Pub Date : 2024-09-18eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/2333794X241273151
Theodore Dassios, Allan Jenkinson, Ravindra Bhat, Anne Greenough
Objectives. The role of race in late preterm respiratory morbidity has not been adequately described. We aimed to determine whether neonatal respiratory morbidity differs between Black and White late preterm infants. Methods. Single-centre retrospective cohort study at King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK of infants born at 34 to <37 weeks of gestational age. The incidence of invasive ventilation was used as the main outcome. Results. In the study period 354 Black and 673 White late preterm infants were admitted. Black, compared to white infants, had a lower incidence of invasive ventilation (19% vs 27%, P < .001) and a lower incidence of non-invasive ventilation (22% vs 34%, P < .001). Black infants had a shorter duration and cost of stay compared to White infants (P = .011 and <0.001 respectively). Conclusion. Black late preterm infants needed less frequently invasive and non-invasive ventilation and had a shorter duration and cost of stay compared to White late preterm infants.
目的。种族在晚期早产儿呼吸系统发病率中的作用尚未得到充分描述。我们旨在确定黑人和白人晚期早产儿的新生儿呼吸系统发病率是否存在差异。方法:单中心回顾性队列研究。在英国伦敦国王学院医院 NHS 基金会信托基金会进行的单中心回顾性队列研究,研究对象为出生日期为 34 到结果为 34 的婴儿。在研究期间,共接收了 354 名黑人和 673 名白人晚期早产儿。与白人婴儿相比,黑人婴儿的侵入性通气发生率较低(19% vs 27%,P P = .011),结论也较低。与白人晚期早产儿相比,黑人晚期早产儿需要侵入性和非侵入性通气的次数更少,住院时间更短,费用更低。
{"title":"Racial Differences in Respiratory Morbidity in Late Preterm Infants: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Theodore Dassios, Allan Jenkinson, Ravindra Bhat, Anne Greenough","doi":"10.1177/2333794X241273151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794X241273151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objectives</i>. The role of race in late preterm respiratory morbidity has not been adequately described. We aimed to determine whether neonatal respiratory morbidity differs between Black and White late preterm infants. <i>Methods</i>. Single-centre retrospective cohort study at King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK of infants born at 34 to <37 weeks of gestational age. The incidence of invasive ventilation was used as the main outcome. <i>Results</i>. In the study period 354 Black and 673 White late preterm infants were admitted. Black, compared to white infants, had a lower incidence of invasive ventilation (19% vs 27%, <i>P</i> < .001) and a lower incidence of non-invasive ventilation (22% vs 34%, <i>P</i> < .001). Black infants had a shorter duration and cost of stay compared to White infants (<i>P</i> = .011 and <0.001 respectively). <i>Conclusion</i>. Black late preterm infants needed less frequently invasive and non-invasive ventilation and had a shorter duration and cost of stay compared to White late preterm infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12576,"journal":{"name":"Global Pediatric Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"2333794X241273151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11425724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/2333794X241277387
Stephen Moreton, Brian J Morris
{"title":"Comment on \"Comparison the Diameter of the Urethral Meatus Before and After Circumcision and Evaluation of Urethral Stenosis\".","authors":"Stephen Moreton, Brian J Morris","doi":"10.1177/2333794X241277387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794X241277387","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12576,"journal":{"name":"Global Pediatric Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"2333794X241277387"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11409283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142283904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/2333794X241280119
Ghada Mansoor Abood, Raid Kareem Dehiol, Hayfaa Mohammed Mones
Objectives. This study aims to determine the prevalence of hemophilia in Thi-Qar, Iraq and study clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with hemophilia. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, data were obtained by reviewing all patient medical records and interviewed with the patients and their parents in 2022. The total number of patients enrolled for this study was 110 children. Results. The prevalence of hemophilia in Thi-Qar was 9.5/100 000 population (18.7/100 000 males). Factor VIII inhibitors were positive in 13.1% of patients with hemophilia A (HA). Target joints were developed among 41.4% and 27.3% of patients with HA and hemophilia B, respectively. Hepatitis C virus was positive in 3% of those with HA. Inhibitors development and arthropathy were more among those with severe disease (22% and 46.3%, respectively). Conclusion. Hemophilia prevalence in Thi-Qar was higher than the total prevalence in Iraq reported by World Federation of Hemophilia in 2022.
