Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duad011
C. Hines, L. Duval, B. Watts, Grant Van Horn, E. Miller
ABSTRACT It is imperative to identify factors that influence population trends for declining species, but demographic parameters can be especially challenging to quantify for birds, such as Whimbrels (Numenius phaeopus), that breed in locations that are logistically difficult to access. At least two disjunct Whimbrel populations breed in remote and difficult to access northern latitudes but migrate through the heavily populated North American Atlantic Coast during autumn migration. Here, we capitalize on the Whimbrel migrations through the more populated coastal areas to age Whimbrels in photographs uploaded to the citizen science website, eBird, to identify the timing and location of juvenile Whimbrels staging for trans-Atlantic migratory flights. Mean photograph dates for adult migration were synchronous with reported dates for the Mackenzie Delta population that breeds along the northern coast of Northwest Territories, Canada, and stages in Atlantic Canada and for the Hudson Bay population that stages along the South Atlantic USA coast. However, the mean dates of juvenile photographs were 29–41 days later than adult dates, depending on the region. Space use by juveniles along the coast also differed from that reported for adults. Adults primarily depend on Atlantic Canada and the South Atlantic USA coast during fall migration. The percentage of juveniles was greater outside these two primary staging locations. Region-specific juvenile photograph dates suggest that juveniles may drift farther south than the majority of adults from their respective populations. The percentage of juvenile photos collected better predicted the percentage of adult photos 3 years later than 1 and 2 years later which is consistent with Whimbrel's delayed reproductive strategy and provides validation for using photographs to obtain age ratios. As photograph uploads become more commonplace, this and similar analyses may be used to obtain information that would normally be logistically difficult with traditional field methods. How to Cite Hines, C., L. Duval, B. D. Watts, G. Van Horn, and E. Miller (2023). Citizen science photographs indicate different timing and location use of migrating adult and juvenile Whimbrels. Ornithological Applications 125:duad011. LAY SUMMARY It is difficult to collect baseline information for species, like Whimbrel, that breed in remote locations. We aged Whimbrel photographs uploaded to eBird to identify the timing of adult and juvenile Whimbrel migrations along the North American Atlantic coast. We then analyzed all checklists submitted to eBird to identify juvenile and adult Whimbrel migratory hotspots. Juvenile Whimbrel migrated through the Atlantic coast 29–41 days later than adults and used a more diffuse path through the North American coast. The percentage of juvenile photographs collected throughout the study area predicted the percentage of adult photographs 3 years later better than 1 and 2 years later, which is consistent with Wh
确定影响物种数量下降趋势的因素是必要的，但对于在物流上难以到达的地点繁殖的鸟类，如Whimbrels (Numenius phaeopus)，人口统计学参数的量化尤其具有挑战性。至少有两个不相连的异花异草种群在偏远和难以到达的北纬地区繁殖，但在秋季迁徙时，它们会通过人口稠密的北美大西洋海岸迁徙。在这里，我们利用了通过人口较多的沿海地区的Whimbrel迁徙，并将照片上传到公民科学网站eBird上，以确定幼年Whimbrel跨大西洋迁徙飞行的时间和地点。成年迁徙的平均照片日期与加拿大西北地区北部海岸繁殖的麦肯齐三角洲种群和加拿大大西洋沿岸的阶段以及美国南大西洋沿岸的哈德逊湾种群的报告日期同步。然而，在不同的地区，少年照片的平均日期比成年照片晚29-41天。沿海青少年对空间的使用情况也与报道的成年人不同。成虫在秋季迁徙时主要依靠加拿大大西洋沿岸和美国南大西洋沿岸。在这两个主要分期地点之外，幼鱼的比例更大。特定地区的幼鲸照片日期表明，幼鲸可能比它们各自种群中的大多数成年鲸向南漂流得更远。收集的青少年照片的百分比比1和2年后更能预测3年后成人照片的百分比，这与Whimbrel的延迟繁殖策略一致，并为使用照片获得年龄比提供了验证。随着照片上传变得越来越普遍，这种和类似的分析可以用来获取通常很难用传统的实地方法获得的信息。如何引用海恩斯，C.， L.杜瓦尔，B. D.瓦茨，G.凡霍恩和E.米勒(2023)。公民科学照片显示不同的时间和地点使用迁徙的成年和幼年呜呜鸟。鸟类学应用[j];收集像Whimbrel这样在偏远地区繁殖的物种的基线信息是很困难的。我们对上传到eBird的Whimbrel照片进行了老化处理，以确定成年和幼年Whimbrel沿着北美大西洋海岸迁徙的时间。然后，我们分析了提交给eBird的所有核对表，以确定幼年和成年Whimbrel的迁徙热点。幼鸟在大西洋沿岸的迁徙比成鸟晚了29-41天，在北美海岸的迁徙路径更分散。整个研究区域收集的幼象百分比预测3年后成年象百分比优于1年和2年，这与Whimbrel的延迟繁殖策略一致。resume .(简历).(简历).(简历).(简历).(简历).(简历).(简历).(简历).(简历).(简历).(简历).(简历).(简历).(简历).(简历).(简历).(简历).(简历).(简历).(简历).(简历).(简历)。在拉丁美洲和拉丁美洲的七个纬度上，在difícil访问、移徙和穿越哥斯达黎加的<s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> - - - <s:1> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -。Aquí， approvechamos las migraciones de N. phaopus a travaces de las áreas costeras más polbladas para determinar la edad de los individuos de N. phaopus en fotografías cargadas en thesittio web de ciencia ciudadana eBird, para identityel瞬间与la ubicación de幼鸟preparándose para los vuelos migratorios transatlánticos。Las fechas promedio de Las fotografías para a migración de los成年人conconas as fechas informadas para a población del Mackenzie Delta, que se re re a lo largo de de noroestes Territorios del noroestes, canada, y se prepares en Atlántico canadiense, y para a población de la Bahía de Hudson, que se prepare a lo largo de de Atlántico sur de EEUU。在禁运期间，las fechas promedio de las fotografías de los juvenile fueron de 29和41 días posteriores a las fechas de los adult, dependendo de la región。未成年人档案档案档案档案档案档案档案档案档案档案档案档案档案档案档案档案档案档案档案档案档案档案档案档案档案档案档案档案档案。成人依赖于Atlántico加拿大和Atlántico欧洲联盟海岸的原则，并依赖于migración de otoño。未成年人与市长的关系，未成年人与校长的关系。
{"title":"Citizen science photographs indicate different timing and location use of migrating adult and juvenile Whimbrels","authors":"C. Hines, L. Duval, B. Watts, Grant Van Horn, E. Miller","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duad011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duad011","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT It is imperative to identify factors that influence population trends for declining species, but demographic parameters can be especially challenging to quantify for birds, such as Whimbrels (Numenius phaeopus), that breed in locations that are logistically difficult to access. At least two disjunct Whimbrel populations breed in remote and difficult to access northern latitudes but migrate through the heavily populated North American Atlantic Coast during autumn migration. Here, we capitalize on the Whimbrel migrations through the more populated coastal areas to age Whimbrels in photographs uploaded to the citizen science website, eBird, to identify the timing and location of juvenile Whimbrels staging for trans-Atlantic migratory flights. Mean photograph dates for adult migration were synchronous with reported dates for the Mackenzie Delta population that breeds along the northern coast of Northwest Territories, Canada, and stages in Atlantic Canada and for the Hudson Bay population that stages along the South Atlantic USA coast. However, the mean dates of juvenile photographs were 29–41 days later than adult dates, depending on the region. Space use by juveniles along the coast also differed from that reported for adults. Adults primarily depend on Atlantic Canada and the South