In this paper, the design and control aspects of a multi-span tension simulator are presented. The simulator consists of four driven rolls including unwinder, winder and two bridle rolls. Some relationships between design parameters and characteristics of the simulator are explained as a design guide of a multi-span system. A new control algorithm of continuous load balance control is proposed for the control of speed and tension in multi-span system. The strip tension is controlled by the continuous balancing of the load torque of rolls without tension sensor. The simulation and experimental results reveal conspicuous improvement of tension control performance by the proposed algorithm.
{"title":"Design and control of multi-span tension simulator","authors":"Seung-Ho Song, S. Sul","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.801620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.801620","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the design and control aspects of a multi-span tension simulator are presented. The simulator consists of four driven rolls including unwinder, winder and two bridle rolls. Some relationships between design parameters and characteristics of the simulator are explained as a design guide of a multi-span system. A new control algorithm of continuous load balance control is proposed for the control of speed and tension in multi-span system. The strip tension is controlled by the continuous balancing of the load torque of rolls without tension sensor. The simulation and experimental results reveal conspicuous improvement of tension control performance by the proposed algorithm.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122358848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, techniques for improving the efficiency of small, line-start motors are investigated. Through a combination of formal optimisation methods and standard design techniques, the efficiency of an induction motor is increased by 4%. This motor is then used as a basis for the design of a line start permanent magnet motor (LSPM). Steady-state and dynamic finite-element analysis of the LSPM indicates that significant efficiency improvements are obtained and that the motor will start when fully loaded.
{"title":"The design of high-efficiency line-start motors","authors":"A. Knight, C. McClay","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.800002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.800002","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, techniques for improving the efficiency of small, line-start motors are investigated. Through a combination of formal optimisation methods and standard design techniques, the efficiency of an induction motor is increased by 4%. This motor is then used as a basis for the design of a line start permanent magnet motor (LSPM). Steady-state and dynamic finite-element analysis of the LSPM indicates that significant efficiency improvements are obtained and that the motor will start when fully loaded.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122556316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Villablanca, J. Abarca, C. Cuevas, A. Valencia, W. Rojas
Adjustable speed synchronous motors are very popular in large power applications. The Chilean mining industry use them in milling operations in ranges of several thousands hp. Although a high pulse number for the inverter would be beneficial, it never goes beyond 12, due to complicated transformer connections. Thus, a highly-distorted harmonic-rich current feeds the synchronous motor, increasing the inverter commutation angle and causing additional rotor-heating and pulsating electric torque. In this paper a new design for the inverter, without complicated circuitry, is proposed, so that it works with 36 pulses and then the motor is fed with a highly sinusoidal current. Also, the same technique is applied to the rectifier end, so that an effective harmonic reduction is carried out at both ends of the system, i.e. the motor as well as the AC system.
{"title":"Adjustable speed synchronous motors. I. System harmonic reduction","authors":"M. Villablanca, J. Abarca, C. Cuevas, A. Valencia, W. Rojas","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.806010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.806010","url":null,"abstract":"Adjustable speed synchronous motors are very popular in large power applications. The Chilean mining industry use them in milling operations in ranges of several thousands hp. Although a high pulse number for the inverter would be beneficial, it never goes beyond 12, due to complicated transformer connections. Thus, a highly-distorted harmonic-rich current feeds the synchronous motor, increasing the inverter commutation angle and causing additional rotor-heating and pulsating electric torque. In this paper a new design for the inverter, without complicated circuitry, is proposed, so that it works with 36 pulses and then the motor is fed with a highly sinusoidal current. Also, the same technique is applied to the rectifier end, so that an effective harmonic reduction is carried out at both ends of the system, i.e. the motor as well as the AC system.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116996521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our study dealt with the factors that influence the accuracy of the measurements performed with a calorimeter, developed to detect the optical signal, emitted by the spark generated to facilitate experiments with electrostatic discharge. Experiments are described, which were performed with a special calorimeter and a compound optical source consisting of a spark gap, a human-body-model ESD signal generator, and four light emitting diodes. The spark gap was used as a versatile and more powerful source of optical emission than the human-body-model circuit; the LED source was used for calibration and alignment. For control, the spectrum of the spark discharge was measured with a spectrometer and a broadband photodetector. The calorimeter system sensitivity in terms of output voltage to input energy was reasonably linear, although its response depended somewhat on the gap separation. The long-term stability of the system was measured, and the system response was studied for threshold optical signals. The calorimeter was used to calibrate a spectrometer, that allowed the spark discharge to be measured in the visible and infrared regions. The optical signal collecting system was provided with a further calibration and alignment by means of a set of light emitting diodes. The calorimeter detectivity was D=4.3/spl times/10/sup 7/ V.J/sup -1/ and its detection limit 2.3/spl times/10/sup -13/ J. The system's response to the IEC standard human-body-model circuit was consistent with the measurements of the system's detectivity.