研究目的本研究旨在确定伊拉克 Thi-Qar 地区血友病的发病率,并研究血友病患者的临床和人口特征。研究方法。在这项横断面研究中,我们查阅了所有患者的医疗记录,并于 2022 年对患者及其父母进行了访谈,从而获得了相关数据。参加本次研究的患者共有 110 名儿童。研究结果在 Thi-Qar 地区,血友病的发病率为 9.5/100000(男性为 18.7/100000)。13.1%的 A 型血友病(HA)患者体内的因子 VIII 抑制剂呈阳性。分别有 41.4% 和 27.3% 的血友病 A 和血友病 B 患者出现目标关节。3% 的 HA 患者丙型肝炎病毒呈阳性。病情严重的患者中出现抑制剂和关节病的比例更高(分别为 22% 和 46.3%)。结论Thi-Qar 的血友病发病率高于世界血友病联合会 2022 年报告的伊拉克总发病率。
{"title":"Prevalence of Hemophilia and Clinicodemographic Characteristics of Hemophilic Patients Aged ≤ 18 Years in Thi-Qar, Iraq.","authors":"Ghada Mansoor Abood, Raid Kareem Dehiol, Hayfaa Mohammed Mones","doi":"10.1177/2333794X241280119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794X241280119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objectives</i>. This study aims to determine the prevalence of hemophilia in Thi-Qar, Iraq and study clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with hemophilia. <i>Methods</i>. In this cross-sectional study, data were obtained by reviewing all patient medical records and interviewed with the patients and their parents in 2022. The total number of patients enrolled for this study was 110 children. <i>Results</i>. The prevalence of hemophilia in Thi-Qar was 9.5/100 000 population (18.7/100 000 males). Factor VIII inhibitors were positive in 13.1% of patients with hemophilia A (HA). Target joints were developed among 41.4% and 27.3% of patients with HA and hemophilia B, respectively. Hepatitis C virus was positive in 3% of those with HA. Inhibitors development and arthropathy were more among those with severe disease (22% and 46.3%, respectively). <i>Conclusion</i>. Hemophilia prevalence in Thi-Qar was higher than the total prevalence in Iraq reported by World Federation of Hemophilia in 2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":12576,"journal":{"name":"Global Pediatric Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"2333794X241280119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11401012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142283908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives. We aimed to compare the prevalence of co-infections, pathogens, and factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 acute respiratory infection (ARI) and non-SARS-CoV-2 ARI, among hospitalized children. Methods. We conducted an observational cross-sectional study of hospitalized children <15 years with ARI, and lasting respiratory symptoms <14 days, using polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal specimens. Results. Of the 184 children with ARI analyzed, 122 were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and 62 were not. SARS-CoV-2 ARI had a significantly lower rate of co-infection than non-SARS-CoV-2 ARI (2.5% vs14.5%, P = .003). SARS-CoV-2 ARI children were significantly associated with a less empirical antibiotics (aOR = 0.09, CI = 0.03-0.21; P = .000), more pneumonia (aOR = 5.15, CI = 1.77-14.95; P = .003), and more abnormal chest X-ray (aOR = 2.81, CI = 1.38-5.71; P = .004). Conclusions. Although SARS-CoV-2 ARI in hospitalized children was associated with pneumonia and abnormal chest x-rays, empirical antibiotics may not be necessary for treating mild to moderate cases.
