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Locational Characteristics and Impact of Attenda Abattoir, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 尼日利亚Ogbomoso Attenda屠宰场的位置特征和影响
IF 0.9 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.35378/gujs.964138
S. Olanrewaju, Fadila Garba, Yetunde Babayemi̇
The study examined the locational characteristics and impacts of attenda abattoir, Ogbomoso town, Oyo state, Nigeria. This is with a view to proffering recommendations that will aid the achievement of sustainable development in the area. To achieve this, a ring of 100 meter radius was delineated around the abattoir, and a landuse inventory was done. Thereafter, observation and measurement was done daily in the abattoir for a month, excluding Sundays that operations were not carried. Observations made include daily numbers of cow killed, the volume of wastewater utilised in the slaughter slab, and characteristics of the semisolid waste disposed daily. To assess the impact of the abattoir, water samples were obtained from point of discharged (POD) of waste water to the stream, 30 meters, 60 meters and 90 meters on the course of the stream. Also samples were obtained from a well each, found within 30 meters, 60 meters, and 90 meters from the abattoir. The obtained water samples were tested for pH, Conductivity, Lead, Dissolved Oxygen, Cadmium, and bacterial content such as salmonella sp. and E.coli, using the procedure of Magaji and Chup, (2012). Obtained data were subjected to descriptive statistics such as frequency count and percentage. Tables were also used to summarise data. The closest landuse to the abattoir is a 40 km stream with the setback of 2.6 meters. This setback is used as waste dump. In the abattoir, an average of 19 cows are killed daily. For this operation, an average of 1153.7 litres of wastewater is generated and discharged into the nearby stream. Hence the pH value of the stream is 5.20, 5.35, 5.41 and 5.40 respectively at POD, 30 meter, 60 meters and 90 meters respectively. Also, the concentration of Lead (Fe2+) in water samples is higher than FEPA limits of 0.01mg/l. The study recommends relocation of abattoir, urban renewal of abattoir area, and encouragement of residents and butchers to visit hospital for medical checkups. The study therefore concludes that sustainable environmental management cannot be achieved without effective landuse planning.
该研究考察了尼日利亚奥约州Ogbomoso镇attenda屠宰场的位置特征和影响。这是为了提出有助于实现该地区可持续发展的建议。为了实现这一点,在屠宰场周围划定了一个半径为100米的环形区域,并对土地使用情况进行了清查。此后,在一个月的时间里,每天在屠宰场进行观察和测量,不包括没有进行手术的周日。观察结果包括每天杀死的奶牛数量、屠宰板中使用的废水量以及每天处理的半固体废物的特性。为了评估屠宰场的影响,从废水排放到溪流的30米、60米和90米处采集了水样。此外,在距离屠宰场30米、60米和90米的范围内分别从一口井中获得了样本。使用Magaji和Chup(2012)的程序,对获得的水样进行pH、电导率、铅、溶解氧、镉和细菌含量测试,如沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌。对获得的数据进行描述性统计,如频率计数和百分比。表格也用于总结数据。离屠宰场最近的土地是一条40公里长的溪流,后退2.6米。此后退处用作垃圾场。在屠宰场,平均每天有19头牛被宰杀。在这项作业中,平均产生1153.7升废水,并排放到附近的溪流中。因此,在POD、30米、60米和90米处,溪流的pH值分别为5.20、5.35、5.41和5.40。此外,水样中的铅(Fe2+)浓度高于FEPA限值0.01mg/l。该研究建议搬迁屠宰场,对屠宰场区域进行城市更新,并鼓励居民和屠夫去医院进行体检。因此,该研究得出结论,如果没有有效的土地利用规划,就无法实现可持续的环境管理。
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引用次数: 0
Classes of Population Mean Estimators using Transformed Variables in Double Sampling 双采样中使用变换变量的一类总体均值估计
IF 0.9 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-09-26 DOI: 10.35378/gujs.1056453
Natthapat Thongsak, Nuanpan Lawson
Transformation techniques have been used to increase the efficiency of estimators in sample surveys. In this paper, some classes of population mean estimators using transformation on an auxiliary variable and on both the auxiliary and study variables have been proposed under double sampling. We obtain the biases and mean square errors of the proposed estimators up to the first order of approximation. A simulation study and application to a rubber production dataset have been used to illustrate the performance of the proposed estimators. The results show that the proposed estimators perform much better than other existing estimators under given conditions.
