Using the Indian state-level panel data on crimes against women for the period 2000–2019, we examined whether various rates of crime against women were converging. The second-generation unit-root t...
{"title":"Are crimes against women in India converging? Some empirical observations","authors":"Kajal Puri, Kirtti Ranjan Paltasingh, Chandan Kumar Mohanty","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2024.2371315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2024.2371315","url":null,"abstract":"Using the Indian state-level panel data on crimes against women for the period 2000–2019, we examined whether various rates of crime against women were converging. The second-generation unit-root t...","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-27DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2024.2342780
Jordi Janssen, Andrew Lemieux, Amy Nivette, Stijn Ruiter
Wildlife are natural resources utilised by many people around the world, both legally and illegally, for a wide range of purposes. This scoping review evaluates 82 studies nested in 75 manuscripts ...
{"title":"A scoping review on what motivates individuals to illegally harvest wildlife","authors":"Jordi Janssen, Andrew Lemieux, Amy Nivette, Stijn Ruiter","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2024.2342780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2024.2342780","url":null,"abstract":"Wildlife are natural resources utilised by many people around the world, both legally and illegally, for a wide range of purposes. This scoping review evaluates 82 studies nested in 75 manuscripts ...","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140932219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2024.2342775
Marco Antonelli
This article aims to provide an analysis of the factors influencing the operational strategies of drug trafficking organisations in the context of seaports. It seeks to move beyond a monolithic rep...
本文旨在分析在海港背景下影响贩毒组织行动策略的因素。文章试图超越对贩毒组织的一元化描述。
{"title":"Unpacking drug trafficking phenomenon through seaports: lessons from the Italian ports","authors":"Marco Antonelli","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2024.2342775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2024.2342775","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to provide an analysis of the factors influencing the operational strategies of drug trafficking organisations in the context of seaports. It seeks to move beyond a monolithic rep...","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140613729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-25DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2024.2321396
Tin Kapetanovic, Mark Dechesne, Joanne P. Van der Leun
Most terrorist groups are active close to their native area of operation. Why then do some terrorist groups expand to foreign territories? In an exploratory attempt, this article draws parallels be...
{"title":"Transplantation theory in terrorism: an exploratory analysis of organised crime and terrorist group expansion","authors":"Tin Kapetanovic, Mark Dechesne, Joanne P. Van der Leun","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2024.2321396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2024.2321396","url":null,"abstract":"Most terrorist groups are active close to their native area of operation. Why then do some terrorist groups expand to foreign territories? In an exploratory attempt, this article draws parallels be...","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139979719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2023.2291352
Jonathan P. Caulkins, Philippe C. Schicker, H. Brinton Milward, Peter Reuter
Overdose deaths in North America have soared, primarily because of the spread of illegally manufactured fentanyl. This paper uses detailed qualitative and transaction-level data to analyse an early...
{"title":"A detailed study of a prominent dark web fentanyl trafficking organization","authors":"Jonathan P. Caulkins, Philippe C. Schicker, H. Brinton Milward, Peter Reuter","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2023.2291352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2023.2291352","url":null,"abstract":"Overdose deaths in North America have soared, primarily because of the spread of illegally manufactured fentanyl. This paper uses detailed qualitative and transaction-level data to analyse an early...","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138562779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2023.2271848
Jason R. Silva
ABSTRACTThis study examines the stability and change in public mass shootings in developed countries outside of the United States (2000–2021). Public mass shootings refer to incidents involving public/populated locations, random/symbolic victims, and at least four fatalities. Results identified an increase in the frequency of attacks in developed countries, although particularly deadly incidents remained relatively consistent. Offenders were commonly and consistently male, middle-aged, single, and diagnosed with a mental illness. Incidents often involved handguns, more than one firearm, and open-area locations. Offenders were often motivated by a desire for fame; although, early fame-seekers were younger, school shooters, while recent offenders had far-right ideological beliefs. Other changes included an increase in offenders obtaining their firearms illegally, using assault rifles, diversifying their target locations, and being shot and killed. This provides the first step for understanding mass shooting trends in the often-overlooked developed countries outside of the United States.KEYWORDS: Mass shootingsmass violence in developed countriesinternational homicide comparisonstrends in violence Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1. Including Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.2. In this study, mass shootings refer to public incidents that were completed. Public meaning they occurred in public or populated locations and at least some victims were chosen at random and/or for their symbolic value (Krouse & Richardson, Citation2015; Silva, Citation2022a). Completed meaning they involved four or more victim fatalities (Greene-Colozzi & Silva, Citation2022b; Silva, Citation2022c).3. Lankford (Citation2016a) found that despite making up less than 5% of the global population, the United States has produced 31% of global mass shootings.4. From this point forward, unless otherwise noted, all language referencing developed countries is excluding the United States.5. See Silva (Citation2022b) for an in-depth understanding of the nuanced data collection process used to identify cases.6. All variables – except for the motivation variables – are objective facts with no discretion in reporting (e.g. sex, age, etc.).7. In three cases it was unclear if the offender received prior mental health treatment. This was coded as no/no evidence.8. This study focused on mass shootings after the turn of the century to avoid issues with publicity effects and time-period effects impacting the ability to capture relevant cases using open-source data. Given the relatively small number of cases, the analysis only used two time period categories, each encompassing 11 years.9. Mental illness only included those with a clinical diagnosis – including 13 offenders who received treatment prior to the attack, and two who received treatment after the attack. However, five offenders had a suspected or likely mental illn
