In this paper, the transient response of the voltage regulator module (VRM) output voltage when the processor has a sudden load change is analyzed. The parasitic parameters play important roles in the transient. The system can be divided into several resonant loops. Each loop can be considered approximately as a decoupled second order system. The voltage drop of the capacitor is analyzed. By reducing the inductance and increasing converter bandwidth, the transient of VRM can be improved.
{"title":"Voltage regulator module (VRM) transient modeling and analysis","authors":"P. Wong, F. Lee, Xunwei Zhou, Jiabin Chen","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.805965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.805965","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the transient response of the voltage regulator module (VRM) output voltage when the processor has a sudden load change is analyzed. The parasitic parameters play important roles in the transient. The system can be divided into several resonant loops. Each loop can be considered approximately as a decoupled second order system. The voltage drop of the capacitor is analyzed. By reducing the inductance and increasing converter bandwidth, the transient of VRM can be improved.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127794000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Brumsickle, G. Luckjiff, R. Schneider, D. Divan, M. McGranaghan
Voltage sags, transients, and momentary interruption of power together constitute 92% of the PQ problems encountered by typical industrial customers. The series-parallel connected dynamic sag corrector (DySC) provides statistically significant protection at greatly reduced cost. The DySC is rated 1.5 kVA 1-phase to 2000 kVA 3-phase and features a patented single stage power conversion circuit with minimal stored energy. A unique circuit allows operation with opened upstream circuit breaker. The paper presents a detailed discussion of DySC operating principles and validation of performance. It also provides conditions under which this new category of product can be applied.
{"title":"Dynamic sag correctors: cost effective industrial power line conditioning","authors":"W. Brumsickle, G. Luckjiff, R. Schneider, D. Divan, M. McGranaghan","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.801675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.801675","url":null,"abstract":"Voltage sags, transients, and momentary interruption of power together constitute 92% of the PQ problems encountered by typical industrial customers. The series-parallel connected dynamic sag corrector (DySC) provides statistically significant protection at greatly reduced cost. The DySC is rated 1.5 kVA 1-phase to 2000 kVA 3-phase and features a patented single stage power conversion circuit with minimal stored energy. A unique circuit allows operation with opened upstream circuit breaker. The paper presents a detailed discussion of DySC operating principles and validation of performance. It also provides conditions under which this new category of product can be applied.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127565039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jung-Soo Choi, Ji-Yong Yoo, Seung-won Lim, Young-Seok Kim
The dead time in PWM inverters is generally used to avoid the short circuit of the DC source. Even though the dead time is chosen to be just a few microseconds, the adverse effects of that on an entire cycle of the inverter output voltage cause serious problems such as waveform distortion and voltage drop. In this paper, a novel dead time minimization algorithm is proposed for improving the inverter output performance. The proposed algorithm consists of forbidding unnecessary triggers for the inverter switches that are not turned on although the gate drive signal is triggered. The validity of the proposed method is verified by comparing the simulation and experimental results with those of the conventional methods. It is concluded from the results that the proposed algorithm can reduce the output current harmonics and the number of inverter switchings.
{"title":"A novel dead time minimization algorithm of the PWM inverter","authors":"Jung-Soo Choi, Ji-Yong Yoo, Seung-won Lim, Young-Seok Kim","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.798757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.798757","url":null,"abstract":"The dead time in PWM inverters is generally used to avoid the short circuit of the DC source. Even though the dead time is chosen to be just a few microseconds, the adverse effects of that on an entire cycle of the inverter output voltage cause serious problems such as waveform distortion and voltage drop. In this paper, a novel dead time minimization algorithm is proposed for improving the inverter output performance. The proposed algorithm consists of forbidding unnecessary triggers for the inverter switches that are not turned on although the gate drive signal is triggered. The validity of the proposed method is verified by comparing the simulation and experimental results with those of the conventional methods. It is concluded from the results that the proposed algorithm can reduce the output current harmonics and the number of inverter switchings.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116781249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mobile roof support (MRS) machines are used as roof support during pillar recovery in retreat operations in lieu of wooden posts, cribs, or hydraulic props. A Mine Safety and Health Administration permissible load rate monitoring system was developed for the MRS by researchers at the Spokane Research Laboratory of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The system uses a dedicated embedded processor to monitor changes in pressure inside the hydraulic cylinders of the MRS through multiplexed data acquisition channels and converts these pressure changes to load rates that sequentially activate three load-rate-indicator lights mounted on the machine. Each light represents a different loading rate to alert mine personnel to dangerous conditions during pillar extraction.
