H. Okada, Chao Zhao, Y. Mizuta, K. Yoshino, R. Sugimoto
Methyl methacrylate (MMA) was successfully grafted onto cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) at room temperature in an emulsion system using a diethyl(1,10-phenanthroline N1,N10)zinc(II) complex (Phen-DEZ) with oxygen as the radical initiator. The effects of reaction temperature, initiator concentration, and monomer content on the grafting reaction were investigated. The molecular weight of the non-grafted PMMA, which was produced during graft polymerization, was more than 1 million, as determined by size exclusion chromatography. The PMMA-grafted CNFs were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy, which confirmed the grafting of PMMA on the nanofiber surface. The study presents a strategy for the grafting of high-molecular weight PMMA onto CNFs in an emulsion system using Phen-DEZ and O2.
{"title":"Emulsion Graft Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate onto Cellulose Nanofibers","authors":"H. Okada, Chao Zhao, Y. Mizuta, K. Yoshino, R. Sugimoto","doi":"10.4236/GSC.2021.111002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/GSC.2021.111002","url":null,"abstract":"Methyl \u0000methacrylate (MMA) was successfully grafted onto cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) at \u0000room temperature in an emulsion system using a diethyl(1,10-phenanthroline N1,N10)zinc(II) complex (Phen-DEZ) \u0000with oxygen as the radical initiator. The effects of reaction temperature, \u0000initiator concentration, and monomer content on the grafting reaction were \u0000investigated. The molecular weight of the non-grafted PMMA, which was produced \u0000during graft polymerization, was more than 1 million, as determined by size \u0000exclusion chromatography. The PMMA-grafted CNFs were analyzed by Fourier \u0000transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning \u0000electron microscopy, which confirmed the grafting of PMMA on the nanofiber \u0000surface. The study presents a strategy for the grafting of high-molecular \u0000weight PMMA onto CNFs in an emulsion system using Phen-DEZ and O2.","PeriodicalId":12770,"journal":{"name":"Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"11 1","pages":"9-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87152851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A procedure for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Cannabis sativa (hemp plant) as a stabilizing media was developed and antibacterial activity was tested. Within 30 minutes of heating the mixture of silver nitrate and hemp extract, the formation of silver nanoparticles took place under the complete absence of a chemical reducing or an additional stabilizing agent. The so-formed AgNPs were characterized using different optical spectroscopy and electron microscopy techniques. The initial formation of AgNPs was established from UV-Vis data based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of AgNPs at ~417 nm. The exact size, shape, and elemental composition of AgNPs were established from ESEM images and EDS data. The antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles was studied on Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram-negative Escherichia coli following Disk diffusion and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) tests. Results showed that the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using hemp extract could be a simple,inexpensive, and biocompatible method.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Cannabis sativa Extracts and Their Anti-Bacterial Activity","authors":"S. Mandal, S. Marpu, R. Hughes, M. Omary, S. Shi","doi":"10.4236/GSC.2021.111004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/GSC.2021.111004","url":null,"abstract":"A procedure for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Cannabis sativa (hemp plant) as a stabilizing \u0000media was developed and antibacterial activity was tested. Within 30 minutes of \u0000heating the mixture \u0000of silver nitrate and hemp extract, the formation of silver nanoparticles took place \u0000under the complete absence of a chemical reducing or an additional stabilizing agent. \u0000The so-formed AgNPs were characterized using different optical spectroscopy and \u0000electron microscopy techniques. The initial formation of AgNPs was established from \u0000UV-Vis data based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of AgNPs at ~417 nm. The exact size, shape, and elemental composition of \u0000AgNPs were established from ESEM images and EDS data. The antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles was \u0000studied on Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, \u0000and Gram-negative Escherichia coli following Disk diffusion and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) tests. \u0000Results showed that the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using hemp extract could be a simple,inexpensive, \u0000and biocompatible method.","PeriodicalId":12770,"journal":{"name":"Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"72 1","pages":"28-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81620969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microwave-assisted reactions are an environmentally friendly approach for synthesizing organic compounds. In this study, oximation of acetylferrocene and acetophenone was conducted under both microwave irradiation and conventional heating conditions. Acetylferrocene and acetophenone were subjected to oximation under the two conditions in various solvent mixtures, and the extent of conversion was determined by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Microwave irradiation was found to accelerate the rate of oximation of both acetylferrocene and acetophenone. Acceleration of the reaction under microwave irradiation was attributed to the efficient absorption of microwaves by the ferrocene nucleus.
