Kouakou Adjoumani Rodrigue, Ehouman Ahissan Donatien, Konan Affoué Tindo Sylvie, Teki Adjoba Marie-Emmanuelle, Kouadio Marc Cyril, A. Eric, Konan Gbangbo Remis
This study allowed us to highlight the level of pollution of a BAYA River water near several poultry farms and the sizing of an anaerobic digester that will be able to treat chicken manure from a poultry farm (BRIN FOUNDATION). To evaluate this pollution, the parameters such as ammonium ( 4 NH + ), Phosphate ( 34 PO − ), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (DBO 5 ) and Nitrate ( digester with a capacity of 10 m 3 .
{"title":"Dimensioning of an Anaerobic Digester for the Treatment of Chicken Manure and for the Production of Biogas: The Case Study of a Chicken Farm in Yaokokoroko (Côte d’Ivoire)","authors":"Kouakou Adjoumani Rodrigue, Ehouman Ahissan Donatien, Konan Affoué Tindo Sylvie, Teki Adjoba Marie-Emmanuelle, Kouadio Marc Cyril, A. Eric, Konan Gbangbo Remis","doi":"10.4236/gsc.2022.124008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/gsc.2022.124008","url":null,"abstract":"This study allowed us to highlight the level of pollution of a BAYA River water near several poultry farms and the sizing of an anaerobic digester that will be able to treat chicken manure from a poultry farm (BRIN FOUNDATION). To evaluate this pollution, the parameters such as ammonium ( 4 NH + ), Phosphate ( 34 PO − ), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (DBO 5 ) and Nitrate ( digester with a capacity of 10 m 3 .","PeriodicalId":12770,"journal":{"name":"Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87499815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Karume, S. Tewolde, E. Tebandeke, Is’harq Z. T. Mukasa, Ruth Mbabazi
In this study, the metal coordination ability of alpha-cyclodextrin (α-CD) was employed to complex gold and thus isolate and extract it from different matrices of acid-digests of electronic waste and soil. The crude α-CD used was extracted from cassava and yam starch of the non-edible plant species using E. coli α-cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (α-CGTase), with yields ≥ 62%. The reaction was monitored progressively by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and checked with infrared spectroscopy (IR) for the presence of α-CD. The crude α-CD extract without need for purification was refluxed with gold contain-ing-electronic waste and soil predigested in a mixture of NaBr/HNO 3 for 4 - 7 days. Recoveries of up to 22.9% and 70.8% gold were achieved from electronic waste and soil, respectively using 0.1 M α-CD. This approach is cheap, ef-fective, and environmentally benign.
本研究利用α-环糊精(α-CD)的金属配位能力来络合金，从而从不同基质的电子废弃物和土壤酸消化物中分离提取金。采用大肠杆菌α-环糊精葡聚糖转移酶(α-CGTase)从木薯和山药的非食用植物淀粉中提取粗α-CD，产率≥62%。用紫外-可见光谱逐步监测反应，并用红外光谱(IR)检测α-CD的存在。将不需要提纯的α-CD粗提物与含金电子废弃物和在NaBr/ hno3混合物中预消化的土壤一起回流4 ~ 7天。在0.1 M α-CD条件下，从电子废弃物和土壤中金的回收率分别高达22.9%和70.8%。这种方法廉价、有效，而且对环境无害。
{"title":"Efficiency of Crude <i>α</i>-Cyclodextrin in Gold Recovery from Electronic Waste and Soil","authors":"I. Karume, S. Tewolde, E. Tebandeke, Is’harq Z. T. Mukasa, Ruth Mbabazi","doi":"10.4236/gsc.2022.123006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/gsc.2022.123006","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the metal coordination ability of alpha-cyclodextrin (α-CD) was employed to complex gold and thus isolate and extract it from different matrices of acid-digests of electronic waste and soil. The crude α-CD used was extracted from cassava and yam starch of the non-edible plant species using E. coli α-cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (α-CGTase), with yields ≥ 62%. The reaction was monitored progressively by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and checked with infrared spectroscopy (IR) for the presence of α-CD. The crude α-CD extract without need for purification was refluxed with gold contain-ing-electronic waste and soil predigested in a mixture of NaBr/HNO 3 for 4 - 7 days. Recoveries of up to 22.9% and 70.8% gold were achieved from electronic waste and soil, respectively using 0.1 M α-CD. This approach is cheap, ef-fective, and environmentally benign.","PeriodicalId":12770,"journal":{"name":"Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89196387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simultaneous nitrification denitrification (SND) is a well-established phenomenon in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems. Study at a municipal wastewater treatment facility sought to determine nitrogen removal effectiveness within a full-scale sequential batch reactor (SBR) system utilizing SND in conjunction with traditional nitrogen removal. In addition to characterizing extent of SND, the research examined the ability of SND to meet state-based effluent water quality standards. At the selected facility, the average SND efficiency during a two-month sampling period was 52.8%, par-alleling results from similar SBR municipal wastewater systems. The observed SBR system had removal efficiencies > 99% for the influent to effluent 4 NH + -N concentrations. The SND process also resulted in average NO 3 -NO 2 -N concentration that was 82% lower than the theoretical concentration under comparable circumstances. Overall, nitrogen removal for this SBR system was >99% which typified results in other SND systems, but at a higher Total Nitrogen removal rate.