Atlantic USA coast during fall migration. The percentage of juveniles was greater outside these two primary staging locations. Region-specific juvenile photograph dates suggest that juveniles may drift farther south than the majority of adults from their respective populations. The percentage of juvenile photos collected better predicted the percentage of adult photos 3 years later than 1 and 2 years later which is consistent with Whimbrel's delayed reproductive strategy and provides validation for using photographs to obtain age ratios. As photograph uploads become more commonplace, this and similar analyses may be used to obtain information that would normally be logistically difficult with traditional field methods. How to Cite Hines, C., L. Duval, B. D. Watts, G. Van Horn, and E. Miller (2023). Citizen science photographs indicate different timing and location use of migrating adult and juvenile Whimbrels. Ornithological Applications 125:duad011. LAY SUMMARY It is difficult to collect baseline information for species, like Whimbrel, that breed in remote locations. We aged Whimbrel photographs uploaded to eBird to identify the timing of adult and juvenile Whimbrel migrations along the North American Atlantic coast. We then analyzed all checklists submitted to eBird to identify juvenile and adult Whimbrel migratory hotspots. Juvenile Whimbrel migrated through the Atlantic coast 29–41 days later than adults and used a more diffuse path through the North American coast. The percentage of juvenile photographs collected throughout the study area predicted the percentage of adult photographs 3 years later better than 1 and 2 years later, which is consistent with Wh","PeriodicalId":125764,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Applications","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125509943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duad004
H. Y. Wan, K. McGarigal, J. Ganey, Valentin Lauret, Brad C. Timm, A. Samuel, Cushman
Anthropogenic environmental changes are leading to habitat loss and degradation, driving many species to extinction. In this context, habitat models become increasingly important for effective species management and conservation. However, most habitat studies lack replicated study areas and do not properly address the role of nonstationarity and spatial scales in determining factors that limit species occurrence under different environmental settings. Here we provide an optimized multi-scale framework for analyzing habitat selection of the threatened Mexican Spotted Owl ( Strix occidentalis lucida ) between 2 meta-replicated study areas: the Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico, and the Mogollon Plateau, Arizona. The optimized scales of habitat variables strongly differed between the 2 study areas. Percent cover of mixed-conifer was more strongly associated with the relative likelihood of Mexican Spotted Owl occurrence in the Sacramento Mountains than in the Mogollon Plateau. Topographic covariates strongly explained variance in the habitat model in the Mogollon Plateau, but not in the Sacramento Mountains. Topographically constrained habitat availability may be affecting the relative likelihood of owl occurrence in the Mogollon Plateau, but not in the Sacramento Mountains. In the Sacramento Mountains, suitable habitat and owl distributions show dissimilar spatial autocorrelation patterns, indicating that the relative likelihood of occurrence may be influenced by factors in addition to habitat. Owl distribution shows a periodic spatial pattern, suggesting that the relative likelihood of owl occurrence in the Sacramento Mountains might be influenced by territoriality. Differences in habitat relationships between the 2 study areas suggest that management strategies should be tailored to local conditions. This study underscores the advantage of scale optimization and replicated studies in analyzing nonstationary habitat selection.
人为的环境变化导致栖息地丧失和退化，导致许多物种灭绝。在这种背景下，生境模型对于有效的物种管理和保护变得越来越重要。然而，大多数栖息地研究缺乏可复制的研究区域，并且没有适当地解决非平稳性和空间尺度在决定不同环境条件下物种发生限制因素中的作用。本文提出了一个优化的多尺度框架，用于分析新墨西哥州萨克拉门托山脉和亚利桑那州莫戈隆高原2个meta-重复研究区域中濒危墨西哥斑点猫头鹰(Strix occidentalis lucida)的栖息地选择。2个研究区的生境变量优化尺度差异较大。在萨克拉门托山脉，混合针叶树的覆盖率与墨西哥斑点猫头鹰发生的相对可能性的关系比在莫高伦高原更强。地形协变量能很好地解释莫高伦高原生境模式的差异，但不能解释萨克拉门托山脉生境模式的差异。地形限制的栖息地可用性可能会影响莫戈伦高原猫头鹰出现的相对可能性，但在萨克拉门托山脉没有。在萨克拉门托山区，适宜生境和猫头鹰分布表现出不同的空间自相关模式，表明发生的相对可能性可能受到生境以外的其他因素的影响。猫头鹰的分布呈现出周期性的空间格局，表明在萨克拉门托山脉猫头鹰出现的相对可能性可能受到领土性的影响。两个研究区的生境关系差异表明，管理策略应因地制宜。该研究强调了尺度优化和重复研究在分析非平稳生境选择中的优势。
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Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duad010
Mark Kerstens, J. Rivers
ABSTRACT Woodpeckers often reflect rapid changes to forest health and serve as indicator species to help guide forest management decisions. The Black-backed Woodpecker (Picoides arcticus) is known for its strong association with recently burned forests and is a species of conservation concern due to habitat loss stemming from post-fire management of burned forest. Several studies have found the Black-backed Woodpecker occupying extensive areas of unburned (i.e., green) forests in the western part of its range during the breeding season, raising questions about whether green forests can support viable nesting populations in this region. We studied breeding Black-backed Woodpeckers in southern Oregon, USA to evaluate whether 2 vital rates critical to population recruitment—nest survival and post-fledging survival—differed between green and burned forests. During 2018, 2019, and 2021, we monitored 91 Black-backed Woodpecker nests (n = 34 in green forest, n = 57 in burned forest) and found that neither daily nest survival rate nor reproductive output (i.e., the number of fledglings per successful nest) differed between nests located in green and burned forest; however, nestling body condition was slightly enhanced in green forest. We also quantified survival of recently fledged individuals using VHF radio telemetry and found that the survival rate of birds in green forest was nearly identical to those in burned forest, with most mortalities occurring within 4 weeks of fledging. Our results indicate that Black-backed Woodpeckers in green forests were equally successful at breeding as conspecifics in recently burned forest, although densities of nesting pairs in green forest were lower than those in burned forest. Our findings indicate certain types of green forest, particularly mature lodgepole pine, can support viable populations of the Black-backed Woodpecker in the western portion of its range. This finding has conservation implications given that green forest occupies much of the forested landscape in this region and is often juxtaposed to areas subjected to high severity fire. Therefore, practices that promote pyrodiversity—landscape-level spatial and temporal variability in fire effects—as well as connectivity between green and burned forest within fire-prone landscapes are likely to provide the greatest conservation benefit for this species. How to Cite Kerstens, M. E., and J. W. Rivers (2023). Is green the new black? Black-backed Woodpecker vital rates do not differ between unburned and burned forests within a pyrodiverse landscape. Ornithological Applications 125:duad010. LAY SUMMARY • The Black-backed Woodpecker (Picoides arcticus) is typically found breeding within recently burned forests in the western United States. • Two recent studies found this species in unburned, green forests during the breeding season, suggesting such forests might hold self-sustaining populations. • Our research found that two components of breeding success—nest s
