Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2023.2212592
Elena Morgenthaler, Benoit Leclerc
ABSTRACT A growing facilitator of drug trafficking are dark net markets, which enable transactions between sellers and buyers of illicit drugs around the world. This study aimed to develop a crime script for drug importation into Australia and identify potential crime prevention points within the crime script. To achieve this, a content analysis of 18 Australian court sentencing transcripts was conducted. The final crime script consisted of five general steps taken by offenders (preparation, access, purchasing, receiving and storage) followed by three script tracks based on the purpose of importation (selling on the dark net domestically, selling offline and personal use). This study will contribute to the current knowledge of the crime commission process of buyers on the dark net by focusing on online and offline steps, and the importation in the Australian context. Through these insights, this study will conclude by looking at potential specific and tailored crime prevention measures.
{"title":"Crime script analysis of drug importation into Australia facilitated by the dark net","authors":"Elena Morgenthaler, Benoit Leclerc","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2023.2212592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2023.2212592","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A growing facilitator of drug trafficking are dark net markets, which enable transactions between sellers and buyers of illicit drugs around the world. This study aimed to develop a crime script for drug importation into Australia and identify potential crime prevention points within the crime script. To achieve this, a content analysis of 18 Australian court sentencing transcripts was conducted. The final crime script consisted of five general steps taken by offenders (preparation, access, purchasing, receiving and storage) followed by three script tracks based on the purpose of importation (selling on the dark net domestically, selling offline and personal use). This study will contribute to the current knowledge of the crime commission process of buyers on the dark net by focusing on online and offline steps, and the importation in the Australian context. Through these insights, this study will conclude by looking at potential specific and tailored crime prevention measures.","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"24 1","pages":"169 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43708026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-19DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2023.2214795
Saeed Kabiri, S. Shadmanfaat, R. C. Perkins, Hadley Wellen, C. J. Howell, John K. Cochran, Hayden P. Smith
ABSTRACT Violence among spectators in sports is a global phenomenon posing hazards for players, match officials, and other participants. Despite its widespread prevalence, scant criminological research has investigated the matter. To fill this void, this study examines the predictive efficacy of key theoretical constructs derived from Situational Action Theory on aggressive behaviour among a sample of 384 soccer spectators in Iran. Results reveal that crime propensity, criminogenic exposure, action alternatives, and choice have direct effects on spectator engagement in violent behaviour. Furthermore, results demonstrate that crime propensity and criminogenic exposure (propensity*exposure) and action alternatives and choice (action alternatives*choice) interact to increase violence among sport spectators in a manner consistent with the theory. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed.
{"title":"Aggressive spectators in sporting milieus: A test of Situational Action Theory","authors":"Saeed Kabiri, S. Shadmanfaat, R. C. Perkins, Hadley Wellen, C. J. Howell, John K. Cochran, Hayden P. Smith","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2023.2214795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2023.2214795","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Violence among spectators in sports is a global phenomenon posing hazards for players, match officials, and other participants. Despite its widespread prevalence, scant criminological research has investigated the matter. To fill this void, this study examines the predictive efficacy of key theoretical constructs derived from Situational Action Theory on aggressive behaviour among a sample of 384 soccer spectators in Iran. Results reveal that crime propensity, criminogenic exposure, action alternatives, and choice have direct effects on spectator engagement in violent behaviour. Furthermore, results demonstrate that crime propensity and criminogenic exposure (propensity*exposure) and action alternatives and choice (action alternatives*choice) interact to increase violence among sport spectators in a manner consistent with the theory. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"24 1","pages":"195 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47104045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2023.2211513
Katharina Krüsselmann, P. Aarten, Sven Granath, Janne Kivivuori, Nora Markwalder, Karoliina Suonpää, A. H. Thomsen, Simone Walser, M. Liem
ABSTRACT Detailed, comparative research on firearm violence in Europe is rare. Using data from the European Homicide Monitor, this paper presents the prevalence and characteristics of firearm homicides in Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland between 2001 and 2016. Furthermore, we compare firearm to non-firearm homicides to assess the degree of uniqueness of firearms as modus operandi. We find that the firearm homicide rate varies across our sample of countries. We also identify two country profiles: in Denmark, the Netherlands and Sweden, most firearm homicides take place in public and urban areas, involving male victims and perpetrators. In these countries, the use of firearms in homicides is largely concentrated in the criminal milieu. In Finland and Switzerland, firearms are mostly used in domestic homicides, with a higher share of female victims. We explore these findings in relation to firearm availability in each country.
