登记。没有违反指示的情况下，relación监护监护中心(TSD)通过características de la cavidad, la la structura de la vegetación或la configuración del paisaje。在禁运期间，las cavidades nuevas fueron más重新利用的aquellas as para C.黑氯。Hubo - una tasa de abandonos sorpreentemente alta (~ 33% de los fracasos)没有确定的para - amas物种。Los abandonos (Los abandonos)被认为是一个重要的常规因素，可以通过以下方式访问población:Dada - la。 melanochloros我们的发现表明,保护树木的大小(直径20厘米<中等高度跨度[政治部]< 50 cm)用木头ablandada退化过程(最喜欢这个物种挖掘腔)将这个木匠,社会依然怀有腔。根据现有法规有效控制土壤材料的提取和有控制的选择性砍伐做法(包括保护成熟树木)可能有助于维持这类栖息地。
{"title":"Multi-scale nest survival analysis suggests new cavities improve nest success for the Green-barred Woodpecker, but not the Campo Flicker, in a threatened woodland of Argentina","authors":"Adrián Jauregui, E. Gonzalez, L. Segura","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duac039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duac039","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Understanding factors affecting nest survival of woodpeckers in threatened landscapes is a key tool for land managers, particularly when conservation depends on public policies. However, information of Neotropical woodpeckers breeding in southern temperate forests is noticeably sparse despite the worrying conservation status of these ecosystems and woodpeckers' key role as cavity providers. Our objective was to assess the relationship between tree cavity features, vegetation structure, and landscape configuration on the nest survival of the Green-barred Woodpecker (Colaptes melanochloros) and the Campo Flicker (C. campestris). We monitored nests of these woodpeckers during 3 breeding seasons from 2015 to 2018 in a woodland of east-central Argentina threatened by selective tree logging and soil material extraction. We recorded features that presumably influence nest survival at a micro-scale (cavity, cavity-tree features, and foliage cover around the cavity) and a macro-scale (forest cover and shape index within a 500-m circle around the nest). We did not find support for a relationship between daily nest survival rates (DSR) and cavity features, vegetation structure, or landscape configuration. However, new cavities were more successful than reused ones for the Green-barred Woodpecker. We also found a surprisingly high rate (∼33% of nest failures) of nest abandonment for both species. Abandonment may be a factor regulating this population and causes of abandonment warrants further investigation. Given the importance of new cavities to the success of Green-barred Woodpeckers, our results indicate the preservation of medium-size trees (20 cm < diameter at breast height [DBH] < 50 cm) with wood softened by degradation processes (preferred by the species to excavate cavities) would facilitate persistence both of this woodpecker and the cavity nesting community. Effective audit of soil material extraction and controlled selective timber logging practices (including preservation of mature trees) in compliance with existing regulations could contribute to this type of habitat maintenance. LAY SUMMARY Habitat characteristics strongly affect bird nest survival and evaluating such relationships provides crucial information for management policies, especially in landscapes of conservation concern. As cavity excavators, the Green-barred Woodpecker and the Campo Flicker are keystone species in the threatened woodlands of east-central Argentina but whether their nest survival is affected by vegetation and land cover features remains unknown. We monitored nests and recorded habitat features at multiple spatial scales between 2015 and 2018 to assess the relationships between environment characteristics and nest survival. Nest success was greater in new, compared to reused, for the Green-barred Woodpecker, but not for the Campo Flicker, and no other variables were supported for these species' nest success. Preserving trees with the adequate conditions fo","PeriodicalId":125764,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Applications","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132158818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duac037
J. Saracco, P. Pyle, Danielle R. Kaschube, Monica Kohler, Christine M. Godwin, K. Foster
