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DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)最新文献

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Phase balancing for a self-excited induction generator 自激感应发电机的相位平衡
T. Chan, L. Lai
This paper describes a phase-balancing scheme for a three-phase self-excited induction generator (SEIG) which supplies single-phase loads. It is demonstrated that perfect phase balance can be achieved using a modified Steinmetz connection, provided that the positive-sequence impedance angle of the SEIG exceeds 2/spl pi//3 rad. From the phasor diagram, the conditions for perfect balance are established. It is found that the values of phase converter elements as well as the load resistance are functions of the positive-sequence admittance and impedance angle of the induction generator. Using the method of symmetrical components, the input impedance of the SEIG can be determined and solution of the equivalent circuit is formulated as a function minimization problem. The pattern search method of Hooke and Jeeves is employed for minimizing the impedance function, which enables the machine variables to be determined. It is further shown that, when the auxiliary load resistance is absent, perfect phase balance can still be achieved when the impedance angle of the SEIG is equal to 2/spl pi//3 rad. Feasibility of the phase-balancing schemes and the validity of the theoretical analysis are confirmed by experiments on a 2.2 kW induction machine.
本文介绍了单相负载供电的三相自激感应发电机(SEIG)的相位平衡方案。结果表明,当SEIG的正序阻抗角大于2/spl pi//3 rad时,采用改进的Steinmetz连接可以实现完全相位平衡,并从相量图中建立了完全平衡的条件。结果表明,变相元件的值和负载电阻是感应发电机正序导纳和阻抗角的函数。利用对称分量法,可以确定等效电路的输入阻抗,并将等效电路的求解公式化为函数最小化问题。采用Hooke和Jeeves的模式搜索方法对阻抗函数进行最小化,从而确定机器变量。进一步表明,当辅助负载电阻不存在时,当SEIG的阻抗角等于2/spl pi//3 rad时,仍然可以实现完美的相位平衡。通过在2.2 kW感应电机上的实验,验证了相平衡方案的可行性和理论分析的有效性。
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引用次数: 6
Optimal demand-price elasticity modelling in optimal power flow via a nonlinear interior point method 基于非线性内点法的最优潮流最优需求价格弹性模型
Xie Kai, Y. Song
Spot pricing has been introduced in the power market in order to induce load shifts to achieve the aims of load management strategies. In order to ensure the successful introduction of such a pricing scheme, it is important to include accurate load-price elasticity models in optimal power flow based marginal cost calculation methodologies by making minor modifications. This paper builds up the demand-price elasticity model in the context of interior point method based optimal power flow algorithm. No extra unknowns are introduced and the modifications are limited to the diagonal entries of an augmented Hessian matrix. Moreover, the proposed method is extended to a multi-period time horizon, the effects of cross-time load shifting can therefore be accounted for. Numerical results are given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
电力市场引入现货定价是为了诱导负荷转移,实现负荷管理策略的目的。为了确保这种定价方案的成功引入,在基于最优潮流的边际成本计算方法中加入准确的负荷价格弹性模型是很重要的。本文在基于内点法的最优潮流算法背景下,建立了需求价格弹性模型。没有引入额外的未知数,并且修改仅限于增广Hessian矩阵的对角项。此外,所提出的方法扩展到一个多时期的时间范围,因此可以考虑跨时间负荷转移的影响。数值结果验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 6
Reliability cost assessment of power transmission networks using the Monte Carlo simulation approach 基于蒙特卡罗仿真方法的输电网络可靠性成本评估
E. Dialynas, S.M. Megalokonomos, D. Agoris
The power supply interruptions to the customers of a power system constitute a reduction of the respective level of system reliability. An optimal operation plan is required that achieves minimum system operating and customer interruption costs. The purpose of the paper is to describe an efficient and improved computational methodology for evaluating the costs of interruption and, hence, the reliability worth in power transmission networks considering the time varying loads and the type of customers at each load bus. This methodology was developed applying the Monte-Carlo sequential simulation approach and recognises the interruption costs at different buses for various types of customers. A number of case studies were conducted using the IEEE Reliability Test System (RTS) and the obtained results are presented and discussed.
