Pub Date : 2016-01-25DOI: 10.4172/2090-5025.1000089
Jong Doo Lee, E. J. S. Vergara, Soojung Choi, S. Hwang, G. Bahng
Recent developments from science and medical science show a growing interest in the anti-inflammatory activity of natural materials. Inflammation is the body’s physiologic response to injurious stimulation and is known to be mediated by various pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 etc) and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase). Quantum energy living body (QELBY) powder is a fusion of a special ceramic powder with natural clay mineral classified as quantum energy radiating material (QERM). The powder, composed mostly of silicon dioxide, is known to radiate reductive radiant energy. This study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of QELBY powder on RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. QELBY powder was mixed with DMEM media and was allowed to stand for 48 hours. Afterwards, the supernatant was taken and diluted to various concentrations (0,5,10,20,40 μg/ml) prior to use. CCK-8 assay was done to determine the effects on cell viability. In addition, NO assay performed to elucidate the effect of QELBY on the NO production of LPS-stimulated macrophages. Lastly, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis for the detection of the mRNA and protein expressions, respectively, of proinflammatory cytokines and iNOS was made. Results demonstrated that QELBY powder causes both an increase in cell proliferation and a concentration-dependent decrease in NO production. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS were also inhibited. Taken together, these show that QELBY powder has anti-inflammatory activity and could therefore be used further in the development of materials that induce such kinds of benefits.
{"title":"Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Quantum Energy Living Body on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Murine RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cell Line","authors":"Jong Doo Lee, E. J. S. Vergara, Soojung Choi, S. Hwang, G. Bahng","doi":"10.4172/2090-5025.1000089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-5025.1000089","url":null,"abstract":"Recent developments from science and medical science show a growing interest in the anti-inflammatory activity of natural materials. Inflammation is the body’s physiologic response to injurious stimulation and is known to be mediated by various pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 etc) and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase). Quantum energy living body (QELBY) powder is a fusion of a special ceramic powder with natural clay mineral classified as quantum energy radiating material (QERM). The powder, composed mostly of silicon dioxide, is known to radiate reductive radiant energy. This study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of QELBY powder on RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. QELBY powder was mixed with DMEM media and was allowed to stand for 48 hours. Afterwards, the supernatant was taken and diluted to various concentrations (0,5,10,20,40 μg/ml) prior to use. CCK-8 assay was done to determine the effects on cell viability. In addition, NO assay performed to elucidate the effect of QELBY on the NO production of LPS-stimulated macrophages. Lastly, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis for the detection of the mRNA and protein expressions, respectively, of proinflammatory cytokines and iNOS was made. Results demonstrated that QELBY powder causes both an increase in cell proliferation and a concentration-dependent decrease in NO production. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS were also inhibited. Taken together, these show that QELBY powder has anti-inflammatory activity and could therefore be used further in the development of materials that induce such kinds of benefits.","PeriodicalId":127691,"journal":{"name":"Bioceramics Development and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125570165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-19DOI: 10.4172/2090-5025.1000088
A. Amin, E. Ewais, Y. Ahmed, Eman A. Ashor, U. Hess, K. Rezwan
New ceramic composites from calcia-magnesia-silica system at a molar ratio of (CaO-MgO)/SiO2 closes to the unity and the addition of different amounts of zirconia (5 wt %, 15 wt % and 25 wt %) have been investigated. These systems powders were formed and fired at 1310 ± 20°C for 2 hr. Phase composition, microstructure, physical and mechanical properties of these composites were determined. The in-vitro bioactivities of these sintered composites were investigated by analysis of their ability for the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) using SEM-EDS after their soaking in the simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 days. The findings indicated that beginning of HA formation on the surface of all investigated composites. However, the composite containing 5 wt % ZrO2 gave clear tendency toward the formation-ability of HA typical to cauliflower morphology. The mechanical properties of the promised bioactive composite in term of Vickers hardness and fracture toughness were ~3 Gpa and ~2 Mpa. m1/2, respectively. The ceramic composite containing 5 wt % ZrO2 might be nominated to be implanted material because their property is quite similar to the properties of human cortical bone.