ABSTRACT Habitat loss and disturbance from industrial resource development may be contributing to declines in boreal bird populations. We applied hierarchical multi-species models to data from 31 bird species at 38 Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) stations to assess 10-year (2011–2020) demographic trends and responses to energy sector disturbance (human footprint proportion) in the Athabasca oil sands region of Alberta, Canada. Adult captures, productivity, and residency probability all declined over the study period, and adult apparent survival probability also tended to decline. Consistent with the hypothesis that habitat loss may be driving declines, trends in adult captures, productivity, and survival were all more negative at stations with larger increases in disturbance over the study period. Species associated with early seral stages were more commonly captured at more disturbed stations, while species typical of mature forests were more commonly captured at less disturbed stations. Productivity was positively correlated with disturbance within 5-km of stations after controlling for disturbance within 1-km of stations, suggesting the importance of earlier successional habitat for post-fledging birds in the larger landscape. Adult apparent survival showed relatively little response to disturbance; stresses experienced beyond the breeding grounds likely play a larger role in influencing survival. Residency probability was negatively related to disturbance within 1-km scale of stations and could reflect processes affecting the ability of birds to establish or maintain territories in disturbed landscapes. We conclude that successional habitats that result from natural regeneration or restoration in disturbed areas, as well as decreased future footprint through recovery of mature forests and limiting of new disturbances, will both be important components of efforts to reverse population declines and maintain bird populations in the region. How to Cite Saracco, J. F., P. Pyle, D. R. Kaschube, M. Kohler, C. M. Godwin, and K. R. Foster (2022). Demographic declines over time and variable responses of breeding bird populations to human footprint in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada. Ornithological Applications 125:duac037. LAY SUMMARY Habitat loss and disturbance can affect the demography and trends of bird populations. We used avian monitoring data from 2011 to 2020 and anthropogenic disturbance data (human footprint) at two spatial scales (1-km and 5-km radius) from a network of bird-banding stations in the Athabasca oil sands region of Alberta, Canada, to assess trends in, and disturbance effects on, the abundance and demography of 31 breeding bird species. Abundance and demographic parameters declined, and trends in abundance, productivity, and adult apparent survival were all more negative at sites with increasing footprint; thus, decreasing future human footprint through habitat recovery in reclaimed industri
{"title":"Demographic declines over time and variable responses of breeding bird populations to human footprint in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada","authors":"J. Saracco, P. Pyle, Danielle R. Kaschube, Monica Kohler, Christine M. Godwin, K. Foster","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duac037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duac037","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Habitat loss and disturbance from industrial resource development may be contributing to declines in boreal bird populations. We applied hierarchical multi-species models to data from 31 bird species at 38 Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) stations to assess 10-year (2011–2020) demographic trends and responses to energy sector disturbance (human footprint proportion) in the Athabasca oil sands region of Alberta, Canada. Adult captures, productivity, and residency probability all declined over the study period, and adult apparent survival probability also tended to decline. Consistent with the hypothesis that habitat loss may be driving declines, trends in adult captures, productivity, and survival were all more negative at stations with larger increases in disturbance over the study period. Species associated with early seral stages were more commonly captured at more disturbed stations, while species typical of mature forests were more commonly captured at less disturbed stations. Productivity was positively correlated with disturbance within 5-km of stations after controlling for disturbance within 1-km of stations, suggesting the importance of earlier successional habitat for post-fledging birds in the larger landscape. Adult apparent survival showed relatively little response to disturbance; stresses experienced beyond the breeding grounds likely play a larger role in influencing