In the speed sensorless control of the induction motor, the machine parameters (especially the secondary resistance R/sub 2/) have a strong influence to the speed estimation. It is known that the simultaneous estimation of the speed and the R/sub 2/ is impossible in the slip frequency type vector control, because the secondary flux is constant. In addition, the output voltage error due to the dead time and the voltage drop of the inverter influences the secondary flux estimation, but the simultaneous compensation of the output voltage and the primary resistance R/sub 1/ is very difficult. In this paper the R/sub 2/ estimation without adding any additional signal to the stator current is proposed. In the high frequency range, the R/sub 2/ is estimated in the transient state, and in the very low frequency range, the R/sub 2/ is estimated in proportion to the estimated R/sub 1/ when the ideal voltage source by the power op-amp is used instead of the voltage source inverter to avoid the output voltage error. In use of these algorithms, the low speed estimation was possible and the zero speed control was achieved under the 10-40% load condition. This paper clarified that the zero speed estimation is possible with the primary and secondary resistance estimations when the output voltage is ideal.
{"title":"Sensorless very low and zero speed estimations with on-line secondary resistance estimation of induction motor without adding any signal","authors":"K. Akatsu, A. Kawamura","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.799954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.799954","url":null,"abstract":"In the speed sensorless control of the induction motor, the machine parameters (especially the secondary resistance R/sub 2/) have a strong influence to the speed estimation. It is known that the simultaneous estimation of the speed and the R/sub 2/ is impossible in the slip frequency type vector control, because the secondary flux is constant. In addition, the output voltage error due to the dead time and the voltage drop of the inverter influences the secondary flux estimation, but the simultaneous compensation of the output voltage and the primary resistance R/sub 1/ is very difficult. In this paper the R/sub 2/ estimation without adding any additional signal to the stator current is proposed. In the high frequency range, the R/sub 2/ is estimated in the transient state, and in the very low frequency range, the R/sub 2/ is estimated in proportion to the estimated R/sub 1/ when the ideal voltage source by the power op-amp is used instead of the voltage source inverter to avoid the output voltage error. In use of these algorithms, the low speed estimation was possible and the zero speed control was achieved under the 10-40% load condition. This paper clarified that the zero speed estimation is possible with the primary and secondary resistance estimations when the output voltage is ideal.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122253171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Yamamoto, E. Hiraki, H. Iwamoto, S. Sugimoto, I. Kouda, M. Nakaoka
This paper presents of digitally-controlled three-level three-phase voltage-fed soft switching inverter with two auxiliary resonant DC link (ARDCL) snubbers which can operate under a condition of zero voltage switching (ZVS). Its operating principle and its related new instantaneous space vector allocation method are proposed and discussed. The feasible performances of the soft switching inverter treated here, which are suitable for high power utilization systems, are illustrated and evaluated as compared with a three-level three-phase hard switching inverter on the basis of simulation and experimental results.
{"title":"Voltage-fed NPC soft-switching inverter with new space voltage vector modulation scheme","authors":"M. Yamamoto, E. Hiraki, H. Iwamoto, S. Sugimoto, I. Kouda, M. Nakaoka","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.801653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.801653","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents of digitally-controlled three-level three-phase voltage-fed soft switching inverter with two auxiliary resonant DC link (ARDCL) snubbers which can operate under a condition of zero voltage switching (ZVS). Its operating principle and its related new instantaneous space vector allocation method are proposed and discussed. The feasible performances of the soft switching inverter treated here, which are suitable for high power utilization systems, are illustrated and evaluated as compared with a three-level three-phase hard switching inverter on the basis of simulation and experimental results.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"3 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115776977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For replacing a conventional transformer-coupled system, a novel double rectifier system with 24-step input voltages is proposed for mid-power applications. The system consists of double three-level voltage-type diode rectifiers coupled with three harmonic canceling reactors with a total power capacity of 13.4-18.2% of the DC output power. Additional switches of the unit rectifiers act as forced commutation circuits and the reactors absorb lower harmonics. The proposed system has the advantages over conventional transformer coupled systems of: economical design; small size; light weight; high-quality input currents; and highly reliable operation.
{"title":"Voltage-phase shifting effect of three-phase harmonic canceling reactors and their applications to three-level diode rectifiers","authors":"K. Oguchi, G. Maeda, N. Hoshi, T. Kubota","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.801598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.801598","url":null,"abstract":"For replacing a conventional transformer-coupled system, a novel double rectifier system with 24-step input voltages is proposed for mid-power applications. The system consists of double three-level voltage-type diode rectifiers coupled with three harmonic canceling reactors with a total power capacity of 13.4-18.2% of the DC output power. Additional switches of the unit rectifiers act as forced commutation circuits and the reactors absorb lower harmonics. The proposed system has the advantages over conventional transformer coupled systems of: economical design; small size; light weight; high-quality input currents; and highly reliable operation.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128732455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Distortion of two identical droplets aligned with the external uniform electric field is investigated in this paper. It is assumed that both droplets are perfectly conducting and placed in an ideal dielectric medium. The equation of the droplet distortion is solved using the finite difference method, while the electric field distribution for a given droplet shape is predicted by means of the boundary element method. The droplet distortion is calculated in terms of two nondimensional numbers and the distance between both droplets. The force of mutual attraction between droplets is also determined.