{"title":"Mobile roof support load rate monitoring system","authors":"W. L. Howie, J. Owens","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.799962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.799962","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile roof support (MRS) machines are used as roof support during pillar recovery in retreat operations in lieu of wooden posts, cribs, or hydraulic props. A Mine Safety and Health Administration permissible load rate monitoring system was developed for the MRS by researchers at the Spokane Research Laboratory of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The system uses a dedicated embedded processor to monitor changes in pressure inside the hydraulic cylinders of the MRS through multiplexed data acquisition channels and converts these pressure changes to load rates that sequentially activate three load-rate-indicator lights mounted on the machine. Each light represents a different loading rate to alert mine personnel to dangerous conditions during pillar extraction.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128303544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Elasser, M. Kheraluwala, M. Ghezzo, R. Steigerwald, N. Krishnamurthy, J. Kretchmer, T. Chow
Recent progress in silicon carbide (SiC) material has made it feasible to build power devices of reasonable current density. This paper presents recent results including a comparison with state-of-the-art silicon diodes. Switching losses for two silicon diodes (a fast diode, 600 V, 50 A, 60 ns Trr), an ultra-fast silicon diode (600 V, 50 A, 23 ns Trr) and a 4H-SiC diode (600 V, 50 A) are compared. The effect of diode reverse recovery on the turn-on losses of a fast WARP/sup TM/ IGBT are studied both at room temperature and at 150/spl deg/C. At room temperature, SiC diodes allow a reduction of IGBT turn-on losses by 25% compared to ultra-fast silicon diodes and by 70% compared to fast silicon diodes. At 150/spl deg/C junction temperature, SiC diodes allow a turn-on loss reduction of 35% and 85% compared to ultra-fast and fast silicon diodes respectively. The silicon and SiC diodes are used in a boost power converter with the WARP/sup TM/ IGBT to assess the overall effect of SiC diodes on the power converter characteristics. Efficiency measurements at light load (100 W) and full load (500 W) are reported. Although SiC diodes exhibit very low switching losses, their high conduction losses due to the high forward drop dominate the overall losses, hence reducing the overall efficiency. Since this is an ongoing development, it is expected that future prototypes will have improved forward characteristics.
