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Radioactivation Measurement of a Protective Collimator and Comparisons with Simulation After METU-Defocusing Beamline Pretest Irradiation metu离焦光束线预测辐照后防护准直器的辐射测量及与仿真比较
IF 0.9 Q2 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2022-10-14 DOI: 10.35378/gujs.1018518
B. Demirköz, P. Uslu Kiçeci, S. Uzun Duran
Electronic components must be tested to allow for safe and reliable missions in radiation environments. The METU Defocusing Beamline (METU-DBL) was installed in the R&D room at the Particle Accelerator Facility (PAF) of Turkey Energy, Nuclear and Mining Research Institute (TENMRI) to perform proton irradiation tests for these electronic components in accordance with the ESA (European Space Agency) ESCC (European Space Components Coordination) No:25100 standard. METU-DBL uses beam elements such as quadrupole magnets and collimators to enlarge the beam and decrease the flux respectively for the specifications of the standard. A pretest setup was constructed and this system was operated for a total of 17 hours for three months before the METU-DBL final design was assembled. The first protective collimator is made of stainless steel 316L and was used during the period of pretests. As a result of these irradiations, the emerged radioisotopes in the collimator were observed and measured insitu with a NaI detector. These measurements were compared with the FLUKA simulations 120 days after the last irradiation. Among fourteen radioisotopes, only six of them with activity above 1.0×101 Bq/cm3 were matched.
必须对电子部件进行测试,以便在辐射环境中执行安全可靠的任务。METU散焦光束线(METU-DBL)安装在土耳其能源、核与采矿研究所(TENMRI)粒子加速器设施(PAF)的研发室中,以根据欧空局(欧洲航天局)ESCC(欧洲空间组件协调)编号:25100标准对这些电子组件进行质子辐照测试。METU-DBL使用四极磁体和准直器等光束元件来分别放大光束和减小通量以满足标准的规范。在METU-DBL最终设计组装之前,构建了一个预测试装置,该系统总共运行了17个小时,持续了三个月。第一个保护准直器由316L不锈钢制成,并在预测试期间使用。由于这些辐射,准直器中出现的放射性同位素被NaI探测器原位观察和测量。将这些测量结果与最后一次照射后120天的FLUKA模拟结果进行比较。在14种放射性同位素中,只有6种放射性同位素的活度超过1.0×101Bq/cm3。
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引用次数: 0
BOOTSTRAP APPROACH FOR TESTING MORE THAN TWO POPULATION MEANS WITH RANKED SET SAMPLING 用排序集抽样检验两个以上总体均值的自举方法
IF 0.9 Q2 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.35378/gujs.1038212
Nurdan YENİAY KOÇER, Y. Özdemir, F. Gökpınar
In this study, hypothesis test is investigated based on Bootstrap sample selection methods to compare more than two population means under Ranked Set Sampling. Bootstrap sample selection methods are obtained by adapting Hui’s sample selection methods for confidence interval. We also compare these adapted methods with their alternatives using simulation study. Simulation study shows that adapted methods which proposed in this paper perform quite well.
在本研究中,假设检验是基于Bootstrap样本选择方法,以比较两个以上的总体平均数下的排序集抽样。将Hui的样本选择方法应用于置信区间,得到了Bootstrap样本选择方法。我们还通过模拟研究将这些适应的方法与它们的替代方法进行了比较。仿真研究表明,本文提出的自适应方法性能良好。
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引用次数: 0
Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden Grown in Open Field and Indoor 露地和室内生长的木犀(库克)的植物化学筛选及其抗菌活性
IF 0.9 Q2 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.35378/gujs.995742
Nurkhalida Kamal, Hazniza Adnan, J. Latip
Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden, known as tiger milk mushroom, is a rare and valuable medicinal mushroom that is widely used throughout Southeast Asia and South China for treating several ailments. This study was conducted to screen the phytochemicals present in L. rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden sclerotium grown from two different environments, open field and indoor, and evaluate the antibacterial activity. In this study, phytochemical screening of ethyl acetate and methanolic extract of L. rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden sclerotium were done using various chemical tests to identify the compounds present in the extracts. All the extracts were then tested for antibacterial activity against three different bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at the concentrations of 20 and 30 mg/mL using disc diffusion method. Based on the phytochemical screening result, extracts of L. rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden demonstrated the presence of steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids. The antibacterial assays revealed that the ethyl acetate extracts from open field and indoor cultivations exhibited moderate activities against S. aureus at 30 mg/mL with the values of the inhibition zone being 13.3 ± 0.67 mm and 11.0 ± 0.58 mm, respectively.