啄木鸟经常反映森林健康状况的快速变化，是指导森林管理决策的指示物种。黑背啄木鸟(Picoides arcticus)以其与最近被烧毁的森林的密切联系而闻名，由于火灾后被烧毁的森林管理导致栖息地丧失，因此是一种受到保护关注的物种。几项研究发现，在繁殖季节，黑背啄木鸟占据了其活动范围西部大片未燃烧的(即绿色)森林，这就提出了绿色森林是否能支持该地区可行的筑巢种群的问题。我们在美国俄勒冈州南部研究了黑背啄木鸟的繁殖，以评估对种群招募至关重要的两个关键比率-巢存活率和羽化后存活率-在绿色森林和燃烧森林之间是否存在差异。在2018年、2019年和2021年期间，我们监测了91个黑背啄木鸟巢穴(绿色森林中n = 34，烧毁森林中n = 57)，发现绿色森林和烧毁森林中的巢穴每日存活率和繁殖产量(即每个成功巢穴的雏鸟数量)都没有差异;而绿林对雏鸟的身体状况略有改善。我们还利用甚高频无线电遥测技术量化了刚羽化的个体的存活率，发现绿色森林中的鸟类存活率与燃烧森林中的鸟类几乎相同，大多数死亡发生在羽化后4周内。研究结果表明，绿林中的黑背啄木鸟在繁殖方面与刚被烧毁的森林中的同种啄木鸟一样成功，尽管绿林中的筑巢对密度低于被烧毁的森林。我们的研究结果表明，某些类型的绿色森林，特别是成熟的黑松，可以在其活动范围的西部支持黑背啄木鸟的生存种群。这一发现具有保护意义，因为绿色森林占据了该地区的大部分森林景观，并且经常与遭受严重火灾的地区并列。因此，促进火灾多样性(火灾效应的景观级时空变异性)以及易火景观中绿色森林和烧毁森林之间的连通性的做法可能为该物种提供最大的保护效益。如何引用Kerstens, M. E.和J. W. Rivers(2023)。绿色是新的黑色吗?黑背啄木鸟的生长率在未燃烧的森林和燃烧过的森林中没有差别。鸟类学应用[j];摘要:黑背啄木鸟(Picoides arcticus)通常在美国西部最近被烧毁的森林中繁殖。•最近的两项研究发现，在繁殖季节，这种物种生活在未燃烧的绿色森林中，这表明这样的森林可能拥有自我维持的种群。•我们的研究发现，在美国俄勒冈州南部的绿色森林和烧毁的森林中筑巢的鸟类，繁殖成功的两个组成部分——巢存活率和雏鸟从巢中羽化后的存活率没有区别。•我们的研究结果表明，某些绿色森林，如成熟的黑背啄木鸟，是黑背啄木鸟养育后代的合适区域，它们可能在保护工作中发挥重要作用，旨在维持黑背啄木鸟在其活动范围西部的种群数量。RESUMEN Los pájaros carpinteros a menudo reflejan cambios rápidos en la salud del boque通过指定的como species indicadoras para ayudar和guar decisiones de manejo foreal。特别要注意的是，这些小蝌蚪和小蝌蚪和小蝌蚪在一起的时间为asociación，这些小蝌蚪和小蝌蚪在一起的时间为conservación，这些小蝌蚪和小蝌蚪在一起的时间为hábitat，这些小蝌蚪和小蝌蚪在一起。不同的研究对象，如北极大蠊，占领了广大地区，áreas de bosques no quemados(即，verdes)，西方的研究对象，área de distribución durante la temporada reproductiva，和其他研究对象，如巴西的bosques verdes和巴西的albergar poblaciones, anidación viables en esta región。Estudiamos la reproducción de p.a arcticus en el sur de Oregón, eeu, para evaluevalues es índices vitales críticos para el reclamiento poblacional (vervivencia del nido, vervivencia posterior al emplumiento) diferían entre los bosques verdes y los quemados。2018年、2019年至2021年期间，监测91只北极斑蝽(n = 34只狒狒，n = 57只狒狒)，监测它们的繁殖情况(即número狒狒的繁殖情况)difirió监测它们的繁殖情况;新禁运，la condición下士de los polluelos mejoró立法机构在el bosque verde。
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Pub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duad009
Alejandro López-García, J. I. Aguirre
ABSTRACT Human-induced environmental changes are the main drivers of the ongoing redistribution of biodiversity. The millions of tons of organic waste that is added daily to landfills can increase the carrying capacity of ecological systems with direct effects on species' population sizes and/or distributions. Understanding the effect of landfills on bird distribution is essential to assess management decisions. Our aim was to determine the role of landfills in the distribution of the breeding population of White Storks (Ciconia ciconia) in the last 4 decades. For that purpose, we used historical and current census data of breeding pairs before and after landfill exploitation. In this study, we found that landfills have altered the distribution of the breeding population over the last 4 decades in the province of Madrid, Spain. We found that birds occupied new nesting sites near landfills independently of habitat quality as defined by prey abundance and quality according to the previous studies. Nest density was higher near landfills and increased after the landfills began to be utilized by this species. Population growth and extremely high breeding densities may translate into conflicts with humans, particularly when new nesting sites are in urban areas, and possibly alter the perception of this bird species by the human population. Landfill closures, mandated by the European Landfill legislation, are an opportunity to reduce the effects of landfills on animal populations, and reduce human–wildlife conflicts. However, there must be a process of transition and a preliminary evaluation of habitat quality and suitability in the region to avoid a dramatic decline of the White Stork population. How to Cite López-García, A., and J. I. Aguirre (2023). White Storks nest at high densities near landfills changing stork nesting distributions in the last 4 decades in Central Spain. Ornithological Applications 125:duad009. LAY SUMMARY Landfills attract wildlife in high numbers since they are an abundant and predictable anthropogenic food source. This may have an impact on species' population sizes and/or distributions and an increase human–wildlife conflicts. We use historical and current data from the breeding population census in the Madrid region to assess changes in the population distribution of White Storks in the last 4 decades. Density of nests increased near landfills after White Storks started exploiting these facilities. In addition, breeding pairs occupied good-quality habitats and urban areas near landfills from 1984 to 2004, sifting to sub-optimal areas closer to the landfills in the later years. Landfill's closure can be an opportunity to reduce the health, security and safety risks of this facilities for birds and return to former population size numbers. However, this change on landfill management needs to be a gradual process and we recover and manage suitable habitats. RESUMEN Los cambios inducidos por los seres humanos son los principales
人类活动引起的环境变化是生物多样性重新分配的主要驱动力。每天被添加到垃圾填埋场的数百万吨有机废物可以增加生态系统的承载能力，对物种的种群规模和/或分布产生直接影响。了解垃圾填埋场对鸟类分布的影响对评估管理决策至关重要。我们的目的是确定垃圾填埋场在过去40年白鹳(Ciconia Ciconia)繁殖种群分布中的作用。为此，我们使用了填埋场开发前后养殖对的历史和当前普查数据。在这项研究中，我们发现在过去的40年里，垃圾填埋场改变了西班牙马德里省繁殖种群的分布。我们发现，根据以往的研究，鸟类在垃圾填埋场附近占据新的筑巢地点，而不依赖于猎物丰度和质量定义的栖息地质量。巢密度在垃圾填埋场附近较高，在垃圾填埋场开始被该物种利用后巢密度增加。人口增长和极高的繁殖密度可能会导致与人类的冲突，特别是当新的筑巢地点在城市地区时，这可能会改变人类对这种鸟类的看法。根据欧洲垃圾填埋法的规定，关闭垃圾填埋场是一个减少垃圾填埋场对动物种群影响、减少人类与野生动物冲突的机会。然而，必须有一个过渡的过程，并对该地区的栖息地质量和适宜性进行初步评估，以避免白鹳数量的急剧下降。如何引用López-García, A, J. I. Aguirre(2023)。在过去的40年里，白鹳在垃圾填埋场附近高密度筑巢，改变了西班牙中部白鹳筑巢的分布。鸟类学应用[j]; 2009。垃圾填埋场吸引了大量的野生动物，因为它们是丰富和可预测的人为食物来源。这可能会对物种的种群规模和/或分布产生影响，并增加人类与野生动物的冲突。我们利用马德里地区繁殖种群普查的历史和当前数据来评估过去40年来白鹳种群分布的变化。白鹳开始利用这些设施后，垃圾填埋场附近的巢穴密度增加了。此外，繁殖对在1984 - 2004年占据了良好的栖息地和垃圾填埋场附近的城市区域，在后期筛选到靠近垃圾填埋场的次优区域。垃圾填埋场的关闭是一个机会，可以减少这些设施对鸟类的健康、安全和安全风险，并使其恢复到以前的种群规模。然而，这种堆填区管理的改变需要一个渐进的过程，我们需要恢复和管理合适的生境。resume . Los cambios inducidos polos seres humanos sonlos principales factores subyacentes de la redistribución de la biodiversidad。