{"title":"Calibration of a calorimeter for measurements of electrostatic discharge","authors":"Z. Kucerovsky, W. Greason, M. Flatley","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.801585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.801585","url":null,"abstract":"Our study dealt with the factors that influence the accuracy of the measurements performed with a calorimeter, developed to detect the optical signal, emitted by the spark generated to facilitate experiments with electrostatic discharge. Experiments are described, which were performed with a special calorimeter and a compound optical source consisting of a spark gap, a human-body-model ESD signal generator, and four light emitting diodes. The spark gap was used as a versatile and more powerful source of optical emission than the human-body-model circuit; the LED source was used for calibration and alignment. For control, the spectrum of the spark discharge was measured with a spectrometer and a broadband photodetector. The calorimeter system sensitivity in terms of output voltage to input energy was reasonably linear, although its response depended somewhat on the gap separation. The long-term stability of the system was measured, and the system response was studied for threshold optical signals. The calorimeter was used to calibrate a spectrometer, that allowed the spark discharge to be measured in the visible and infrared regions. The optical signal collecting system was provided with a further calibration and alignment by means of a set of light emitting diodes. The calorimeter detectivity was D=4.3/spl times/10/sup 7/ V.J/sup -1/ and its detection limit 2.3/spl times/10/sup -13/ J. The system's response to the IEC standard human-body-model circuit was consistent with the measurements of the system's detectivity.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129550610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Efficient light production in AC supplied LPS (low-pressure sodium) lamps is strongly dependent on plasma conditions within the complete half-cycle. Significant luminous efficacy gains are obtained with sinusoidal currents of hundreds of kilohertz or rectangular current form at lower frequencies. Measurements of light emission from a 18 W LPS at several operating conditions, reported in this paper, can be useful to establish a compromise between supply frequency and current waveform shape for electronic ballast design.
{"title":"Influence of frequency and current waveform on low pressure sodium lamp operation","authors":"W. Kaiser","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.800013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.800013","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient light production in AC supplied LPS (low-pressure sodium) lamps is strongly dependent on plasma conditions within the complete half-cycle. Significant luminous efficacy gains are obtained with sinusoidal currents of hundreds of kilohertz or rectangular current form at lower frequencies. Measurements of light emission from a 18 W LPS at several operating conditions, reported in this paper, can be useful to establish a compromise between supply frequency and current waveform shape for electronic ballast design.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128333693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a method for improving the performance at low speed of sensorless vector controlled induction machines. The speed range for such machine drives is limited to about 1:100 in industry. The main reason for this limitation is inaccuracy of stator voltage regulation. The lower the motor speed becomes, the lower the stator voltage becomes. Therefore, it is difficult to regulate or measure the stator voltage precisely at low speed, and difficult to control motor speed and motor torque precisely. The authors have proposed a method of improving the low speed performance of sensorless vector controlled induction machine drives by offset compensation of the stator voltage. However, the method needs a lot of time to estimate the DC offset value included in the measured stator voltage. In this paper, a modified offset compensation algorithm is proposed. The newly proposed method needs only a few cycles to estimate it.
{"title":"Sensorless vector controlled induction machine drives with fast stator voltage offset compensation","authors":"H. Kubota, Yukio Kataoka, H. Ohta, K. Matsuse","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.799167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.799167","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a method for improving the performance at low speed of sensorless vector controlled induction machines. The speed range for such machine drives is limited to about 1:100 in industry. The main reason for this limitation is inaccuracy of stator voltage regulation. The lower the motor speed becomes, the lower the stator voltage becomes. Therefore, it is difficult to regulate or measure the stator voltage precisely at low speed, and difficult to control motor speed and motor torque precisely. The authors have proposed a method of improving the low speed performance of sensorless vector controlled induction machine drives by offset compensation of the stator voltage. However, the method needs a lot of time to estimate the DC offset value included in the measured stator voltage. In this paper, a modified offset compensation algorithm is proposed. The newly proposed method needs only a few cycles to estimate it.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130518062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Often, the formulation chemistry of powder is optimized based on functional and aesthetic requirements, such as UV protection, chip resistance, weatherability, and the glossiness of the powder coated film. Once the formulation chemistry of a powder is finalized, it becomes necessary to adjust the physical parameters of the powder and the application engineering processes for best appearance and highest transfer efficiency (TE). In this paper, theoretical aspects and experimental data are provided on the effect of ion current density on the charging of particles, TE, and appearance of the cured film. The onset of back corona as a function of the product of charge-to-mass ratio (Q/M) and the thickness of the powder layer on the conducting substrate are discussed. To examine the TE and appearance in the absence of free ion current, comparisons are made between the performance of corona charging and tribo charging guns.