木犀菌(库克)被称为虎奶蘑菇,是一种罕见而珍贵的药用蘑菇,在东南亚和华南地区广泛用于治疗多种疾病。本研究筛选了生长在野外和室内两种不同环境中的L.rhinocerotis(Cooke)Ryvarden菌核中的植物化学物质,并对其抗菌活性进行了评价。在本研究中,采用各种化学测试方法对犀核菌(库克)的乙酸乙酯和甲醇提取物进行了植物化学筛选,以鉴定提取物中存在的化合物。然后使用圆盘扩散法测试所有提取物在20和30mg/mL浓度下对三种不同细菌(包括金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌)的抗菌活性。根据植物化学筛选结果,L.rhinocerotis(Cooke)Ryvarden的提取物显示存在类固醇、萜类、生物碱和类黄酮。抗菌试验表明,露天和室内培养的乙酸乙酯提取物在30mg/mL时对金黄色葡萄球菌表现出中等的活性,抑制区的值分别为13.3±0.67mm和11.0±0.58mm。
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引用次数: 0
The study on QSAR and relations between molecular descriptors of 5, 8-quinoline quinones derivatives 5,8 -喹啉类醌类衍生物的QSAR及分子描述符关系研究
IF 0.9 Q2 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2022-10-07 DOI: 10.35378/gujs.1051216
Y. Gülseven Sıdır, İ. Sıdır
Abstract In this study, some electronic, hydrophobic and thermochemical parameters of 28 different 5,8-quinolinequinone derivatives having diverse substituents have been calculated by using DFT (B3LYP)/6-31G(d, p) method and basis set. Relationships between different molecular descriptors have been studied by using molecular polarizability (α), dipole moment (μ), EHOMO, ELUMO, molecular volume (Vm), ionization potential (IP), electron affinity (EA), electronegativity (χ), molecular hardness (η), molecular softness (S), electrophilic index (ω), molar refractivity (MR), octanol–water partition coefficient (log P), thermochemical properties (entropy (Se), capacity of heat (C)); as to investigate activity relationships with molecular structure. In addition, the QSAR/QSPR between molecular properties and biological activity (anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activity) has been investigated, where R, R2, F, P and RMSE have taken into account in order to find a statistically correct model in QSAR studies. The dependence of the electronegativity parameter on both electronic and thermochemical parameters is found to be the most correlated parameter.
摘要本文采用DFT (B3LYP)/6-31G(d, p)方法和基集计算了28种不同取代基的5,8-喹啉醌衍生物的电子、疏水性和热化学参数。利用分子极化率(α)、偶极矩(μ)、EHOMO、ELUMO、分子体积(Vm)、电离势(IP)、电子亲和性(EA)、电负性(χ)、分子硬度(η)、分子柔软度(S)、亲电指数(ω)、摩尔折射率(MR)、辛醇-水分配系数(log P)、热化学性质(熵(Se)、热容(C))研究了不同分子描述符之间的关系;探讨活性与分子结构的关系。此外,我们还研究了分子特性与生物活性(抗增殖和抗炎活性)之间的QSAR/QSPR,其中考虑了R、R2、F、P和RMSE,以便在QSAR研究中找到一个统计正确的模型。电负性参数对电子和热化学参数的依赖性是最相关的参数。
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引用次数: 0
Robust Spoofed Speech Detection with Denoised I-vectors 基于去噪I矢量的鲁棒假脱机语音检测
IF 0.9 Q2 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2022-10-06 DOI: 10.35378/gujs.1062788
Gökay Dişken
Spoofed speech detection is recently gaining attention of the researchers as speaker verification is shown to be vulnerable to spoofing attacks such as voice conversion, speech synthesis, replay, and impersonation. Although various different methods have been proposed to detect spoofed speech, their performances decrease dramatically under the mismatched conditions due to the additive or reverberant noises. Conventional speech enhancement methods fail to recover the performance gap, hence more advanced techniques seem to be necessary to solve the noisy spoofed speech detection problem. In this work, Denoising Autoencoder (DAE) is used to obtain clean estimates of i-vectors from their noisy versions. ASVspoof 2015 database is used in the experiments with five different noise types, added to the original utterances at 0, 10, and 20 dB signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). The experimental results verified that the DAE provides a more robust spoof detection, where the conventional methods fail.
