Pub Date : 2024-08-10DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duae035
Daniel Ben Moshe, Hagit Messer, Yuval Werber, N. Sapir
A major problem in studying bird movement in many countries is data scarcity, precluding information about the spatial and temporal properties of avian distribution and dynamics as well as their consequences for human lives. We address this problem by proposing an innovative approach based on the relation between counts of signal attenuation of wireless communication to the presence of birds across or near wireless links of cellular backhaul networks. Wireless point-to-point communication links, on either ground level or earth-satellite links, cover the globe. We statistically relate between signal attenuation in terrestrial Commercial Microwave Links (CMLs) and bird migration. Because modern communication systems measure and often log signal levels routinely, we propose using existing signal level measurements of cellular and other wireless communication systems around the world as sensors for monitoring of bird movement. Using actual measurements from operational CMLs, we show that the daily cycle of signal attenuation during bird migration periods matched that of waterbird migration traffic rate recorded by nearby bird radar. This demonstrates the potential of the proposed method for opportunistic bird movement monitoring by CMLs across the globe, with no additional hardware installation, maintenance or communication costs.
{"title":"Cellular network measurements can unravel spatiotemporal properties of bird movement to enhance basic and applied knowledge globally","authors":"Daniel Ben Moshe, Hagit Messer, Yuval Werber, N. Sapir","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duae035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duae035","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A major problem in studying bird movement in many countries is data scarcity, precluding information about the spatial and temporal properties of avian distribution and dynamics as well as their consequences for human lives. We address this problem by proposing an innovative approach based on the relation between counts of signal attenuation of wireless communication to the presence of birds across or near wireless links of cellular backhaul networks. Wireless point-to-point communication links, on either ground level or earth-satellite links, cover the globe. We statistically relate between signal attenuation in terrestrial Commercial Microwave Links (CMLs) and bird migration. Because modern communication systems measure and often log signal levels routinely, we propose using existing signal level measurements of cellular and other wireless communication systems around the world as sensors for monitoring of bird movement. Using actual measurements from operational CMLs, we show that the daily cycle of signal attenuation during bird migration periods matched that of waterbird migration traffic rate recorded by nearby bird radar. This demonstrates the potential of the proposed method for opportunistic bird movement monitoring by CMLs across the globe, with no additional hardware installation, maintenance or communication costs.","PeriodicalId":125764,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Applications","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141919592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-10DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duae035
Daniel Ben Moshe, Hagit Messer, Yuval Werber, N. Sapir
A major problem in studying bird movement in many countries is data scarcity, precluding information about the spatial and temporal properties of avian distribution and dynamics as well as their consequences for human lives. We address this problem by proposing an innovative approach based on the relation between counts of signal attenuation of wireless communication to the presence of birds across or near wireless links of cellular backhaul networks. Wireless point-to-point communication links, on either ground level or earth-satellite links, cover the globe. We statistically relate between signal attenuation in terrestrial Commercial Microwave Links (CMLs) and bird migration. Because modern communication systems measure and often log signal levels routinely, we propose using existing signal level measurements of cellular and other wireless communication systems around the world as sensors for monitoring of bird movement. Using actual measurements from operational CMLs, we show that the daily cycle of signal attenuation during bird migration periods matched that of waterbird migration traffic rate recorded by nearby bird radar. This demonstrates the potential of the proposed method for opportunistic bird movement monitoring by CMLs across the globe, with no additional hardware installation, maintenance or communication costs.