{"title":"Full Scale SBR Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facility Utilization of Simultaneous Nitrification/Denitrification Coupled with Traditional Nitrogen Removal to Meet Water Criterion","authors":"Charles L Martin Jr., Clayton J. Clark II","doi":"10.4236/gsc.2022.122004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/gsc.2022.122004","url":null,"abstract":"Simultaneous nitrification denitrification (SND) is a well-established phenomenon in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems. Study at a municipal wastewater treatment facility sought to determine nitrogen removal effectiveness within a full-scale sequential batch reactor (SBR) system utilizing SND in conjunction with traditional nitrogen removal. In addition to characterizing extent of SND, the research examined the ability of SND to meet state-based effluent water quality standards. At the selected facility, the average SND efficiency during a two-month sampling period was 52.8%, par-alleling results from similar SBR municipal wastewater systems. The observed SBR system had removal efficiencies > 99% for the influent to effluent 4 NH + -N concentrations. The SND process also resulted in average NO 3 -NO 2 -N concentration that was 82% lower than the theoretical concentration under comparable circumstances. Overall, nitrogen removal for this SBR system was >99% which typified results in other SND systems, but at a higher Total Nitrogen removal rate.","PeriodicalId":12770,"journal":{"name":"Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85533878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Mineno, Yukizi Suzuki, Tomoya Nobuta, Daiki Takano, Hisao Kansui
Protecting groups often play an essential role in organic synthesis, particularly for multi-step synthesis or natural product total synthesis. Various protecting groups areavailable to mask the vulnerable functionality; phenolic hydroxy groups are noteworthy examples, but their stability differs when protected. Herein, the compatibility of protective phenolic functionality was investigated with the implementation of indium (III) triflate-catalyzed oxidative esterification using Oxone in methanol. A wide range of protective moieties was selected and subjected to Oxone-mediated oxidative esterification. For example, sulfonates were found to be sufficiently stable and inert whereas acetals were susceptible to reaction conditions. The details of this investigation are pro-vided.
{"title":"The Compatibility of Groups Used to Protect Phenolic Functionality during Oxone-Mediated Oxidative Esterification","authors":"T. Mineno, Yukizi Suzuki, Tomoya Nobuta, Daiki Takano, Hisao Kansui","doi":"10.4236/gsc.2022.124007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/gsc.2022.124007","url":null,"abstract":"Protecting groups often play an essential role in organic synthesis, particularly for multi-step synthesis or natural product total synthesis. Various protecting groups areavailable to mask the vulnerable functionality; phenolic hydroxy groups are noteworthy examples, but their stability differs when protected. Herein, the compatibility of protective phenolic functionality was investigated with the implementation of indium (III) triflate-catalyzed oxidative esterification using Oxone in methanol. A wide range of protective moieties was selected and subjected to Oxone-mediated oxidative esterification. For example, sulfonates were found to be sufficiently stable and inert whereas acetals were susceptible to reaction conditions. The details of this investigation are pro-vided.","PeriodicalId":12770,"journal":{"name":"Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90856790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Hidayat, Hadi Imran A. Halem, Y. Mitoma, H. Harada
Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are non-renewable materials and widely in many industries such as agricultural sectors. On the other hand, the demand of P and K as fertilizers increases which following global population. The nutrient source of P and K which get from biomass waste i.e. incinerated of activated sludge and coffee husk biochar, respectively. The present study was conducted recovery of P and K as struvite-K (KMgPO4·6H2O) precipitates. The results showed that aluminium was released simultaneously with P from incinerated activated sludge with precipitate of Al:P of 1:1, K:P of 0.5, and Mg:P of 3. However, aluminium was inhibited to form struvite-K. Then, we examined cation removal especially for removed Al by dissolved 0.5 M HNO3 and the solution was mixed with KH2PO4 and MgCl2·6H2O as source of K and Mg, respectively. The results showed aluminium (Al) was removed with precipitate K:P of 0.5, and Mg:P of 0.8. This study was confirmed that recovery of biomass incinerated was successful as struvite-K and can be used as fertilizers.