由于说话人验证容易受到语音转换、语音合成、重放和模仿等欺骗攻击的影响,欺骗语音检测最近受到了研究人员的关注。尽管人们提出了各种不同的方法来检测欺骗语音,但由于加性噪声或混响噪声的不匹配,它们的性能急剧下降。传统的语音增强方法无法恢复性能差距,因此需要更先进的技术来解决噪声欺骗语音检测问题。在这项工作中,使用去噪自动编码器(DAE)从i向量的噪声版本中获得干净的估计。实验使用ASVspoof 2015数据库,在原始语音中分别添加0、10和20 dB信噪比的5种不同类型的噪声。实验结果证实,DAE提供了一个更强大的欺骗检测,而传统的方法失败。
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引用次数: 0
Alternative Support Material to Platinum Catalyst Used for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Nonporous Carbon 用于氧还原反应的铂催化剂的替代支撑材料:无孔碳
IF 0.9 Q2 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.35378/gujs.1054803
Ayşenur Öztürk, Ayşe Bayrakçeken
In this study, unlike the porous carbon as a conventional catalyst support material in fuel cells, nonporous carbon was synthesized in the presence of different acid concentrations (0.2 M-1 M) and investigated as a support material for platinum (Pt) catalysts in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Since the micropore volume of the synthesized carbons is negligible, the detected surface areas with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method were in the range of 19-23 m2/g. Among the support materials, the carbon-supported Pt catalyst synthesized in the presence of 1 M acid was investigated electrochemically in terms of hydrogen oxidation (HOR) and ORR half-cell reactions in the three-electrode system. The Pt catalyst supported with nonporous carbon, synthesized using 1 M acid, reached the maximum limiting current value of -0.25 mA/cm2 (@2500 rpm) at ORR hydrodynamic curves. Low internal and charge transfer resistances of the same catalyst in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis are attributable to its nonporous structure.
