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Screening for Child Abuse in the Emergency Department of Academic Hospital Paramaribo in Suriname. 在苏里南帕拉马里博学术医院急诊科筛查虐待儿童行为。
IF 2.2 Q2 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-06-07 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2333794X241245274
Eeftinck Schattenkerk Ld, Loos Mhj, Schouten McM, Cheuk-Alam I, Bakx R, Lissone Npa

Background. Child abuse in Suriname has a prevalence between 58.2% and 68.8%. This prospective observational study evaluates the implementation of screening for child abuse at the Emergency Department (ED) of the Academic Hospital Paramaribo (AZP). Methods. Children (0-16 years) presenting with injury from 01-02-2018 until 31-08-2018 were eligible. Case-record-forms were completed. Multidisciplinary meetings were used to evaluate positive screened and admitted patients. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated and results were compared to retrospective data from 2016. Results. 3253 Children attended the ED. In 1190 (36.6%) children, the screening was completed. The screening was positive in 148 (12%); in 71 (6%) cases child abuse was confirmed. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.88 and 0.92 respectively, PPV 0.43, NPV 0.99. There was a significant increase of detected child abuse cases; 4.4% in 2016 versus 6% in 2018 (P = .04). Conclusion. Implementation of screening at the ED in the AZP increased detection of child abuse. To improve screening's accuracy, more education for healthcare professionals is pivotal.

背景。在苏里南,虐待儿童的发生率在 58.2% 到 68.8% 之间。这项前瞻性观察研究评估了帕拉马里博学术医院(AZP)急诊科(ED)虐待儿童筛查的实施情况。研究方法2018年2月1日至2018年8月31日期间受伤的儿童(0-16岁)均符合条件。填写病例记录表。利用多学科会议对筛选出的阳性患者和入院患者进行评估。计算诊断准确率,并将结果与 2016 年的回顾性数据进行比较。结果3253名儿童就诊于急诊室。1190名(36.6%)儿童完成了筛查。筛查结果呈阳性的有 148 例(12%),其中 71 例(6%)被证实为虐待儿童。灵敏度和特异度分别为 0.88 和 0.92,PPV 为 0.43,NPV 为 0.99。发现的虐童病例明显增加;2016 年为 4.4%,2018 年为 6%(P = .04)。结论亚利桑那州立医院在急诊室实施筛查提高了虐待儿童的检出率。要提高筛查的准确性,加强对医护人员的教育至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Use of High-Flow Nasal Cannulas in Saudi's Neonatal Level III Intensive Care Units: A Nationwide Questionnaire Study. 沙特新生儿三级重症监护病房高流量鼻导管的使用情况:一项全国性问卷调查研究。
IF 2.2 Q2 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-06-06 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2333794X241258142
Saleh S Algarni, Khalid Alshammari, Meshal Alkhalifah, Waleed Almutairi, Abdulrahman Aljaidi, Arwa Alruwaili, Abdulkarim S Alqarni, Tareq F Alotaibi, Mohammed M Alqahtani, Hassan Aljohani, Taha T Ismaeil, Abdullah M M Alanazi, Abdulrhman S Alghamdi, Khaled Alanazi, Khalid S Alwadeai, Rayan Siraj, Turki M Alanazi, Ali Almudeer, Kamal Ali, Saif Alsaif

Objective. To describe heated humidified high-flow nasal cannulas (HHHFNC) utilization in level III neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Saudi Arabia. Methods. A prospective cross-sectional study using an electronic web-based questionnaire. The survey targeted level III NICUs hospitals using HHHFNCs, covering HHHFNC availability, protocols, patient characteristics, and indications. It also collected opinions on the benefits of HHHFNCs compared to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP). Results. Out of 47 government-level III neonatal intensive care units, 35 (74%) responded to the survey. Among the included units, 46% had guidelines for HHHFNC use. Additionally, 51% reported using HHHFNC in infants of all gestational ages. The primary indication for HHHFNC use was weaning off nCPAP (34%), with 60% of the respondents noting its advantages for kangaroo care and breastfeeding. Conclusion. HHHFNC are increasingly prevalent in NICUs in Saudi Arabia. However, there remain no clear policies or guidelines regarding their use in preterm infants.