米隆de toneladas de手工器质性dispuesta diariamente在洛杉矶vertederos测试desembocar en联合国incremento de la capacidad carga de los ecosistemas con repercusiones directas en el tamano y / o distribucion de la poblacion。综合评价系统对动物种群的影响(distribución)是对动物种群决策(gestión)的重要评价。新目标确定的电子纸de los verderos en la distribución de la población replictora de cigüeñas blancas (Ciconia Ciconia) en las últimas cuatro dsamada。Para este fin usamos datos de censos históricos通过生殖系统的实际情况，通过despusamas de la explotación de los verderos。在este estustudio，他的工作是与其他的工作人员一起工作，distribución de la población生殖系统，cigüeña白色生殖系统，以及大型的工作，últimas马德里省的数据采集，España。Encontramos que las as已经占领了新情况cría, cerca de los verderos independence de la calidad del hábitat，定义了贫穷和富裕的calidad del alimento。La densidad de los nidos fufuymayor cerca de los verderos by se incrementó trisel uso del verdero ppartte de esta especien La región。El crecimiento poblacional y la extremadamente分类densidad de pareja reproductoras喝水dar卢格conflictos con洛赛里斯humanos,尤其是cuando las nueva带de cria se localizan en地区乌尔班纳y posiblemente cambie percepcion de las角色,especie。El cierre de vertederos tras la implementación强制性de la legislación欧洲soerbre vertederos是一个机会，通过减少潜在的负面影响，通过减少动物的潜在影响，通过减少人类的冲突，通过减少动物的潜在影响，从而减少动物的潜在影响。 然而，必须有一个过渡过程，并事先评估该地区的栖息地质量和适宜性，以避免白鹳数量的急剧下降。
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Pub Date : 2023-03-10DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duad008
Jordan M Thompson, B. Uher-Koch, Bryant Daniels, J. Schmutz, Benjamin S. Sedinger
ABSTRACT The reproductive ecology of geese that breed in the Arctic and subarctic is likely susceptible to the effects of climate change, which is projected to alter the environmental conditions of northern latitudes. Nest survival is an important component of productivity in geese; however, the effects of regional environmental conditions on nest survival are not well understood for some species, including the Emperor Goose (Anser canagicus), a species of conservation concern that is endemic to the Bering Sea region. We estimated nest survival and examined how indices of regional environmental conditions, nest traits (nest age, initiation date, and maximum number of eggs in the nest), and researcher disturbance influenced daily survival probability (DSP) of Emperor Goose nests using hierarchical models and 24 years of nest monitoring data (1994–2017) from the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta (Y–K Delta) in western Alaska. Our results indicate that overall nest survival was generally high (µ = 0.766, 95% CRI: 0.655–0.849) and ranged from 0.327 (95% CRI: 0.176–0.482) in 2013 to 0.905 (95% CRI: 0.839–0.953) in 1995. We found that DSPs of nests were influenced by nest traits, negatively influenced by major tidal flooding events and by researcher disturbance, but were not influenced by regional indices of spring timing, temperature and precipitation during nesting, or fox and vole abundance on the Y–K Delta. However, the number of nests found each year was negatively related to our index of fox abundance, suggesting nests that failed as a result of fox predation may have never been discovered due to our limited nest-searching efforts during egg laying. Our results suggest that regional environmental variation had minimal influence on the nest survival of Emperor Geese, although major flooding events were important. Nevertheless, we suspect that within-year variation in local weather conditions and local abundance of predators and alternative prey may be important and should be considered in future studies. How to Cite Thompson, J. M., B. D. Uher-Koch, B. L. Daniels, J. A. Schmutz, and B. S. Sedinger (2023). Nest traits and major flooding events influence the nest survival of Emperor Geese while regional environmental variation linked to climate does not. Ornithological Applications 125:duad008. LAY SUMMARY Due to projected changes in environmental conditions of northern latitudes, the reproductive ecology of geese that breed in the Arctic and subarctic is likely susceptible to the effects of climate change. No previous studies have examined the effects of regional environmental conditions on the nest survival of Emperor Geese (Anser canagicus), a species of conservation concern endemic to the Bering Sea region. We estimated the nest survival of Emperor Geese on the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta in Alaska and quantified the effects of regional environmental variation and nest traits (nest age, nest initiation date, and number of eggs in the nest) on nest survival. Our r
{"title":"Nest traits and major flooding events influence nest survival of Emperor Geese while regional environmental variation linked to climate does not","authors":"Jordan M Thompson, B. Uher-Koch, Bryant Daniels, J. Schmutz, Benjamin S. Sedinger","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duad008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duad008","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The reproductive ecology of geese that breed in the Arctic and subarctic is likely susceptible to the effects of climate change, which is projected to alter the environmental conditions of northern latitudes. Nest survival is an important component of productivity in geese; however, the effects of regional environmental conditions on nest survival are not well understood for some species, including the Emperor Goose (Anser canagicus), a species of conservation concern that is endemic to the Bering Sea region. We estimated nest survival and examined how indices of regional environmental conditions, nest traits (nest age, initiation date, and maximum number of eggs in the nest), and researcher disturbance influenced daily survival probability (DSP) of Emperor Goose nests using hierarchical models and 24 years of nest monitoring data (1994–2017) from the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta (Y–K Delta) in western Alaska. Our results indicate that overall nest survival was generally high (µ = 0.766, 95% CRI: 0.655–0.849) and ranged from 0.327 (95% CRI: 0.176–0.482) in 2013 to 0.905 (95% CRI: 0.839–0.953) in 1995. We found that DSPs of nests were influenced by nest traits, negatively influenced by major tidal flooding events and by researcher disturbance, but were not influenced by regional indices of spring timing, temperature and precipitation during nesting, or fox and vole abundance on the Y–K Delta. However, the number of nests found each year was negatively related to our index of fox abundance, suggesting nests that failed as a result of fox predation may have never been discovered due to our limited nest-searching efforts during egg laying. Our results suggest that regional environmental variation had minimal influence on the nest survival of Emperor Geese, although major flooding events were important. Nevertheless, we suspect that within-year variation in local weather conditions and local abundance of