{"title":"Effect of ion current on transfer efficiency and appearance in the powder coating process","authors":"W. Chik, R. Sims, M. Mazumder, W. Guo, D. Wankum","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.798753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.798753","url":null,"abstract":"Often, the formulation chemistry of powder is optimized based on functional and aesthetic requirements, such as UV protection, chip resistance, weatherability, and the glossiness of the powder coated film. Once the formulation chemistry of a powder is finalized, it becomes necessary to adjust the physical parameters of the powder and the application engineering processes for best appearance and highest transfer efficiency (TE). In this paper, theoretical aspects and experimental data are provided on the effect of ion current density on the charging of particles, TE, and appearance of the cured film. The onset of back corona as a function of the product of charge-to-mass ratio (Q/M) and the thickness of the powder layer on the conducting substrate are discussed. To examine the TE and appearance in the absence of free ion current, comparisons are made between the performance of corona charging and tribo charging guns.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126819733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Double-layer power capacitors (DLCs) are very attractive in several applications and specially in high power load shaving. However, the electrical behaviour of these devices is considerably different from the traditional capacitors. Due to the low voltage of the single cell DLC, many devices have to be connected in series to reach the technically required voltages. This paper presents the aspects to be considered in building an energy storage system based on double-layer capacitors, especially those factors that may affect the voltage sharing among capacitors. Furthermore, the paper presents the experimental results from a 400 kW sec energy storage system built with 100 double-layer capacitors connected in series.
{"title":"Experimental 400 kW sec double-layer capacitor energy storage system","authors":"L. Zubieta, R. Bonert","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.799184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.799184","url":null,"abstract":"Double-layer power capacitors (DLCs) are very attractive in several applications and specially in high power load shaving. However, the electrical behaviour of these devices is considerably different from the traditional capacitors. Due to the low voltage of the single cell DLC, many devices have to be connected in series to reach the technically required voltages. This paper presents the aspects to be considered in building an energy storage system based on double-layer capacitors, especially those factors that may affect the voltage sharing among capacitors. Furthermore, the paper presents the experimental results from a 400 kW sec energy storage system built with 100 double-layer capacitors connected in series.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121661202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Improving the utilization of transformers requires that the hot-spot and top-oil temperatures (HSTs and TOTs) be predicted accurately. Our experimentation with various discretization schemes and models, proved that many of the linear and nonlinear semi-physical and nonphysical models we were using to predict transformer TOT were correctly modeling the TOT behavior. Our experience convinced us that noisy input data and the absence of data on significant driving variables, not model deficiencies, were frustrating our attempts to reduce the prediction error further. In this paper, we discuss the body of research that leads us to these conclusions.
{"title":"The effect of quantization and sampling time on transformers thermal performance and parameters calculation","authors":"D. Tylavsky, Q. He, J. Si, G. McCulla, J. Hunt","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.801676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.801676","url":null,"abstract":"Improving the utilization of transformers requires that the hot-spot and top-oil temperatures (HSTs and TOTs) be predicted accurately. Our experimentation with various discretization schemes and models, proved that many of the linear and nonlinear semi-physical and nonphysical models we were using to predict transformer TOT were correctly modeling the TOT behavior. Our experience convinced us that noisy input data and the absence of data on significant driving variables, not model deficiencies, were frustrating our attempts to reduce the prediction error further. In this paper, we discuss the body of research that leads us to these conclusions.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125251590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are many methods available for evaluating the frequency and duration of load point interruptions within a given industrial power system configuration. As systems become larger and more interconnected, these existing methods can become computationally bound and limited in their ability to assess the impact of unreliable protective equipment and unreliable protection-coordination schemes on individual load point reliability indices within a given plant configuration. These methods also often cannot account for complex isolation and restoration procedures within an industrial plant configuration. This paper presents a zone branch methodology that overcomes many of these limitations and applies the methodology to a large industrial plant power system configuration. The primary advantage of the zone branch methodology is that it can readily identify faulty protection schemes involving all the components of an industrial power system and evaluate load point reliability indices.
{"title":"Zone branch reliability methodology for analyzing industrial power systems","authors":"D. Koval","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.801625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.801625","url":null,"abstract":"There are many methods available for evaluating the frequency and duration of load point interruptions within a given industrial power system configuration. As systems become larger and more interconnected, these existing methods can become computationally bound and limited in their ability to assess the impact of unreliable protective equipment and unreliable protection-coordination schemes on individual load point reliability indices within a given plant configuration. These methods also often cannot account for complex isolation and restoration procedures within an industrial plant configuration. This paper presents a zone branch methodology that overcomes many of these limitations and applies the methodology to a large industrial plant power system configuration. The primary advantage of the zone branch methodology is that it can readily identify faulty protection schemes involving all the components of an industrial power system and evaluate load point reliability indices.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125980864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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