{"title":"Cellular network measurements can unravel spatiotemporal properties of bird movement to enhance basic and applied knowledge globally","authors":"Daniel Ben Moshe, Hagit Messer, Yuval Werber, N. Sapir","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duae035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duae035","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A major problem in studying bird movement in many countries is data scarcity, precluding information about the spatial and temporal properties of avian distribution and dynamics as well as their consequences for human lives. We address this problem by proposing an innovative approach based on the relation between counts of signal attenuation of wireless communication to the presence of birds across or near wireless links of cellular backhaul networks. Wireless point-to-point communication links, on either ground level or earth-satellite links, cover the globe. We statistically relate between signal attenuation in terrestrial Commercial Microwave Links (CMLs) and bird migration. Because modern communication systems measure and often log signal levels routinely, we propose using existing signal level measurements of cellular and other wireless communication systems around the world as sensors for monitoring of bird movement. Using actual measurements from operational CMLs, we show that the daily cycle of signal attenuation during bird migration periods matched that of waterbird migration traffic rate recorded by nearby bird radar. This demonstrates the potential of the proposed method for opportunistic bird movement monitoring by CMLs across the globe, with no additional hardware installation, maintenance or communication costs.","PeriodicalId":125764,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Applications","volume":"6 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141920080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duae034
Jennifer A. Linscott, Enzo Basso, Rosalyn Bathrick, Juliana Bosi de Almeida, Alexandra Anderson, Fernando Angulo-Pratolongo, Bart M. Ballard, J. Bêty, Stephen C. Brown, Katherine S Christie, Sarah J Clements, Christian Friis, Callie F. Gesmundo, Marie‐Andrée Giroux, A.-L. Harrison, Christopher M. Harwood, Jason M. Hill, James A. Johnson, Bart Kempenaers, Benoit Laliberte, J. Lamarre, R. Lanctot, Christopher Latty, Nicolas Lecomte, Laura A. McDuffie, J. G. Navedo, Erica Nol, Zachary M. Pohlen, Jennie Rausch, Rosalind B. Renfrew, Jorge Ruiz, Mike Russell, D. Ruthrauff, S. Saalfeld, Brett K. Sandercock, Shiloh Schulte, Paul A. Smith, Audrey R. Taylor, T. Tibbitts, M. Valcu, Mitch D Weegman, James R. Wright, Nathan R. Senner
Identifying the migration routes and stopover sites used by declining species is critical for developing targeted conservation actions. Long-distance migratory shorebirds are among the groups of birds declining most rapidly, yet we frequently lack detailed knowledge about the routes and stopover sites they use during their hemisphere-spanning migrations. This is especially true for species that migrate through mid-continental regions in the Western Hemisphere. We therefore used satellite transmitters to track 212 individuals of 6 shorebird species during their southward migrations—Pluvialis dominica (American Golden-Plover), Limosa haemastica (Hudsonian Godwit), Tringa flavipes (Lesser Yellowlegs), and Calidris subruficollis (Buff-breasted Sandpiper), C. melanotos (Pectoral Sandpiper), and Bartramia longicauda (Upland Sandpiper)—as they crossed the Amazon Basin of South America, a region from which reports of shorebird numbers are increasing but remain relatively rare. Our results make clear that the Amazon Basin provides stopover habitat for a large number of shorebirds: more than 74% of individuals tracked crossing the Amazon Basin stopped over in the region for an average of 2–14 days, with some spending the entire nonbreeding season there. All species selected stopover sites along the region’s many rivers and lakes, while within stopover sites each species exhibited distinct habitat preferences. The timing of stopovers within sub-basins of the Amazon Basin also coincided with periods of low water, when the muddy, shallow water habitats preferred by most shorebirds are likely plentiful. Together, our results highlight the need for detailed investigations into shorebird abundance and distribution within the Amazon Basin, threats to shorebirds within particular subbasins, and links between shorebird conservation efforts and those targeting the myriad other species that inhabit this dynamic, hyper-diverse region.