目的描述沙特阿拉伯三级新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)中加热加湿高流量鼻插管(HHHFNC)的使用情况。研究方法。采用电子网络问卷进行前瞻性横断面研究。调查对象为使用 HHHFNC 的三级新生儿重症监护病房医院,内容包括 HHHFNC 的可用性、协议、患者特征和适应症。调查还就 HHHFNC 与鼻持续气道正压(nCPAP)相比的优势收集了意见。结果。在 47 家政府三级新生儿重症监护病房中,有 35 家(74%)对调查做出了回应。其中,46%的单位制定了使用 HHHFNC 的指南。此外,51%的单位表示对所有胎龄的婴儿都使用过 HHHFNC。使用 HHHFNC 的主要适应症是 nCPAP 断奶(34%),60% 的受访者指出其在袋鼠式护理和母乳喂养方面的优势。结论。HHHFNC 在沙特阿拉伯的新生儿重症监护室越来越普遍。但是,对于早产儿使用 HHHFNC 仍没有明确的政策或指导方针。
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引用次数: 0
Psychometric Evaluation of Brief Reason for Living Inventory for Adolescents (BRFL-A) Instrument in the Indonesian Language. 印尼语青少年生活简明原因量表(BRFL-A)心理测量学评估。
IF 2.2 Q2 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-05-27 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2333794X241254690
Veranita Pandia, Efi Fitriana, Irvan Afriandi, Fredrick Dermawan Purba, Febrianti Santiardi Danasasmita, Abdullah Ichsan, Kent Pradana, Alfonso Haris Setia Santoso, Rita Engellia, Fithriani Salma Mardhiyah

Objectives. The Brief Reason for Living Inventory for Adolescents (BRFL-A) is used to assess protective factors against suicide in non-clinical settings. This study aimed to validate the psychometric properties of BRFL-A in Bahasa Indonesia. Methods. A total of 728 high-school and university students filled BRFL-A questionnaire and the results were analyzed. The reliability, content, convergent, discriminant, and factorial or construct validity, were investigated using content validity index Cronbach's Alpha, while content validity index (CVI), confirmatory factor analysis, and Pearson product-moment correlation were assesed with MSPSS, SIS, INQ-15, and DASS-18. Results. The results showed that the Indonesian version of BRFL-A had good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, as well as content and concurrent validity, supporting both the 1-factor and the 5-factor model of factorial validity. Conclusions. The Indonesian version of the BRFL-A was valid and reliable to measure protective factors against suicide risk among adolescents and young adults in non-clinical settings.

目的。青少年生活原因简明量表(BRFL-A)用于评估非临床环境中的自杀保护因素。本研究旨在验证印尼语版 BRFL-A 的心理测量特性。研究方法共有 728 名高中生和大学生填写了 BRFL-A 问卷,并对结果进行了分析。使用内容效度指数 Cronbach's Alpha 对信度、内容效度、收敛效度、区分效度、因子效度或建构效度进行了研究,同时使用 MSPSS、SIS、INQ-15 和 DASS-18 对内容效度指数 (CVI)、确认性因子分析和 Pearson 积矩相关性进行了评估。结果显示结果表明,印尼版 BRFL-A 具有良好的内部一致性、重测信度、内容效度和并发效度,支持 1 因子和 5 因子模型的因子效度。结论印尼版BRFL-A在测量非临床环境中青少年自杀风险的保护因素方面是有效和可靠的。
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引用次数: 0
Paediatric Emergency Care in Low-Income Countries-Can Guidelines be Generalized? 低收入国家的儿科急诊护理--指导方针能否普及?
IF 2.2 Q2 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-05-10 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2333794X241251787
Abner Tagoola, Helena Hildenwall
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引用次数: 0
Fibrous Dysplasia Polyostotic: When Radiology Clarifies the Diagnosis. 多发性纤维增生症:当放射学明确诊断时。
IF 2.2 Q2 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-05-09 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2333794X241251746
Ihssane Lahlou, Sara Essetti, Samia Obilat, Fatima Chait, Nourrelhouda Bahlouli, Yousra Guelzim, Siham El Haddad, Nazik Allali, Latifa Chat

Fibrous dysplasia is a rare non-hereditary congenital condition characterized by 2 main forms: monostotic and polyostotic. Monostotic is the more common form, while polyostotic, often associated with a syndrome, is rarer. The case presented involves a 10-year-old patient who was diagnosed with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia accompanied by an endocrinopathy. This report explores the clinical and radiological aspects of this condition based on the patient's case.