对电力系统用户的供电中断会降低系统的可靠性水平。需要一个最优的运行计划,以实现最小的系统运行和客户中断成本。本文的目的是描述一种有效和改进的计算方法,用于评估中断成本,从而评估输电网络中考虑时变负载和每个负载总线上客户类型的可靠性价值。该方法是应用蒙特卡罗顺序模拟方法开发的,并识别了不同类型客户在不同总线上的中断成本。利用IEEE可靠性测试系统(RTS)进行了大量的案例研究,并对所获得的结果进行了介绍和讨论。
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引用次数: 1
Predatory gaming strategies for electric power markets 电力市场的掠夺性博弈策略
V. Petrov, C. Richter, G. Sheblé
The recent deregulation of the electric industry in the United States opened some sectors of the power market to competition. Buyers and sellers of electric power are competing for limited resources. Although regulations exist attempting to limit such activity, when large amounts of money are at stake, the participants have incentives to engage in predatory behavior. The goal of this study is to model an agent driven bilateral power market auction where some of the players attempt to benefit from causing instabilities like brownouts and blackouts, as well as economic instabilities by applying different gaming strategies. The market structure is similar to the California power market. The network considered consists of six generators in three zones and two loads connected by a six bus power network. An independent entity takes care of the congestion management as well of allocation of the available resources. One of the companies engages in predatory behavior, using the congestion management policies combined with carefully chosen bids to cut off one or more of the generators of the other company. Vulnerabilities associated with shutdown and startup costs, minimum up and downtimes, ramp rate and generator limits for each generator, are utilized to achieve market destabilization. Customers may be negatively impacted by the predatory behavior, since reducing the power delivered to a customer is sometimes the best solution to the total congestion management optimization problem.
美国最近对电力工业放松管制,使电力市场的某些部门开放竞争。电力的买卖双方都在争夺有限的资源。尽管存在试图限制此类活动的法规,但当大量资金处于危险之中时,参与者有动机从事掠夺性行为。本研究的目标是建立一个代理驱动的双边电力市场拍卖模型,其中一些参与者试图通过应用不同的博弈策略从造成的不稳定(如限电和停电)以及经济不稳定中获益。市场结构与加州电力市场相似。所考虑的网络由三个区域的六台发电机和由六总线电网连接的两个负载组成。一个独立的实体负责拥塞管理以及可用资源的分配。其中一家公司从事掠夺性行为,利用拥堵管理政策与精心选择的投标相结合,切断另一家公司的一个或多个发电机。与关闭和启动成本、最小启动和停机时间、斜坡率和每台发电机的发电机限制相关的漏洞被用来实现市场不稳定。客户可能会受到掠夺性行为的负面影响,因为减少向客户提供的电力有时是解决总拥塞管理优化问题的最佳解决方案。
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引用次数: 10
Applicability of engineering design concepts to power system planning and operation 工程设计理念在电力系统规划和运行中的适用性
J. Slootweg
In this paper, first the influence of both restructuring and technological innovation on the planning of power systems is explained. It is shown that as a result of restructuring and technological innovation, the complexity of power system planning increases in two ways. Restructuring leads to an increase in the number of criteria that have to be used to evaluate different possible solutions. Technological innovation leads to an increase in the number of alternative solutions. The second topic addressed in this paper is the applicability of approaches and insights from engineering design to power system planning. A number of concepts that are considered to be the core of engineering design are identified. Then, the applicability of these concepts to both generation and transmission planning, separated tasks after the restructuring of the electricity industry, is investigated. It is argued that some engineering design concepts can be applied advantageously to power system planning, whereas others are less useful because of the organizational setting or the technical characteristics of power systems.