转换技术已被用于提高抽样调查中估计量的效率。本文在双抽样条件下,利用辅助变量以及辅助变量和研究变量的变换,提出了几类总体均值估计量。我们得到了所提出的估计量的偏差和均方误差,直到一阶近似。通过对橡胶生产数据集的模拟研究和应用,说明了所提出的估计器的性能。结果表明,在给定条件下,所提出的估计量比现有的估计量性能要好得多。
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引用次数: 2
Investigation of Sinterability of WC-Co component comprising of AISI 4340 Steel Inserts AISI 4340钢嵌入件WC-Co部件的烧结性能研究
IF 0.9 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-09-26 DOI: 10.35378/gujs.1070501
M. Subaşı, Harun Kocak, A. Safarian, C. Karatas
In this study, sinterability of WC-9% Co component with AISI 4340 steel insert was investigated using Inserted Powder Injection Molding (IPIM) method. Sintering experiments were performed at temperatures of 1200 °C to 1350 °C with dwell times of 120, 240, 360 min. Defects such as gaps, cracks and macro-porosities were observed in specimens, sintered at temperatures of 1200 °C and 1250 °C for all dwell times. It was proved that sintering temperature of 1350 °C was as high as it caused insert to get deformed and melted. As a result, the optimum sintering temperature and dwell time were determined to be 1300 °C and 240 min, respectively, at which the highest hardness, compression strength, and sintered density were obtained without any defects such as cracks or gaps.
在本研究中,采用插入粉末注射成型(IPIM)方法研究了WC-9%Co部件与AISI 4340钢插入件的烧结性能。烧结实验在1200°C至1350°C的温度下进行,停留时间为120、240、360分钟。在所有停留时间的1200°C和1250°C温度下烧结的试样中观察到间隙、裂纹和宏观孔隙率等缺陷。研究表明,1350°C的烧结温度与引起镶块变形和熔化的温度一样高。结果,确定的最佳烧结温度和停留时间分别为1300°C和240分钟,在该温度下获得了最高的硬度、压缩强度和烧结密度,没有任何缺陷,如裂纹或间隙。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of pressure on electronic, mechanical, and dynamic properties for orthorhombic WP 压力对正交WP的电子、机械和动力学性能的影响
IF 0.9 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.35378/gujs.1122891
C. Tayran, M. Çakmak
The structural, mechanical, electronic, and dynamic features of MnP-type WP have been presented under 0-50 GPa hydrostatic pressure utilizing density functional theory. The lattice constants, values of volume, and bond lengths are decreased with increasing pressure. It is found that the results of electronic band structures show that WP preserves its metallic feature under the pressure. The electronic band structures are shifted up in Y–Γ and Γ–X symmetry points under pressure. The partial density of the states indicates that hybridization occurs between W-d and P-p orbitals and also W–d orbital is dominated at all pressures. It is obtained that the mechanical properties of WP are increased with the increasing pressure. Additionally, the WP becomes more ductile under pressure. According to phonon dispersions, it is investigated that WP is dynamically stable under pressure.
利用密度泛函理论,介绍了MnP型WP在0~50GPa静水压力下的结构、力学、电子和动力学特性。晶格常数、体积值和键长随着压力的增加而减小。电子能带结构的结果表明,WP在压力作用下保持了其金属特性。在压力作用下,电子能带结构在Y–Γ和Γ–X对称点上移。态的部分密度表明,杂化发生在W-d和P-P轨道之间,并且W–d轨道在所有压力下都占主导地位。结果表明,WP的力学性能随着压力的增加而提高。此外,WP在压力下变得更具延展性。根据声子色散,研究了WP在压力作用下的动力学稳定性。
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引用次数: 0
An Adaptive Time Filtered Backward Euler Method for Reduced-Order Models of Incompressible Flows 不可压缩流降阶模型的自适应时间滤波后向Euler方法
IF 0.9 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.35378/gujs.904961
Fatma GÜLER EROĞLU
This paper studies a reduced-order model based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The difficulties resulting from nonlinearity are eliminated using the variational multiscale (VMS) method. The time filter is added as a separate post-processing step to the standard VMS-POD approximation. This increases the accuracy and presents a better energy preserving scheme without adding additional computational complexity. Theoretical analyses of the method are given. Numerical experiments are presented to verify the theoretical findings.
本文研究了不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程的一个基于适当正交分解的降阶模型。利用变分多尺度(VMS)方法消除了非线性带来的困难。时间滤波器作为单独的后处理步骤添加到标准VMS-POD近似中。这提高了精度,并在不增加额外计算复杂性的情况下提供了更好的能量保持方案。对该方法进行了理论分析。数值实验验证了理论结果。
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引用次数: 0
The Class of Demi-Order Norm Continuous Operators 一类半阶范数连续算子
IF 0.9 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-09-09 DOI: 10.35378/gujs.1098503
Gül Sinem Keleş, B. Altın
In this paper, we introduce the class of demi-order norm continuous operators on a Banach lattice. We study the relationship between order-to-norm continuous operators and demi-order norm continuous operators. We also investigate some properties of the class of demi-order norm continuous operators, and it is given a characterization of a Banach lattice with order continuous by the term of the demi-order norm continuous operators.