{"title":"Force of attraction between two conducting droplets in electric field","authors":"K. Adamiak","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.805983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.805983","url":null,"abstract":"Distortion of two identical droplets aligned with the external uniform electric field is investigated in this paper. It is assumed that both droplets are perfectly conducting and placed in an ideal dielectric medium. The equation of the droplet distortion is solved using the finite difference method, while the electric field distribution for a given droplet shape is predicted by means of the boundary element method. The droplet distortion is calculated in terms of two nondimensional numbers and the distance between both droplets. The force of mutual attraction between droplets is also determined.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115318668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Schellmanns, J. Keradec, J. Schanen, K. Berrouche
This paper proposes equivalent circuits to represent the external electrical behaviour of multiwinding transformers. All aspects of the linear behaviour, including resonances and inter-winding devices to currents, are taken into account. The global physical components approach leads to general lumped element circuits such that only element values change from one component to another. All the element values of the proposed circuits are deducible from external electrical measurements with no need for extra information regarding shape, size, used technology and, even, turn numbers. This paper includes two parts. The first one focus on the representation of linear loss free magnetic coupling. How to represent leakage of multi-winding transformers and what measurements to choose to fully and accurately characterise magnetic coupling are among the investigated subjects. In the second part, representation of stray capacitors is studied: how to represent the electrostatic behaviour of multi-winding transformers and what measurements to choose to fully and accurately characterise these components.
{"title":"Representing electrical behaviour of transformers by lumped element circuits: a global physical approach","authors":"A. Schellmanns, J. Keradec, J. Schanen, K. Berrouche","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.806025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.806025","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes equivalent circuits to represent the external electrical behaviour of multiwinding transformers. All aspects of the linear behaviour, including resonances and inter-winding devices to currents, are taken into account. The global physical components approach leads to general lumped element circuits such that only element values change from one component to another. All the element values of the proposed circuits are deducible from external electrical measurements with no need for extra information regarding shape, size, used technology and, even, turn numbers. This paper includes two parts. The first one focus on the representation of linear loss free magnetic coupling. How to represent leakage of multi-winding transformers and what measurements to choose to fully and accurately characterise magnetic coupling are among the investigated subjects. In the second part, representation of stray capacitors is studied: how to represent the electrostatic behaviour of multi-winding transformers and what measurements to choose to fully and accurately characterise these components.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115753166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes a speed-sensorless vector control method for an induction motor operating at high efficiency and high response, in which core loss is taken into account, and discusses the system's performance. The proposed vector control system consists of a speed-adaptive rotor-flux observer which takes core loss into account and employs a direct-field-oriented control scheme which compensates for the influence of core loss. On the basis of simulation and experimental results, the authors show that the proposed system can estimate motor speed even when the rotor flux is changed.
{"title":"A speed sensorless vector control of induction motor operating at high efficiency taking core loss into account","authors":"K. Matsuse, S. Taniguchi, T. Yoshizumi, K. Namiki","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.801664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.801664","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a speed-sensorless vector control method for an induction motor operating at high efficiency and high response, in which core loss is taken into account, and discusses the system's performance. The proposed vector control system consists of a speed-adaptive rotor-flux observer which takes core loss into account and employs a direct-field-oriented control scheme which compensates for the influence of core loss. On the basis of simulation and experimental results, the authors show that the proposed system can estimate motor speed even when the rotor flux is changed.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126154221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is aimed at the analysis of corona power loss associated with wire duct electrostatic precipitators (WDEP). The finite element method (FEM) is used to solve the Poisson's equation and a modified method of characteristics is used to satisfy the current continuity condition. The two methods are repeated iteratively to get a self consistent solution of the describing equations. The effectiveness of this approach is tested by comparing the computed results with previously experimental and calculated values. The agreement with experimental results is found to be satisfactory.
{"title":"Finite element analysis of corona in wire-duct electrostatic precipitators","authors":"Z. Al-Hamouz","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.799987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.799987","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is aimed at the analysis of corona power loss associated with wire duct electrostatic precipitators (WDEP). The finite element method (FEM) is used to solve the Poisson's equation and a modified method of characteristics is used to satisfy the current continuity condition. The two methods are repeated iteratively to get a self consistent solution of the describing equations. The effectiveness of this approach is tested by comparing the computed results with previously experimental and calculated values. The agreement with experimental results is found to be satisfactory.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123307974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A comprehensive thermal model for screw-terminal aluminum electrolytic capacitors is developed. The test methodology and data upon which the model is based are discussed. Exact one-dimensional solutions, multi-dimensional heat equations and finite-element analysis (FEA) model simulation results are presented. The effects of conduction, heat sinking, natural (free) convection, forced convection and heat radiation are quantified and compared. Complex issues, such as anisotropism and multi-phase heat transfer, are discussed. A comparison of model results to test data is presented. Varying capacitor construction techniques are evaluated.