{"title":"Zirconia Effect on the Bioactivity and the Mechanical Properties ofCalcium Magnesium Silicate Ceramics at (CaO+MgO)/SiO2 Molar RatioClose to Unity","authors":"A. Amin, E. Ewais, Y. Ahmed, Eman A. Ashor, U. Hess, K. Rezwan","doi":"10.4172/2090-5025.1000088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-5025.1000088","url":null,"abstract":"New ceramic composites from calcia-magnesia-silica system at a molar ratio of (CaO-MgO)/SiO2 closes to the unity and the addition of different amounts of zirconia (5 wt %, 15 wt % and 25 wt %) have been investigated. These systems powders were formed and fired at 1310 ± 20°C for 2 hr. Phase composition, microstructure, physical and mechanical properties of these composites were determined. The in-vitro bioactivities of these sintered composites were investigated by analysis of their ability for the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) using SEM-EDS after their soaking in the simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 days. The findings indicated that beginning of HA formation on the surface of all investigated composites. However, the composite containing 5 wt % ZrO2 gave clear tendency toward the formation-ability of HA typical to cauliflower morphology. The mechanical properties of the promised bioactive composite in term of Vickers hardness and fracture toughness were ~3 Gpa and ~2 Mpa. m1/2, respectively. The ceramic composite containing 5 wt % ZrO2 might be nominated to be implanted material because their property is quite similar to the properties of human cortical bone.","PeriodicalId":127691,"journal":{"name":"Bioceramics Development and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121408127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-05DOI: 10.4172/2090-5025.1000086
A. Davide, Augusti Gabriele, Cerutti Francesca, D. Re
Purpose: To assess how sandblasting influences shear bond strength (SBS) between nano-ceramic-resin and two resin cements. Methods: 40 nano-ceramic-resin blocks were divided into two groups (n=20): a control (C) and a test group (S_50) where air abrasion (50 µm, 0.28 MPa,10 s) was applied. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n=10) according to the applied luting material: a self-etch dual-cure resin cement (LP) and a dual-cure resin cement (LR). SBSs were determined with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Fracture patterns were evaluated by a stereomicroscope (25x) and classified into adhesive, cohesive and mixed. One-way ANOVA test (α=.01) was used to establish differences between groups, considering SBS as dependent and the type of surface treatment as independent variable. Results: Mean SBS (MPa) obtained for P were 8.68 ± 1.16 for C and 13.91 ± 2.58 for S_50. Sandblasting positively affected (p<0.01) the self-adhesive cement adhesion to nano-ceramic resin. Group C_LP showed 100% of adhesive fractures, while S_50_LP had some cohesive (20%) and mixed fractures (10%). The fracture pattern of group C_LR was 60% cohesive, 20% adhesive and 20% mixed, while group S_50-LR showed 100% of cohesive failure. Conclusion: Sandblasting is suggested when luting nano-ceramic resin with LP.
{"title":"Does sandblasting improve bond strength between nano-ceramic resin and two different luting composites?","authors":"A. Davide, Augusti Gabriele, Cerutti Francesca, D. Re","doi":"10.4172/2090-5025.1000086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-5025.1000086","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To assess how sandblasting influences shear bond strength (SBS) between nano-ceramic-resin and two resin cements. Methods: 40 nano-ceramic-resin blocks were divided into two groups (n=20): a control (C) and a test group (S_50) where air abrasion (50 µm, 0.28 MPa,10 s) was applied. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n=10) according to the applied luting material: a self-etch dual-cure resin cement (LP) and a dual-cure resin cement (LR). SBSs were determined with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Fracture patterns were evaluated by a stereomicroscope (25x) and classified into adhesive, cohesive and mixed. One-way ANOVA test (α=.01) was used to establish differences between groups, considering SBS as dependent and the type of surface treatment as independent variable. Results: Mean SBS (MPa) obtained for P were 8.68 ± 1.16 for C and 13.91 ± 2.58 for S_50. Sandblasting positively affected (p<0.01) the self-adhesive cement adhesion to nano-ceramic resin. Group C_LP showed 100% of adhesive fractures, while S_50_LP had some cohesive (20%) and mixed fractures (10%). The fracture pattern of group C_LR was 60% cohesive, 20% adhesive and 20% mixed, while group S_50-LR showed 100% of cohesive failure. Conclusion: Sandblasting is suggested when luting nano-ceramic resin with LP.","PeriodicalId":127691,"journal":{"name":"Bioceramics Development and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116469056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-08DOI: 10.4172/2090-5025.1000085