在本研究中,与多孔碳作为燃料电池中传统的催化剂载体材料不同,非多孔碳在不同酸浓度(0.2 M-1 M)下合成,并在氧还原反应(ORR)中作为铂(Pt)催化剂的载体材料进行了研究。由于合成的碳的微孔体积可以忽略不计,因此用brunauer - emmet - teller (BET)法检测到的比表面积在19-23 m2/g范围内。在载体材料中,对1 M酸存在下合成的碳负载Pt催化剂在三电极体系中进行了氢氧化(HOR)和ORR半电池反应的电化学研究。用1 M酸合成的无孔碳负载Pt催化剂在ORR流体动力学曲线上达到了-0.25 mA/cm2 (@2500 rpm)的最大极限电流值。在电化学阻抗谱(EIS)分析中,同一催化剂具有较低的内部电阻和电荷转移电阻,这是由于其无孔结构。
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引用次数: 0
Locational Characteristics and Impact of Attenda Abattoir, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 尼日利亚Ogbomoso Attenda屠宰场的位置特征和影响
IF 0.9 Q2 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.35378/gujs.964138
S. Olanrewaju, Fadila Garba, Yetunde Babayemi̇
The study examined the locational characteristics and impacts of attenda abattoir, Ogbomoso town, Oyo state, Nigeria. This is with a view to proffering recommendations that will aid the achievement of sustainable development in the area. To achieve this, a ring of 100 meter radius was delineated around the abattoir, and a landuse inventory was done. Thereafter, observation and measurement was done daily in the abattoir for a month, excluding Sundays that operations were not carried. Observations made include daily numbers of cow killed, the volume of wastewater utilised in the slaughter slab, and characteristics of the semisolid waste disposed daily. To assess the impact of the abattoir, water samples were obtained from point of discharged (POD) of waste water to the stream, 30 meters, 60 meters and 90 meters on the course of the stream. Also samples were obtained from a well each, found within 30 meters, 60 meters, and 90 meters from the abattoir. The obtained water samples were tested for pH, Conductivity, Lead, Dissolved Oxygen, Cadmium, and bacterial content such as salmonella sp. and E.coli, using the procedure of Magaji and Chup, (2012). Obtained data were subjected to descriptive statistics such as frequency count and percentage. Tables were also used to summarise data. The closest landuse to the abattoir is a 40 km stream with the setback of 2.6 meters. This setback is used as waste dump. In the abattoir, an average of 19 cows are killed daily. For this operation, an average of 1153.7 litres of wastewater is generated and discharged into the nearby stream. Hence the pH value of the stream is 5.20, 5.35, 5.41 and 5.40 respectively at POD, 30 meter, 60 meters and 90 meters respectively. Also, the concentration of Lead (Fe2+) in water samples is higher than FEPA limits of 0.01mg/l. The study recommends relocation of abattoir, urban renewal of abattoir area, and encouragement of residents and butchers to visit hospital for medical checkups. The study therefore concludes that sustainable environmental management cannot be achieved without effective landuse planning.
该研究考察了尼日利亚奥约州Ogbomoso镇attenda屠宰场的位置特征和影响。这是为了提出有助于实现该地区可持续发展的建议。为了实现这一点,在屠宰场周围划定了一个半径为100米的环形区域,并对土地使用情况进行了清查。此后,在一个月的时间里,每天在屠宰场进行观察和测量,不包括没有进行手术的周日。观察结果包括每天杀死的奶牛数量、屠宰板中使用的废水量以及每天处理的半固体废物的特性。为了评估屠宰场的影响,从废水排放到溪流的30米、60米和90米处采集了水样。此外,在距离屠宰场30米、60米和90米的范围内分别从一口井中获得了样本。使用Magaji和Chup(2012)的程序,对获得的水样进行pH、电导率、铅、溶解氧、镉和细菌含量测试,如沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌。对获得的数据进行描述性统计,如频率计数和百分比。表格也用于总结数据。离屠宰场最近的土地是一条40公里长的溪流,后退2.6米。此后退处用作垃圾场。在屠宰场,平均每天有19头牛被宰杀。在这项作业中,平均产生1153.7升废水,并排放到附近的溪流中。因此,在POD、30米、60米和90米处,溪流的pH值分别为5.20、5.35、5.41和5.40。此外,水样中的铅(Fe2+)浓度高于FEPA限值0.01mg/l。该研究建议搬迁屠宰场,对屠宰场区域进行城市更新,并鼓励居民和屠夫去医院进行体检。因此,该研究得出结论,如果没有有效的土地利用规划,就无法实现可持续的环境管理。
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引用次数: 0
Classes of Population Mean Estimators using Transformed Variables in Double Sampling 双采样中使用变换变量的一类总体均值估计
IF 0.9 Q2 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2022-09-26 DOI: 10.35378/gujs.1056453
Natthapat Thongsak, Nuanpan Lawson
Transformation techniques have been used to increase the efficiency of estimators in sample surveys. In this paper, some classes of population mean estimators using transformation on an auxiliary variable and on both the auxiliary and study variables have been proposed under double sampling. We obtain the biases and mean square errors of the proposed estimators up to the first order of approximation. A simulation study and application to a rubber production dataset have been used to illustrate the performance of the proposed estimators. The results show that the proposed estimators perform much better than other existing estimators under given conditions.
