Byeong-Seok Lee, H. Bae, P. Vijayraghavan, R. Krishnan
A standard design procedure for a single sided and longitudinal flux based linear switched reluctance machine is developed in this paper. The proposed design procedure utilises the rotating switched reluctance machine design by converting the specifications of the linear machine in to the equivalent rotary machine. The machine design is carried out in the rotary domain which is then transformed back in to the linear domain. Such a procedure brings to bear the knowledge base and familiarity of the rotary machine designers to design a linear machine effectively. The paper contains the illustration of the proposed design procedure for a 4.8 m long prototype. An analysis procedure is developed with a magnetic model and results from it are verified with finite element analysis prior to construction of the prototype. Extensive experimental correlation in the form of inductance vs. position vs. current and propulsion force vs. position vs. current to validate the analysis and design procedure is given in the paper.
{"title":"Design of a linear switched reluctance machine","authors":"Byeong-Seok Lee, H. Bae, P. Vijayraghavan, R. Krishnan","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.799160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.799160","url":null,"abstract":"A standard design procedure for a single sided and longitudinal flux based linear switched reluctance machine is developed in this paper. The proposed design procedure utilises the rotating switched reluctance machine design by converting the specifications of the linear machine in to the equivalent rotary machine. The machine design is carried out in the rotary domain which is then transformed back in to the linear domain. Such a procedure brings to bear the knowledge base and familiarity of the rotary machine designers to design a linear machine effectively. The paper contains the illustration of the proposed design procedure for a 4.8 m long prototype. An analysis procedure is developed with a magnetic model and results from it are verified with finite element analysis prior to construction of the prototype. Extensive experimental correlation in the form of inductance vs. position vs. current and propulsion force vs. position vs. current to validate the analysis and design procedure is given in the paper.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134479679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper deals with a three-phase line-interactive uninterruptible power supply system with active series-parallel power-line conditioning capability, which has sinusoidal output voltage regulation capability and unity power factor. In this system, two active power filter topologies are applied. The first one is a series active power filter which can compensate supply voltage harmonics and voltage unbalances as well. The other is a parallel active power filter which has the following main goals: reactive power compensation; load current harmonics suppression; and battery bank charging during normal power supply conditions. During input power failure, the parallel filter maintains uninterruptible power for critical loads, delivering power from the battery bank without power interruption, ensuring sinusoidal output voltages with constant RMS voltage value and low total harmonic distortion (THD). Therefore the proposed line-interactive UPS has low THD sinusoidal input currents with unity power factor. The control algorithm and mathematical models of the proposed three-phase line-interactive UPS system are described, and digital simulations are presented to verify the good dynamic responses of the versatile scheme.
{"title":"A three-phase series-parallel compensated line-interactive UPS system with sinusoidal input current and sinusoidal output voltage","authors":"S. D. da Silva, P. Donoso-Garcia, P. Cortizo","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.801603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.801603","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with a three-phase line-interactive uninterruptible power supply system with active series-parallel power-line conditioning capability, which has sinusoidal output voltage regulation capability and unity power factor. In this system, two active power filter topologies are applied. The first one is a series active power filter which can compensate supply voltage harmonics and voltage unbalances as well. The other is a parallel active power filter which has the following main goals: reactive power compensation; load current harmonics suppression; and battery bank charging during normal power supply conditions. During input power failure, the parallel filter maintains uninterruptible power for critical loads, delivering power from the battery bank without power interruption, ensuring sinusoidal output voltages with constant RMS voltage value and low total harmonic distortion (THD). Therefore the proposed line-interactive UPS has low THD sinusoidal input currents with unity power factor. The control algorithm and mathematical models of the proposed three-phase line-interactive UPS system are described, and digital simulations are presented to verify the good dynamic responses of the versatile scheme.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127421287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes a new space-vector pulsewidth modulation strategy that can restrict the common mode voltage within one-third of the DC bus voltage in a PWM converter/inverter system with the synchronization of the switching sequence. In this paper, the generation of the common mode voltage pulse whose magnitude reaches two-thirds of DC bus voltage is investigated and elimination of this voltage pulse is presented. The proposed method can be easily implemented in software and requires no extra hardware without degradation in control performance of PWM converter/inverter fed AC motor drives.