{"title":"Public mass shootings in developed countries: uncovering stability and change at the turn of the century","authors":"Jason R. Silva","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2023.2271848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2023.2271848","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis study examines the stability and change in public mass shootings in developed countries outside of the United States (2000–2021). Public mass shootings refer to incidents involving public/populated locations, random/symbolic victims, and at least four fatalities. Results identified an increase in the frequency of attacks in developed countries, although particularly deadly incidents remained relatively consistent. Offenders were commonly and consistently male, middle-aged, single, and diagnosed with a mental illness. Incidents often involved handguns, more than one firearm, and open-area locations. Offenders were often motivated by a desire for fame; although, early fame-seekers were younger, school shooters, while recent offenders had far-right ideological beliefs. Other changes included an increase in offenders obtaining their firearms illegally, using assault rifles, diversifying their target locations, and being shot and killed. This provides the first step for understanding mass shooting trends in the often-overlooked developed countries outside of the United States.KEYWORDS: Mass shootingsmass violence in developed countriesinternational homicide comparisonstrends in violence Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1. Including Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.2. In this study, mass shootings refer to public incidents that were completed. Public meaning they occurred in public or populated locations and at least some victims were chosen at random and/or for their symbolic value (Krouse & Richardson, Citation2015; Silva, Citation2022a). Completed meaning they involved four or more victim fatalities (Greene-Colozzi & Silva, Citation2022b; Silva, Citation2022c).3. Lankford (Citation2016a) found that despite making up less than 5% of the global population, the United States has produced 31% of global mass shootings.4. From this point forward, unless otherwise noted, all language referencing developed countries is excluding the United States.5. See Silva (Citation2022b) for an in-depth understanding of the nuanced data collection process used to identify cases.6. All variables – except for the motivation variables – are objective facts with no discretion in reporting (e.g. sex, age, etc.).7. In three cases it was unclear if the offender received prior mental health treatment. This was coded as no/no evidence.8. This study focused on mass shootings after the turn of the century to avoid issues with publicity effects and time-period effects impacting the ability to capture relevant cases using open-source data. Given the relatively small number of cases, the analysis only used two time period categories, each encompassing 11 years.9. Mental illness only included those with a clinical diagnosis – including 13 offenders who received treatment prior to the attack, and two who received treatment after the attack. However, five offenders had a suspected or likely mental illn","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"59 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135413024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2023.2266388
Fathima Azmiya Badurdeen
Maritime security threats in the East African coastal peripheries are greatly interwoven with local crimes, economies, and socio-political lifestyles. How crimes are viewed, defined, and categorised as legal and illegal by the locals elucidates how the crime-terrorism nexus is contextualised in specific localities along the coastal seafronts. Often, financial-motivated crimes have the potential to go hand in hand with ideologically driven terrorist activities, where both syndicates operate discreetly in these communities. Based on an ethnographic study in Kenya, this article interrogates the local meanings and understandings of criminal activities in peripheral societies to determine how local crimes intersect with terrorism-related activities. The crisscrossing modus operandi of criminal syndicates and terrorist networks provides each other with safe havens, secrecy in operations, and a vulnerable base of supporters in environments where state-citizen relationships are deteriorating.
{"title":"Crimes on the edge? Criminal activities and the crime-terror nexus in the Kenyan peripheries of the Indian Ocean","authors":"Fathima Azmiya Badurdeen","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2023.2266388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2023.2266388","url":null,"abstract":"Maritime security threats in the East African coastal peripheries are greatly interwoven with local crimes, economies, and socio-political lifestyles. How crimes are viewed, defined, and categorised as legal and illegal by the locals elucidates how the crime-terrorism nexus is contextualised in specific localities along the coastal seafronts. Often, financial-motivated crimes have the potential to go hand in hand with ideologically driven terrorist activities, where both syndicates operate discreetly in these communities. Based on an ethnographic study in Kenya, this article interrogates the local meanings and understandings of criminal activities in peripheral societies to determine how local crimes intersect with terrorism-related activities. The crisscrossing modus operandi of criminal syndicates and terrorist networks provides each other with safe havens, secrecy in operations, and a vulnerable base of supporters in environments where state-citizen relationships are deteriorating.","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136063042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2023.2250992
Saumya Tripathi, Sameena Azhar
ABSTRACT This study aimed to explore Indian police officers’ perceptions of their female colleagues through Bourdieu and Chan’s framework of habitus, practice, field, and capital. We interviewed 12 police officers in Allahabad, India, who were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling. We translated, transcribed and coded their interviews from Hindi to English. Applying Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis, we identified two major themes: (1) the work of women is consistently devalued in policing culture; and (2) patriarchal sentiments influence police officers’ views towards their female colleagues. This study expands our understanding of the prevalent gender bias against female police officers in India. Findings may assist in redesigning policies and interventions that reduce gender bias and discrimination within Indian police organisations.