研究目的我们旨在比较住院儿童中的合并感染、病原体以及与 SARS-CoV-2 急性呼吸道感染(ARI)和非 SARS-CoV-2 急性呼吸道感染相关的因素。研究方法我们对住院儿童进行了横断面观察研究 结果。在分析的 184 名患 ARI 的儿童中,122 人感染了 SARS-CoV-2,62 人未感染。SARS-CoV-2 ARI 的合并感染率明显低于非 SARS-CoV-2 ARI(2.5% vs 14.5%,P = .003)。SARS-CoV-2 ARI患儿使用经验性抗生素较少(aOR = 0.09,CI = 0.03-0.21;P = .000),肺炎较多(aOR = 5.15,CI = 1.77-14.95;P = .003),胸部 X 光片异常较多(aOR = 2.81,CI = 1.38-5.71;P = .004)。结论虽然住院儿童中的 SARS-CoV-2 ARI 与肺炎和胸部 X 光片异常有关,但治疗轻度至中度病例可能不需要使用经验性抗生素。
{"title":"Prevalence of Co-Infections and Pathogens in Hospitalized Children with Acute Respiratory Infections: A Comparative Analysis Between SARS-CoV-2 and Non-SARS-CoV-2 Cases.","authors":"Visal Moolasart, Ravee Nitiyanontakij, Srisuda Samadchai, Somkid Srisopha, Priyanut Atiburanakul, Suthat Chottanapund, Sumonmal Uttayamakul","doi":"10.1177/2333794X241275267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794X241275267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objectives.</i> We aimed to compare the prevalence of co-infections, pathogens, and factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 acute respiratory infection (ARI) and non-SARS-CoV-2 ARI, among hospitalized children. <i>Methods.</i> We conducted an observational cross-sectional study of hospitalized children <15 years with ARI, and lasting respiratory symptoms <14 days, using polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal specimens. <i>Results.</i> Of the 184 children with ARI analyzed, 122 were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and 62 were not. SARS-CoV-2 ARI had a significantly lower rate of co-infection than non-SARS-CoV-2 ARI (2.5% vs14.5%, <i>P</i> = .003). SARS-CoV-2 ARI children were significantly associated with a less empirical antibiotics (aOR = 0.09, CI = 0.03-0.21; <i>P</i> = .000), more pneumonia (aOR = 5.15, CI = 1.77-14.95; <i>P</i> = .003), and more abnormal chest X-ray (aOR = 2.81, CI = 1.38-5.71; <i>P</i> = .004). <i>Conclusions.</i> Although SARS-CoV-2 ARI in hospitalized children was associated with pneumonia and abnormal chest x-rays, empirical antibiotics may not be necessary for treating mild to moderate cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12576,"journal":{"name":"Global Pediatric Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"2333794X241275267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11402073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142283907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives. Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal symptoms in children with neurological disorders. This study was performed to compare the therapeutic effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) plus domperidone with PEG plus placebo in the treatment of chronic constipation in children with cerebral palsy. Methods. In this a double-blind clinical trial study was done on the children with cerebral palsy who had chronic constipation and was referred to Mohammad Kermanshahi hospital of Kermanshah city in the west of Iran. The participants were randomly divided into 2 groups with 2 therapies of PEG combined with domperidone (case group, n = 21) and PEG with placebo (control group, n = 21). The information was extracted from patients based on the checklist before and after treatment and the response to treatment in the 2 groups were determined and compared. The data were analyzed by T-test or Mann-Whitney U test to compare quantitative variables and Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests for comparing qualitative variables. Results. In both case and control groups, all Rome IV criteria for a diagnosis of chronic constipation except incontinence were significantly reduced after treatment. However, the successful response rate in the case group (PEG + domperidone) was 90.5%, while this rate was 61.9% in the control group. Conclusion. Based on the results of the present study, it seems that PEG plus domperidone had a positive effect on the treatment of children with cerebral palsy and chronic constipation.