{"title":"Effect of Microwave Irradiation on Oximation of Acetylferrocene","authors":"Y. Okada, Ryuichi Maeda","doi":"10.4236/GSC.2021.111001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/GSC.2021.111001","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave-assisted reactions are an environmentally \u0000friendly approach for synthesizing organic compounds. In this study, oximation \u0000of acetylferrocene and acetophenone was conducted under both microwave irradiation \u0000and conventional heating conditions. Acetylferrocene and acetophenone were \u0000subjected to oximation under the two conditions in various solvent mixtures, \u0000and the extent of conversion was determined by 1H nuclear magnetic \u0000resonance spectroscopy. Microwave irradiation was found to accelerate the rate of \u0000oximation of both acetylferrocene and acetophenone. Acceleration of the \u0000reaction under microwave irradiation was attributed to the efficient absorption \u0000of microwaves by the ferrocene nucleus.","PeriodicalId":12770,"journal":{"name":"Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80356535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurudeen Ishola Mohammed, N. Kabbashi, Z. Alam, M. Mirghani
Cost of biodiesel is primarily because of factors such as the feedstock, production process and materials. Apparently, the final biodiesel product is a bit expensive compared to fossil diesel fuel. While non-food feedstock of high oil content such as Jatropha curcas has been proposed to reduce the cost due to the feedstock, a promising two-step approach of hydro-esterification can possibly offset the production cost for oil resource with high free fatty acids. Most importantly, optimization of the materials and process is expected to reduce wastage, enhance product purity and generate less wastewater. However, optimizing product generation has been dauntingly elusive because several parameters are needed to be considered holistically. In this study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the yield and conversion of Jatropha biodiesel from J. curcas hydrolysate. An optimum Yield and conversion of 96% was achieved for both responses with an optimum temperature value of 60°C, 4 wt% for catalyst loading for 6 hrs reaction time. Findings imply that optimization study of Jatropha curcas hydrolysate for yield and conversion of fatty acid methyl esters using face centered central composite design of Design Expert 6.0.8 can ensure purity of product, conserve energy and reduce waste generation providing a significant frontier in biodiesel pricing.
{"title":"Optimization of Jatropha Biodiesel Production by Response Surface Methodology","authors":"Nurudeen Ishola Mohammed, N. Kabbashi, Z. Alam, M. Mirghani","doi":"10.4236/GSC.2021.111003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/GSC.2021.111003","url":null,"abstract":"Cost of biodiesel is primarily because of factors such \u0000as the feedstock, production process and materials. Apparently, the final biodiesel \u0000product is a bit expensive compared to fossil diesel fuel. While non-food feedstock \u0000of high oil content such as Jatropha curcas has been proposed to reduce \u0000the cost due to the feedstock, a promising two-step approach of hydro-esterification \u0000can possibly offset the production cost for oil resource with high free fatty acids. \u0000Most importantly, optimization of the materials and process is expected to reduce \u0000wastage, enhance product purity and generate less wastewater. However, optimizing \u0000product generation has been dauntingly elusive because several parameters are needed \u0000to be considered holistically. In this study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) \u0000was employed to optimize the yield and conversion of Jatropha biodiesel from J. curcas hydrolysate. \u0000An optimum Yield and conversion of 96% was achieved for both responses with an optimum \u0000temperature value of 60°C, 4 wt% for catalyst loading for 6 hrs reaction \u0000time. Findings imply that optimization study of Jatropha curcas hydrolysate \u0000for yield and conversion of fatty acid methyl esters using face centered central \u0000composite design of Design Expert 6.0.8 can ensure purity of product, conserve energy \u0000and reduce waste generation providing a significant frontier in biodiesel pricing.","PeriodicalId":12770,"journal":{"name":"Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86801990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsc.2020.100393
Ana Palčić, E. Catizzone