F. ArmandoMontesinos
Frictional resistance is crucial between arch wires and brackets, sometimes benefic and in other clinical situations undesirable, making difficult to apply orthodontic forces efficiently. There are many variables that influence frictional resistance and the method of ligation is one of the most important. The objective of this study was to compare static and kinetic frictional resistance during the sliding of 0.016” and 0.016” × 0.022” SS arch wires (upper and lower) through orthodontic brackets, using different methods of ligation (elastomeric ties, low friction elastomeric ties, stainless steel ligature, active and passive self-ligating brackets). It was developed an original methodology to evaluate frictional resistance to sliding with different methods of ligation. The results showed that the method of ligation that generated the highest static and kinetic frictional resistance values was elastomeric ties, followed by low friction elastomeric ties>metallic ligature> and at last self-ligating brackets for all arch wires.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Static and Kinetic Frictional Resistance during the Sliding of Arch Wires through Orthodontic Brackets, using Different Methods of Ligation, in the Dry State","authors":"F. ArmandoMontesinos","doi":"10.4172/2090-5025.1000085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-5025.1000085","url":null,"abstract":"Frictional resistance is crucial between arch wires and brackets, sometimes benefic and in other clinical situations undesirable, making difficult to apply orthodontic forces efficiently. There are many variables that influence frictional resistance and the method of ligation is one of the most important. The objective of this study was to compare static and kinetic frictional resistance during the sliding of 0.016” and 0.016” × 0.022” SS arch wires (upper and lower) through orthodontic brackets, using different methods of ligation (elastomeric ties, low friction elastomeric ties, stainless steel ligature, active and passive self-ligating brackets). It was developed an original methodology to evaluate frictional resistance to sliding with different methods of ligation. The results showed that the method of ligation that generated the highest static and kinetic frictional resistance values was elastomeric ties, followed by low friction elastomeric ties>metallic ligature> and at last self-ligating brackets for all arch wires.","PeriodicalId":127691,"journal":{"name":"Bioceramics Development and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129522387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-10DOI: 10.4172/2090-5025.1000084
Bone cements, Biologically relevant ions
Egg shells have been used as a calcium source for synthesis of tetra calcium phosphate (ETTCP) by solid state reaction method. The cell parameters and cell volume of ETTCP measured by X-ray powder diffraction method were lower than the tetra calcium phosphate prepared using synthetic Ca(CO)3 (pure TTCP) for comparison. The vibration bands of ETTCP were also slightly different from the vibration bands of pure TTCP characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. ETTCP has been tried as a main component in a self setting bone cement to evaluate the advantages of the presence of the biologically relevant ions such as Mg2+, Sr2+, SiO2- 4, F-, K+ and Na+ ions in the cement properties. The setting time of the ETTCP derived cement was ~ 11 min compared to ~ 16 min of the pure TTCP derived cement. The amount of hydroxyapatite formed as the end product was about 12% higher for ETTCP derived cement than pure TTCP derived cement after 28 days of immersion in phosphate buffer solution as confirmed by phase analysis. Elemental analysis also indicates the presence of trace elements in minor concentration in ETTCP derived cement. Although both the cements showed similar compressive strength after 28 days, the initial strength of the ETTCP derived cement was remarkably higher during initial stages of the hardening reaction (24 h–7 days) compared to TTCP derived cement. Cell viability of L6 cells was higher and cell spreading was more for the ETTCP derived cement than pure TTCP derived cement. The present study has demonstrated the advantages of eggshell derived TTCP in bone cement formulations due to the presence of biologically relevant ions. This may help the clinician with brief surgical procedure by using faster setting cement as well as the patient to have quick recovery with a higher initial strength of cement.