目的。便秘是神经系统疾病患儿最常见的胃肠道症状之一。本研究旨在比较聚乙二醇(PEG)加多潘立酮与聚乙二醇加安慰剂治疗脑瘫儿童慢性便秘的疗效。研究方法这项双盲临床试验研究的对象是患有慢性便秘并被转诊至伊朗西部克尔曼沙赫市 Mohammad Kermanshahi 医院的脑瘫患儿。参与者被随机分为两组,分别采用 PEG 联合多潘立酮疗法(病例组,n = 21)和 PEG 联合安慰剂疗法(对照组,n = 21)。根据治疗前后的检查表提取患者信息,确定并比较两组患者对治疗的反应。数据分析采用 T 检验或 Mann-Whitney U 检验比较定量变量,采用卡方检验和费雪精确检验比较定性变量。结果在病例组和对照组中,除大小便失禁外,所有诊断慢性便秘的罗马IV标准在治疗后都明显降低。然而,病例组(PEG + 多潘立酮)的成功应答率为 90.5%,而对照组的成功应答率为 61.9%。结论根据本研究的结果,PEG+多潘立酮似乎对治疗脑瘫合并慢性便秘患儿有积极作用。
{"title":"Comparison of the Effect of Two Therapeutic Interventions for the Treatment of Chronic Constipation in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Gholamreza Yousefi-Fatmesari, Roya Chegene Lorestani, Mosayeb Rostamian, Sepideh Khodamoradi, Mostafa Sedighi, Hooman Daryoushi, Masoud Norouzi, Jamal Hoseini, Keyghobad Ghadiri","doi":"10.1177/2333794X241274287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794X241274287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objectives</i>. Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal symptoms in children with neurological disorders. This study was performed to compare the therapeutic effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) plus domperidone with PEG plus placebo in the treatment of chronic constipation in children with cerebral palsy. <i>Methods</i>. In this a double-blind clinical trial study was done on the children with cerebral palsy who had chronic constipation and was referred to Mohammad Kermanshahi hospital of Kermanshah city in the west of Iran. The participants were randomly divided into 2 groups with 2 therapies of PEG combined with domperidone (case group, n = 21) and PEG with placebo (control group, n = 21). The information was extracted from patients based on the checklist before and after treatment and the response to treatment in the 2 groups were determined and compared. The data were analyzed by T-test or Mann-Whitney U test to compare quantitative variables and Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests for comparing qualitative variables. <i>Results</i>. In both case and control groups, all Rome IV criteria for a diagnosis of chronic constipation except incontinence were significantly reduced after treatment. However, the successful response rate in the case group (PEG + domperidone) was 90.5%, while this rate was 61.9% in the control group. <i>Conclusion</i>. Based on the results of the present study, it seems that PEG plus domperidone had a positive effect on the treatment of children with cerebral palsy and chronic constipation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12576,"journal":{"name":"Global Pediatric Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"2333794X241274287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11402094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142283905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/2333794X241273204
Aso Faeq Salih, Ali M Jawad, Majeed H Jawad
We report a case of a neonate, delivered by C-section, that rapidly developed respiratory compromise and hemodynamic instability prompting admission to critical care. Urgent cardiology assessment with echocardiography revealed severe systolic dysfunction from localized myocardial ischemia and pulmonary hypertension. Their management progressively escalated, eventually requiring inotropic support. Despite intensive treatment and meticulous nursing with demonstrable improvement of cardiac function, they deteriorated suddenly and died on Day 2 post-partum. This case emphasizes the challenge in early recognition of neonatal shock due to often nonspecific presentations, with hemodynamic compromise arising later. We recommend close vigilance for deterioration, awareness of indolent etiology including viral myocarditis, titration of appropriate inotropes and synergistic adjunctive vasodilators, and consideration of immune modulators such as corticosteroids that addresses biochemical deficiencies and support cardiac function. Ultimately, aggressive, targeted, and multi-focal treatment, especially in resource-limited environments, maximizes the chances of survival in challenging clinical situations such as progressive neonatal shock.