碳化硅(SiC)材料的最新进展使制造具有合理电流密度的功率器件成为可能。本文介绍了最近的结果，包括与最先进的硅二极管的比较。比较了两个硅二极管(快速二极管，600 V, 50 a, 60 ns Trr)，一个超快速硅二极管(600 V, 50 a, 23 ns Trr)和一个4H-SiC二极管(600 V, 50 a)的开关损耗。在室温和150℃条件下，研究了二极管反向恢复对快速WARP/sup TM/ IGBT导通损耗的影响。在室温下，与超高速硅二极管相比，SiC二极管可将IGBT导通损耗降低25%，与快速硅二极管相比可降低70%。在结温为150/spl的情况下，与超高速和快速硅二极管相比，SiC二极管的导通损耗分别降低了35%和85%。将硅和SiC二极管用于具有WARP/sup TM/ IGBT的升压功率转换器中，以评估SiC二极管对功率转换器特性的总体影响。报告了在轻载(100w)和满载(500w)下的效率测量。虽然SiC二极管表现出非常低的开关损耗，但由于高正向压降导致的高导通损耗主导了整体损耗，从而降低了整体效率。由于这是一个正在进行的开发，预计未来的原型车将有改进的向前特性。
{"title":"A comparative evaluation of new silicon carbide diodes and state-of-the-art silicon diodes for power electronic applications","authors":"A. Elasser, M. Kheraluwala, M. Ghezzo, R. Steigerwald, N. Krishnamurthy, J. Kretchmer, T. Chow","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.799976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.799976","url":null,"abstract":"Recent progress in silicon carbide (SiC) material has made it feasible to build power devices of reasonable current density. This paper presents recent results including a comparison with state-of-the-art silicon diodes. Switching losses for two silicon diodes (a fast diode, 600 V, 50 A, 60 ns Trr), an ultra-fast silicon diode (600 V, 50 A, 23 ns Trr) and a 4H-SiC diode (600 V, 50 A) are compared. The effect of diode reverse recovery on the turn-on losses of a fast WARP/sup TM/ IGBT are studied both at room temperature and at 150/spl deg/C. At room temperature, SiC diodes allow a reduction of IGBT turn-on losses by 25% compared to ultra-fast silicon diodes and by 70% compared to fast silicon diodes. At 150/spl deg/C junction temperature, SiC diodes allow a turn-on loss reduction of 35% and 85% compared to ultra-fast and fast silicon diodes respectively. The silicon and SiC diodes are used in a boost power converter with the WARP/sup TM/ IGBT to assess the overall effect of SiC diodes on the power converter characteristics. Efficiency measurements at light load (100 W) and full load (500 W) are reported. Although SiC diodes exhibit very low switching losses, their high conduction losses due to the high forward drop dominate the overall losses, hence reducing the overall efficiency. Since this is an ongoing development, it is expected that future prototypes will have improved forward characteristics.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132147505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a circuit network analogue for the solution of the Maxwell's equations in composite structures affected by electrostatic discharge events. The proposed equivalent circuit cell consists of conductances, inductances and capacitances. A SPICE simulator is used to solve the resulting network in terms of voltages, currents and their corresponding field variables. The validity of the proposed approach is demonstrated by comparing the results obtained by means of the circuit solution and those computed by a dedicated finite difference code.
{"title":"A circuit approach to model composite structures affected by electrostatic discharge","authors":"C. Buccella","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.799986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.799986","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a circuit network analogue for the solution of the Maxwell's equations in composite structures affected by electrostatic discharge events. The proposed equivalent circuit cell consists of conductances, inductances and capacitances. A SPICE simulator is used to solve the resulting network in terms of voltages, currents and their corresponding field variables. The validity of the proposed approach is demonstrated by comparing the results obtained by means of the circuit solution and those computed by a dedicated finite difference code.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134079657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the introduction of new intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), classical disciplines in electric utilities like protection, control, nonrevenue metering, power quality analysis, disturbance recording and automation will come under one responsibility. The IEDs with very high functionality will lead to significant cost savings and offer new problem solving capabilities. With these changes, utility personnel will need extensive training on the new practices, and a close partnership between vendors and utility customers will be necessary.
{"title":"New intelligent electronic devices change the structure of power distribution systems","authors":"T. Sezi, B. Duncan","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.801621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.801621","url":null,"abstract":"With the introduction of new intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), classical disciplines in electric utilities like protection, control, nonrevenue metering, power quality analysis, disturbance recording and automation will come under one responsibility. The IEDs with very high functionality will lead to significant cost savings and offer new problem solving capabilities. With these changes, utility personnel will need extensive training on the new practices, and a close partnership between vendors and utility customers will be necessary.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134491985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a simple scheme of predictive control of torque and flux is proposed to decrease the torque ripple and improve the flux locus distortion at low speed range in the direct torque control (DTC) of an induction motor. The concept of virtual vectors is also introduced to generate a fixed and higher switching frequency for the PWM invertor. Also, a MRAS (model reference adaptive control system) method using the modified rotor flux model is implemented to identify the rotor speed of induction motor, which can achieve wider bandwidth speed control. The simulation results show that very good dynamic response and steady state precision can be obtained with the proposed schemes, and this is confirmed by the experiments realized with a digital control structure using signal processor TMS320C32.