本文首先阐述了电力系统结构调整和技术创新对电力系统规划的影响。结果表明,由于结构调整和技术创新,电力系统规划的复杂性以两种方式增加。重组导致必须用于评估不同可能解决方案的标准数量的增加。技术创新导致替代解决方案数量的增加。本文讨论的第二个主题是工程设计方法和见解对电力系统规划的适用性。确定了一些被认为是工程设计核心的概念。然后,研究了这些概念在电力行业重组后的发电和输电规划中的适用性。有人认为,一些工程设计概念可以有利地应用于电力系统规划,而另一些由于电力系统的组织设置或技术特点而不太有用。
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引用次数: 13
Genetic algorithm and universal generating function technique for solving problems of power system reliability optimization 遗传算法与通用生成函数技术求解电力系统可靠性优化问题
G. Levitin, A. Lisnianski, H. B. Haim, D. Elmakis
To provide a required level of power system reliability, redundant elements are included. Usually engineers try to achieve this level with minimal cost. The problem of total investment cost minimization, subject to reliability constraints, is well known as the redundancy optimization problem. When applied to power systems (PS), reliability is considered as a measure of the ability of the system to meet the load demand, i.e. to provide an adequate supply of electrical energy. In this case the outage effect will be essentially different for units with different nominal generating (transmitting) capacity. It will also depend on consumer demand. Therefore the capacities of PS components should be taken into account as well as the consumer load curve. To solve the redundancy optimization problem for a system with different element capacities, a genetic algorithm is used which is a technique inspired by a principle of evolution. A procedure based on the universal generating function method is used for fast reliability estimation of multi-state PS with series-parallel structure. Using the composition of the genetic algorithm and the universal generating function technique provides solutions of the following problems of reliability optimization of series-parallel multi-state PS: structure optimization subject to reliability constraints, optimal expansion, maintenance optimization and optimal multistage modernization.
为了提供所需水平的电力系统可靠性,包括冗余元件。通常,工程师们试图以最小的成本达到这一水平。在可靠性约束下的总投资成本最小化问题被称为冗余优化问题。当应用于电力系统(PS)时,可靠性被认为是衡量系统满足负载需求的能力,即提供足够的电能供应。在这种情况下,具有不同标称发电(输电)容量的机组的停电影响将有本质上的不同。这还将取决于消费者需求。因此,除了考虑用户负荷曲线外,还应考虑PS组件的容量。为了解决具有不同单元容量的系统的冗余优化问题,采用了一种受进化原理启发的遗传算法。提出了一种基于通用生成函数法的多状态串并联系统快速可靠性估计方法。采用遗传算法与通用生成函数技术相结合的方法,解决了串并联多状态动力系统的可靠性优化问题:受可靠性约束的结构优化、最优扩展、维修优化和最优多阶段现代化问题。
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引用次数: 24
Fault indicators in transmission and distribution systems 输配电系统故障指示器
Y. Tang, H.F. Wang, R. Aggarwal, A. Johns
Fault location techniques can be classified under three categories: (1) those based on fundamental frequency currents and voltages; (2) those based on travelling wave and high frequency components; and (3) those based on knowledge-based approaches. Fault indicators can be installed either in substation or on pole/tower along the transmission line. This paper reviews the fault indicator applications both in transmission and distribution systems. Principles, merits and demerits of each fault location technique are discussed. Finally, this paper suggests an advanced fault indicator based on fault generated high frequency noise signal (FI-HF), which is mounted between earth wire and tower. Fault generated high frequency noise signal is captured by a special designed "earth trap" and stack tuner.