{"title":"Early Neonatal Shock: Case Report and Lessons Learned in Management.","authors":"Aso Faeq Salih, Ali M Jawad, Majeed H Jawad","doi":"10.1177/2333794X241273204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794X241273204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a case of a neonate, delivered by C-section, that rapidly developed respiratory compromise and hemodynamic instability prompting admission to critical care. Urgent cardiology assessment with echocardiography revealed severe systolic dysfunction from localized myocardial ischemia and pulmonary hypertension. Their management progressively escalated, eventually requiring inotropic support. Despite intensive treatment and meticulous nursing with demonstrable improvement of cardiac function, they deteriorated suddenly and died on Day 2 post-partum. This case emphasizes the challenge in early recognition of neonatal shock due to often nonspecific presentations, with hemodynamic compromise arising later. We recommend close vigilance for deterioration, awareness of indolent etiology including viral myocarditis, titration of appropriate inotropes and synergistic adjunctive vasodilators, and consideration of immune modulators such as corticosteroids that addresses biochemical deficiencies and support cardiac function. Ultimately, aggressive, targeted, and multi-focal treatment, especially in resource-limited environments, maximizes the chances of survival in challenging clinical situations such as progressive neonatal shock.</p>","PeriodicalId":12576,"journal":{"name":"Global Pediatric Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"2333794X241273204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11384514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142283906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/2333794X241277417
Ronak A Patel, Anita Pillai, Kelly Murphy, Stephen Barone, Charles Schleien
{"title":"A Decade of Dedication: Navigating Challenges and Triumphs in Pediatric Global Health.","authors":"Ronak A Patel, Anita Pillai, Kelly Murphy, Stephen Barone, Charles Schleien","doi":"10.1177/2333794X241277417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794X241277417","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12576,"journal":{"name":"Global Pediatric Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"2333794X241277417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11384513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142283902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/2333794X241273201
Yaser Ramirez, Yuleidys Castillo, Shuyeng Acea, Linda S Pagani
Aim. To analyze the relationship between auditory risk factors at birth and subsequent language development in toddlerhood. Methods. Participants are 136 children from a longitudinal birth cohort follow-up at age 2 years. They were divided into 2 groups: One comprising 105 children without hearing risk factors at birth and another comprising 31 children with auditory risk factors at birth but normal hearing. Results. In children with and without risk factors, the combination of socio-emotional, socio-economic, and auditory risk factors at birth significantly predicted language development at age 2 years. Family socio-economic status had a significant impact on overall child development, even after controlling for socio-emotional development and the presence of risk factors. Conclusions. The study was conducted in an upper-middle income country with a socialized health care system. It underscores the importance of a holistic approach to early childhood language development, taking into account biological, socioeconomic, and emotional factors.
{"title":"Auditory Risk Factors at Birth and Language Development at 2 Years of Age: A Longitudinal Analysis.","authors":"Yaser Ramirez, Yuleidys Castillo, Shuyeng Acea, Linda S Pagani","doi":"10.1177/2333794X241273201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794X241273201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aim</i>. To analyze the relationship between auditory risk factors at birth and subsequent language development in toddlerhood. <i>Methods</i>. Participants are 136 children from a longitudinal birth cohort follow-up at age 2 years. They were divided into 2 groups: One comprising 105 children without hearing risk factors at birth and another comprising 31 children with auditory risk factors at birth but normal hearing. <i>Results</i>. In children with and without risk factors, the combination of socio-emotional, socio-economic, and auditory risk factors at birth significantly predicted language development at age 2 years. Family socio-economic status had a significant impact on overall child development, even after controlling for socio-emotional development and the presence of risk factors. <i>Conclusions</i>. The study was conducted in an upper-middle income country with a socialized health care system. It underscores the importance of a holistic approach to early childhood language development, taking into account biological, socioeconomic, and emotional factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12576,"journal":{"name":"Global Pediatric Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"2333794X241273201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11384531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142283903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective. Viral hepatitis is a global problem leading to significant morbidity and mortality in adults as well as children. This study explores Hepatitis A among Nepalese children and their water habits. Methods. A prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 10 years among Nepalese children. We included 287 children with hepatitis in our study. Results. Among 287 children studied, 266 had Hepatitis A. There were 33 toddlers (11.5%), 121 pre-school children (42.2%), 102 school children (35.5%), and 31 adolescents (10.8%). Ninety-one (32%) children used filtered water, 55 (19%) used boiled water, 23 (8%) used boiled and filtered water, 53 (18%) used jar water and 65 (23%) used direct tap water. Five children had complications. One child died due to complications. The mortality rate in the study was 0.38%. Conclusion. Hepatitis A affected pre-school and school children most. Boiled and filtered is safest against transmission of Hepatitis A.