predators and alternative prey may be important and should be considered in future studies. How to Cite Thompson, J. M., B. D. Uher-Koch, B. L. Daniels, J. A. Schmutz, and B. S. Sedinger (2023). Nest traits and major flooding events influence the nest survival of Emperor Geese while regional environmental variation linked to climate does not. Ornithological Applications 125:duad008. LAY SUMMARY Due to projected changes in environmental conditions of northern latitudes, the reproductive ecology of geese that breed in the Arctic and subarctic is likely susceptible to the effects of climate change. No previous studies have examined the effects of regional environmental conditions on the nest survival of Emperor Geese (Anser canagicus), a species of conservation concern endemic to the Bering Sea region. We estimated the nest survival of Emperor Geese on the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta in Alaska and quantified the effects of regional environmental variation and nest traits (nest age, nest initiation date, and number of eggs in the nest) on nest survival. Our r","PeriodicalId":125764,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132748941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duad005
R. L. Emmet, T. J. Benson, M. L. Allen, Kirk W. Stodola
ABSTRACT Bird populations have declined across North America over the past several decades. Bird monitoring programs are essential for monitoring populations, but often must strike a balance between efficiency of data collection and spatial biases. Species- or habitat-specialist-specific monitoring programs may be helpful for increasing efficiency of sampling and understanding effects of management actions, but may be subject to preferential sampling bias if they are used to assess large-scale occupancy or abundance and monitoring is largely focused in high-quality habitat. More general monitoring programs, such as the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) and eBird, may not preferentially sample specialists' habitats but are subject to other forms of bias and often do not efficiently sample specialists' habitats. We used an integrated occupancy model combining data from eBird, BBS, and Illinois state surveys of upland game bird habitat areas to estimate drivers of Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and Ring-Necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) occupancy and compare inference from single-visit, multi-visit, and integrated monitoring programs. We fit sets of candidate models using every combination of the 3 datasets except for eBird by itself, to better understand how differences in spatial biases between programs affect ecological inference. We found that, for both bobwhite and pheasant, state surveys of upland habitat increased the predictive ability of models, and BBS data usually improved inference on occupancy parameters when it was integrated with other data sources. Integrating multiple data sources partially resolved the spatial gaps in each monitoring program, while also increasing precision of parameter estimates. Integrated models may be capable of combining the higher sampling efficiency of targeted monitoring programs with the more even spatial coverage of broad-scale monitoring programs. How to Cite Emmet, R. L., T. J. Benson, M. L. Allen, and K. W. Stodola (2023). Integrating multiple data sources improves prediction and inference for upland game bird occupancy models. Ornithological Applications 125:duad005. LAY SUMMARY Many types of surveys are used to track bird populations. Surveys can be designed to detect a broad range of species but may be inefficient at detecting species in rare habitats. Targeted surveys for these species, however, can be biased toward high-quality habitats, making it hard to extrapolate the results. We combined data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) and eBird with a targeted survey to estimate habitat use of Northern Bobwhite and Ring-Necked Pheasant in Illinois. We documented the efficiency and overlap of these surveys. We found that adding BBS to targeted surveys reduced uncertainty in estimates of habitat use. Targeted surveys alone failed to sample all available habitats in Illinois, while BBS data alone did not predict habitat use as well. • Combining data from multiple surv
在过去的几十年里，整个北美的鸟类数量都在下降。鸟类监测项目对监测种群至关重要，但通常必须在数据收集效率和空间偏差之间取得平衡。特定于物种或栖息地的监测方案可能有助于提高采样效率和了解管理措施的效果，但如果它们用于评估大规模的占用或丰度，并且监测主要集中在高质量的栖息地，则可能受到抽样偏好的影响。更一般的监测项目，如北美繁殖鸟类调查(BBS)和eBird，可能不会优先对专家的栖息地进行采样，但会受到其他形式的偏见的影响，通常不能有效地对专家的栖息地进行采样。本研究采用综合占用模型，结合eBird、BBS和伊利诺斯州对高原野禽栖息地的调查数据，估算了北山齿鹑(Colinus virginianus)和环颈雉(Phasianus colchicus)占用的驱动因素，并比较了单次访问、多次访问和综合监测方案的推断结果。为了更好地理解程序之间的空间偏差差异如何影响生态推断，我们使用除了eBird本身之外的3个数据集的每一个组合来拟合候选模型集。研究发现，山地白齿鹑和野鸡的状态调查均提高了模型的预测能力，而BBS数据与其他数据源相结合，通常可以提高模型对占用参数的推断能力。整合多个数据源部分解决了每个监测方案的空间差距，同时也提高了参数估计的精度。综合模型可以将目标监测方案较高的采样效率与大尺度监测方案更均匀的空间覆盖相结合。《如何引用埃米特》，r.l.， t.j.本森，m.l.艾伦，k.w.斯托多拉(2023)。整合多个数据源提高了高原野禽占用模型的预测和推理能力。鸟类应用[j]; 2005。许多类型的调查被用来追踪鸟类的数量。调查可以被设计用来检测大范围的物种，但在检测稀有栖息地的物种方面可能效率低下。然而，对这些物种的有针对性的调查可能偏向于高质量的栖息地，这使得很难推断结果。结合北美鸟类调查(BBS)和eBird的数据，对伊利诺伊州北部山齿鹑和环颈雉的栖息地利用情况进行了有针对性的调查。我们记录了这些调查的效率和重叠。我们发现，在有针对性的调查中加入BBS减少了栖息地使用估计的不确定性。单独的针对性调查无法对伊利诺伊州所有可用的栖息地进行抽样，而单独的BBS数据也无法预测栖息地的使用情况。•结合多个调查的数据可以填补单个调查的空白，减少栖息地使用估计的不确定性。RESUMEN Las poblaciones de鸟类汉disminuido del Norte杜兰特在美国拉斯维加斯的创世纪decadas。这些方案的监测工作包括:基本监测工作、准监测工作、准监测工作、准监测工作、准监测工作和均衡工作、准监测工作、准监测工作、准监测工作、准监测工作、准监测工作、准监测工作和准监测工作。洛杉矶下de monitoreo especificos de especies o de especialistas de生境含量ser util对位aumentar la eficiencia del muestreo y comprender洛对de las accion de控制,佩罗会sujetos联合国sesgo de muestreo优惠如果se usan对位evaluar la ocupacion o abundancia格兰escala y si el monitoreo se enfoca血管疾病在洛杉矶de alta calidad栖息地。<s:1>一般情况监测方案(<s:1>一般情况监测方案)、<s:1>一般情况监测方案(<s:1>一般情况监测方案)、<s:1>一般情况监测方案(<s:1>一般情况监测方案)、<s:1>一般情况监测方案(<s:1>一般情况监测方案)、《特别情况监测方案》、《特别情况监测方案》、《特别情况监测方案》、《特别情况监测方案》、《特别情况监测方案》、《特别情况监测方案》、《特别情况监测方案》、《特别情况监测方案》和《特别情况监测方案》。美国伊利诺斯州的研究人员通过收集鸟类的数据，建立了ocupación整合模型，建立了数据库áreas和hábitat，建立了数据库，建立了数据库，建立了数据库，建立了数据库，建立了数据库，建立了数据库，建立了数据库，建立了数据库，建立了数据库，建立了数据库，建立了数据库，建立了数据库，建立了数据库，建立了数据库，建立了数据库，建立了数据库，建立了数据库，建立了数据库，建立了数据库，建立了数据库，建立了数据库，建立了数据库，建立了数据库，建立了数据库，建立了数据库，建立了数据库，建立了数据库。Ajustamos varios sets de modelos candidatos utilizanddo cada combinación delos tipos de datos，除了para eBird por sí mismo, para comder major cómo由于不同的sesgos空间和不同的程序影响了la interencia ecológica。对C.维吉尼亚尼亚人来说，这是一件很有趣的事。 colchicus、州高地生境普查提高了模型的预测能力，BBS数据与其他数据源集成时，一般改善了对占用参数的推断。多个数据源的集成部分解决了每个监测程序中的空间空白，同时提高了参数估计的准确性。综合模型可以将特定监测方案较高的采样效率与更统一的大规模监测方案的空间覆盖结合起来。
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Pub Date : 2023-02-21DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duad007
A. Olah, C. Ribic, Kim Grveles, Sarah Warner, Davin Lopez, A. Pidgeon