转换技术已被用于提高抽样调查中估计量的效率。本文在双抽样条件下,利用辅助变量以及辅助变量和研究变量的变换,提出了几类总体均值估计量。我们得到了所提出的估计量的偏差和均方误差,直到一阶近似。通过对橡胶生产数据集的模拟研究和应用,说明了所提出的估计器的性能。结果表明,在给定条件下,所提出的估计量比现有的估计量性能要好得多。
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引用次数: 2
Investigation of Sinterability of WC-Co component comprising of AISI 4340 Steel Inserts AISI 4340钢嵌入件WC-Co部件的烧结性能研究
IF 0.9 Q2 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2022-09-26 DOI: 10.35378/gujs.1070501
M. Subaşı, Harun Kocak, A. Safarian, C. Karatas
In this study, sinterability of WC-9% Co component with AISI 4340 steel insert was investigated using Inserted Powder Injection Molding (IPIM) method. Sintering experiments were performed at temperatures of 1200 °C to 1350 °C with dwell times of 120, 240, 360 min. Defects such as gaps, cracks and macro-porosities were observed in specimens, sintered at temperatures of 1200 °C and 1250 °C for all dwell times. It was proved that sintering temperature of 1350 °C was as high as it caused insert to get deformed and melted. As a result, the optimum sintering temperature and dwell time were determined to be 1300 °C and 240 min, respectively, at which the highest hardness, compression strength, and sintered density were obtained without any defects such as cracks or gaps.
在本研究中,采用插入粉末注射成型(IPIM)方法研究了WC-9%Co部件与AISI 4340钢插入件的烧结性能。烧结实验在1200°C至1350°C的温度下进行,停留时间为120、240、360分钟。在所有停留时间的1200°C和1250°C温度下烧结的试样中观察到间隙、裂纹和宏观孔隙率等缺陷。研究表明,1350°C的烧结温度与引起镶块变形和熔化的温度一样高。结果,确定的最佳烧结温度和停留时间分别为1300°C和240分钟,在该温度下获得了最高的硬度、压缩强度和烧结密度,没有任何缺陷,如裂纹或间隙。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of pressure on electronic, mechanical, and dynamic properties for orthorhombic WP 压力对正交WP的电子、机械和动力学性能的影响
IF 0.9 Q2 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.35378/gujs.1122891
C. Tayran, M. Çakmak
The structural, mechanical, electronic, and dynamic features of MnP-type WP have been presented under 0-50 GPa hydrostatic pressure utilizing density functional theory. The lattice constants, values of volume, and bond lengths are decreased with increasing pressure. It is found that the results of electronic band structures show that WP preserves its metallic feature under the pressure. The electronic band structures are shifted up in Y–Γ and Γ–X symmetry points under pressure. The partial density of the states indicates that hybridization occurs between W-d and P-p orbitals and also W–d orbital is dominated at all pressures. It is obtained that the mechanical properties of WP are increased with the increasing pressure. Additionally, the WP becomes more ductile under pressure. According to phonon dispersions, it is investigated that WP is dynamically stable under pressure.
利用密度泛函理论,介绍了MnP型WP在0~50GPa静水压力下的结构、力学、电子和动力学特性。晶格常数、体积值和键长随着压力的增加而减小。电子能带结构的结果表明,WP在压力作用下保持了其金属特性。在压力作用下,电子能带结构在Y–Γ和Γ–X对称点上移。态的部分密度表明,杂化发生在W-d和P-P轨道之间,并且W–d轨道在所有压力下都占主导地位。结果表明,WP的力学性能随着压力的增加而提高。此外,WP在压力下变得更具延展性。根据声子色散,研究了WP在压力作用下的动力学稳定性。
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引用次数: 0
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gazi university journal of science
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