survival. Residency probability was negatively related to disturbance within 1-km scale of stations and could reflect processes affecting the ability of birds to establish or maintain territories in disturbed landscapes. We conclude that successional habitats that result from natural regeneration or restoration in disturbed areas, as well as decreased future footprint through recovery of mature forests and limiting of new disturbances, will both be important components of efforts to reverse population declines and maintain bird populations in the region. How to Cite Saracco, J. F., P. Pyle, D. R. Kaschube, M. Kohler, C. M. Godwin, and K. R. Foster (2022). Demographic declines over time and variable responses of breeding bird populations to human footprint in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada. Ornithological Applications 125:duac037. LAY SUMMARY Habitat loss and disturbance can affect the demography and trends of bird populations. We used avian monitoring data from 2011 to 2020 and anthropogenic disturbance data (human footprint) at two spatial scales (1-km and 5-km radius) from a network of bird-banding stations in the Athabasca oil sands region of Alberta, Canada, to assess trends in, and disturbance effects on, the abundance and demography of 31 breeding bird species. Abundance and demographic parameters declined, and trends in abundance, productivity, and adult apparent survival were all more negative at sites with increasing footprint; thus, decreasing future human footprint through habitat recovery in reclaimed industri","PeriodicalId":125764,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120962595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duac035
C. Lindell, A. Dayer
ABSTRACT Private land management is an essential component of bird conservation. How private landowners manage their farms, rangelands, forests, and yards, influences the resources and hazards birds encounter, with associated impacts on bird abundance. We describe 6 principles, based on recent research, that conservation practitioners should incorporate into their bird conservation efforts with landowners: (1) use social and natural science and stakeholder input to decide how and where to work; (2) tailor strategies to local ecological and social conditions; (3) build relationships and support landowner interests; (4) reduce barriers to participation; (5) offer a menu of options to support landowner conservation behavior; and (6) promote persistence of landowner conservation behavior. These principles emphasize the importance of recognizing the considerations of landowners, customizing interventions to local conditions, and making interventions as easy to implement as possible. Developing relationships with landowners, along with a diverse menu of conservation interventions, takes time and effort but should improve both the uptake and persistence of conservation practices on private lands. LAY SUMMARY Slowing and potentially reversing bird declines requires that as many landowners as possible employ conservation-minded land management. We describe 6 principles that conservation practitioners should incorporate into their bird conservation efforts with landowners, based on recent research in both the social and natural sciences. The principles emphasize recognizing the interests of landowners, tailoring interventions to local conditions, and making interventions as easy to implement as possible. Greater integration of social and natural science knowledge in the planning and delivery of conservation programs with landowners should improve conservation outcomes although evaluation of such programs is needed. RESUMEN La gestión de tierras privadas es un componente esencial de la conservación de las aves. La forma en que los propietarios privados manejan sus haciendas, pastizales, bosques y jardines influye en los recursos y peligros que enfrentan las aves, con impactos asociados en la abundancia de aves. Describimos 6 principios, basados en investigaciones recientes, que los profesionales de la conservación deberían incorporar en sus esfuerzos de conservación de aves con los propietarios de tierras: (1) utilizar las ciencias sociales y naturales y los aportes de las partes interesadas para decidir cómo y dónde trabajar; (2) adaptar las estrategias a las condiciones ecológicas y sociales locales; (3) construir relaciones y apoyar los intereses de los propietarios; (4) reducir las barreras a la participación; (5) ofrecer un menú de opciones para apoyar el comportamiento conservacionista de los propietarios; y (6) promover la persistencia del comportamiento conservacionista de los propietarios. Estos principios enfatizan la importancia de reconocer las