{"title":"Virtual vectors based predictive control of torque and flux of induction motor and speed sensorless drives","authors":"Jie Chen, Yongdong Li","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.799206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.799206","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a simple scheme of predictive control of torque and flux is proposed to decrease the torque ripple and improve the flux locus distortion at low speed range in the direct torque control (DTC) of an induction motor. The concept of virtual vectors is also introduced to generate a fixed and higher switching frequency for the PWM invertor. Also, a MRAS (model reference adaptive control system) method using the modified rotor flux model is implemented to identify the rotor speed of induction motor, which can achieve wider bandwidth speed control. The simulation results show that very good dynamic response and steady state precision can be obtained with the proposed schemes, and this is confirmed by the experiments realized with a digital control structure using signal processor TMS320C32.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133197017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A compact ignitor is designed for short-arc xenon lamps which require high ignition voltage and fast transition. The ignitor employs two stages of step-up circuits with two small sized transformers. A capacitor with an intermediate voltage is used for storing the energy converted from the DC power supply by the first-stage step-up circuit. The impact voltage necessary for igniting the xenon lamp is generated by the second-stage step-up circuit which is connected in series with the lamp and the DC power supply. The design of the ignitor for a short-arc xenon lamp of 350 W is discussed as an illustrative example.
{"title":"Designing an ignitor for short-arc xenon lamps","authors":"C. Moo, T.F. Lin, Y. Chuang","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.800015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.800015","url":null,"abstract":"A compact ignitor is designed for short-arc xenon lamps which require high ignition voltage and fast transition. The ignitor employs two stages of step-up circuits with two small sized transformers. A capacitor with an intermediate voltage is used for storing the energy converted from the DC power supply by the first-stage step-up circuit. The impact voltage necessary for igniting the xenon lamp is generated by the second-stage step-up circuit which is connected in series with the lamp and the DC power supply. The design of the ignitor for a short-arc xenon lamp of 350 W is discussed as an illustrative example.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133136816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sibylle Dieckerhoff, Michael J. Ryan, R. W. D. Doncker
A power electronic inverter is developed for a high-frequency induction heating application. The application requires up to 160 kW of power at a frequency of 100 kHz. This power-frequency product represents a significant challenge for today's power semiconductor technology. Voltage source and current source inverters both using ZCS or ZVS are analyzed and compared. To attain the level of performance required, an LCL load-resonant topology is selected to enable ZVS close to the zero current crossing of the load. This mode of soft-switching is suitable to greatly reduce the IGBT losses. Inverter control is achieved via a phase locked loop (PLL). This paper presents the circuit design, modeling and control considerations.
{"title":"Design of an IGBT-based LCL-resonant inverter for high-frequency induction heating","authors":"Sibylle Dieckerhoff, Michael J. Ryan, R. W. D. Doncker","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.806017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.806017","url":null,"abstract":"A power electronic inverter is developed for a high-frequency induction heating application. The application requires up to 160 kW of power at a frequency of 100 kHz. This power-frequency product represents a significant challenge for today's power semiconductor technology. Voltage source and current source inverters both using ZCS or ZVS are analyzed and compared. To attain the level of performance required, an LCL load-resonant topology is selected to enable ZVS close to the zero current crossing of the load. This mode of soft-switching is suitable to greatly reduce the IGBT losses. Inverter control is achieved via a phase locked loop (PLL). This paper presents the circuit design, modeling and control considerations.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"277 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114078435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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