Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0035
Ali Keya Anami
Islamic ethics prescribe its followers to zealously guard their behavior, words, thoughts, and intentions and observe certain norms and moral codes in their financial transactions; in their social affairs; and in private and public life. The unique feature of the Islamic ethical system is that it permeates all spheres and fields of human life. Islam therefore has its own distinctive value-based ethical system for finance dealings. It prescribes certain specific guidelines governing finance ethics, which are dictated primarily by the notion of halal (lawful or permitted) and haram (unlawful or prohibited) as per Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). The current global economic meltdown is a clear revelation of the shortcomings of the conventional financial set-up and the weakness of self-designed system devoid of spiritual and divine guidance, hence the yearning and desire for a socially just financial system by conscious individuals and corporate bodies. The assertion that Islamic financial system is only distinguished from other economic systems in its emphasis on interest free and other usurious transactions coupled with the fact that many concepts are springing up contending with the Islamic financial system inform the need to study the system within the context of Islamic ethical principles. This paper is therefore out to articulate the ethical principles of financial institutions as enshrined in the Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet so that Islamic financial system will not lose focus and to avoid being carried away by the flamboyant and excessive profits and surpluses of the conventional financial institutions.
{"title":"Ethical entrepreneurship: Islamic financial principles for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)","authors":"Ali Keya Anami","doi":"10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0035","url":null,"abstract":"Islamic ethics prescribe its followers to zealously guard their behavior, words, thoughts, and intentions and observe certain norms and moral codes in their financial transactions; in their social affairs; and in private and public life. The unique feature of the Islamic ethical system is that it permeates all spheres and fields of human life. Islam therefore has its own distinctive value-based ethical system for finance dealings. It prescribes certain specific guidelines governing finance ethics, which are dictated primarily by the notion of halal (lawful or permitted) and haram (unlawful or prohibited) as per Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). The current global economic meltdown is a clear revelation of the shortcomings of the conventional financial set-up and the weakness of self-designed system devoid of spiritual and divine guidance, hence the yearning and desire for a socially just financial system by conscious individuals and corporate bodies. The assertion that Islamic financial system is only distinguished from other economic systems in its emphasis on interest free and other usurious transactions coupled with the fact that many concepts are springing up contending with the Islamic financial system inform the need to study the system within the context of Islamic ethical principles. This paper is therefore out to articulate the ethical principles of financial institutions as enshrined in the Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet so that Islamic financial system will not lose focus and to avoid being carried away by the flamboyant and excessive profits and surpluses of the conventional financial institutions.","PeriodicalId":12791,"journal":{"name":"GSC Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":"388 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140417191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0036
Kali Ann Striker, Scott Painter Jerome, Mari Høe-Raitto, Laura Kay Falkenstein, Lawrence Kevin Duffy, Kriya Lee Dunlap
Vitamin D deficiency affects canines and humans alike. Athletes are a particularly high-risk group. Further research regarding optimal intake and supplementation is needed to establish the parameters of vitamin D status in both humans and canines and to create a physiologically-relevant definition for vitamin D sufficiency. The objectives of this study were to (1) compare 25-OHD (25-hydroxy vitamin D) levels in sled dogs before and after receiving a diet supplemented with wild Alaskan salmon and (2) correlate biomarkers associated with vitamin D metabolism to 25-OHD levels in sled dogs. Plasma samples from 14 working sled dogs between 10 months and 7 years of age were collected before and after a 4-week supplementation with »0.45 kg of salmon/day. Samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for parathyroid hormone and vitamin D binding protein (DBP); 25-OHD levels were measured via radioimmunoassay. 25-OHD and DBP in sled dogs significantly increased after a 4-week supplementation with salmon (P=0.0011 and 0.0367, respectively). Additional variations in 25-OHD were observed when separated by sex (P=0.0404) and age (P<0.0001). 57% of the dogs were deficient prior to the salmon supplementation and 14% at the completion of the study. Wild Alaskan salmon is one of the few food sources that provide appreciable amounts of vitamin D. A 4-week salmon supplementation in sled dogs was sufficient to improve 25-OHD concentrations in most sled dogs in this study. Confounding factors such as age and sex affect circulating 25-OHD levels.