{"title":"Self Setting Bone Cement Formulations Based on Egg shell Derived TetraCalcium Phosphate BioCeramics","authors":"Bone cements, Biologically relevant ions","doi":"10.4172/2090-5025.1000084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-5025.1000084","url":null,"abstract":"Egg shells have been used as a calcium source for synthesis of tetra calcium phosphate (ETTCP) by solid state reaction method. The cell parameters and cell volume of ETTCP measured by X-ray powder diffraction method were lower than the tetra calcium phosphate prepared using synthetic Ca(CO)3 (pure TTCP) for comparison. The vibration bands of ETTCP were also slightly different from the vibration bands of pure TTCP characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. ETTCP has been tried as a main component in a self setting bone cement to evaluate the advantages of the presence of the biologically relevant ions such as Mg2+, Sr2+, SiO2- 4, F-, K+ and Na+ ions in the cement properties. The setting time of the ETTCP derived cement was ~ 11 min compared to ~ 16 min of the pure TTCP derived cement. The amount of hydroxyapatite formed as the end product was about 12% higher for ETTCP derived cement than pure TTCP derived cement after 28 days of immersion in phosphate buffer solution as confirmed by phase analysis. Elemental analysis also indicates the presence of trace elements in minor concentration in ETTCP derived cement. Although both the cements showed similar compressive strength after 28 days, the initial strength of the ETTCP derived cement was remarkably higher during initial stages of the hardening reaction (24 h–7 days) compared to TTCP derived cement. Cell viability of L6 cells was higher and cell spreading was more for the ETTCP derived cement than pure TTCP derived cement. The present study has demonstrated the advantages of eggshell derived TTCP in bone cement formulations due to the presence of biologically relevant ions. This may help the clinician with brief surgical procedure by using faster setting cement as well as the patient to have quick recovery with a higher initial strength of cement.","PeriodicalId":127691,"journal":{"name":"Bioceramics Development and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117073861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-22DOI: 10.4172/2090-5025.1000083
M. HafidMBelafaquir, N. Merzouk, H. AlGana, L. Fajri
In order to perform new dental implant, we carried out investigations on α-alumina and calcium phosphate based composites. α-Alumina nano-powder were synthesized using reverse micelle method while calcium phosphate nano-powders with different molar ratio starting from 1.8 to 1.1 were synthesized by precipitation method, using calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2.4H2O) and ammonium hydrogen orthophosphate (NH4H2PO4) as precursor materials as source for calcium (Ca²+) and phosphate ((PO4)3-) ions respectively. Samples of respectively 5, 10 and 20% weight of Calcium phosphate powder were mixed with alumina, consolidated and sintered at 1400°C for 4 hours. The synthesized composites, in form of pellets were characterized for bulk density, apparent porosity, hardness and flexural strength properties.
{"title":"Physical Properties of Calcium Phosphate-Alumina Bio ceramics as DentalImplants","authors":"M. HafidMBelafaquir, N. Merzouk, H. AlGana, L. Fajri","doi":"10.4172/2090-5025.1000083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-5025.1000083","url":null,"abstract":"In order to perform new dental implant, we carried out investigations on α-alumina and calcium phosphate based composites. α-Alumina nano-powder were synthesized using reverse micelle method while calcium phosphate nano-powders with different molar ratio starting from 1.8 to 1.1 were synthesized by precipitation method, using calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2.4H2O) and ammonium hydrogen orthophosphate (NH4H2PO4) as precursor materials as source for calcium (Ca²+) and phosphate ((PO4)3-) ions respectively. Samples of respectively 5, 10 and 20% weight of Calcium phosphate powder were mixed with alumina, consolidated and sintered at 1400°C for 4 hours. The synthesized composites, in form of pellets were characterized for bulk density, apparent porosity, hardness and flexural strength properties.","PeriodicalId":127691,"journal":{"name":"Bioceramics Development and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130571320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-25DOI: 10.4172/2090-5025.1000082
A. Hannickel, Prado da Silva Mh
Calcium phosphate ceramics have been used as synthetic grafts for bone repair. This family of alloplastic grafts is an alternative to allografts (from other individuals from the same specie), autografts (from the same individual) or xenografts (from individuals from other species). Sintered bovine bone is basically composed mainly by hydroxyapatite (HA), Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 but chemical analyses indicate the presence of Mg. Chemical and heat treatments are generally required to eliminate biological hazard. However, the more crystalline hydroxyapatite, the less resorbable the product is. An approach to have a highly crystalline and still resorbable material is to use additions of alpha or beta tricalcium phosphate, Ca3(PO4)2 , (TCP). The addition of fractions of some bioactive glasses to hydroxyapatite has shown to be effective in promoting its decomposition to tricalcium phosphate. In addition, glass reinforced hydroxyapatite composite are materials with higher compressive strength due to liquid phase sintering. In this study, novel scaffolds based on hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate are presented.