{"title":"Firearm Homicides in Europe: A Comparison with Non-Firearm Homicides in Five European Countries","authors":"Katharina Krüsselmann, P. Aarten, Sven Granath, Janne Kivivuori, Nora Markwalder, Karoliina Suonpää, A. H. Thomsen, Simone Walser, M. Liem","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2023.2211513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2023.2211513","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Detailed, comparative research on firearm violence in Europe is rare. Using data from the European Homicide Monitor, this paper presents the prevalence and characteristics of firearm homicides in Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland between 2001 and 2016. Furthermore, we compare firearm to non-firearm homicides to assess the degree of uniqueness of firearms as modus operandi. We find that the firearm homicide rate varies across our sample of countries. We also identify two country profiles: in Denmark, the Netherlands and Sweden, most firearm homicides take place in public and urban areas, involving male victims and perpetrators. In these countries, the use of firearms in homicides is largely concentrated in the criminal milieu. In Finland and Switzerland, firearms are mostly used in domestic homicides, with a higher share of female victims. We explore these findings in relation to firearm availability in each country.","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"24 1","pages":"145 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44841378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2023.2211521
Masarah Paquet-Clouston, Sebastián García
ABSTRACT Through an inductive thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with experts, this study corroborates key findings on contextual and organisational dynamics behind profit-driven cybercrime. The findings pinpoint three contextual factors influencing individuals to participate in profit-driven cybercrime: lack of legal economic opportunities, lack of deterrents, and drifting means. The findings also highlight how experts perceive group structures of those behind profit-driven cybercrime: as organised, enterprise-like, loose networks, or communities. Experts’ narratives, moreover, emphasise the presence of a workforce at the periphery of cybercrime groups. Such a workforce is not actively involved in developing criminal schemes, yet it helps their orchestration by achieving necessary tasks such as writing texts or developing software. The study results confirm key insights on crime participation related to both cyber and non-cybercrime literature while also raising new research avenues, including questions concerning to what extent those forming the peripheral workforce are willing to participate in cybercrime.
{"title":"On the Dynamics behind Profit-Driven Cybercrime: From Contextual Factors to Perceived Group Structures, and the Workforce at the Periphery","authors":"Masarah Paquet-Clouston, Sebastián García","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2023.2211521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2023.2211521","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Through an inductive thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with experts, this study corroborates key findings on contextual and organisational dynamics behind profit-driven cybercrime. The findings pinpoint three contextual factors influencing individuals to participate in profit-driven cybercrime: lack of legal economic opportunities, lack of deterrents, and drifting means. The findings also highlight how experts perceive group structures of those behind profit-driven cybercrime: as organised, enterprise-like, loose networks, or communities. Experts’ narratives, moreover, emphasise the presence of a workforce at the periphery of cybercrime groups. Such a workforce is not actively involved in developing criminal schemes, yet it helps their orchestration by achieving necessary tasks such as writing texts or developing software. The study results confirm key insights on crime participation related to both cyber and non-cybercrime literature while also raising new research avenues, including questions concerning to what extent those forming the peripheral workforce are willing to participate in cybercrime.","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"24 1","pages":"122 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48098655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-05DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2023.2185607
Cassandra Cross, T. Holt
ABSTRACT Romance fraud occurs when an offender uses the guise of a genuine relationship to defraud an individual for financial gain. Known statistics indicate that millions are lost each year to this form of fraud. However, the potential for romance fraud victims to also experience identity crime as a consequence of their interactions and communications with an offender has yet to be explored. This article begins to address this gap by examining the potential exposure for identity crime in the context of romance fraud using reports lodged with Scamwatch, an Australian online fraud reporting portal. The findings demonstrate few behavioural and demographic characteristics associated with the potential exposure of those targeted by romance fraud to identity crime. However, the article provides insights into how this analysis should inform prevention messaging and victim support services for those targeted by romance fraud.