{"title":"The Amazon Basin’s rivers and lakes support Nearctic-breeding shorebirds during southward migration","authors":"Jennifer A. Linscott, Enzo Basso, Rosalyn Bathrick, Juliana Bosi de Almeida, Alexandra Anderson, Fernando Angulo-Pratolongo, Bart M. Ballard, J. Bêty, Stephen C. Brown, Katherine S Christie, Sarah J Clements, Christian Friis, Callie F. Gesmundo, Marie‐Andrée Giroux, A.-L. Harrison, Christopher M. Harwood, Jason M. Hill, James A. Johnson, Bart Kempenaers, Benoit Laliberte, J. Lamarre, R. Lanctot, Christopher Latty, Nicolas Lecomte, Laura A. McDuffie, J. G. Navedo, Erica Nol, Zachary M. Pohlen, Jennie Rausch, Rosalind B. Renfrew, Jorge Ruiz, Mike Russell, D. Ruthrauff, S. Saalfeld, Brett K. Sandercock, Shiloh Schulte, Paul A. Smith, Audrey R. Taylor, T. Tibbitts, M. Valcu, Mitch D Weegman, James R. Wright, Nathan R. Senner","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duae034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duae034","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Identifying the migration routes and stopover sites used by declining species is critical for developing targeted conservation actions. Long-distance migratory shorebirds are among the groups of birds declining most rapidly, yet we frequently lack detailed knowledge about the routes and stopover sites they use during their hemisphere-spanning migrations. This is especially true for species that migrate through mid-continental regions in the Western Hemisphere. We therefore used satellite transmitters to track 212 individuals of 6 shorebird species during their southward migrations—Pluvialis dominica (American Golden-Plover), Limosa haemastica (Hudsonian Godwit), Tringa flavipes (Lesser Yellowlegs), and Calidris subruficollis (Buff-breasted Sandpiper), C. melanotos (Pectoral Sandpiper), and Bartramia longicauda (Upland Sandpiper)—as they crossed the Amazon Basin of South America, a region from which reports of shorebird numbers are increasing but remain relatively rare. Our results make clear that the Amazon Basin provides stopover habitat for a large number of shorebirds: more than 74% of individuals tracked crossing the Amazon Basin stopped over in the region for an average of 2–14 days, with some spending the entire nonbreeding season there. All species selected stopover sites along the region’s many rivers and lakes, while within stopover sites each species exhibited distinct habitat preferences. The timing of stopovers within sub-basins of the Amazon Basin also coincided with periods of low water, when the muddy, shallow water habitats preferred by most shorebirds are likely plentiful. Together, our results highlight the need for detailed investigations into shorebird abundance and distribution within the Amazon Basin, threats to shorebirds within particular subbasins, and links between shorebird conservation efforts and those targeting the myriad other species that inhabit this dynamic, hyper-diverse region.","PeriodicalId":125764,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Applications","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duae030
David T Iles, Charles M Francis, Adam C. Smith, Russ Weeber, Christian Friis, Lindsay Daly
Acoustic recorders are increasingly important for monitoring bird populations and have potential to augment existing monitoring programs such as the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS). An advantage of acoustic recordings is that they can be reviewed multiple times by multiple experts, potentially yielding improved estimates of species abundance and community richness. Yet, few studies have examined how frequently successive listeners disagree on acoustic interpretations and how strongly estimates of species richness and abundance are altered when multiple experts review each recording. We assigned multiple expert listeners to interpret recordings at 690 Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) stops, and subsequently assigned second listeners to conduct a review of first listeners’ interpretations. We examined the extent to which listeners agreed with each other and quantified the effect of disagreements on resultant estimates of species occurrence, abundance, and stop-level richness. We also compared estimates from acoustic recordings to those obtained during simultaneous field surveys. Estimates were highly correlated for number of species per stop (r = 0.92) and detection probabilities of species (r = 0.97) based on first and second-listener data. Second listeners disagreed with ~9% of first listeners’ interpretations and added an average of ~15% additional species and 16% additional birds not reported by first listeners. Estimates based on acoustic recordings were also highly correlated with those obtained from field surveys, though listeners were unable to count flocks. A single expert reviewer can provide a reasonable approximation of the relative abundance and species composition of birds available for acoustic detection during Breeding Bird Surveys. However, acoustic review by multiple listeners may still be important for species that are rare, difficult to identify, or of high conservation concern.