{"title":"Novel Bioceramic Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine","authors":"A. Hannickel, Prado da Silva Mh","doi":"10.4172/2090-5025.1000082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-5025.1000082","url":null,"abstract":"Calcium phosphate ceramics have been used as synthetic grafts for bone repair. This family of alloplastic grafts is an alternative to allografts (from other individuals from the same specie), autografts (from the same individual) or xenografts (from individuals from other species). Sintered bovine bone is basically composed mainly by hydroxyapatite (HA), Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 but chemical analyses indicate the presence of Mg. Chemical and heat treatments are generally required to eliminate biological hazard. However, the more crystalline hydroxyapatite, the less resorbable the product is. An approach to have a highly crystalline and still resorbable material is to use additions of alpha or beta tricalcium phosphate, Ca3(PO4)2 , (TCP). The addition of fractions of some bioactive glasses to hydroxyapatite has shown to be effective in promoting its decomposition to tricalcium phosphate. In addition, glass reinforced hydroxyapatite composite are materials with higher compressive strength due to liquid phase sintering. In this study, novel scaffolds based on hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate are presented.","PeriodicalId":127691,"journal":{"name":"Bioceramics Development and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125402112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-03DOI: 10.4172/2090-5025.1000080
Q. Lv, Xiaohua Yu, M. Deng, L. Nair, C. Laurencin
Polymeric sintered microsphere scaffolds have shown their tremendous potential in bone tissue engineering applications due to their highly porous and interconnected three dimensional structure and excellent mechanical properties. While these scaffolds are able to support basic cellular activity after seeding cells on them, the bioactivity of these scaffolds in terms of enhancing the biological performance of stem cells during bone regeneration is still under satisfactory. We hypothesized that incorporation of bioactive addictive such as hydroxyapatite into these scaffolds could improve their bioactivity without sacrificing the bulk properties of the scaffolds. We have successfully incorporated nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) into poly (lactic acid-glycolic acid) (PLAGA) microsphere based scaffolds in our previous studies. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the bioactivity of PLAGA/n-HA composite scaffolds, with a focus on studying the mineralization of the scaffolds in vitro. The capability of inducing apatite formation in vitro was largely enhanced in the composite scaffolds compared to plain PLAGA scaffolds. More importantly, PLAGA/n-HA composite scaffolds have been shown to improve rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (RMSCs) proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization as compared to control PLAGA scaffolds. Taken together, introduction of n-HA appears to be an efficient approach to improve the bioactivity of PLAGA scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
{"title":"Evaluation of PLAGA/n-HA Composite Scaffold Bioactivity in vitro","authors":"Q. Lv, Xiaohua Yu, M. Deng, L. Nair, C. Laurencin","doi":"10.4172/2090-5025.1000080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-5025.1000080","url":null,"abstract":"Polymeric sintered microsphere scaffolds have shown their tremendous potential in bone tissue engineering applications due to their highly porous and interconnected three dimensional structure and excellent mechanical properties. While these scaffolds are able to support basic cellular activity after seeding cells on them, the bioactivity of these scaffolds in terms of enhancing the biological performance of stem cells during bone regeneration is still under satisfactory. We hypothesized that incorporation of bioactive addictive such as hydroxyapatite into these scaffolds could improve their bioactivity without sacrificing the bulk properties of the scaffolds. We have successfully incorporated nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) into poly (lactic acid-glycolic acid) (PLAGA) microsphere based scaffolds in our previous studies. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the bioactivity of PLAGA/n-HA composite scaffolds, with a focus on studying the mineralization of the scaffolds in vitro. The capability of inducing apatite formation in vitro was largely enhanced in the composite scaffolds compared to plain PLAGA scaffolds. More importantly, PLAGA/n-HA composite scaffolds have been shown to improve rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (RMSCs) proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization as compared to control PLAGA scaffolds. Taken together, introduction of n-HA appears to be an efficient approach to improve the bioactivity of PLAGA scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.","PeriodicalId":127691,"journal":{"name":"Bioceramics Development and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129224303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-31DOI: 10.4172/2090-5025.1000079