ABSTRACT The Kirtland's Warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii) is a formerly endangered habitat specialist that breeds mainly in young jack pine (Pinus banksiana) forests in northern Lower Michigan, USA. The species is conservation-reliant and depends on habitat management. Management actions have primarily focused on creating jack pine plantations, but the species also breeds in red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantations in central Wisconsin, USA. However, the plantations were not intended as breeding habitat and have suboptimal pine densities. While nesting success is similar between low-density red pine plantations and optimal jack pine habitat, it is not clear if low-density red pine plantations support high fledging survival. If high-quality nesting and post-fledging habitat are not synonymous, fledgling survival and breeding population recruitment may be low. We characterized survival, habitat use, and movement patterns of dependent Kirtland's Warbler fledglings in Wisconsin red pine plantations and compared fledgling survival between Wisconsin and Michigan. Mayfield cumulative survival estimates at 30 days post-fledging were 0.20 for Wisconsin fledglings and 0.43–0.78 for Michigan fledglings. Logistic exposure cumulative survival estimates for Wisconsin fledglings were 0.23–0.34 at 30 days post-fledging. Fledglings in Wisconsin used areas where vegetation cover and density of red and jack pine were high relative to available areas but not at greater proportions than what was available. Our findings demonstrate that red pine plantations with low pine densities were not equally suitable as nesting and post-fledging habitat, as fledgling survival rates were low. We hypothesize that reduced habitat structure, and not particular pine species, likely contributed to reduced fledgling survival in Wisconsin. Thus, we recommend including red pine as a component in managed Kirtland's Warbler habitat only if tree densities approach optimal levels. How to Cite Olah, A., C. A. Ribic, K. Grveles, S. Warner, D. Lopez, and A. M. Pidgeon (2023). Low Kirtland's Warbler fledgling survival in Wisconsin plantations relative to Michigan plantations. Ornithological Applications 125:duad007. LAY SUMMARY Kirtland's Warblers historically nested in young jack pine forests in Michigan, USA. Habitat loss and brood parasitism led to species decline and designation as Federally Endangered. Following management, numbers increased, and they were Federally delisted in 2019 by US Fish and Wildlife Service. They expanded into Wisconsin (∼450 km west of Michigan) where they nest in young red pine plantations. Even at low red pine densities, nest success is like that in jack pine, but the influence on fledgling survival is unclear. We observed fledglings after they left the nest to study their survival and habitat use. We found that fledglings in Wisconsin red pine had lower survival than in Michigan jack pine, and used areas of high pine and vegetation density. Management actions should fo
{"title":"Low Kirtland's Warbler fledgling survival in Wisconsin plantations relative to Michigan plantations","authors":"A. Olah, C. Ribic, Kim Grveles, Sarah Warner, Davin Lopez, A. Pidgeon","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duad007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duad007","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Kirtland's Warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii) is a formerly endangered habitat specialist that breeds mainly in young jack pine (Pinus banksiana) forests in northern Lower Michigan, USA. The species is conservation-reliant and depends on habitat management. Management actions have primarily focused on creating jack pine plantations, but the species also breeds in red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantations in central Wisconsin, USA. However, the plantations were not intended as breeding habitat and have suboptimal pine densities. While nesting success is similar between low-density red pine plantations and optimal jack pine habitat, it is not clear if low-density red pine plantations support high fledging survival. If high-quality nesting and post-fledging habitat are not synonymous, fledgling survival and breeding population recruitment may be low. We characterized survival, habitat use, and movement patterns of dependent Kirtland's Warbler fledglings in Wisconsin red pine plantations and compared fledgling survival between Wisconsin and Michigan. Mayfield cumulative survival estimates at 30 days post-fledging were 0.20 for Wisconsin fledglings and 0.43–0.78 for Michigan fledglings. Logistic exposure cumulative survival estimates for Wisconsin fledglings were 0.23–0.34 at 30 days post-fledging. Fledglings in Wisconsin used areas where vegetation cover and density of red and jack pine were high relative to available areas but not at greater proportions than what was available. Our findings demonstrate that red pine plantations with low pine densities were not equally suitable as nesting and post-fledging habitat, as fledgling survival rates were low. We hypothesize that reduced habitat structure, and not particular pine species, likely contributed to reduced fledgling survival in Wisconsin. Thus, we recommend including red pine as a component in managed Kirtland's Warbler habitat only if tree densities approach optimal levels. How to Cite Olah, A., C. A. Ribic, K. Grveles, S. Warner, D. Lopez, and A. M. Pidgeon (2023). Low Kirtland's Warbler fledgling survival in Wisconsin plantations relative to Michigan plantations. Ornithological Applications 125:duad007. LAY SUMMARY Kirtland's Warblers historically nested in young jack pine forests in Michigan, USA. Habitat loss and brood parasitism led to species decline and designation as Federally Endangered. Following management, numbers increased, and they were Federally delisted in 2019 by US Fish and Wildlife Service. They expanded into Wisconsin (∼450 km west of Michigan) where they nest in young red pine plantations. Even at low red pine densities, nest success is like that in jack pine, but the influence on fledgling survival is unclear. We observed fledglings after they left the nest to study their survival and habitat use. We found that fledglings in Wisconsin red pine had lower survival than in Michigan jack pine, and used areas of high pine and vegetation density. Management actions should fo","PeriodicalId":125764,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Applications","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124947040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-08DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duad003
Paul A. Smith, Adam C. Smith, B. Andres, C. Francis, B. Harrington, Christian Friis, R. Morrison, J. Paquet, B. Winn, Stephen Brown