{"title":"Two listeners detect slightly more birds than a single listener when interpreting acoustic recordings","authors":"David T Iles, Charles M Francis, Adam C. Smith, Russ Weeber, Christian Friis, Lindsay Daly","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duae030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duae030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Acoustic recorders are increasingly important for monitoring bird populations and have potential to augment existing monitoring programs such as the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS). An advantage of acoustic recordings is that they can be reviewed multiple times by multiple experts, potentially yielding improved estimates of species abundance and community richness. Yet, few studies have examined how frequently successive listeners disagree on acoustic interpretations and how strongly estimates of species richness and abundance are altered when multiple experts review each recording. We assigned multiple expert listeners to interpret recordings at 690 Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) stops, and subsequently assigned second listeners to conduct a review of first listeners’ interpretations. We examined the extent to which listeners agreed with each other and quantified the effect of disagreements on resultant estimates of species occurrence, abundance, and stop-level richness. We also compared estimates from acoustic recordings to those obtained during simultaneous field surveys. Estimates were highly correlated for number of species per stop (r = 0.92) and detection probabilities of species (r = 0.97) based on first and second-listener data. Second listeners disagreed with ~9% of first listeners’ interpretations and added an average of ~15% additional species and 16% additional birds not reported by first listeners. Estimates based on acoustic recordings were also highly correlated with those obtained from field surveys, though listeners were unable to count flocks. A single expert reviewer can provide a reasonable approximation of the relative abundance and species composition of birds available for acoustic detection during Breeding Bird Surveys. However, acoustic review by multiple listeners may still be important for species that are rare, difficult to identify, or of high conservation concern.","PeriodicalId":125764,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Applications","volume":"3 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duae024
Karthik Thrikkadeeri, Ashwin Viswanathan
Many parts of the world lack the large and coordinated volunteer networks required for systematic monitoring of bird populations. In these regions, citizen science programs offer an alternative with their semi-structured data, but the utility of these data is contingent on how, where, and how comparably birdwatchers watch birds, year on year. Trends inferred from the data can be confounded during years when birdwatchers may behave differently, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic. We wanted to ascertain how the data uploaded from India to one such citizen science platform, eBird, were impacted by this deadly global pandemic. To understand whether eBird data from the pandemic years in India are comparable to data from adjacent years, we explored several characteristics of the data, such as how often people watched birds in groups or at public locations, at multiple spatial and temporal scales. We found that the volume of data generated increased during the pandemic years 2020–2021 compared to 2019. Data characteristics changed largely only during the peak pandemic months (April–May 2020 and April–May 2021) associated with high fatality rates and strict lockdowns. These changes in data characteristics (e.g., greater site fidelity and less group birding) were possibly due to the decreased human mobility and social interaction in these periods. The data from the remainder of these restrictive years remained similar to those of the adjacent years, thereby reducing the impact of the aberrant peak months on any annual inference. Our findings show that birdwatchers in India as contributors to citizen science rapidly returned to their pre-pandemic behavior, and that the effects of the pandemic on birdwatching effort and birdwatcher behavior are scale- and context-dependent. In summary, eBird data from the pandemic years in India remain useful for abundance trend estimation and similar large-scale applications, but will benefit from preliminary data quality checks when utilized at a fine scale.
{"title":"Despite short-lived changes, COVID-19 pandemic had minimal large-scale impact on citizen science participation in India","authors":"Karthik Thrikkadeeri, Ashwin Viswanathan","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duae024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duae024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Many parts of the world lack the large and coordinated volunteer networks required for systematic monitoring of bird populations. In these regions, citizen science programs offer an alternative with their semi-structured data, but the utility of these data is contingent on how, where, and how comparably birdwatchers watch birds, year on year. Trends inferred from the data can be confounded during years when birdwatchers may behave differently, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic. We wanted to ascertain how the data uploaded from India to one such citizen science platform, eBird, were impacted by this deadly global pandemic. To understand whether eBird data from the pandemic years in India are comparable to data from adjacent years, we explored several characteristics of the data, such as how often people watched birds in groups or at public locations, at multiple spatial and temporal scales. We found that the volume of data generated increased during the pandemic years 2020–2021 compared to 2019. Data characteristics changed largely only during the peak pandemic months (April–May 2020 and April–May 2021) associated with high fatality rates and strict lockdowns. These changes in data characteristics (e.g., greater site fidelity and less group birding) were possibly due to the decreased human mobility and social interaction in these periods. The data from the remainder of these restrictive years remained similar to those of the adjacent years, thereby reducing the impact of the aberrant peak months on any annual inference. Our findings show that birdwatchers in India as contributors to citizen science rapidly returned to their pre-pandemic behavior, and that the effects of the pandemic on birdwatching effort and birdwatcher behavior are scale- and context-dependent. In summary, eBird data from the pandemic years in India remain useful for abundance trend estimation and similar large-scale applications, but will benefit from preliminary data quality checks when utilized at a fine scale.","PeriodicalId":125764,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Applications","volume":"46 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141358933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duae022