磷(P)和钾(K)是不可再生材料，广泛应用于许多工业，如农业部门。另一方面，随着全球人口的增加，作为肥料的磷和钾的需求也在增加。磷和钾的营养源分别来自生物质废弃物，即焚烧后的活性污泥和咖啡壳生物炭。本研究以鸟粪石-K (KMgPO4·6H2O)沉淀的形式回收P和K。结果表明:在Al:P为1:1,K:P为0.5,Mg:P为3的条件下，焚烧活性污泥中铝与磷同时释放;然而，铝被抑制形成鸟粪石- k。然后，我们研究了溶解0.5 M HNO3，并分别以KH2PO4和MgCl2·6H2O为K和Mg源的溶液对阳离子的去除，特别是对去除Al的去除。结果表明，铝(Al)的去除率为沉淀K:P为0.5,Mg:P为0.8。本研究证实焚烧后的生物质可成功回收为鸟粪钾，可作为肥料使用。
{"title":"Recovery of Biomass Incinerated as Struvite-K Precipitates Followed Aluminium Removal","authors":"E. Hidayat, Hadi Imran A. Halem, Y. Mitoma, H. Harada","doi":"10.4236/gsc.2021.113009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/gsc.2021.113009","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus \u0000(P) and potassium (K) are non-renewable materials and widely in many industries such as agricultural sectors. On the other hand, the demand of P and K as fertilizers increases which \u0000following global population. The nutrient source of P and K which get from \u0000biomass waste i.e. incinerated of activated sludge and \u0000coffee husk biochar, respectively. The present study was conducted recovery of \u0000P and K as struvite-K (KMgPO4·6H2O) \u0000precipitates. The results showed that aluminium was released simultaneously with P from incinerated activated \u0000sludge with precipitate of Al:P of 1:1, K:P of 0.5, and Mg:P of 3. However, \u0000aluminium was inhibited to form struvite-K. Then, we examined cation removal \u0000especially for removed Al by dissolved 0.5 M HNO3 and the solution was \u0000mixed with KH2PO4 and MgCl2·6H2O \u0000as source of K and Mg, respectively. The \u0000results showed aluminium (Al) was removed with precipitate K:P of 0.5, and Mg:P of 0.8. This study was \u0000confirmed that recovery of biomass incinerated was successful as struvite-K and can be used as fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":12770,"journal":{"name":"Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83222086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In African communities, traditional beer drinking remains a unifying factor within its populations both socially, commercially, culturally, politically, in health and nutrition and for some ritual practices. In this research a field survey was carried out to investigate the consumption of corn beer and in particular Nkang in the North-West Region of Cameroon. The tools that were employed to carry out these investigations included face-to-face interviews and the use of properly designed questionnaires. Results from the survey showed that three types of maize-based beverages are drunk in the North-West Region of Cameroon, which are locally called Kwacha (whitish, most viscous and most turbid), Sha-ah (cream white, viscous and turbid) and Nkang (dark brown, least viscous and least turbid) in terms of colour, viscosity and turbidity. The percentage awareness of the existence of these beers from the sampled population gave the following values; 60.9% for Kwacha, 100% for Sha-ah and 89.1% for Nkang. Nonetheless, 54.5% of the 60.9% of those who were aware of the existence of kwacha had at least tasted it. Also 98.2% out of the 100% for Sha-ah and 85.5% out of 89.1% for Nkang had tasted them, too. Nkang was found to be the most preferred to Sha-ah then Kwacha in that order by the consumers since Nkang is very tasteful, least alcoholic, least turbid, least viscous, has the most attractive colour than the others, has a significant impact on the culture of some localities in this region and as well as it is natural and nutritious. However, Nkang as well as the other two has varying organoleptic properties, unsatisfactory conservation and short shelf-life. Hence are consumed within a short period of time from their production. Because of the low alcoholic content of Nkang, the beverage is consumed by both adults (most elderly), children, those who have health problems and it is mostly preferred by some Christians though not frequently seen in the markets. It was equally observed that the little quantity of Nkang found in the markets is of poor quality which keeps dropping everyday thus an indication of its risk becoming extinct. Therefore, if Nkang is clarified and its quality improved, the problems can be solved as even attested by the consumers who say they will buy at even a higher price if clarify. As well as those who want it for their cultural reasons do not want it to face out too.