本文引入Banach格上的一类半阶范数连续算子。我们研究了序到范数连续算子和半序范数连续算子之间的关系。我们还研究了一类半阶范数连续算子的一些性质,并用半阶范数持续算子的项刻画了一个具有阶连续性的Banach格。
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引用次数: 0
A Comprehensive Review of Feature Selection and Feature Selection Stability in Machine Learning 机器学习中的特征选择和特征选择稳定性综述
IF 0.9 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-09-04 DOI: 10.35378/gujs.993763
Mustafa Büyükkeçeci̇, M. C. Okur
Feature selection is a data preprocessing method used to reduce the number of features in the datasets. Feature selection techniques search the entire feature space to find an optimal feature set that is free of redundant and irrelevant features. Reducing the dimensionality of a dataset by removing redundant and irrelevant features has a pivotal role in improving the performance, i.e., accuracy, of inductive learners and building simple models. Thus, feature selection is an imperative task of machine learning. The apparent need for feature selection raised considerable interest and became an important research topic in a wide range of fields, including bioinformatics, text classification, image recognition, and computer vision. As a result, a large pool of feature selection methods has been proposed, and a considerable amount of literature has been published on feature selection. The quality of feature selection algorithms is measured not only by the performance of the features they prefer but also by their stability. Therefore, this study focuses on two topics: feature selection and feature selection stability. In the pages that follow, general concepts and methods of feature selection are discussed and then an overview of feature selection stability and stability measures are given.
特征选择是一种用于减少数据集中特征数量的数据预处理方法。特征选择技术通过搜索整个特征空间来找到一个没有冗余和不相关特征的最优特征集。通过去除冗余和不相关的特征来降低数据集的维数,对于提高归纳学习器的性能(即准确性)和构建简单模型具有关键作用。因此,特征选择是机器学习的一项重要任务。对特征选择的明显需求引起了相当大的兴趣,并成为包括生物信息学、文本分类、图像识别和计算机视觉在内的广泛领域的重要研究课题。因此,人们提出了大量的特征选择方法,并发表了大量关于特征选择的文献。特征选择算法的质量不仅取决于它们所选择的特征的性能,还取决于它们的稳定性。因此,本研究主要关注两个主题:特征选择和特征选择稳定性。在接下来的章节中,讨论了特征选择的一般概念和方法,然后概述了特征选择稳定性和稳定性措施。
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引用次数: 0
A literature review: Wind energy within the scope of MCDM methods 文献综述:MCDM方法范围内的风能
IF 0.9 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-09-03 DOI: 10.35378/gujs.1090337
Özer Eroğlu, Ezgi AKTAŞ POTUR, M. Kabak, Cevriye Gencer
Renewable energy sources are vital for environmental sustainability. With the damage of fossil fuels to nature and the depletion of fossil fuels over time, energy production from clean and inexhaustible renewable energy sources has become widespread. Wind energy, one of the renewable energy sources, is a clean energy source that does not emit any harmful waste to the environment. Wind energy is a low-cost energy source that is mostly used for electricity generation. Criteria such as wind speed, turbine structure, and the characteristics of the areas where the wind turbines will be located are effective on the amount of energy to be produced. In this study, a comprehensive review of the studies using MCDM methods related to wind energy is made. In the manner of the statistical data obtained from the 97 studies examined, it has been observed that the wind energy investments of the countries and the scientific publications made in these countries do not progress linearly with each other. The fact that countries have different wind energy potentials and the difference in the countries' interest in renewable energy sources is thought to be effective in this regard. While there are articles in the literature in which studies on renewable energy sources are discussed together with MCDM methods, there is no comprehensive review study in which wind energy and MCDM methods are discussed together. According to our best knowledge, this is the first study to comprehensively evaluate wind energy studies in terms of multi-criteria decision-making methods. With this study, a framework has been presented for subsequent studies on the application of MCDM methods in wind energy.