Charles B. van Rees, J. M. Reed
Where stable source populations of at-risk species exist, translocation may be a reasonable strategy for re-establishing extirpated populations. However, the success rates of such efforts are mixed, necessitating thorough preliminary investigation. Stochastic population modeling can be a useful method of assessing the potential success of translocations. Here, we report on the results of modeling translocation success for the Gallinula galeata sandvicensis or ‘alae ‘ula (Hawaiian Common Gallinule), an endangered waterbird endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Using updated vital rates, we constructed a model simulating 3 existing extant (wild) source populations and a hypothetical recipient site on another island. We then projected the effects of 6 different translocation scenarios and sensitivity of the results to variation of three important demographic parameters on the probability of extinction (PE) of the reintroduced and donor populations. Larger translocations, of at least 30 birds, had low probability of extinction in the reintroduced population, but raised extinction risk of the smallest source population. Spacing out translocations in time (e.g., 10 birds translocated in total in 3 installments over 9 years), led to lower PE than translocating all individuals at once (i.e., bulk translocations) for both the source and reintroduced populations. Brood size and hatch-year juvenile survival had a disproportionate impact on reintroduced population viability. Importantly, the reported juvenile survival rate is very near the threshold for population failure. This suggests that post-introduction and subsequent management of wetlands, particularly predator control, could be critical to reintroduction success. We recommend that individuals should be translocated from multiple, genetically distinct subpopulations to reduce the possibility of inbreeding depression. Based on this analysis, the recipient wetland should be sufficiently large that it can support at least 25 pairs of gallinules. Based on recent estimates of population densities on O‘ahu, such a wetland would need to be between 3.75 and 74.6 ha.
{"title":"Small translocations of endangered Gallinula galeata sandvicensis (Hawaiian Common Gallinule) may be sufficient to generate a viable reintroduced population","authors":"Charles B. van Rees, J. M. Reed","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duae022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duae022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Where stable source populations of at-risk species exist, translocation may be a reasonable strategy for re-establishing extirpated populations. However, the success rates of such efforts are mixed, necessitating thorough preliminary investigation. Stochastic population modeling can be a useful method of assessing the potential success of translocations. Here, we report on the results of modeling translocation success for the Gallinula galeata sandvicensis or ‘alae ‘ula (Hawaiian Common Gallinule), an endangered waterbird endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Using updated vital rates, we constructed a model simulating 3 existing extant (wild) source populations and a hypothetical recipient site on another island. We then projected the effects of 6 different translocation scenarios and sensitivity of the results to variation of three important demographic parameters on the probability of extinction (PE) of the reintroduced and donor populations. Larger translocations, of at least 30 birds, had low probability of extinction in the reintroduced population, but raised extinction risk of the smallest source population. Spacing out translocations in time (e.g., 10 birds translocated in total in 3 installments over 9 years), led to lower PE than translocating all individuals at once (i.e., bulk translocations) for both the source and reintroduced populations. Brood size and hatch-year juvenile survival had a disproportionate impact on reintroduced population viability. Importantly, the reported juvenile survival rate is very near the threshold for population failure. This suggests that post-introduction and subsequent management of wetlands, particularly predator control, could be critical to reintroduction success. We recommend that individuals should be translocated from multiple, genetically distinct subpopulations to reduce the possibility of inbreeding depression. Based on this analysis, the recipient wetland should be sufficiently large that it can support at least 25 pairs of gallinules. Based on recent estimates of population densities on O‘ahu, such a wetland would need to be between 3.75 and 74.6 ha.","PeriodicalId":125764,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Applications","volume":" 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duae023
Julian Garcia-Walther, Jim A Johnson, Nathan R. Senner
Sea level rise (SLR) is one of the most unequivocal consequences of climate change, yet the implications for shorebirds and their coastal habitats is not well understood, especially outside of the north temperate zone. Here, we show that by the year 2050, SLR has the potential to cause significant habitat loss and reduce the quality of the remaining coastal wetlands in Northwest Mexico—one of the most important regions for Nearctic breeding migratory shorebirds. Specifically, we used species distribution modelling and a moderate SLR static inundation scenario to assess the effects of future SLR on coastal wetlands in Northwest Mexico and the potential distribution of Calidris canutus roselaari (Red Knot), a threatened long-distance migratory shorebird. Our results suggest that under a moderate SLR scenario, 55% of the current coastal wetland extent in northwest Mexico will be at risk of permanent submergence by 2050, and the high-quality habitat areas that remain will be 20% less suitable for C. c. roselaari. What is more, 8 out of the 10 wetlands currently supporting the largest numbers of C. c. roselaari are predicted to lose, on average, 17.8% of their highly suitable habitat areas, with two sites completely losing all their highly suitable habitat. In combination with increasing levels of coastal development and anthropogenic disturbance in Northwest Mexico, these predicted changes suggest that the potential future distribution of C. c. roselaari (and other shorebirds) will likely contract, exacerbating their ongoing population declines. Our results also make clear that SLR will likely have profound effects on ecosystems outside the north temperate zones, providing a clarion call to natural resource managers. Urgent action is required to begin securing sufficient space to accommodate the natural capacity of wetlands to migrate inland and implement local-scale solutions that strengthen the resilience of wetlands and human populations to SLR.