{"title":"Common mode voltage reduction method modifying the distribution of zero voltage vector in PWM converter/inverter system","authors":"Hyeoundong Lee, S. Sul","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.805954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.805954","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new space-vector pulsewidth modulation strategy that can restrict the common mode voltage within one-third of the DC bus voltage in a PWM converter/inverter system with the synchronization of the switching sequence. In this paper, the generation of the common mode voltage pulse whose magnitude reaches two-thirds of DC bus voltage is investigated and elimination of this voltage pulse is presented. The proposed method can be easily implemented in software and requires no extra hardware without degradation in control performance of PWM converter/inverter fed AC motor drives.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115346974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For constant current arc welding processes, the arc voltage signal variations that occur as a function of changes in the contact-tube-to-work distance (CTWD) can be used to automatically control a welding system with respect to bead placement and proper sidewall fusion. However, the arc voltage signals are uncertain and noisy because of many external disturbances. In this work, the theory of fuzzy sets was used as a general framework to interpret the uncertain are signals and provide logic for control. The fuzzy logic controller weld joint tracking system was implemented and tested with pulsed gas metal arc welds (P-GMAW) under a variety of conditions. The goal was to obtain quick and accurate response to tracking errors in the presence of disturbances. A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the fuzzy logic controller. The experimental results show that the fuzzy logic controller was found to be suitable for these purposes and better than methods based on signal averaging and bipolar decision levels under these criteria.
{"title":"Application of fuzzy logic to spatial thermal control in fusion welding","authors":"Z. Bingul, G. Cook, Alvin M. Strauss, K. Rashid","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.800017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.800017","url":null,"abstract":"For constant current arc welding processes, the arc voltage signal variations that occur as a function of changes in the contact-tube-to-work distance (CTWD) can be used to automatically control a welding system with respect to bead placement and proper sidewall fusion. However, the arc voltage signals are uncertain and noisy because of many external disturbances. In this work, the theory of fuzzy sets was used as a general framework to interpret the uncertain are signals and provide logic for control. The fuzzy logic controller weld joint tracking system was implemented and tested with pulsed gas metal arc welds (P-GMAW) under a variety of conditions. The goal was to obtain quick and accurate response to tracking errors in the presence of disturbances. A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the fuzzy logic controller. The experimental results show that the fuzzy logic controller was found to be suitable for these purposes and better than methods based on signal averaging and bipolar decision levels under these criteria.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115666474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Automatic voltage control (AVC) systems are commonly used in gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) to maintain constant arc length. Although AVCs usually perform adequately in most operating circumstances, there are conditions during which the traditional systems cause problems because the arc voltage-to-arc length gain, K/sub arc/, a feedforward gain, is not constant but varies with the nominal values of the arc current and voltage. Thus, an AVC that has a fixed voltage set point will not maintain a fixed arc length if the arc current changes. In this paper an adaptive controller is introduced that is capable of "identifying" the arc sensitivity characteristic and adjusting the controller in real time for optimum response without any a priori knowledge of the current/gain relationship.
{"title":"Adaptive voltage control in fusion arc welding","authors":"Poolsak Koseeyaporn, E. George, Alvin M. Straws","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.799177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.799177","url":null,"abstract":"Automatic voltage control (AVC) systems are commonly used in gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) to maintain constant arc length. Although AVCs usually perform adequately in most operating circumstances, there are conditions during which the traditional systems cause problems because the arc voltage-to-arc length gain, K/sub arc/, a feedforward gain, is not constant but varies with the nominal values of the arc current and voltage. Thus, an AVC that has a fixed voltage set point will not maintain a fixed arc length if the arc current changes. In this paper an adaptive controller is introduced that is capable of \"identifying\" the arc sensitivity characteristic and adjusting the controller in real time for optimum response without any a priori knowledge of the current/gain relationship.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117021968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper outlines the development of a battery management system (BMS) for stand alone photovoltaic (PV) energy systems. The BMS calculates the state of charge (SOC) of a lead acid battery to determine the capacity over time. This enables intelligent control schemes to be implemented. A fully functioning prototype was constructed that involved both hardware and software design. Several tests were performed to evaluate the operation of the BMS. The effect of measurement errors on the SOC calculation were subsequently investigated.
{"title":"A battery management system for stand alone photovoltaic energy systems","authors":"S. Duryea, S. Islam, W. Lawrance","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.799211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.799211","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines the development of a battery management system (BMS) for stand alone photovoltaic (PV) energy systems. The BMS calculates the state of charge (SOC) of a lead acid battery to determine the capacity over time. This enables intelligent control schemes to be implemented. A fully functioning prototype was constructed that involved both hardware and software design. Several tests were performed to evaluate the operation of the BMS. The effect of measurement errors on the SOC calculation were subsequently investigated.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"204 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116183250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conventional control depends on the mathematical model of the plant being controlled. When this model is uncertain, intelligent controllers promise better performance. We aim in this paper to compare conventional control to fuzzy logic control (FLC) experimentally. This will be achieved by constructing a hardware station comprising a plant and implementing different control algorithms for the same load conditions or disturbances. FLC requires expertise knowledge of the process operation for FLC parameter setting, and the controller can be only as good as the expertise involved in the design. To make the controller less dependent on the quality of the expert knowledge, we investigate different adaptation schemes to compensate for this deficiency and propose a practical adaptive fuzzy logic controller (AFLC).