{"title":"Application of nanosized zeolites in methanol conversion processes: A short review","authors":"Ana Palčić, E. Catizzone","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsc.2020.100393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2020.100393","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12770,"journal":{"name":"Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"26 1","pages":"100393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78121818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Temporal and Oscillatory Behavior Observed during Methanol Synthesis on a Cu/ZnO/Al<sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">2</span></sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">O</span><sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">3</span></sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> (60:30:10) Catalyst","authors":"M. A. Aldosari","doi":"10.4236/gsc.2021.113007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/gsc.2021.113007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12770,"journal":{"name":"Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76452407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Matin, Md. Aftab Ali Shaikh, Md. Anwar Hossain, M. Alauddin, T. Debnath, M. Aziz
The study of various oxidation states of chromium with Sargassum sp. is of particular interest since hexavalent chromium is reduced to trivalent chromium in an aqueous solution. In this study, a systematic density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to study the interactions of transition metal chromium ion with different oxidation states and spin states with the Sargassum sp. decorated with carboxylate (acetate) at the wB97XD/6-311++ G(d,p) level of theory. The structures and binding energies of chromium met-al-carboxylate complexes at various oxidation states and spin states in gas phase were examined. The coordination strength of Cr(VI) with the acetate ligand was predominantly the strongest compared to the other oxidation states. Vibrational frequency analysis, for the homoleptic monomers of tris [Cr III (AC) 3 ] 0 and [Cr VI (AC) 3 ] 3+ complexes, illustrate good harmony with the experimental and theoretical calculated frequencies. Using the time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) at the level of CAM-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p), the vertical excitation energies were obtained. The stabilization energies derived using the second order perturbation
由于六价铬在水溶液中被还原为三价铬，因此用马尾藻研究铬的各种氧化态是特别有趣的。本文采用系统密度泛函理论(DFT)计算方法，在wB97XD/6-311++ G(d,p)理论水平上研究了具有不同氧化态和自旋态的过渡金属铬离子与羧酸盐修饰马尾藻的相互作用。研究了铬金属-羧酸铝配合物在不同氧化态和气相自旋态下的结构和结合能。与其他氧化态相比，Cr(VI)与乙酸配体的配位强度最强。对三种[Cr III (AC) 3] 0和[Cr VI (AC) 3] 3+配合物的同感单体的振动频率分析表明，它们与实验和理论计算的频率具有良好的一致性。利用CAM-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)水平的时间相关DFT (TD-DFT)，得到了垂直激发能。利用二阶微扰导出的稳定能
{"title":"The Effects of Oxidation States and Spin States of Chromium Interaction with Sargassum Sp.: A Spectroscopic and Density Functional Theoretical Study","authors":"M. A. Matin, Md. Aftab Ali Shaikh, Md. Anwar Hossain, M. Alauddin, T. Debnath, M. Aziz","doi":"10.4236/gsc.2021.114011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/gsc.2021.114011","url":null,"abstract":"The study of various oxidation states of chromium with Sargassum sp. is of particular interest since hexavalent chromium is reduced to trivalent chromium in an aqueous solution. In this study, a systematic density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to study the interactions of transition metal chromium ion with different oxidation states and spin states with the Sargassum sp. decorated with carboxylate (acetate) at the wB97XD/6-311++ G(d,p) level of theory. The structures and binding energies of chromium met-al-carboxylate complexes at various oxidation states and spin states in gas phase were examined. The coordination strength of Cr(VI) with the acetate ligand was predominantly the strongest compared to the other oxidation states. Vibrational frequency analysis, for the homoleptic monomers of tris [Cr III (AC) 3 ] 0 and [Cr VI (AC) 3 ] 3+ complexes, illustrate good harmony with the experimental and theoretical calculated frequencies. Using the time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) at the level of CAM-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p), the vertical excitation energies were obtained. The stabilization energies derived using the second order perturbation","PeriodicalId":12770,"journal":{"name":"Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74856965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Abylaeva, T. Abdulazizov, Zamira Sandybaeva, Z. Abdullaeva, Ernis Bepiev, Z. Akhmedova
This article is investigating the preparation of essential oil from the ether-containing plants of Juniper (Juniperus) and spruce (Picea) leaves by using the simple water distillation equipment. This water distillation method forms an essential oil with water vapor from plants of Juniper (Juniperus) and spruce (Picea) leaves based on Dalton’s law of partial pressure, applicable for plants containing a large amount of ether oil where distillation temperature is not affecting product quality. Obtained essential oils are widely used in medicine, perfumery, cosmetics, and food industry. In addition, these essential oils possess different activities including antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory, which have different effects such as adaptogenic, antidepressive, disinfection, and wound healing, diuretic, and antipyretic.