可再生能源对环境可持续性至关重要。随着化石燃料对自然的破坏和化石燃料的消耗,使用清洁和取之不尽的可再生能源生产能源变得普遍。风能是可再生能源之一,是一种清洁能源,不会向环境排放任何有害废物。风能是一种低成本能源,主要用于发电。风速、涡轮机结构和风力涡轮机所在区域的特性等标准对产生的能量有效。在本研究中,对使用MCDM方法与风能相关的研究进行了全面回顾。根据从所审查的97项研究中获得的统计数据,可以观察到,这些国家的风能投资和在这些国家发表的科学出版物并不是线性增长的。各国风能潜力不同,各国对可再生能源的兴趣不同,这一事实被认为在这方面是有效的。虽然文献中有文章将可再生能源研究与MCDM方法一起讨论,但没有综合综述研究将风能和MCDM方法同时讨论。据我们所知,这是第一项根据多标准决策方法对风能研究进行综合评估的研究。通过这项研究,为后续研究MCDM方法在风能中的应用提供了一个框架。
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引用次数: 0
Ascorbic Acid Enhances the Metabolic Activity, Growth and Collagen Production of Human Dermal Fibroblasts Growing in Three-dimensional (3D) Culture 抗坏血酸增强三维培养的人皮肤成纤维细胞的代谢活性、生长和胶原生成
IF 0.9 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.35378/gujs.1040277
Serkan Dikici
Tissue engineering (TE) enables developing functional synthetic substitutes to be replaced with damaged tissues and organs instead of the use of auto or allografts. A wide range of biomaterials is currently in use as TE scaffolds. Among these materials, naturally-sourced ones are favourable due to being highly biocompatible and supporting cell growth and function whereas synthetic ones are advantageous because of the high tunability on mechanical and physical properties as well as being easy to process. Alongside the advantages of synthetic polymers, they mostly show hydrophobic behaviour that limits biomaterial-cell interaction and consequently the functioning of the developed TE constructs. In this study, we assessed the impact of L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AA2P) on improving the culture of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) growing on a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold made of polycaprolactone by emulsion templating technique. Our results demonstrated that AA2P enhances the metabolic activity, growth, and collagen production of HDFs when supplemented to their growth medium at 50 µg/mL concentration. It showed a great potential to be used as a growth medium supplement to circumvent the disadvantages of culturing human cells on a synthetic biomaterial that is not favoured in default. AA2P's potential to improve cell growth and collagen deposition may prove an effective way to culture human cells on 3D PCL PolyHIPE scaffolds for various TE applications.
组织工程(TE)能够开发出用受损组织和器官替代的功能性合成替代品,而不是使用自体或同种异体移植物。目前,广泛的生物材料被用作TE支架。在这些材料中,天然来源的材料是有利的,因为它们具有高度的生物相容性并支持细胞生长和功能,而合成材料则是有利的。除了合成聚合物的优点外,它们大多表现出疏水行为,限制了生物材料与细胞的相互作用,从而限制了所开发的TE构建体的功能。在本研究中,我们通过乳液模板技术评估了L-抗坏血酸2-磷酸(AA2P)对改善在聚己内酯制成的三维(3D)支架上生长的人真皮成纤维细胞(HDFs)培养的影响。我们的研究结果表明,当添加到50µg/mL浓度的HDFs生长培养基中时,AA2P可增强HDFs的代谢活性、生长和胶原蛋白生成。它显示出作为生长培养基补充剂的巨大潜力,以避免在默认情况下不受欢迎的合成生物材料上培养人类细胞的缺点。AA2P改善细胞生长和胶原沉积的潜力可能被证明是在3D PCL PolyHIPE支架上培养人类细胞的有效方法,用于各种TE应用。
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引用次数: 2
Natural Language Processing Challenges and Issues: A Literature Review 自然语言处理的挑战和问题:文献综述
IF 0.9 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-08-28 DOI: 10.35378/gujs.1032517
Abdul Ahad Abro, Mir Sajjad Hussain Talpur, A. Jumani
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is the computerized approach to analysing text using both structured and unstructured data. NLP is a simple, empirically powerful, and reliable approach. It achieves state-of-the-art performance in language processing tasks like Semantic Search (SS), Machine Translation (MT), Text Summarization (TS), Sentiment Analyser (SA), Named Entity Recognition (NER) and Emotion Detection (ED). NLP is expected to be the technology of the future, based on current technology deployment and adoption. The primary question is: What does NLP have to offer in terms of reality, and what are the prospects? There are several problems to be addressed with this developing method, as it must be compatible with future technology. In this paper, the benefits, challenges and limitations of this innovative paradigm along with the areas open to do research are shown.
自然语言处理(NLP)是一种使用结构化和非结构化数据分析文本的计算机化方法。NLP是一种简单、经验强大且可靠的方法。它在语义搜索(SS)、机器翻译(MT)、文本摘要(TS)、情感分析器(SA)、命名实体识别(NER)和情感检测(ED)等语言处理任务中实现了最先进的性能。基于当前技术的部署和采用,NLP有望成为未来的技术。主要问题是:NLP在现实中能提供什么,前景如何?这种开发方法有几个问题需要解决,因为它必须与未来的技术兼容。在本文中,展示了这种创新范式的好处、挑战和局限性,以及开放的研究领域。
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引用次数: 1
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gazi university journal of science
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