纤维发育不良是一种罕见的非遗传性先天性疾病,主要有两种形式:单相和多相。单恒定型较为常见,而多恒定型通常伴有综合征,较为罕见。本病例涉及一名 10 岁的患者,他被诊断为多发性纤维发育不良并伴有内分泌病。本报告根据患者的病例,从临床和放射学方面探讨了这种疾病。
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引用次数: 0
Coexistence of Allergic Diseases in Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: Prevalence, Clinical manifestation and Severity. 小儿系统性红斑狼疮患者同时患有过敏性疾病:发病率、临床表现和严重程度
IF 2.2 Q2 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-05-06 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2333794X241251615
Porntipa Suebsarakam, Kitiporn Kaweeyanont, Sureeporn Srisutthikamol, Dara Mairiang

Objective. This study aimed to evaluate allergic diseases in pediatric patients with SLE and their association with SLE disease activity. Method. Patients with SLE aged ≤18 years were enrolled. Allergic diseases were screened using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. Patients with a positive allergic disease screen were evaluated by a pediatric allergist for diagnostic confirmation and severity assessment. Results. Out of 118 patients, 16 patients (13.56%) were confirmed to have 1 or more allergic diseases; fourteen with allergic rhinitis, 4 with asthma, and 2 with atopic dermatitis. Two patients had severe-persistent allergic rhinitis and one patient had undiagnosed, uncontrolled severe asthma. No statistically significant correlations between the severity of allergic diseases and SLE disease activity were identified. Conclusions. The overall prevalence of allergic disease among pediatric patients with SLE is within the range of the general population. Severe and undiagnosed allergic diseases and SLE can coexist.

研究目的本研究旨在评估儿童系统性红斑狼疮患者的过敏性疾病及其与系统性红斑狼疮疾病活动的关系。方法。招募年龄小于 18 岁的系统性红斑狼疮患者。使用国际儿童哮喘和过敏研究问卷对过敏性疾病进行筛查。过敏性疾病筛查呈阳性的患者由儿科过敏专科医生进行诊断确认和严重程度评估。结果。在 118 名患者中,有 16 名患者(13.56%)被确诊患有一种或多种过敏性疾病;其中 14 人患有过敏性鼻炎,4 人患有哮喘,2 人患有特应性皮炎。两名患者患有严重的顽固性过敏性鼻炎,一名患者患有未确诊、未得到控制的严重哮喘。过敏性疾病的严重程度与系统性红斑狼疮的病情活动之间没有统计学意义上的相关性。结论。儿童系统性红斑狼疮患者中过敏性疾病的总体发病率与普通人群相当。严重和未确诊的过敏性疾病可与系统性红斑狼疮同时存在。
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引用次数: 0
Spectrum of Pediatric Autoimmune Hepatitis in a Cohort of Pakistani Children. 巴基斯坦儿童群体中的小儿自身免疫性肝炎谱。
IF 2.2 Q2 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-04-30 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2333794X241251644
Sabeen Abid Khan, Naurin Ali, Muhammad Arslan Farooq, Shamama Hasan, Munir Iqbal Malik

Background. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is increasingly seen in children worldwide and it is more severe in children compared to adults. This study highlights the biochemical and clinical aspect, treatment given and outcome of the disease including pediatric liver transplantation. Study. Retrospective review (2012-2022) was done in Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad. Patients under 18 years diagnosed with AIH were included. Data related to age, gender, clinical features, laboratory investigations including liver function test, liver biopsy findings and imaging modalities were included. Results. Fifteen patients were included 7 (47%) were males and 8 (53%) females. AIH type 1 was the most common type seen in 7 (46%), AIH type 2 in 5 (33%) and seronegative in 3 (20%). Jaundice was the most common symptom. Liver biopsy showed findings characteristic of AIH. Liver transplant performed in 3 patients. Conclusion. The study highlights the varied clinical presentation of AIH in Pakistani children.

背景。自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)在全球儿童中的发病率越来越高,与成人相比,儿童的病情更为严重。本研究强调了该病的生化和临床方面、治疗方法和结果,包括小儿肝移植。研究内容伊斯兰堡希法国际医院进行了回顾性研究(2012-2022 年)。研究对象包括被诊断为 AIH 的 18 岁以下患者。研究纳入了与年龄、性别、临床特征、实验室检查(包括肝功能检查)、肝活检结果和影像学检查方式相关的数据。结果。共纳入 15 名患者,其中男性 7 名(占 47%),女性 8 名(占 53%)。7例(46%)最常见的类型为AIH 1型,5例(33%)为AIH 2型,3例(20%)为血清阴性。黄疸是最常见的症状。肝活检显示出 AIH 的特征。3 名患者接受了肝移植手术。结论该研究强调了巴基斯坦儿童 AIH 的各种临床表现。
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引用次数: 0
Factors Influencing the Implementation of Infant Warming Devices Among Healthcare Workers in Malawian Hospitals. 影响马拉维医院医护人员使用婴儿保暖设备的因素。
IF 2.2 Q2 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-04-30 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2333794X241248982
Alinane Linda Nyondo-Mipando, Mai-Lei Woo Kinshella, Sangwani Salimu, Brandina Chiwaya, Felix Chikoti, Lusungu Chirambo, Ephrida Mwaungulu, Mwai Banda, Tamanda Hiwa, Marianne Vidler, Elizabeth M Molyneux, Queen Dube, Joseph Mfutso-Bengo, David M Goldfarb, Kondwani Kawaza