{"title":"Essential Oil from Ether-Containing Plants of Juniper (Juniperus) and Spruce (Picea) Leaves by Distillation","authors":"B. Abylaeva, T. Abdulazizov, Zamira Sandybaeva, Z. Abdullaeva, Ernis Bepiev, Z. Akhmedova","doi":"10.4236/gsc.2020.104008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/gsc.2020.104008","url":null,"abstract":"This article is investigating the preparation of essential oil from the \u0000ether-containing plants of Juniper (Juniperus) and spruce (Picea) leaves by using the simple water distillation equipment. This water \u0000distillation method forms an essential oil with water vapor from plants of \u0000Juniper (Juniperus) and spruce (Picea) leaves based on Dalton’s law of partial \u0000pressure, applicable for plants containing a large amount of ether oil where \u0000distillation temperature is not affecting \u0000product quality. Obtained essential oils are widely used in medicine, \u0000perfumery, cosmetics, and food industry. In addition, these essential oils \u0000possess different activities including antimicrobial, antiviral, and \u0000anti-inflammatory, which have different effects such as adaptogenic, \u0000antidepressive, disinfection, and wound healing, diuretic, and antipyretic.","PeriodicalId":12770,"journal":{"name":"Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82212709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Because of various disadvantages of chemical synthesis processes, these days people are attracting towards green synthesis processes as it is devoid of toxic by-products, cost-effective and eco-friendly. In this study, a simple green synthesis method is applied for the synthesis of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (MNPs) by co-precipitation of FeCl3·6H2O and FeSO4·7H2O in the molar ratio of 2:1 using Azadirachta indica leaves extract under nitrogen environment. FTIR, XRD, SEM etc. were used to characterize the synthesized MNPs. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to determine adsorption equilibrium of As(V) as a function of pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and different initial concentrations. Kinetics results were best described by pseudo-second order model with rate constant value 0.0052 g/(mg·min). The equilibrium adsorption isotherm was best fitted with Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 62.89 mg/g at pH 2. MNPs showed a high affinity for As(V) and avoids filtration for solid-liquid separation, thus it would be employed as a promising material for the removal of As(V) from water.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Leaves Extracts of Azadirachta indica and Its Application for the Removal of As(V) from Water","authors":"K. Parajuli, A. K. Sah, H. Paudyal","doi":"10.4236/gsc.2020.104009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/gsc.2020.104009","url":null,"abstract":"Because of various disadvantages of chemical synthesis processes, these days people are attracting towards green synthesis processes as it is devoid of toxic by-products, cost-effective and eco-friendly. In this study, a simple green synthesis method is applied for the synthesis of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (MNPs) by co-precipitation of FeCl3·6H2O and FeSO4·7H2O in the molar ratio of 2:1 using Azadirachta indica leaves extract under nitrogen environment. FTIR, XRD, SEM etc. were used to characterize the synthesized MNPs. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to determine adsorption equilibrium of As(V) as a function of pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and different initial concentrations. Kinetics results were best described by pseudo-second order model with rate constant value 0.0052 g/(mg·min). The equilibrium adsorption isotherm was best fitted with Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 62.89 mg/g at pH 2. MNPs showed a high affinity for As(V) and avoids filtration for solid-liquid separation, thus it would be employed as a promising material for the removal of As(V) from water.","PeriodicalId":12770,"journal":{"name":"Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"43 1","pages":"117-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83841687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joseph Katenta, C. K. Nakiguli, P. Mukasa, E. Ntambi
The potential of the Senegal date palm (Phoenix reclinata) seed bio-char to remove chromium (VI) ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption was investigated. Adsorption experiments were performed on the tannery effluent and standard aqueous solutions of chromium (VI) for varying adsorbent doses, contact times, pH, temperatures, and interfering anionic ions by batch mode. Phoenix reclinata seeds (PRS) bio-char was used in the investigation and the residual chromium (VI) was determined using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Results showed that the bio-char removed up to 86% of chromium (VI) ions in the effluent at pH 2. The highest percentage adsorption registered was 97% in an aqueous solution of chromium (VI) at pH 1 and this dropped to less than 10% at pH greater than 2. A general increase in adsorption with the increase in temperature was observed but reduced when the temperature was raised beyond 60°C. The presence of interfering anions caused a reduction in the adsorption of chromium (VI) ions. The adsorption process fitted both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models and the maximum adsorption capacity, Qo, was 0.6593 mg/g. Thus, PRS bio-char can therefore be used by industries and institutions like secondary schools to treat effluents that contain chromium (VI).
{"title":"Removal of Chromium (VI) from Tannery Effluent Using Bio-Char of Phoenix reclinata Seeds","authors":"Joseph Katenta, C. K. Nakiguli, P. Mukasa, E. Ntambi","doi":"10.4236/gsc.2020.103007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/gsc.2020.103007","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of the Senegal date palm (Phoenix reclinata) seed bio-char to remove chromium (VI) ions from aqueous solutions by \u0000adsorption was investigated. Adsorption experiments were performed on the \u0000tannery effluent and standard aqueous solutions of chromium (VI) for varying \u0000adsorbent doses, contact times, pH, temperatures, and interfering anionic ions \u0000by batch mode. Phoenix reclinata seeds (PRS) bio-char was used in the investigation and the residual \u0000chromium (VI) was determined using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer \u0000(AAS). Results showed that the bio-char removed up to 86% of chromium (VI) ions \u0000in the effluent at pH 2. The highest percentage adsorption registered was 97% \u0000in an aqueous solution of chromium (VI) at pH 1 and this dropped to less than \u000010% at pH greater than 2. A general increase in adsorption with the increase in temperature was \u0000observed but reduced when the temperature was raised beyond 60°C. The presence of interfering anions caused a reduction in the \u0000adsorption of chromium (VI) ions. The adsorption process fitted both Langmuir \u0000and Freundlich adsorption models and the maximum adsorption capacity, Qo, was 0.6593 mg/g. Thus, PRS bio-char can therefore be used by industries and institutions like secondary schools to treat \u0000effluents that contain chromium (VI).","PeriodicalId":12770,"journal":{"name":"Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76756487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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