{"title":"“Exploring police officers’ perceptions of their female colleagues in Uttar Pradesh, India: a phenomenological analysis”","authors":"Saumya Tripathi, Sameena Azhar","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2023.2250992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2023.2250992","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aimed to explore Indian police officers’ perceptions of their female colleagues through Bourdieu and Chan’s framework of habitus, practice, field, and capital. We interviewed 12 police officers in Allahabad, India, who were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling. We translated, transcribed and coded their interviews from Hindi to English. Applying Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis, we identified two major themes: (1) the work of women is consistently devalued in policing culture; and (2) patriarchal sentiments influence police officers’ views towards their female colleagues. This study expands our understanding of the prevalent gender bias against female police officers in India. Findings may assist in redesigning policies and interventions that reduce gender bias and discrimination within Indian police organisations.","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42967676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2023.2237423
Laurène Martin, Cynthia Matthias, Stephen Abeyta, Matthew Kafafian, Kelle Barrick, Amy Farrell
ABSTRACT Sex trafficking is a global human rights issue and a form of violence with numerous health and mental health sequelae. This systematic review synthesised the global literature on recruitment into sex trafficking to describe what we know and identify gaps. We identified 5,526 articles, subjected 340 to full-text review, and only 34 met inclusion/exclusion criteria. We found that the empirical literature on recruitment into trafficking is unclear and many studies lack empirical rigour. The literature base lacks detail about tactics employed in the initial recruitment phase and does not differentiate between recruitment and ongoing control of victims. There are many studies on trafficking vulnerabilities, but the literature is weak on how and when traffickers leverage vulnerabilities, and how structural conditions shape effectiveness of trafficking recruitment mechanisms in particular settings. This systematic review highlights a need for more targeted research on the initial recruitment phase of trafficking and research with traffickers.
{"title":"Mechanisms of recruitment into sex trafficking operations: a systematic review","authors":"Laurène Martin, Cynthia Matthias, Stephen Abeyta, Matthew Kafafian, Kelle Barrick, Amy Farrell","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2023.2237423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2023.2237423","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sex trafficking is a global human rights issue and a form of violence with numerous health and mental health sequelae. This systematic review synthesised the global literature on recruitment into sex trafficking to describe what we know and identify gaps. We identified 5,526 articles, subjected 340 to full-text review, and only 34 met inclusion/exclusion criteria. We found that the empirical literature on recruitment into trafficking is unclear and many studies lack empirical rigour. The literature base lacks detail about tactics employed in the initial recruitment phase and does not differentiate between recruitment and ongoing control of victims. There are many studies on trafficking vulnerabilities, but the literature is weak on how and when traffickers leverage vulnerabilities, and how structural conditions shape effectiveness of trafficking recruitment mechanisms in particular settings. This systematic review highlights a need for more targeted research on the initial recruitment phase of trafficking and research with traffickers.","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49210013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-10DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2023.2217101
Serena Favarin, G. Berlusconi, Alberto Aziani, Samuele Corradini
ABSTRACT Based on case studies and interviews, it appears that the transnational trafficking of various waste types follows distinct paths. However, this information only provides a partial view of the global waste trafficking network, as it has never been studied by combining all the known illegal flows of different waste types. To address this gap, we analysed data from the Basel Convention National Reports to reconstruct networks of countries that engaged in illegal exchanges of end-of-life vehicles, e-waste, or both between 2016 and 2019. Our findings suggest that the structure of these networks and the countries involved in the trafficking vary depending on the waste type, with some similarities. While there are a few reciprocal ties, illegal end-of-life vehicles and e-waste typically move in one direction between countries. Most illegal flows occur from the Global North to the Global South, but trafficking also takes place within each of these regions.
{"title":"Transnational trafficking networks of end-of-life vehicles and e-waste","authors":"Serena Favarin, G. Berlusconi, Alberto Aziani, Samuele Corradini","doi":"10.1080/17440572.2023.2217101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2023.2217101","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Based on case studies and interviews, it appears that the transnational trafficking of various waste types follows distinct paths. However, this information only provides a partial view of the global waste trafficking network, as it has never been studied by combining all the known illegal flows of different waste types. To address this gap, we analysed data from the Basel Convention National Reports to reconstruct networks of countries that engaged in illegal exchanges of end-of-life vehicles, e-waste, or both between 2016 and 2019. Our findings suggest that the structure of these networks and the countries involved in the trafficking vary depending on the waste type, with some similarities. While there are a few reciprocal ties, illegal end-of-life vehicles and e-waste typically move in one direction between countries. Most illegal flows occur from the Global North to the Global South, but trafficking also takes place within each of these regions.","PeriodicalId":12676,"journal":{"name":"Global Crime","volume":"24 1","pages":"215 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47329765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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