海平面上升（SLR）是气候变化最明确的后果之一，但其对海岸鸟类及其沿海栖息地的影响却不甚了解，尤其是在北温带以外的地区。在这里，我们表明，到 2050 年，可持续土地退化有可能导致墨西哥西北部栖息地的大量丧失，并降低剩余沿海湿地的质量，而墨西哥西北部是近地繁殖候鸟的最重要地区之一。具体而言，我们利用物种分布模型和中度可持续土地退化静态淹没情景，评估了未来可持续土地退化对墨西哥西北部沿海湿地的影响，以及濒危远距离迁徙滨鸟红结（Calidris canutus roselaari）的潜在分布。我们的研究结果表明，在中度 SLR 情景下，到 2050 年，墨西哥西北部目前 55% 的沿海湿地将面临永久淹没的风险，而剩下的优质栖息地中，适合 C. c. roselaari 的区域将减少 20%。更有甚者，据预测，目前养育着最多 C. c. roselaari 的 10 个湿地中，有 8 个将平均失去 17.8% 的高适宜栖息地面积，其中两个地点将完全失去所有高适宜栖息地。结合墨西哥西北部日益严重的沿海开发和人为干扰，这些预测的变化表明，罗氏矶鹬及其他海岸鸟类未来的潜在分布区可能会缩小，从而加剧其种群数量的持续下降。我们的研究结果还表明，可持续土地退化可能会对北温带以外的生态系统产生深远影响，这为自然资源管理者敲响了警钟。我们需要采取紧急行动，开始确保足够的空间，以适应湿地向内陆迁移的自然能力，并实施地方规模的解决方案，加强湿地和人类对可持续土地退化的适应能力。
{"title":"Future sea level rise in northwest Mexico is projected to decrease the distribution and habitat quality of the endangered Calidris canutus roselaari (Red Knot)","authors":"Julian Garcia-Walther, Jim A Johnson, Nathan R. Senner","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duae023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duae023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Sea level rise (SLR) is one of the most unequivocal consequences of climate change, yet the implications for shorebirds and their coastal habitats is not well understood, especially outside of the north temperate zone. Here, we show that by the year 2050, SLR has the potential to cause significant habitat loss and reduce the quality of the remaining coastal wetlands in Northwest Mexico—one of the most important regions for Nearctic breeding migratory shorebirds. Specifically, we used species distribution modelling and a moderate SLR static inundation scenario to assess the effects of future SLR on coastal wetlands in Northwest Mexico and the potential distribution of Calidris canutus roselaari (Red Knot), a threatened long-distance migratory shorebird. Our results suggest that under a moderate SLR scenario, 55% of the current coastal wetland extent in northwest Mexico will be at risk of permanent submergence by 2050, and the high-quality habitat areas that remain will be 20% less suitable for C. c. roselaari. What is more, 8 out of the 10 wetlands currently supporting the largest numbers of C. c. roselaari are predicted to lose, on average, 17.8% of their highly suitable habitat areas, with two sites completely losing all their highly suitable habitat. In combination with increasing levels of coastal development and anthropogenic disturbance in Northwest Mexico, these predicted changes suggest that the potential future distribution of C. c. roselaari (and other shorebirds) will likely contract, exacerbating their ongoing population declines. Our results also make clear that SLR will likely have profound effects on ecosystems outside the north temperate zones, providing a clarion call to natural resource managers. Urgent action is required to begin securing sufficient space to accommodate the natural capacity of wetlands to migrate inland and implement local-scale solutions that strengthen the resilience of wetlands and human populations to SLR.","PeriodicalId":125764,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Applications","volume":"67 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141381695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duae019
Yohan Sassi, Noémie Ziletti, O. Duriez, Benjamin Robira
The increase of wind turbine installations to limit climate change may affect bird populations because of collisions with rotor blades. Birds may respond to wind turbine presence along a gradient of behavioral changes: avoiding the wind farm (macro-scale) or the wind turbines either by anticipating wind turbine locations (meso-scale) or engaging in last-minute flee attempts (micro-scale). We investigated flight responses of 25 adult Gyps fulvus (Griffon Vulture) equipped with GPS tags over 3 yr in an area that included 10 wind farms in Causses, France. At the macro-scale, foraging range and habitat use revealed that G. fulvus did not avoid wind farms. To investigate avoidance at meso- and micro-scales, we focused on the 4 most visited wind farms. We compared vulture flights to null movement models, which allowed us to keep the correlation between flights and topography while creating movement independent of wind turbine locations. At most sites, G. fulvus did not show avoidance behavior. Overall, our results suggest wind farm-specific responses by soaring birds as a function of landscape topography. Thus, to reduce collision risks, stakeholders should first avoid constructing wind farms close to vulture nesting colonies. When siting, developers should investigate G. fulvus use of local topography to avoid areas in which birds are likely to travel. Finally, managers must prioritize the detection of species not able to avoid turbines when designing preventive measures, such as switching off on-demand technologies.