私人土地管理是鸟类保护的重要组成部分。私人土地所有者如何管理他们的农场、牧场、森林和庭院，会影响鸟类遇到的资源和危险，并对鸟类的丰度产生相关影响。根据最近的研究，我们描述了保护工作者应该在与土地所有者的鸟类保护工作中纳入的6项原则:(1)利用社会和自然科学以及利益相关者的意见来决定如何和在哪里工作;(2)因地制宜，因地制宜;(3)建立关系，支持土地所有者的利益;(4)减少参与障碍;(5)提供一系列选项，以支持土地所有者的保育行为;(6)促进土地所有者保护行为的持续性。这些原则强调了认识到土地所有者的考虑因素、根据当地情况定制干预措施以及使干预措施尽可能容易实施的重要性。发展与土地所有者的关系，以及多种多样的保护干预措施，需要时间和精力，但应该提高对私人土地保护做法的吸收和持久性。减缓和潜在地扭转鸟类的减少需要尽可能多的土地所有者采用保护思想的土地管理。根据社会科学和自然科学的最新研究，我们描述了保育工作者应在与土地所有者的鸟类保育工作中纳入的6项原则。这些原则强调承认土地所有者的利益，根据当地情况调整干预措施，并使干预措施尽可能容易实施。在与土地所有者一起规划和实施保护项目时，将社会和自然科学知识更大程度地结合起来，应该会改善保护成果，尽管需要对这些项目进行评估。RESUMEN La gestión de tierras privadas是La conservación de las aves的组成部分。私人财产的形式包括庄园、庭院、庭院、庭院、庭院、庭院、庭院、庭院、庭院、庭院、庭院、庭院、庭院、庭院、庭院、庭院、庭院、庭院、庭院、庭院等。(1)利用社会科学和自然科学，利用当事人的利害关系和利害关系，利用当事人的利害关系和利害关系，利用当事人的利害关系和利害关系，利用当事人的利害关系和利害关系，利用当事人的利害关系和利害关系，利用当事人的利害关系和利害关系，利用当事人的利害关系和利害关系，利用当事人的利害关系和利害关系，利用当事人的利害关系和利害关系，利用当事人的利害关系和利害关系，利用当事人的利害关系和利害关系。(2)适应社会和环境的战略和条件ecológicas;(三)以财产损失利益为借口构建关系的;(4)减少las barreras a la participación;(5)《联合国宪章》(menú de opciones para apapyar comcomiento conservacionista de los propritarius);(6)促进产权保护的持久性。根据下列原则，我们必须考虑到这些原则的重要性:考虑到这些原则的重要性;考虑到这些原则的重要性;考虑到这些原则的重要性;考虑到这些原则的重要性;考虑到这些原则的重要性;从所有权到所有权，从所有权到所有权，从所有权到所有权，从所有权到所有权，从所有权到所有权，从所有权到所有权，从所有权到所有权，从所有权到所有权，从所有权到所有权，从所有权到所有权，从所有权到所有权，从所有权到所有权，从所有权到所有权，从所有权到所有权，从所有权到所有权，从所有权到所有权，从所有权到所有权，从所有权到所有权，从所有权到所有权，从所有权到所有权，从所有权到所有权，都需要时间。
{"title":"Six principles for working effectively with landowners to advance bird conservation","authors":"C. Lindell, A. Dayer","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duac035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duac035","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Private land management is an essential component of bird conservation. How private landowners manage their farms, rangelands, forests, and yards, influences the resources and hazards birds encounter, with associated impacts on bird abundance. We describe 6 principles, based on recent research, that conservation practitioners should incorporate into their bird conservation efforts with landowners: (1) use social and natural science and stakeholder input to decide how and where to work; (2) tailor strategies to local ecological and social conditions; (3) build relationships and support landowner interests; (4) reduce barriers to participation; (5) offer a menu of options to support landowner conservation behavior; and (6) promote persistence of landowner conservation behavior. These principles emphasize the importance of recognizing the considerations of landowners, customizing interventions to local conditions, and making interventions as easy to implement as possible. Developing relationships with landowners, along with a diverse menu of conservation interventions, takes time and effort but should improve both the uptake and persistence of conservation practices on private lands. LAY SUMMARY Slowing and potentially reversing bird declines requires that as many landowners as possible employ conservation-minded land management. We describe 6 principles that conservation practitioners should incorporate into their bird conservation efforts with landowners, based on recent research in both the social and natural sciences. The principles emphasize recognizing the interests of landowners, tailoring interventions to local conditions, and making interventions as easy to implement as possible. Greater integration of social and natural science knowledge in the planning and delivery of conservation programs with landowners should improve conservation outcomes although evaluation of such programs is needed. RESUMEN La gestión de tierras privadas es un componente esencial de la conservación de las aves. La forma en que los propietarios privados manejan sus haciendas, pastizales, bosques y jardines influye en los recursos y peligros que enfrentan las aves, con impactos asociados en la abundancia de aves. Describimos 6 principios, basados en investigaciones recientes, que los profesionales de la conservación deberían incorporar en sus esfuerzos de conservación de aves con los propietarios de tierras: (1) utilizar las ciencias sociales y naturales y los aportes de las partes interesadas para decidir cómo y dónde trabajar; (2) adaptar las estrategias a las condiciones ecológicas y sociales locales; (3) construir relaciones y apoyar los intereses de los propietarios; (4) reducir las barreras a la participación; (5) ofrecer un menú de opciones para apoyar el comportamiento conservacionista de los propietarios; y (6) promover la persistencia del comportamiento conservacionista de los propietarios. Estos principios enfatizan la importancia de reconocer las ","PeriodicalId":125764,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Applications","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127221775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duac036