ABSTRACT Shorebirds are declining to a greater extent than many other avian taxa around the world. In North America, shorebirds, along with aerial insectivores and grassland birds, have some of the highest proportions of declining species of any group. Here, we apply a new hierarchical Bayesian model to analyze shorebird migration monitoring data from across North America, from 1980 to 2019, and present the most recent available estimates of trends for 28 species. Point estimates for survey-wide trends in abundance were negative for 26 of 28 species (93%). Despite challenges with low precision associated with migration count data, trends for 19 species had 95% credible intervals that were entirely negative. More than half of the species were estimated to have lost >50% of their abundance. Furthermore, estimated rates of decline have accelerated during the last three generations for most species. Point estimates of trend were more negative for 18 species (64%) during the most recent three-generation period in comparison to the previous three-generation period. Many species now exceed international criteria for threatened species listing. The analytic approach used here allows us to model regional variation in trends, although survey coverage and strength of inference were greatest in the eastern portions of North America (east of 100°W). We found the greatest declines at staging sites along the Atlantic Coast from North Carolina to Nova Scotia, and lesser declines along the Gulf Coast and in the midcontinental United States. The declines in shorebird populations reported here are worrisome and signal the urgent need for conservation action. In addition, it would be beneficial to validate these results through the collection and analysis of complementary data, and to initiate demographic studies throughout the annual cycle to determine where and when declines are most likely to originate. This improved information will allow for the development of more targeted efforts to reverse declines through conservation action. How to Cite Smith, P. A., A. C. Smith, B. Andres, C. M. Francis, B. Harrington, C. Friis, R. I. G. Morrison, J. Paquet, B. Winn, and S. Brown (2023). Accelerating declines of North America's shorebirds signal the need for urgent conservation action. Ornithological Applications 125:duad003. LAY SUMMARY Surveys of North American shorebirds during fall migration, carried out largely by volunteers, are used to monitor trends in the abundance of their populations. Between 1980 and 2019, 26 of the 28 shorebird species analyzed were found to be declining with more than half of the species losing more than half of their abundance. Declines were greatest along the Atlantic coast from Nova Scotia to North Carolina, and less severe along the Gulf coast and in the Midcontinent. Declines are worsening in recent years. These large and accelerating declines mean that many species now exceed international criteria for threatened species listing. Urgen
与世界上许多其他鸟类分类群相比，滨鸟的数量正在急剧减少。在北美，滨鸟、空中食虫鸟和草原鸟是所有种群中数量下降比例最高的。在这里，我们应用一种新的分层贝叶斯模型来分析1980年至2019年北美各地的滨鸟迁徙监测数据，并给出了28种物种的最新趋势估计。28个物种中有26个(93%)的丰度趋势点估值为负。尽管与迁移计数数据相关的精度较低，但19种物种的趋势有95%的可信区间完全为负。据估计，超过一半的物种数量已经减少了50%。此外，在过去的三代中，大多数物种的估计下降速度加快了。与前3代相比，最近3代有18种(64%)的趋势点估值更负。许多物种现在已经超过了濒危物种的国际标准。这里使用的分析方法使我们能够模拟趋势的区域变化，尽管北美东部(西经100°以东)的调查覆盖范围和推断强度最大。我们发现，从北卡罗来纳州到新斯科舍省的大西洋沿岸的集散地下降幅度最大，墨西哥湾沿岸和美国大陆中部的下降幅度较小。这里报告的滨鸟数量下降令人担忧，表明迫切需要采取保护行动。此外，通过收集和分析补充数据来证实这些结果，并在整个年度周期内开展人口研究，以确定最可能开始下降的地点和时间，将是有益的。这一改进后的信息将有助于开展更有针对性的努力，通过保护行动扭转种群数量下降的趋势。《如何引用史密斯》，P. A. C.史密斯，B.安德烈斯，C. M.弗朗西斯，B.哈林顿，C.弗里斯，R. G.莫里森，J.帕奎特，B.温，S.布朗(2023)。北美滨鸟数量的加速下降表明需要采取紧急保护行动。鸟类学应用[j];主要由志愿者对秋季迁徙期间的北美滨鸟进行调查，以监测其种群数量的变化趋势。在1980年至2019年期间，分析的28种滨鸟中有26种正在减少，其中一半以上的物种失去了一半以上的丰度。从新斯科舍省到北卡罗来纳州的大西洋沿岸下降幅度最大，墨西哥湾沿岸和中部大陆的下降幅度较小。近年来，下降趋势正在加剧。这些大规模且加速的下降意味着许多物种现在超过了濒危物种名单的国际标准。需要采取紧急保护行动来减缓并最终扭转下降趋势。有针对性的研究，特别是对全年生存的研究，可以帮助确定滨鸟受到最强烈影响的地方，这样保护注意力就可以集中在最需要的地方。RESUMEN Las aves playeras están disminuyendo en mayor medida que que许多其他类型的媒体已经为世界所接受。在美国北部，所有的玩家，所有的玩家，所有的人，所有的人，所有的人，所有的人，所有的人，所有的人，所有的人，所有的人，所有的人，所有的人，所有的人，所有的人，所有的人，所有的人，所有的人，所有的人，所有的人，所有的人。Aquí，应用新贝叶斯模型jerárquico平行模拟的数据监测数据migración从1980年到2019年，从1980年到2019年，通过对可分解数据的估计más接收人的趋势，第28段。在26个物种中，有28个物种(93%)在26个物种中被发现。A pesar de los desafíos de la baja precisión asociada A los datos de conteo de las migraciones, las tendencicias第19段介绍了intervalos creíbles de 95% que fueron complete - ente阴性。Se estimó que más de la mitad de las especies habían perdido >50% de su丰度。Además, las tasas estimadas de disminución seelerado durante las últimas treres generaciones para la mayoría de las speciies。Las estimaciones puntuales de tendencia fueron más阴性，第18种(64%)durante el período de treres generaciones más recies en comparación con el período de treres generaciones preiores。许多物种都有自己的国际标准，例如inclusión和其他物种清单。国家统计局analítico利用aquí允许建立variación区域发展趋势模型，根据国家统计局的数据，根据国家统计局的数据，根据国家统计局的数据，根据国家统计局的数据，根据国家统计局的数据，根据国家统计局的数据，根据国家统计局的数据，根据国家统计局的数据，根据国家统计局的数据，根据国家统计局的数据，根据国家统计局的数据，根据国家统计局的数据，根据国家统计局的数据。
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Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duac046
Letícia Soares, Kristina L. Cockle, E. Ruelas Inzunza, J. Ibarra, C. Miño, Santiago Zuluaga, Elisa Bonaccorso, Juan Camilo Ríos-Orjuela, Flavia A. Montaño‐Centellas, J. Freile, M. Echeverry‐Galvis, Eugenia Bianca Bonaparte, L. Diele-Viegas, K. Speziale, Sergio A. Cabrera‐Cruz, Orlando Acevedo‐Charry, E. Velarde, Cecilia Cuatianquiz Lima, V. Ojeda, C. S. Fontana, A. Echeverri, Sergio A. Lambertucci, R. Macedo, A. Esquivel, S. Latta, Irene Ruvalcaba-Ortega, M. A. Alves, D. Santiago‐Alarcon, A. Bodrati, F. González-García, Nestor Fariña, J. Martínez-Gómez, Rubén Ortega‐Álvarez, M. G. Núñez Montellano, C. C. Ribas, C. Bosque, A. D. Di Giacomo, J. I. Areta, Carine Emer, Lourdes Mugica Valdés, Clementina González, María Emilia Rebollo, G. Mangini, C. Lara, J. Pizarro, V. Cueto, Pablo Bolaños-Sittler, J. Ornelas, M. Acosta, Marcos Cenizo, M. Marini, L. Vázquez-Reyes, J. González‐Oreja, L. Bugoni, Martín Quiroga, V. Ferretti, L. Manica, J. Grande, Flor C. Rodriguez‐Gomez, S. Díaz, Nicole Büttner, L. Mentesana, Ma