{"title":"More than Money: Examining the Potential Exposure of Romance Fraud Victims to Identity Crime","authors":"Cassandra Cross, T. Holt","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2023.2185607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2023.2185607","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Romance fraud occurs when an offender uses the guise of a genuine relationship to defraud an individual for financial gain. Known statistics indicate that millions are lost each year to this form of fraud. However, the potential for romance fraud victims to also experience identity crime as a consequence of their interactions and communications with an offender has yet to be explored. This article begins to address this gap by examining the potential exposure for identity crime in the context of romance fraud using reports lodged with Scamwatch, an Australian online fraud reporting portal. The findings demonstrate few behavioural and demographic characteristics associated with the potential exposure of those targeted by romance fraud to identity crime. However, the article provides insights into how this analysis should inform prevention messaging and victim support services for those targeted by romance fraud.","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"24 1","pages":"107 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42717010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-14DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2023.2166935
C. R. Mbamba, E. B. Amponsah, P. A. Yeboaa, D. Annang, M. Mccarthy
ABSTRACT Evidence shows that the majority of the world’s trafficking in persons for sexual and labour purposes occurs over short distances. In Ghana, children are largely trafficked from rural communities into resource-prone areas to engage in intensive labour activities. This study explores the views of parents in communities where children are largely trafficked, on the best ways to intervene in child trafficking cases. In-depth interviews were conducted with 21 adults (who are parents) from communities in Ghana. Data were managed with HyperRESEARCH software and analysed thematically. Findings reveal that providing vocational and technical training to improve means of livelihood, promoting knowledge on trafficking, and strictly enforcing laws will contribute to combating child trafficking in Ghana. The study recommends the need for inter-organisational collaboration and calls for the government to create rural opportunities for financially struggling families to prevent them from falling prey to traffickers due to their hardships.
{"title":"Parents’ Reflections on Child Trafficking Mitigation Mechanisms in Trafficking Hotspot Communities","authors":"C. R. Mbamba, E. B. Amponsah, P. A. Yeboaa, D. Annang, M. Mccarthy","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2023.2166935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2023.2166935","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Evidence shows that the majority of the world’s trafficking in persons for sexual and labour purposes occurs over short distances. In Ghana, children are largely trafficked from rural communities into resource-prone areas to engage in intensive labour activities. This study explores the views of parents in communities where children are largely trafficked, on the best ways to intervene in child trafficking cases. In-depth interviews were conducted with 21 adults (who are parents) from communities in Ghana. Data were managed with HyperRESEARCH software and analysed thematically. Findings reveal that providing vocational and technical training to improve means of livelihood, promoting knowledge on trafficking, and strictly enforcing laws will contribute to combating child trafficking in Ghana. The study recommends the need for inter-organisational collaboration and calls for the government to create rural opportunities for financially struggling families to prevent them from falling prey to traffickers due to their hardships.","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"24 1","pages":"93 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47184227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2022.2162508
David Brewster, Adam Edwards
ABSTRACT Despite current global trends towards diversification in policy responses to illegal drug use, including growing criticism of the War on Drugs, Japan continues to retain an ardently prohibitive approach. This article explains the reproduction of prohibitionist policies in Japan throughout the post-War period through use of the Multi-Centred Governance (MCG) thesis. This thesis acknowledges the facilitative power of exogenous shocks to the policy process, the causal power of particular policy actors, whilst also emphasising the importance of dispositional power, the rules of meaning and membership that integrate and bind policy actors into rival agendas of crime control, in maintaining policy agendas despite facilitative and agentic pressures for change. In these terms, the MCG provokes discussion of how alleged global trends in crime and control are mediated by a politics of risk and justice, constituted through the interplay of the facilitative, causal and dispositional circuits of power found in particular contexts.
{"title":"Explaining the reproduction of illegal drug use control regimes in Japan: the multi-centred governance thesis","authors":"David Brewster, Adam Edwards","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2022.2162508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2022.2162508","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite current global trends towards diversification in policy responses to illegal drug use, including growing criticism of the War on Drugs, Japan continues to retain an ardently prohibitive approach. This article explains the reproduction of prohibitionist policies in Japan throughout the post-War period through use of the Multi-Centred Governance (MCG) thesis. This thesis acknowledges the facilitative power of exogenous shocks to the policy process, the causal power of particular policy actors, whilst also emphasising the importance of dispositional power, the rules of meaning and membership that integrate and bind policy actors into rival agendas of crime control, in maintaining policy agendas despite facilitative and agentic pressures for change. In these terms, the MCG provokes discussion of how alleged global trends in crime and control are mediated by a politics of risk and justice, constituted through the interplay of the facilitative, causal and dispositional circuits of power found in particular contexts.","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"24 1","pages":"73 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48622453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2022.2156863
Rasmus Munksgaard
ABSTRACT In illicit online markets, actors are pseudonymous, legal institutions are absent, and predation is ripe. The literature proposes that problems of trust are solved by reputation systems, social ties, and administrative governance, but these are often measured independently or in single platforms. This study takes an eclectic approach, conceiving of trust as an estimate informed by any available evidence. Using transaction size as a proxy for trust I estimate the association between competing sources of trust – mediation, reputation, authentication, and social ties – and transaction value using multilevel regression. Using data from two online drug markets, I find mixed evidence that reputation and authentication are associated with transaction value, whereas results are consistent for social ties. Furthermore, transactions outside the scope of administrative mediation are generally larger. These findings have implications for future research and suggest increased attention should be given to the role of mediation practices and social ties.