K. Madhumathi, S. Ts, T. MohammedSanjeed, A. SabikMuhammed, Sahal Nazrudeen, D. Sharanya
Developing multimodal contrast agents is an upcoming area and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles substituted with various elements like gadolinium, eurobium etc., seems to be a promising contrast agent, especially for multimodal imaging of bone-tissue interface. A bimodal contrast agent using silver (Ag+) and gadolinium (Gd3+) ions co-substituted hydroxyapatite nanoparticles has been developed for X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging. Ag+ and Gd3+ ions were co-substituted into hydroxyapatite at various atomic percentages (Ag:Gd=0.25:0.25, 0.25:0.5, 0.25:0.75) using microwave accelerated wet chemical synthesis. Pure as well as Ag+ and Gd3+ ions substituted hydroxyapatite samples were also synthesized for comparison. All samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy etc., and found to be monophasic, nanocrystalline with the substituted ions. These co-substituted hydroxyapatite samples were then tested in different diagnostic modalities such as X-ray, computed tomography imaging and magnetic resonance imaging. Appreciable variation in contrast was observed with different amount of substitutions. All the Ag+ and Gd3+ ions co-substituted hydroxyapatite nanoparticles showed higher contrast in all imaging modalities compared to those substituted with either Ag+ or Gd3+ ions only. Hydroxyapatite sample co-substituted with 0.25Ag and 0.75Gd at. % substitution showed the best bimodal CT-MRI contrast.
{"title":"Silver and Gadolinium Ions Co-substituted Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles as Bimodal Contrast Agent for Medical Imaging","authors":"K. Madhumathi, S. Ts, T. MohammedSanjeed, A. SabikMuhammed, Sahal Nazrudeen, D. Sharanya","doi":"10.4172/2090-5025.1000079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-5025.1000079","url":null,"abstract":"Developing multimodal contrast agents is an upcoming area and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles substituted with various elements like gadolinium, eurobium etc., seems to be a promising contrast agent, especially for multimodal imaging of bone-tissue interface. A bimodal contrast agent using silver (Ag+) and gadolinium (Gd3+) ions co-substituted hydroxyapatite nanoparticles has been developed for X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging. Ag+ and Gd3+ ions were co-substituted into hydroxyapatite at various atomic percentages (Ag:Gd=0.25:0.25, 0.25:0.5, 0.25:0.75) using microwave accelerated wet chemical synthesis. Pure as well as Ag+ and Gd3+ ions substituted hydroxyapatite samples were also synthesized for comparison. All samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy etc., and found to be monophasic, nanocrystalline with the substituted ions. These co-substituted hydroxyapatite samples were then tested in different diagnostic modalities such as X-ray, computed tomography imaging and magnetic resonance imaging. Appreciable variation in contrast was observed with different amount of substitutions. All the Ag+ and Gd3+ ions co-substituted hydroxyapatite nanoparticles showed higher contrast in all imaging modalities compared to those substituted with either Ag+ or Gd3+ ions only. Hydroxyapatite sample co-substituted with 0.25Ag and 0.75Gd at. % substitution showed the best bimodal CT-MRI contrast.","PeriodicalId":127691,"journal":{"name":"Bioceramics Development and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131092123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-27DOI: 10.4172/2090-5025.1000081
S. Dorozhkin
The present overview is intended to point the readers’ attention to the important subject of calcium orthophosphates. They are of the special significance for the human beings because they represent the inorganic part of major normal (bones, teeth and antlers) and pathological (i.e., those appearing due to various diseases) calcified tissues of mammals. Therefore, the majority of the artificially prepared calcium orthophosphates of high purity appear to be well tolerated by human tissues in vivo and possess the excellent biocompatibility, osteoconductivity and bioresorbability. These biomedical properties of calcium orthophosphates are widely used to construct bone grafts. In addition, natural calcium orthophosphates are the major source of phosphorus, which are used to produce agricultural fertilizers, detergents and various phosphorus-containing chemicals. Thus, there is a great significance of calcium orthophosphates for the humankind and, here, an overview on the current knowledge on this subject is provided.
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