Lara F. Mengak, Liliana C. Naves, Jason L. Schamber
ABSTRACT Emperor Goose (Anser canagicus) harvest in Alaska was re-opened in 2017 after a 30-year closure, but goose numbers available for a sustainable harvest remain limited. We used a Delphi process, an iterative group communication technique, to elicit expert opinion across 3 successive survey rounds to identify priorities for research, harvest management, and conservation of Emperor Goose. We identified 115 potential participants representing research and management by federal and state agencies, universities, Alaska Native representation in management, and non-governmental conservation organizations. Seventy participants responded to the first survey round (response rate = 61%). We compared responses between 4 participant groups to identify diverse perspectives. All groups, except Native Management, rated the impacts of spring–summer hunting on the Emperor Goose population more highly than impacts of fall–winter hunting. In round 1, the top-rated information and research priorities focused on harvest assessment. In the following rounds, refining survival estimates and population survey methods for Emperor Goose emerged as the two top-ranked research priorities. Improving education and outreach for hunters was the top-ranked conservation and harvest management priority. Formally identifying areas of agreement and disagreement among stakeholders is key for collaborative management, especially with contentious topics, although this step is often overlooked. The Delphi process allowed us to broaden perspectives by including individuals beyond the core entities involved with Emperor Goose management. Because stakeholder groups and individuals may provide input in diverse ways and at differing rates, ensuring that management processes have complementary paths for participation and decision-making helps safeguard against the shortcomings of individual processes. This study will inform ongoing discussions in the context of the revision of the Emperor Goose management plans led by committees within the Alaska Migratory Bird Co-Management Council and the Pacific Flyway Council. LAY SUMMARY Emperor Goose harvest in Alaska recently re-opened after a 30-year closure, but goose numbers available for a sustainable harvest remain limited. This study's objective was to draw upon expert opinion to clarify research, harvest management, and conservation priorities for Emperor Goose. Using a Delphi process, an iterative group communication technique, we conducted 3 successive rounds of surveys to gather knowledge and perspectives from federal and state biologists and managers, Alaska Native management representatives, university researchers, and conservation organization professionals. We compared responses between groups to identify diverse perspectives. Participants ranked refining survival estimates and population survey methods as top research priorities. Improving education and outreach for hunters was the top-ranked harvest management and conservation acti
阿拉斯加皇鹅(Anser canagicus)在关闭30年后于2017年重新开放，但可用于可持续收获的鹅数量仍然有限。我们使用德尔菲法(一种迭代的群体沟通技术)，在连续3轮调查中征求专家意见，以确定帝鹅研究、收获管理和保护的优先事项。我们确定了115名潜在的参与者，他们代表了联邦和州机构、大学、阿拉斯加原住民管理代表和非政府保护组织的研究和管理。70名参与者对第一轮调查做出了回应(回复率为61%)。我们比较了4组参与者的回答，以确定不同的观点。除Native Management外，所有组均认为春夏狩猎对皇鹅种群的影响高于秋冬狩猎。在第一轮中，评价最高的信息和研究重点集中在收获评估上。在接下来的几轮中，改进皇鹅的生存估计和种群调查方法成为两个最重要的研究重点。改善对猎人的教育和推广是保护和收获管理的首要任务。正式确定涉众之间的一致和不一致的领域是协作管理的关键，特别是对于有争议的主题，尽管这一步经常被忽视。德尔福流程允许我们通过包括与帝鹅管理相关的核心实体以外的个人来扩大视野。由于利益相关者团体和个人可能以不同的方式和不同的速率提供投入，因此确保管理过程具有参与和决策的互补路径，有助于防止单个过程的缺点。这项研究将为阿拉斯加候鸟共同管理委员会和太平洋飞行路线委员会领导的皇鹅管理计划的修订提供信息。在关闭了30年之后，阿拉斯加的皇鹅收获最近重新开放，但可用于可持续收获的鹅数量仍然有限。本研究的目的是借鉴专家的意见，阐明帝鹅的研究、收获管理和保护重点。采用德尔菲法(一种迭代的群体沟通技术)，我们进行了连续3轮的调查，以收集联邦和州生物学家和管理人员、阿拉斯加原住民管理代表、大学研究人员和保护组织专业人员的知识和观点。我们比较了各组之间的反应，以确定不同的观点。参与者将改进生存估计和人口调查方法列为研究的首要任务。改善对猎人的教育和推广是最重要的收获管理和保护行动。正式确定利益相关者之间的一致和不一致的领域是协作管理的关键。利益相关者可以以不同的方式和速度提供投入。参与和决策的互补途径可以防止个别进程的缺点。RESUMEN La cosecha de Anser canagicus en Alaska se reabrió en 2017 despusamas de unciere de 30 años, perel número de gansos disponables para una cosecha sostenible sigue siendo limited。