{"title":"Empirical and simulation data reveals a lack of avoidance of wind turbines by Gyps fulvus (Griffon Vulture)","authors":"Yohan Sassi, Noémie Ziletti, O. Duriez, Benjamin Robira","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duae019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duae019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The increase of wind turbine installations to limit climate change may affect bird populations because of collisions with rotor blades. Birds may respond to wind turbine presence along a gradient of behavioral changes: avoiding the wind farm (macro-scale) or the wind turbines either by anticipating wind turbine locations (meso-scale) or engaging in last-minute flee attempts (micro-scale). We investigated flight responses of 25 adult Gyps fulvus (Griffon Vulture) equipped with GPS tags over 3 yr in an area that included 10 wind farms in Causses, France. At the macro-scale, foraging range and habitat use revealed that G. fulvus did not avoid wind farms. To investigate avoidance at meso- and micro-scales, we focused on the 4 most visited wind farms. We compared vulture flights to null movement models, which allowed us to keep the correlation between flights and topography while creating movement independent of wind turbine locations. At most sites, G. fulvus did not show avoidance behavior. Overall, our results suggest wind farm-specific responses by soaring birds as a function of landscape topography. Thus, to reduce collision risks, stakeholders should first avoid constructing wind farms close to vulture nesting colonies. When siting, developers should investigate G. fulvus use of local topography to avoid areas in which birds are likely to travel. Finally, managers must prioritize the detection of species not able to avoid turbines when designing preventive measures, such as switching off on-demand technologies.","PeriodicalId":125764,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Applications","volume":"23 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141112294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duae020
Eve C. Thomason, J. Belthoff, Sharon A. Poessel, Todd E Katzner
Illegal killing of protected nongame birds is pervasive and can be demographically relevant. In 2021 and 2022, we evaluated spatial and temporal patterns in illegal killing of birds along 69.7 km of power lines in the Morley Nelson Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area in Idaho, USA, to provide insight into potential drivers behind the activity and key information to manage this threat across the American west. The illegal shooting of 8 species of raptors and corvids we documented was clumped both temporally and spatially, as opposed to being randomly distributed across the year and landscape. We found 72 illegally shot birds, most killed during spring months (March to May), coincident with peak time periods of legal recreational shooting activity, and in places with high levels of recreational shooting. We also found evidence of targeted killing of raptors in the conservation area in areas not associated with recreational shooting. Given the numbers of nesting pairs of some local raptor species, this shooting is likely demographically relevant for some but not all local populations. Likewise, with the prevalence of recreational shooting across the American west, the inference we draw is broadly relevant beyond our Idaho study area. The insight our work provides can enable owners of power lines, law enforcement agencies, and resource managers to coordinate in outreach, regulatory, and law enforcement action to manage a threat that may have widespread impacts for some avian species.