{"title":"Thermal modeling of aluminum electrolytic capacitors","authors":"S. Parler","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.799180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.799180","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive thermal model for screw-terminal aluminum electrolytic capacitors is developed. The test methodology and data upon which the model is based are discussed. Exact one-dimensional solutions, multi-dimensional heat equations and finite-element analysis (FEA) model simulation results are presented. The effects of conduction, heat sinking, natural (free) convection, forced convection and heat radiation are quantified and compared. Complex issues, such as anisotropism and multi-phase heat transfer, are discussed. A comparison of model results to test data is presented. Varying capacitor construction techniques are evaluated.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123444107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The conductive spherical particle in viscous fluid (silicone oil) under a uniform electric field shows both up-and-down motion and resting on the electrode between motions. In order to analyze the motion of a conductive particle under electric field theoretically, the charge amount of particle must be known. It can be achieved with several methods. When the conductive particle is on the electrode experiencing the uniform field, there is a well-known equation for the charge amount of a spherical particle. The second way is to estimate the electrostatic force acting on the particle in the motion through viscous fluid by using dynamic equation. The third method is to integrate a pulsed current when the charge exchange process is occurring between the particle and the electrode. The value of particle charge by integrating the current is much smaller than the others. The width of the current pulse is less than 100 /spl mu/s, which is much shorter than the resting time. This suggests that the acquired charge from the integration of pulse might not be the whole charge, but several small discharges might follow the first one during the time the particle is resting on the electrode.
{"title":"On the charge of a moving particle within a parallel electrodes in viscous fluid","authors":"K. Yatsuzuka, C. Choi, K. Asano","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.805989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.805989","url":null,"abstract":"The conductive spherical particle in viscous fluid (silicone oil) under a uniform electric field shows both up-and-down motion and resting on the electrode between motions. In order to analyze the motion of a conductive particle under electric field theoretically, the charge amount of particle must be known. It can be achieved with several methods. When the conductive particle is on the electrode experiencing the uniform field, there is a well-known equation for the charge amount of a spherical particle. The second way is to estimate the electrostatic force acting on the particle in the motion through viscous fluid by using dynamic equation. The third method is to integrate a pulsed current when the charge exchange process is occurring between the particle and the electrode. The value of particle charge by integrating the current is much smaller than the others. The width of the current pulse is less than 100 /spl mu/s, which is much shorter than the resting time. This suggests that the acquired charge from the integration of pulse might not be the whole charge, but several small discharges might follow the first one during the time the particle is resting on the electrode.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116018163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses the influence of nonsinusoidal flux-waveforms on the remagnetization losses in ferro- and ferrimagnetic materials of inductors, transformers and electrical machines used in power electronic applications. The nonsinusoidal changes of flux originate from driving these devices by nonsinusoidal voltages and currents at different switching frequencies. A detailed examination of a dynamic hysteresis model shows that the physical origin of losses in magnetic material is the average remagnetization velocity rather than the remagnetization frequency. This principle leads to a modification of the most common calculation rule for magnetic core losses, i.e., to the "modified Steinmetz equation" (MSE). In the MSE the remagnetization frequency is replaced by an equivalent frequency which is calculated from the average remagnetization velocity. This approach allows, for the first time, to calculate the losses in the time domain for arbitrary waveforms of flux while using the available set of parameters of the classical Steinmetz equation, DC premagnetization of the material, having a substantial influence on the losses, can also be included. Extensive measurements verify the modified Steinmetz equation presented in this paper.
{"title":"Calculation of losses in ferro- and ferrimagnetic materials based on the modified Steinmetz equation","authors":"J. Reinert, A. Brockmeyer, R. W. D. Doncker","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.806023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.806023","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the influence of nonsinusoidal flux-waveforms on the remagnetization losses in ferro- and ferrimagnetic materials of inductors, transformers and electrical machines used in power electronic applications. The nonsinusoidal changes of flux originate from driving these devices by nonsinusoidal voltages and currents at different switching frequencies. A detailed examination of a dynamic hysteresis model shows that the physical origin of losses in magnetic material is the average remagnetization velocity rather than the remagnetization frequency. This principle leads to a modification of the most common calculation rule for magnetic core losses, i.e., to the \"modified Steinmetz equation\" (MSE). In the MSE the remagnetization frequency is replaced by an equivalent frequency which is calculated from the average remagnetization velocity. This approach allows, for the first time, to calculate the losses in the time domain for arbitrary waveforms of flux while using the available set of parameters of the classical Steinmetz equation, DC premagnetization of the material, having a substantial influence on the losses, can also be included. Extensive measurements verify the modified Steinmetz equation presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"46 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116394458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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