{"title":"A Field Survey to Assess the Consumption of Nkang for Standardization and Valorization in the North-West Region of Cameroon","authors":"Acha Anna Afek, D. Carly, N. E. Jong","doi":"10.4236/gsc.2021.113010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/gsc.2021.113010","url":null,"abstract":"In African communities, traditional beer drinking remains a unifying factor within its populations both socially, commercially, culturally, politically, in health and nutrition and for some ritual practices. In this research a field survey was carried out to investigate the consumption of corn beer and in particular Nkang in the North-West Region of Cameroon. The tools that were employed to carry out these investigations included face-to-face interviews and the use of properly designed questionnaires. Results from the survey showed that three types of maize-based beverages are drunk in the North-West Region of Cameroon, which are locally called Kwacha (whitish, most viscous and most turbid), Sha-ah (cream white, viscous and turbid) and Nkang (dark brown, least viscous and least turbid) in terms of colour, viscosity and turbidity. The percentage awareness of the existence of these beers from the sampled population gave the following values; 60.9% for Kwacha, 100% for Sha-ah and 89.1% for Nkang. Nonetheless, 54.5% of the 60.9% of those who were aware of the existence of kwacha had at least tasted it. Also 98.2% out of the 100% for Sha-ah and 85.5% out of 89.1% for Nkang had tasted them, too. Nkang was found to be the most preferred to Sha-ah then Kwacha in that order by the consumers since Nkang is very tasteful, least alcoholic, least turbid, least viscous, has the most attractive colour than the others, has a significant impact on the culture of some localities in this region and as well as it is natural and nutritious. However, Nkang as well as the other two has varying organoleptic properties, unsatisfactory conservation and short shelf-life. Hence are consumed within a short period of time from their production. Because of the low alcoholic content of Nkang, the beverage is consumed by both adults (most elderly), children, those who have health problems and it is mostly preferred by some Christians though not frequently seen in the markets. It was equally observed that the little quantity of Nkang found in the markets is of poor quality which keeps dropping everyday thus an indication of its risk becoming extinct. Therefore, if Nkang is clarified and its quality improved, the problems can be solved as even attested by the consumers who say they will buy at even a higher price if clarify. As well as those who want it for their cultural reasons do not want it to face out too.","PeriodicalId":12770,"journal":{"name":"Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83663912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noah Haskin, Richard A. Guingrich, Allison J. Schrader, Matthew R. Crosse, A. Dave, Eeshwaraiah Begari, R. Mohan
The synthesis of nitrogen containing heterocycles is of particular interest in the pharmaceutical industry due to the range of biological activities exhibited by such compounds. Their synthesis using multicomponent reactions saves steps and minimizes waste generation. The bismuth (III) chloride multicomponent synthesis of a series of hexahydroimidazo[1, 2-a]pyridines is reported. Bismuth (III) compounds are especially attractive from a green chemistry perspective because they are remarkably nontoxic, non-corrosive and relatively inexpensive. The reported method avoids chromatography and an aqueous waste stream to afford the products in a very mass efficient manner.