利用德尔福进程，利用德尔福的<s:1> <s:1> <s:1>通讯通讯系统(<s:1> <s:1>通讯通讯系统)，利用德尔福的<s:1>通讯通讯系统(comunicación)，利用德尔福的<s:1>通讯通讯系统(opinión)，利用德尔福的专家组(opinión)，利用德尔福的专家组(opinión)，利用德尔福的专家组(investigación)，利用德尔福的专家组(conservación)。确定115名与会者，潜在代表分别是:investigación和gestión联邦机构和地方政府、大学、representación阿拉斯加土著居民和其他组织和地方政府的代表conservación。参与者对调查结果的初步调查(调查结果= 61%)作出了回应。比较调查对象分为四组，他们的观点不同。除了当地居民的家庭外，加利福尼亚的家庭对私人住宅的影响还包括población对A. canagicus de modo más对家庭对otoño-invierno的影响。En la ronda 1, la información major calificada通过las priorities de investigación se centraron En la evaluación de la cosecha。在所有的重大事件中，在所有的事件中，在所有的事件中，在所有的事件中，在所有的事件中，在所有的事件中，在所有的事件中，在所有的事件中，在所有的事件中，在所有的事件中，在所有的事件中，在所有的事件中，在所有的事件中。主要优先级为conservación，主要优先级为1，主要优先级为1，主要优先级为1。 正式确定利益相关者之间同意和不同意的领域是协作管理的关键，特别是在有争议的问题上，尽管这一步经常被忽视。Delphi过程允许我们扩展视角，包括参与A. canagicus管理的中心实体之外的人。由于利益相关者群体和个人可以以不同的方式和不同的速度提供投入，确保管理过程具有参与和决策的互补途径有助于防止个别过程的缺陷。这项研究将有助于阿拉斯加候鸟联合管理委员会和太平洋候鸟路线委员会各委员会正在进行的关于修订canagicus管理计划的讨论。
{"title":"Survival estimates and hunter outreach are priorities for the collaborative harvest management of Emperor Goose in Alaska","authors":"Lara F. Mengak, Liliana C. Naves, Jason L. Schamber","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duac036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duac036","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Emperor Goose (Anser canagicus) harvest in Alaska was re-opened in 2017 after a 30-year closure, but goose numbers available for a sustainable harvest remain limited. We used a Delphi process, an iterative group communication technique, to elicit expert opinion across 3 successive survey rounds to identify priorities for research, harvest management, and conservation of Emperor Goose. We identified 115 potential participants representing research and management by federal and state agencies, universities, Alaska Native representation in management, and non-governmental conservation organizations. Seventy participants responded to the first survey round (response rate = 61%). We compared responses between 4 participant groups to identify diverse perspectives. All groups, except Native Management, rated the impacts of spring–summer hunting on the Emperor Goose population more highly than impacts of fall–winter hunting. In round 1, the top-rated information and research priorities focused on harvest assessment. In the following rounds, refining survival estimates and population survey methods for Emperor Goose emerged as the two top-ranked research priorities. Improving education and outreach for hunters was the top-ranked conservation and harvest management priority. Formally identifying areas of agreement and disagreement among stakeholders is key for collaborative management, especially with contentious topics, although this step is often overlooked. The Delphi process allowed us to broaden perspectives by including individuals beyond the core entities involved with Emperor Goose management. Because stakeholder groups and individuals may provide input in diverse ways and at differing rates, ensuring that management processes have complementary paths for participation and decision-making helps safeguard against the shortcomings of individual processes. This study will inform ongoing discussions in the context of the revision of the Emperor Goose management plans led by committees within the Alaska Migratory Bird Co-Management Council and the Pacific Flyway Council. LAY SUMMARY Emperor Goose harvest in Alaska recently re-opened after a 30-year closure, but goose numbers available for a sustainable harvest remain limited. This study's objective was to draw upon expert opinion to clarify research, harvest management, and conservation priorities for Emperor Goose. Using a Delphi process, an iterative group communication technique, we conducted 3 successive rounds of surveys to gather knowledge and perspectives from federal and state biologists and managers, Alaska Native management representatives, university researchers, and conservation organization professionals. We compared responses between groups to identify diverse perspectives. Participants ranked refining survival estimates and population survey methods as top research priorities. Improving education and outreach for hunters was the top-ranked harvest management and conservation acti","PeriodicalId":125764,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Applications","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132030839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：