{"title":"Experimental comparative analysis of conventional, fuzzy logic, and adaptive fuzzy logic controllers","authors":"Fouad, G. Deeb","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.800022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.800022","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional control depends on the mathematical model of the plant being controlled. When this model is uncertain, intelligent controllers promise better performance. We aim in this paper to compare conventional control to fuzzy logic control (FLC) experimentally. This will be achieved by constructing a hardware station comprising a plant and implementing different control algorithms for the same load conditions or disturbances. FLC requires expertise knowledge of the process operation for FLC parameter setting, and the controller can be only as good as the expertise involved in the design. To make the controller less dependent on the quality of the expert knowledge, we investigate different adaptation schemes to compensate for this deficiency and propose a practical adaptive fuzzy logic controller (AFLC).","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125049635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are many ways to build medium voltage inverters. This paper studies the characteristics of two types of nonregenerative medium voltage source inverters that are in the market place today. Each inverter that was investigated has major differences in circuit topologies, which in turn led to differences in performance characteristics. The operational characteristics and the mechanical construction of a 5 level neutral point clamped medium voltage PWM inverter are described. Particular detail is given in describing the current harmonics present at different speeds of motor operation. The second part of the paper studies a medium voltage drive which was invented by P. Hammond (see IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol.33, no.1, 1997). The inverter was built by Robicon and retrofitted with GE signal electronics. The performance of that GE-Robicon hybrid inverter prototype was measured and is described in this paper.
{"title":"Performance of medium voltage multi-level inverters","authors":"W. A. Hill, C. Harbourt","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.801654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.801654","url":null,"abstract":"There are many ways to build medium voltage inverters. This paper studies the characteristics of two types of nonregenerative medium voltage source inverters that are in the market place today. Each inverter that was investigated has major differences in circuit topologies, which in turn led to differences in performance characteristics. The operational characteristics and the mechanical construction of a 5 level neutral point clamped medium voltage PWM inverter are described. Particular detail is given in describing the current harmonics present at different speeds of motor operation. The second part of the paper studies a medium voltage drive which was invented by P. Hammond (see IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol.33, no.1, 1997). The inverter was built by Robicon and retrofitted with GE signal electronics. The performance of that GE-Robicon hybrid inverter prototype was measured and is described in this paper.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129656433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Existing DC diesel-electric drive systems for off highway haul trucks are at the limits of economical feasibility due to high maintenance costs and power, speed and space constraints of their DC traction motors. Large-scale introduction of AC drives in the rail transportation sector has made compact, powerful, and rugged inverter drives economically viable for the specialty, off-highway hauler market. This paper presents a new AC haul truck drive system featuring GTO inverters, greatly enhanced electric braking, and innovative cooling concepts. A very large increase in electrical power rating allows these trucks to be coupled to overhead trolley lines for an 80% increase in on-grade speed and reduced cycle times. Design features, test results, operational experience, and the outlook for trolley systems are discussed.
{"title":"A GTO powered AC drive system increases the performance of off-highway haul trucks","authors":"G. Brown, W.G. Koellner","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.799961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.799961","url":null,"abstract":"Existing DC diesel-electric drive systems for off highway haul trucks are at the limits of economical feasibility due to high maintenance costs and power, speed and space constraints of their DC traction motors. Large-scale introduction of AC drives in the rail transportation sector has made compact, powerful, and rugged inverter drives economically viable for the specialty, off-highway hauler market. This paper presents a new AC haul truck drive system featuring GTO inverters, greatly enhanced electric braking, and innovative cooling concepts. A very large increase in electrical power rating allows these trucks to be coupled to overhead trolley lines for an 80% increase in on-grade speed and reduced cycle times. Design features, test results, operational experience, and the outlook for trolley systems are discussed.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130018125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the chief obstacles to constructing a reliable, low-cost, practical magnetic bearing is designing a suitable position sensor. A homopolar magnetic bearing that uses the same coils to stabilize the rotor and sense its position is introduced. A prototype bearing has been built and successfully used to stabilize a rotor. The electromagnetic analysis of the self-sensing function, the implementation of the prototype design, and experimental results verifying the theoretical analysis of the self-sensing scheme are presented in this paper.
{"title":"A self-sensing homopolar magnetic bearing: analysis and experimental results","authors":"P. Tsao, S. R. Sanders, G. Risk","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.799200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.799200","url":null,"abstract":"One of the chief obstacles to constructing a reliable, low-cost, practical magnetic bearing is designing a suitable position sensor. A homopolar magnetic bearing that uses the same coils to stabilize the rotor and sense its position is introduced. A prototype bearing has been built and successfully used to stabilize a rotor. The electromagnetic analysis of the self-sensing function, the implementation of the prototype design, and experimental results verifying the theoretical analysis of the self-sensing scheme are presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130046173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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