{"title":"Bismuth (III) Chloride Catalyzed Multicomponent Synthesis of Substituted Hexahydroimidazo[1, 2-a]Pyridines","authors":"Noah Haskin, Richard A. Guingrich, Allison J. Schrader, Matthew R. Crosse, A. Dave, Eeshwaraiah Begari, R. Mohan","doi":"10.4236/gsc.2021.113008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/gsc.2021.113008","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of nitrogen containing heterocycles is of particular interest in the pharmaceutical industry due to \u0000the range of biological activities exhibited by such compounds. Their synthesis \u0000using multicomponent reactions saves steps and minimizes waste generation. The \u0000bismuth (III) chloride multicomponent synthesis of a series of \u0000hexahydroimidazo[1, 2-a]pyridines is reported. Bismuth (III) \u0000compounds are especially attractive from a green chemistry perspective because \u0000they are remarkably nontoxic, non-corrosive and relatively inexpensive. The reported method avoids chromatography and an \u0000aqueous waste stream to afford the products in a very mass efficient manner.","PeriodicalId":12770,"journal":{"name":"Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83205404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1016/J.COGSC.2021.100499
V. Alampanos, V. Samanidou
{"title":"Current trends in green sample preparation prior to liquid chromatographic bioanalysis","authors":"V. Alampanos, V. Samanidou","doi":"10.1016/J.COGSC.2021.100499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COGSC.2021.100499","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12770,"journal":{"name":"Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77837146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the viability of post-harvested plantain biomass as a promising feedstock for the production of Bioethanol. The properties of the derived bio-ethanol were determined to examine its suitability as a promising and sustainable alternative to petroleum-based ethanol The research revealed that Plantain biomass is made up of Lignocellulosic contents such as extractive, Lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses, ash and moisture in different proportions. The different parts of the biomass such as the flower, stem and leaves were hydrolyzed using H2SO4. Optimum hydrolysis conditions of 6%w/v acid concentration, 30 min contact time and 80°C working temperature were established for Plantain stem and flower. However, hydrolysis of Plantain leaves was at the best under the experimental conditions of acid concentration (10% w/v), contact time (120 min) and temperature (120°C). The highest yield of the bio-ethanol produced was obtained from Plantain stem biomass with a record of 8.04% followed by Plantain flower with a yield of 7.73% and 757% from Plantain leaves The hydrolyzate was fermented using Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) at a room temperature of 25°C and pH of 4.5 for 4 D. The structural determination of the derived bioethanol was conducted using FT-IR analysis and the fuel properties were found to be consistent with those of the conventional ethanol. The SEM analysis conducted on the post hydrolysed biomass confirmed the effectiveness of the hydrolysis scheme adopted as evident on the surface morphology of the biomass. This study confirmed the viability of Plantain biomass as promising feedstock for Bio-ethanol production under the established hydrolysis conditions.
{"title":"Evaluation of Plantain Biomass (Musa paradisiaca L.), as Feedstock for Bio-Ethanol Production","authors":"H. O. Ogunsuyi, Christiana Aanu Olawale","doi":"10.4236/GSC.2021.112006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/GSC.2021.112006","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the viability of post-harvested plantain biomass as a promising feedstock for the production of Bioethanol. The properties of the derived bio-ethanol were determined to examine its suitability as a promising and sustainable alternative to petroleum-based ethanol The research revealed that Plantain biomass is made up of Lignocellulosic contents such as extractive, Lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses, ash and moisture in different proportions. The different parts of the biomass such as the flower, stem and leaves were hydrolyzed using H2SO4. Optimum hydrolysis conditions of 6%w/v acid concentration, 30 min contact time and 80°C working temperature were established for Plantain stem and flower. However, hydrolysis of Plantain leaves was at the best under the experimental conditions of acid concentration (10% w/v), contact time (120 min) and temperature (120°C). The highest yield of the bio-ethanol produced was obtained from Plantain stem biomass with a record of 8.04% followed by Plantain flower with a yield of 7.73% and 757% from Plantain leaves The hydrolyzate was fermented using Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) at a room temperature of 25°C and pH of 4.5 for 4 D. The structural determination of the derived bioethanol was conducted using FT-IR analysis and the fuel properties were found to be consistent with those of the conventional ethanol. The SEM analysis conducted on the post hydrolysed biomass confirmed the effectiveness of the hydrolysis scheme adopted as evident on the surface morphology of the biomass. This study confirmed the viability of Plantain biomass as promising feedstock for Bio-ethanol production under the established hydrolysis conditions.","PeriodicalId":12770,"journal":{"name":"Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86859275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Nakavoua, Guy Crépin Enoua, Stéphanie Manhan-Iniangas, P. Chalard, G. Figuérédo
Skin aging is a process most often attributed to UV [1] and also to the use of creams and other cosmetic products low in antioxidant compounds [2]. Photochemically stable pepo Cucurbita oil can be used as an exogenous cosmetic supplement due to its high antioxidant content. Incorporated in an agar, media containing a synthetic melanin solution with added pumpkin oil are subjected to UV light, the aging thus modeled is followed by the measurement of photoresistance values correlated with chemical and spectrophotometric analyses. This study confirms that pumpkin oil is highly effective in protecting the skin, especially the most sensitive skins such as babies’ skin [3] by reinforcing the action of melanin and also that of albinos without melanin. Indeed its SPF (Significant Sun Protection Factor) index estimated during this work is very consistent, i.e. more than 22% of UVB (280 - 315 nm) radiations are suppressed.
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