{"title":"Illegal shooting of protected nongame birds along power lines coincides with places and times of peak legal recreational shooting","authors":"Eve C. Thomason, J. Belthoff, Sharon A. Poessel, Todd E Katzner","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duae020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duae020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Illegal killing of protected nongame birds is pervasive and can be demographically relevant. In 2021 and 2022, we evaluated spatial and temporal patterns in illegal killing of birds along 69.7 km of power lines in the Morley Nelson Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area in Idaho, USA, to provide insight into potential drivers behind the activity and key information to manage this threat across the American west. The illegal shooting of 8 species of raptors and corvids we documented was clumped both temporally and spatially, as opposed to being randomly distributed across the year and landscape. We found 72 illegally shot birds, most killed during spring months (March to May), coincident with peak time periods of legal recreational shooting activity, and in places with high levels of recreational shooting. We also found evidence of targeted killing of raptors in the conservation area in areas not associated with recreational shooting. Given the numbers of nesting pairs of some local raptor species, this shooting is likely demographically relevant for some but not all local populations. Likewise, with the prevalence of recreational shooting across the American west, the inference we draw is broadly relevant beyond our Idaho study area. The insight our work provides can enable owners of power lines, law enforcement agencies, and resource managers to coordinate in outreach, regulatory, and law enforcement action to manage a threat that may have widespread impacts for some avian species.","PeriodicalId":125764,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Applications","volume":"36 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141112546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duae018
Oddvar Heggøy, Jostein Gohli, T. Lislevand
Increasing levels of global environmental change may have negative impacts on fertility and embryo viability in animals that could explain a recently reported increase in hatching failure in bird eggs across the globe. Here we test this relationship again by analyzing a dataset containing almost twice as many species and covering a longer time period than earlier works (n = 431 species during the period 1906–2022). We also tested for effects of Red List status and global population size. We found that hatching failure rates in a combined group of bird species currently classified as threatened (IUCN Red List categories Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable) or Near Threatened, peaked in the late 1970s to early 1980s and thereafter declined. A similar trend also existed in species with relatively small global populations. In contrast, no temporal trends were found in species in the Least Concern category, or in species with large global populations. Moreover, hatching failure rates declined significantly with increasing global population sizes. The temporal peak of hatching failure rates in threatened and Near Threatened species corresponds with the peak in environmental levels of the insecticide DDT. While this could suggest that environmental pollution caused the temporal trends in hatching failure rates, effects of inbreeding in small and threatened populations sampled more frequently during this period could not be excluded. Although we found no evidence suggesting that the rates of hatching failure in bird eggs are increasing, the current study supports previous works showing that species of high conservation concern appear to be more susceptible to factors leading to reproductive failure than other species.
{"title":"Avian hatching failure rates did not increase during the last century, although species of high conservation concern appear particularly susceptible to factors leading to reproductive failure","authors":"Oddvar Heggøy, Jostein Gohli, T. Lislevand","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duae018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duae018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Increasing levels of global environmental change may have negative impacts on fertility and embryo viability in animals that could explain a recently reported increase in hatching failure in bird eggs across the globe. Here we test this relationship again by analyzing a dataset containing almost twice as many species and covering a longer time period than earlier works (n = 431 species during the period 1906–2022). We also tested for effects of Red List status and global population size. We found that hatching failure rates in a combined group of bird species currently classified as threatened (IUCN Red List categories Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable) or Near Threatened, peaked in the late 1970s to early 1980s and thereafter declined. A similar trend also existed in species with relatively small global populations. In contrast, no temporal trends were found in species in the Least Concern category, or in species with large global populations. Moreover, hatching failure rates declined significantly with increasing global population sizes. The temporal peak of hatching failure rates in threatened and Near Threatened species corresponds with the peak in environmental levels of the insecticide DDT. While this could suggest that environmental pollution caused the temporal trends in hatching failure rates, effects of inbreeding in small and threatened populations sampled more frequently during this period could not be excluded. Although we found no evidence suggesting that the rates of hatching failure in bird eggs are increasing, the current study supports previous works showing that species of high conservation concern appear to be more susceptible to factors leading to reproductive failure than other species.","PeriodicalId":125764,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Applications","volume":"8 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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