Objectives. Preterm infants are at risk of hypothermia. This study described the available infant warming devices (IWDs) and explored the barriers and facilitators to their implementation in neonates in Malawi. Methods. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted among 19 health care workers in Malawi from January to March 2020. All interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed, and managed using NVivo and analyzed using a thematic approach. Results. The warming devices included radiant warmers, Blantyre hot-cots, wall-mounted heaters, portable warmers, and incubators. Inadequate equipment and infrastructure and gaps in staff knowledge and capacity were reported as the main challenges to optimal IWD implementation. Caregiver acceptance was described as the main facilitator. Strategies to optimize implementation of IWD included continuous practical training and adequate availability of equipment and spare parts. Conclusion. Implementation of warming devices for the management of neonatal hypothermia is effective when there are adequate human and material resources.

目的。早产儿有体温过低的风险。本研究介绍了现有的婴儿保暖设备(IWDs),并探讨了在马拉维新生儿中使用这些设备的障碍和促进因素。研究方法2020 年 1 月至 3 月,对马拉维的 19 名医护人员进行了定性描述研究。所有访谈均使用 NVivo 进行数字录音、转录和管理,并使用主题方法进行分析。结果取暖设备包括辐射取暖器、布兰太尔热锅、壁挂式取暖器、便携式取暖器和保温箱。据报告,设备和基础设施不足以及工作人员在知识和能力方面的差距是最佳实施综合取暖设备的主要挑战。护理人员的接受度被认为是主要的促进因素。优化 IWD 实施的策略包括持续的实践培训以及提供充足的设备和备件。结论如果有充足的人力和物力资源,使用保暖设备治疗新生儿体温过低是有效的。
{"title":"Factors Influencing the Implementation of Infant Warming Devices Among Healthcare Workers in Malawian Hospitals.","authors":"Alinane Linda Nyondo-Mipando, Mai-Lei Woo Kinshella, Sangwani Salimu, Brandina Chiwaya, Felix Chikoti, Lusungu Chirambo, Ephrida Mwaungulu, Mwai Banda, Tamanda Hiwa, Marianne Vidler, Elizabeth M Molyneux, Queen Dube, Joseph Mfutso-Bengo, David M Goldfarb, Kondwani Kawaza","doi":"10.1177/2333794X241248982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794X241248982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objectives</i>. Preterm infants are at risk of hypothermia. This study described the available infant warming devices (IWDs) and explored the barriers and facilitators to their implementation in neonates in Malawi. <i>Methods</i>. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted among 19 health care workers in Malawi from January to March 2020. All interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed, and managed using NVivo and analyzed using a thematic approach. <i>Results</i>. The warming devices included radiant warmers, Blantyre hot-cots, wall-mounted heaters, portable warmers, and incubators. Inadequate equipment and infrastructure and gaps in staff knowledge and capacity were reported as the main challenges to optimal IWD implementation. Caregiver acceptance was described as the main facilitator. Strategies to optimize implementation of IWD included continuous practical training and adequate availability of equipment and spare parts. <i>Conclusion</i>. Implementation of warming devices for the management of neonatal hypothermia is effective when there are adequate human and material resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":12576,"journal":{"name":"Global Pediatric Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11062223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140861848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Safety of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review. 质子泵抑制剂在儿科人群中的安全性:系统回顾
IF 2.2 Q2 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-04-29 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2333794X241248967
Deekshitha Alla, Dhruv Jayeshkumar Shah, Muneesh Seepana, Rishabh Baskara Salian, Sai Santhosha Mrudula Alla, Midhun Krishna Mohanan, Mert Sabıroğlu, Mohan Sai Sunith Vegesna, Aradhya Singh, Srajan Gupta, Shushrutha Shivalingappa Rekha

Objective. Commonly recommended drugs for adults and children include proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), proven effective for treating peptic diseases like stomach ulcers, GERD, and Helicobacter pylori infections in children over 1-year-old. Yet, prolonged PPI use carries higher risks of adverse reactions, prompting this study's analysis. Methods. We have performed a systematic review of 30 articles, which include a total of 762 505 pediatric patients. Results. Adverse effects were encountered in 6.98% of the population. The 5 most common adverse effects were respiratory tract complications, gastrointestinal complications, urinary tract infections, asthma, and ENT infections. Conclusion. Hence, PPIs should be prescribed only when necessary, and physicians should prioritize patient education when considering their use.