故障定位技术可分为三类:(1)基于基频电流和电压的故障定位技术;(2)基于行波和高频分量的;(3)基于知识的方法。故障指示器既可以安装在变电站,也可以安装在输电线路的杆塔上。本文综述了故障指示器在输配电系统中的应用。讨论了各种故障定位技术的原理、优缺点。最后,提出了一种基于故障产生的高频噪声信号(FI-HF)的高级故障指示器,该故障指示器安装在接地线与铁塔之间。故障产生的高频噪声信号由特殊设计的“接地陷阱”和堆栈调谐器捕获。
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引用次数: 52
Application of auction results to power system expansion 竞价结果在电力系统扩容中的应用
S. Dekrajangpetch, G. Sheblé
Auction results reflect the market condition at the time the auction is performed. The market condition consists not only of electricity demand and supply at that period, but also includes the transmission network condition at that period. The network condition plays a major role in the auction results. If some transmission lines are congested, it can interfere with the desired operation of the network; e.g., block the transaction from the inexpensive sources to the high demand areas. Because of these reasons, an independent contract administrator (ICA) may wish to consider auction results when making decisions related to power system expansion. This work outlines a framework of applying a decision analysis approach to the auction results in selecting the expansion plan for the system.
拍卖结果反映了拍卖进行时的市场状况。市场状况不仅包括该时段的电力需求和供应,还包括该时段的输电网状况。网络条件对拍卖结果起着重要作用。如果某些传输线拥塞,可能会干扰网络的预期运行;例如,阻止从廉价资源到高需求地区的交易。由于这些原因,独立合同管理员(ICA)在制定与电力系统扩建有关的决策时可能希望考虑拍卖结果。这项工作概述了在选择系统扩展计划的拍卖结果中应用决策分析方法的框架。
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引用次数: 15
Standards for energy management system application program interfaces 能源管理系统应用程序接口标准
T. Berry
This paper introduces draft IEC standard 61970. This standard develops the guidelines and information model produced by the EPRI Control Centre Application Program Interface (CCAPI) project. The first part of the standard is a reference model describing the expected architecture and listing the major categories of applications. The major work completed is a common information model that is an object-oriented representation of a power system as viewed by energy management systems. One part describes physical based entities such as substation and conducting equipment. This model of network equipment and connectivity can also be used within distribution management systems. Other parts describe abstract entities related to the financial and scheduling data required for deregulated operation of power systems. Work is continuing to define the component interface standards for each of the application categories. This work is using a software design process that analyses the information exchanges described in use cases.
本文介绍了IEC 61970标准草案。该标准开发了EPRI控制中心应用程序接口(CCAPI)项目产生的指南和信息模型。该标准的第一部分是一个参考模型,描述了预期的体系结构并列出了应用程序的主要类别。完成的主要工作是一个公共信息模型,它是能源管理系统所看到的电力系统的面向对象表示。其中一部分描述了基于物理的实体,如变电站和导电设备。这种网络设备和连接模型也可以在配电管理系统中使用。其他部分描述了与电力系统解除管制运行所需的财务和调度数据相关的抽象实体。为每个应用程序类别定义组件接口标准的工作仍在继续。这项工作使用软件设计过程来分析用例中描述的信息交换。
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引用次数: 9
Decentralised Lyapunov-based power system stabiliser 分散式李雅普诺夫电力系统稳定器
J. Machowski, S. Robak, J. Bialek, J. Bumby
This paper describes a new structure for a stability-enhancing excitation controller designed using a nonlinear multimachine system model and Lyapunov's direct method. The controller is shown to be robust, as the damping it introduces into the system is insensitive to changes in both the system topology/parameters and the pattern of network flows. Each individual controller contributes positively to the overall system damping with no undesirable interaction between controllers. These features should allow a decentralised approach to the design of the AVR+PSS. Such a design approach is compatible with the new competitive market structures and should result in savings on commissioning costs. Simulation results for a multi-machine power system confirmed that the controllers are effective in damping local and inter-area power swings.
本文采用非线性多机系统模型和李亚普诺夫直接法设计了一种新的增稳励磁控制器结构。控制器被证明是鲁棒的,因为它引入系统的阻尼对系统拓扑/参数和网络流模式的变化不敏感。每个单独的控制器对整个系统阻尼都有积极的贡献,并且控制器之间没有不良的交互作用。这些特点应该允许一个分散的方法来设计AVR+PSS。这种设计方法与新的竞争性市场结构兼容,并应节省调试费用。对多机电力系统的仿真结果表明,该控制器能有效地抑制局部和区域间的功率波动。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)
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