{"title":"Children With Hepatitis in a Tertiary Care Center in Nepal: A Prospective Observational Study.","authors":"Bikash Shrestha, Umesh Singh, Kavita Karmacharya, Shreejana Singh","doi":"10.1177/2333794X241274713","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2333794X241274713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective</i>. Viral hepatitis is a global problem leading to significant morbidity and mortality in adults as well as children. This study explores Hepatitis A among Nepalese children and their water habits. <i>Methods</i>. A prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 10 years among Nepalese children. We included 287 children with hepatitis in our study. <i>Results</i>. Among 287 children studied, 266 had Hepatitis A. There were 33 toddlers (11.5%), 121 pre-school children (42.2%), 102 school children (35.5%), and 31 adolescents (10.8%). Ninety-one (32%) children used filtered water, 55 (19%) used boiled water, 23 (8%) used boiled and filtered water, 53 (18%) used jar water and 65 (23%) used direct tap water. Five children had complications. One child died due to complications. The mortality rate in the study was 0.38%. <i>Conclusion</i>. Hepatitis A affected pre-school and school children most. Boiled and filtered is safest against transmission of Hepatitis A.</p>","PeriodicalId":12576,"journal":{"name":"Global Pediatric Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"2333794X241274713"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11380126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/2333794X241273130
Rubén Aguirre-Ipenza, Wendy Nieto-Gutiérrez, Winnie Contreras, Pavel J Contreras, Walter H Curioso
Objective. To evaluate the evidence regarding the association between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and dental caries in children and adolescents. Methods. Searches were conducted in 4 international databases from the beginning of records until October 2023. Studies evaluating the association between IDA and dental caries in individuals aged 6 months to 18 years were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Quantitative synthesis was performed using the inverse variance or Mantel-Haenzel method, depending on the type of outcome analyzed. Measures of association included odds ratios and mean differences, employing a random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval. Results. A total of 1161 studies were identified, of which 12 were selected for qualitative review and 9 for meta-analysis. A significant association was found between IDA and dental caries (odds ratio of 3.54; 95% CI: 2.54-4.94) and a higher rate of dental caries in the presence of IDA (mean difference of 1.96; 95% CI: 1.07-2.85). The certainty of evidence according to GRADE was rated as very low. Conclusions. Despite the limited certainty, the findings indicate a significant association between IDA and dental caries. It is prudent to interpret these results with caution, considering the methodological limitations of the studies. However, given the potential relevance of this association for public health, recommending oral health strategies, including preventive and corrective dental interventions, for anemia control programs underlines the importance of more rigorous future research to strengthen the certainty of the evidence and guide the implementation of these strategies.
{"title":"Iron Deficiency Anemia and Dental Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Rubén Aguirre-Ipenza, Wendy Nieto-Gutiérrez, Winnie Contreras, Pavel J Contreras, Walter H Curioso","doi":"10.1177/2333794X241273130","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2333794X241273130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective.</i> To evaluate the evidence regarding the association between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and dental caries in children and adolescents. <i>Methods.</i> Searches were conducted in 4 international databases from the beginning of records until October 2023. Studies evaluating the association between IDA and dental caries in individuals aged 6 months to 18 years were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Quantitative synthesis was performed using the inverse variance or Mantel-Haenzel method, depending on the type of outcome analyzed. Measures of association included odds ratios and mean differences, employing a random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval. <i>Results.</i> A total of 1161 studies were identified, of which 12 were selected for qualitative review and 9 for meta-analysis. A significant association was found between IDA and dental caries (odds ratio of 3.54; 95% CI: 2.54-4.94) and a higher rate of dental caries in the presence of IDA (mean difference of 1.96; 95% CI: 1.07-2.85). The certainty of evidence according to GRADE was rated as very low. <i>Conclusions.</i> Despite the limited certainty, the findings indicate a significant association between IDA and dental caries. It is prudent to interpret these results with caution, considering the methodological limitations of the studies. However, given the potential relevance of this association for public health, recommending oral health strategies, including preventive and corrective dental interventions, for anemia control programs underlines the importance of more rigorous future research to strengthen the certainty of the evidence and guide the implementation of these strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12576,"journal":{"name":"Global Pediatric Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"2333794X241273130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11378190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}