{"title":"Building a case for trust: reputation, institutional regulation and social ties in online drug markets","authors":"Rasmus Munksgaard","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2022.2156863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2022.2156863","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In illicit online markets, actors are pseudonymous, legal institutions are absent, and predation is ripe. The literature proposes that problems of trust are solved by reputation systems, social ties, and administrative governance, but these are often measured independently or in single platforms. This study takes an eclectic approach, conceiving of trust as an estimate informed by any available evidence. Using transaction size as a proxy for trust I estimate the association between competing sources of trust – mediation, reputation, authentication, and social ties – and transaction value using multilevel regression. Using data from two online drug markets, I find mixed evidence that reputation and authentication are associated with transaction value, whereas results are consistent for social ties. Furthermore, transactions outside the scope of administrative mediation are generally larger. These findings have implications for future research and suggest increased attention should be given to the role of mediation practices and social ties.","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"24 1","pages":"49 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45157355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-08DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2022.2142781
Liam Quinn, Joseph Clare, Jade Lindley, F. Morgan
ABSTRACT An exploratory survey of 1,276 legitimate second-hand online market users from the United States (US), United Kingdom (UK), and Australia was conducted to gauge the extent of stolen goods disposal in these markets; the willingness among users to receive suspected stolen goods; and the likely utility of hypothetical market reduction measures to disrupt disposal of stolen goods online. Chi-square analyses and binomial logistic regressions were conducted on responses to test whether perceptions and experiences of stolen goods disposal varied by demographic variables or browsing activity. Findings suggest that a high volume of stolen goods are perceived to be advertised in second-hand online markets; there is a willingness among a substantial minority of users to receive stolen goods online; and there is an appetite among the majority of users to disrupt the sale of stolen goods online. Theoretical and applied prevention and disruption implications of these findings are explored.
{"title":"Demand for and disposal of stolen goods in legitimate second-hand online markets: an explorative online survey","authors":"Liam Quinn, Joseph Clare, Jade Lindley, F. Morgan","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2022.2142781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2022.2142781","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An exploratory survey of 1,276 legitimate second-hand online market users from the United States (US), United Kingdom (UK), and Australia was conducted to gauge the extent of stolen goods disposal in these markets; the willingness among users to receive suspected stolen goods; and the likely utility of hypothetical market reduction measures to disrupt disposal of stolen goods online. Chi-square analyses and binomial logistic regressions were conducted on responses to test whether perceptions and experiences of stolen goods disposal varied by demographic variables or browsing activity. Findings suggest that a high volume of stolen goods are perceived to be advertised in second-hand online markets; there is a willingness among a substantial minority of users to receive stolen goods online; and there is an appetite among the majority of users to disrupt the sale of stolen goods online. Theoretical and applied prevention and disruption implications of these findings are explored.","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"24 1","pages":"19 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48349924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-27DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2022.2138859
Daniel S. Leon
ABSTRACT I explore the relationships between macroeconomic conditions and how the forms of integration into the global economy affect homicide rates in 21 high-violence countries from 2000 to 2018. The analysis focuses on countries integrated into the global economy by accruing international economic rents. I use data from 2000 to 2018 to analyse how resource rents and remittances moderated the relationship between business cycles and high homicide rates. Moreover, I also evaluate how socioeconomic conditions mediate the above relationship. The results indicate that natural resource rents conditioned a procyclical relationship between business cycles and homicide rates. Contrastingly, remittances conditioned a countercyclical relationship between business cycles and homicide rates. The findings contribute to the rich and growing economic criminology and international political economy literature investigating how international rents condition subnational violence.
{"title":"How international rents moderate business cycles’ relationship to high homicide rates","authors":"Daniel S. Leon","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2022.2138859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2022.2138859","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT I explore the relationships between macroeconomic conditions and how the forms of integration into the global economy affect homicide rates in 21 high-violence countries from 2000 to 2018. The analysis focuses on countries integrated into the global economy by accruing international economic rents. I use data from 2000 to 2018 to analyse how resource rents and remittances moderated the relationship between business cycles and high homicide rates. Moreover, I also evaluate how socioeconomic conditions mediate the above relationship. The results indicate that natural resource rents conditioned a procyclical relationship between business cycles and homicide rates. Contrastingly, remittances conditioned a countercyclical relationship between business cycles and homicide rates. The findings contribute to the rich and growing economic criminology and international political economy literature investigating how international rents condition subnational violence.","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"24 1","pages":"1 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49414541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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