目的。成人和儿童常用的推荐药物包括质子泵抑制剂(PPIs),经证实可有效治疗消化道疾病,如胃溃疡、胃食管反流病,以及 1 岁以上儿童的幽门螺旋杆菌感染。然而,长期服用 PPI 会带来较高的不良反应风险,因此本研究对其进行了分析。研究方法我们对 30 篇文章进行了系统性回顾,共纳入 762 505 名儿科患者。结果显示6.98%的患者出现了不良反应。最常见的 5 种不良反应是呼吸道并发症、胃肠道并发症、尿路感染、哮喘和耳鼻喉科感染。结论因此,只有在必要时才应处方 PPIs,医生在考虑使用时应优先考虑患者教育。
{"title":"Safety of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Deekshitha Alla, Dhruv Jayeshkumar Shah, Muneesh Seepana, Rishabh Baskara Salian, Sai Santhosha Mrudula Alla, Midhun Krishna Mohanan, Mert Sabıroğlu, Mohan Sai Sunith Vegesna, Aradhya Singh, Srajan Gupta, Shushrutha Shivalingappa Rekha","doi":"10.1177/2333794X241248967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794X241248967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective.</i> Commonly recommended drugs for adults and children include proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), proven effective for treating peptic diseases like stomach ulcers, GERD, and Helicobacter pylori infections in children over 1-year-old. Yet, prolonged PPI use carries higher risks of adverse reactions, prompting this study's analysis. <i>Methods.</i> We have performed a systematic review of 30 articles, which include a total of 762 505 pediatric patients. <i>Results.</i> Adverse effects were encountered in 6.98% of the population. The 5 most common adverse effects were respiratory tract complications, gastrointestinal complications, urinary tract infections, asthma, and ENT infections. <i>Conclusion.</i> Hence, PPIs should be prescribed only when necessary, and physicians should prioritize patient education when considering their use.</p>","PeriodicalId":12576,"journal":{"name":"Global Pediatric Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11057350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140874583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Power of Play: Examining the Impact of a School Yard Playground on Attitudes Toward School and Peer Relationships Among Elementary School Students in Chennai, India. 游戏的力量:研究学校操场对印度钦奈小学生的学校态度和同伴关系的影响》(The Power of Play: Examining the Impact of a School Yard Playground on Attitudes Toward School and Peer Relationships Among Elementary School Students in Chennai, India)。
IF 2.2 Q2 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-04-25 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2333794X241247979
Shan Lateef, Rhea Zahir, Leena Sherdil, Carol McCleary, Tasnuva Shafin

Introduction. School environments may impact elementary school students' attachment levels to school as well as their mental and emotional well-being. Yet investments in recess/play infrastructure lag commitments to academic resources, particularly in developing countries. The main objective was to examine the impact of installing playground equipment, in the school yard, on students' attitudes toward school, peers, and the capacity to play of elementary-school children in an underserved, inner-city school in Chennai, India. Methods. A previously validated school attachment questionnaire was modified and administered to 140 and 148 students in pre- and post-playground installation, respectively. Results. For 7 out of 13 survey questions, student attitudes about their own recreational time and their attitudes toward peers significantly improved after playground installation. Conclusion. These results highlight the need for investments in play spaces, and recreational equipment may be just as important as addressing academic needs, especially among underserved children.

引言学校环境可能会影响小学生对学校的依恋程度以及他们的心理和情感健康。然而,对课间休息/游戏基础设施的投资却滞后于对学术资源的投入,尤其是在发展中国家。研究的主要目的是考察在学校操场安装游乐场设备对学生的学校态度、同伴以及游戏能力的影响。研究方法对之前经过验证的学校依恋问卷进行了修改,并分别在操场安装前和安装后对 140 名和 148 名学生进行了问卷调查。结果在 13 个调查问题中,有 7 个问题表明,安装操场后,学生对自己娱乐时间的态度和对同伴的态度有了明显改善。结论这些结果凸显了对游乐场所进行投资的必要性,娱乐设备可能与满足学习需求同等重要,尤其是对服务不足的儿童而言。
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引用次数: 0
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Global Pediatric Health
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