ABSTRACT A major barrier to advancing ornithology is the systemic exclusion of professionals from the Global South. A recent special feature, Advances in Neotropical Ornithology, and a shortfalls analysis therein, unintentionally followed a long-standing pattern of highlighting individuals, knowledge, and views from the Global North, while largely omitting the perspectives of people based within the Neotropics. Here, we review current strengths and opportunities in the practice of Neotropical ornithology. Further, we discuss problems with assessing the state of Neotropical ornithology through a northern lens, including discovery narratives, incomplete (and biased) understanding of history and advances, and the promotion of agendas that, while currently popular in the north, may not fit the needs and realities of Neotropical research. We argue that future advances in Neotropical ornithology will critically depend on identifying and addressing the systemic barriers that hold back ornithologists who live and work in the Neotropics: unreliable and limited funding, exclusion from international research leadership, restricted dissemination of knowledge (e.g., through language hegemony and citation bias), and logistical barriers. Moving forward, we must examine and acknowledge the colonial roots of our discipline, and explicitly promote anti-colonial agendas for research, training, and conservation. We invite our colleagues within and beyond the Neotropics to join us in creating new models of governance that establish research priorities with vigorous participation of ornithologists and communities within the Neotropical region. To include a diversity of perspectives, we must systemically address discrimination and bias rooted in the socioeconomic class system, anti-Blackness, anti-Brownness, anti-Indigeneity, misogyny, homophobia, tokenism, and ableism. Instead of seeking individual excellence and rewarding top-down leadership, institutions in the North and South can promote collective leadership. In adopting these approaches, we, ornithologists, will join a community of researchers across academia building new paradigms that can reconcile our relationships and transform science. Spanish and Portuguese translations are available in the Supplementary Material. How to Cite Soares, L., K. L. Cockle, E. Ruelas Inzunza, J. T. Ibarra, C. I. Miño, S. Zuluaga, E. Bonaccorso, J. C. Ríos-Orjuela, F. A. Montaño-Centellas, J. F. Freile, et al. (2023). Neotropical ornithology: Reckoning with historical assumptions, removing systemic barriers, and reimagining the future. Ornithological Applications 125:duac046. LAY SUMMARY Research conducted by ornithologists living and working in Latin America and the Caribbean has been historically and systemically excluded from global scientific paradigms, ultimately holding back ornithology as a discipline. To avoid replicating systems of exclusion in ornithology, authors, editors, reviewers, journals, scientific societies, and
发展鸟类学的一个主要障碍是对南半球专业人士的系统性排斥。最近的一篇专题文章《新热带鸟类学进展》及其不足之处的分析，无意中遵循了长期以来强调来自全球北方的个人、知识和观点的模式，而在很大程度上忽略了新热带地区人们的观点。在此，我们回顾了目前新热带鸟类学的优势和机遇。此外，我们还讨论了通过北方视角评估新热带鸟类学状况的问题，包括发现叙述、对历史和进步的不完整(和有偏见的)理解，以及目前在北方流行的议程的推进，这些议程可能不适合新热带研究的需求和现实。我们认为，新热带鸟类学的未来发展将严重依赖于识别和解决阻碍在新热带地区生活和工作的鸟类学家的系统性障碍:不可靠和有限的资金，被排除在国际研究领导之外，知识传播受限(例如，通过语言霸权和引文偏见)，以及后勤障碍。展望未来，我们必须审视和承认我们学科的殖民根源，并明确推动研究、培训和保护的反殖民议程。我们邀请新热带地区内外的同事加入我们，共同创建新的治理模式，在新热带地区鸟类学家和社区的积极参与下，确定研究重点。为了包容多样化的观点，我们必须系统地解决根植于社会经济阶层体系、反黑人、反棕色、反土著、厌女症、恐同症、象征主义和残疾歧视的歧视和偏见。北方和南方的机构可以提倡集体领导，而不是追求个人的卓越和奖励自上而下的领导。在采用这些方法的过程中，我们这些鸟类学家将加入一个由学术界研究人员组成的社区，建立新的范式，以调和我们之间的关系并改变科学。补充材料中有西班牙语和葡萄牙语的翻译。如何引用Soares, L. L. Cockle, E. Ruelas Inzunza, J. T. Ibarra, C. I. Miño, S. Zuluaga, E. Bonaccorso, J. C. Ríos-Orjuela, F. A. Montaño-Centellas, J. F. Freile等(2023)。新热带鸟类学:清算历史假设，消除系统障碍，重新想象未来。鸟类学应用[j];在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区生活和工作的鸟类学家进行的研究在历史上和系统上一直被排除在全球科学范式之外，最终阻碍了鸟类学作为一门学科的发展。为了避免在鸟类学中重复排除系统，作者、编辑、审稿人、期刊、科学学会和研究机构需要打破长期存在的假设，改进研究实践，并改变有关资助和出版的政策。为了促进新热带鸟类学和保护整个美洲的鸟类，机构应该直接投资于基础的野外生物学研究，奖励集体领导，并加强对受当前研究政策影响的人的资助和专业发展机会。简历:unbarrera important para advance de la ornitología es la exclusión s.s.org professionales de Sur Global。1 . colección，特别是artículos出版物，《新热带鸟类学进展》，包括análisis《不了解情况的缺陷》、《不了解情况的缺点》、《不了解情况的缺点》、《不了解情况的缺点》、《不了解情况的缺点》、《不了解情况的缺点》、《不了解情况的缺点》、《不了解情况的缺点》、《不了解情况的缺点》、《不了解情况的缺点》、《不了解情况的缺点》、《不了解情况的缺点》、《不了解情况的缺点》、《不了解情况的缺点》、《不了解情况的缺点》、《不了解情况的缺点》、《不了解情况的缺点》等。Aquí revisamos las fortalezas y opportunities actuales en la práctica de la ornitología neotropical。Además，讨论关于发展中国家的评价问题ornitología新热带国家和发展中国家的发展情况visión新热带国家，包括发展中国家的叙述，发展中国家的想象不完整，发展中国家的发展，发展中国家的发展，发展中国家的人民，发展中国家的实际情况，没有必要的发展，发展中国家的议程，发展中国家的议程，发展中国家的发展，investigación新热带国家。Argumentamos,洛杉矶皇冠无缝en la ornitologia新热带区的dependeran criticamente de要y abordar las deficiencias sistemicas, frenan viven y都是洛ornitologos是en el Neotropico: financiamiento limitado y略confiable,排斥del liderazgo de la investigacion国际队扩散restringida del conocimiento(比如,traves de la hegemonia del语言y de citacion el sesgo) y巴雷拉logisticas。
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Pub Date : 2023-02-04DOI: 10.1093/ornithapp/duad002
H. Y. Wan, K. McGarigal, J. Ganey, Valentin Lauret, Brad C. Timm, A. Samuel, Cushman
Anthropogenic environmental changes are leading to habitat loss and degradation, driving many species to extinction. In this context, habitat models become increasingly important for effective species management and conservation. However, most habitat studies lack replicated study areas and do not properly address the role of nonstationarity and spatial scales in determining factors that limit species occurrence under different environmental settings. Here we provide an optimized multi-scale framework for analyzing habitat selection of the threatened Mexican Spotted Owl ( Strix occidentalis lucida ) between 2 meta-replicated study areas: the Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico, and the Mogollon Plateau, Arizona. The optimized scales of habitat variables strongly differed between the 2 study areas. Percent cover of mixed-conifer was more strongly associated with the relative likelihood of Mexican Spotted Owl occurrence in the Sacramento Mountains than in the Mogollon Plateau. Topographic covariates strongly explained variance in the habitat model in the Mogollon Plateau, but not in the Sacramento Mountains. Topographically constrained habitat availability may be affecting the relative likelihood of owl occurrence in the Mogollon Plateau, but not in the Sacramento Mountains. In the Sacramento Mountains, suitable habitat and owl distributions show dissimilar spatial autocorrelation patterns, indicating that the relative likelihood of occurrence may be influenced by factors in addition to habitat. Owl distribution shows a periodic spatial pattern, suggesting that the relative likelihood of owl occurrence in the Sacramento Mountains might be influenced by territoriality. Differences in habitat relationships between the 2 study areas suggest that management strategies should be tailored to local conditions. This study underscores the advantage of scale optimization and replicated studies in analyzing nonstationary habitat selection.
人为的环境变化导致栖息地丧失和退化，导致许多物种灭绝。在这种背景下，生境模型对于有效的物种管理和保护变得越来越重要。然而，大多数栖息地研究缺乏可复制的研究区域，并且没有适当地解决非平稳性和空间尺度在决定不同环境条件下物种发生限制因素中的作用。本文提出了一个优化的多尺度框架，用于分析新墨西哥州萨克拉门托山脉和亚利桑那州莫戈隆高原2个meta-重复研究区域中濒危墨西哥斑点猫头鹰(Strix occidentalis lucida)的栖息地选择。2个研究区的生境变量优化尺度差异较大。在萨克拉门托山脉，混合针叶树的覆盖率与墨西哥斑点猫头鹰发生的相对可能性的关系比在莫高伦高原更强。地形协变量能很好地解释莫高伦高原生境模式的差异，但不能解释萨克拉门托山脉生境模式的差异。地形限制的栖息地可用性可能会影响莫戈伦高原猫头鹰出现的相对可能性，但在萨克拉门托山脉没有。在萨克拉门托山区，适宜生境和猫头鹰分布表现出不同的空间自相关模式，表明发生的相对可能性可能受到生境以外的其他因素的影响。猫头鹰的分布呈现出周期性的空间格局，表明在萨克拉门托山脉猫头鹰出现的相对可能性可能受到领土性的影响。两个研究区的生境关系差异表明，管理策略应因地制宜。该研究强调了尺度优化和重复研究在分析非平稳生境选择中的优势。
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