维生素 D 缺乏症对犬类和人类都有影响。运动员尤其是高危人群。需要对最佳摄入量和补充剂进行进一步研究,以确定人类和犬类的维生素 D 状态参数,并为维生素 D 缺乏症制定一个与生理相关的定义。本研究的目的是:(1) 比较雪橇犬在接受阿拉斯加野生鲑鱼补充饮食前后的 25-OHD(25-羟基维生素 D)水平;(2) 将与维生素 D 代谢相关的生物标志物与雪橇犬体内的 25-OHD 水平联系起来。对 14 只年龄在 10 个月到 7 岁之间的工作雪橇犬进行了为期 4 周的 "每天 0.45 千克鲑鱼 "补充剂摄入前后的血浆样本采集。使用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)分析样本中的甲状旁腺激素和维生素 D 结合蛋白(DBP);通过放射免疫测定法测量 25-OHD 水平。在补充鲑鱼 4 周后,雪橇犬体内的 25-OHD 和 DBP 显著增加(P=0.0011 和 0.0367)。如果按性别(P=0.0404)和年龄(P<0.0001)区分,还可以观察到 25-OHD 的其他变化。57%的狗在补充鲑鱼前缺乏营养,14%的狗在研究结束时缺乏营养。在这项研究中,对雪橇犬补充 4 周鲑鱼就足以提高大多数雪橇犬体内的 25-OHD 浓度。年龄和性别等干扰因素会影响循环中的 25-OHD 水平。
{"title":"Wild Alaskan salmon supplementation increases 25-OHD levels in sled dogs","authors":"Kali Ann Striker, Scott Painter Jerome, Mari Høe-Raitto, Laura Kay Falkenstein, Lawrence Kevin Duffy, Kriya Lee Dunlap","doi":"10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0036","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin D deficiency affects canines and humans alike. Athletes are a particularly high-risk group. Further research regarding optimal intake and supplementation is needed to establish the parameters of vitamin D status in both humans and canines and to create a physiologically-relevant definition for vitamin D sufficiency. The objectives of this study were to (1) compare 25-OHD (25-hydroxy vitamin D) levels in sled dogs before and after receiving a diet supplemented with wild Alaskan salmon and (2) correlate biomarkers associated with vitamin D metabolism to 25-OHD levels in sled dogs. Plasma samples from 14 working sled dogs between 10 months and 7 years of age were collected before and after a 4-week supplementation with »0.45 kg of salmon/day. Samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for parathyroid hormone and vitamin D binding protein (DBP); 25-OHD levels were measured via radioimmunoassay. 25-OHD and DBP in sled dogs significantly increased after a 4-week supplementation with salmon (P=0.0011 and 0.0367, respectively). Additional variations in 25-OHD were observed when separated by sex (P=0.0404) and age (P<0.0001). 57% of the dogs were deficient prior to the salmon supplementation and 14% at the completion of the study. Wild Alaskan salmon is one of the few food sources that provide appreciable amounts of vitamin D. A 4-week salmon supplementation in sled dogs was sufficient to improve 25-OHD concentrations in most sled dogs in this study. Confounding factors such as age and sex affect circulating 25-OHD levels.","PeriodicalId":12791,"journal":{"name":"GSC Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140423360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This comprehensive review explores the dynamic landscape of predictive analytics in credit risk management within the banking sector. Anchored in a qualitative research design, the study synthesizes existing literature and real-world case studies to provide a multifaceted understanding of predictive analytics' role in modern banking. The review identifies key trends, highlighting the integration of predictive analytics across diverse banking operations, the transition to advanced machine learning algorithms, the democratization of predictive analytics tools, and the growing emphasis on ethical and regulatory compliance. It underscores the effectiveness of predictive analytics, showcasing its ability to enhance risk assessment precision, decision-making agility, and overall banking performance. Comparative analyses reveal the varying performance of predictive models across contexts, emphasizing the importance of tailored model selection. However, challenges such as data quality, model interpretability, talent scarcity, ethical considerations, and implementation costs pose significant hurdles. Looking forward, predictive analytics promises to be an indispensable tool for mitigating credit risk in the banking sector, offering refined risk assessments, smarter decisions, and enhanced resilience. The insights from this review provide valuable guidance for banking professionals, regulators, and researchers navigating the evolving landscape of predictive analytics in banking.
{"title":"Predictive analytics in credit risk management for banks: A comprehensive review","authors":"Wilhelmina Afua Addy, Chinonye Esther Ugochukwu, Adedoyin Tolulope Oyewole, Onyeka Chrisanctus Ofodile, Omotayo Bukola Adeoye, Chinwe Chinazo Okoye","doi":"10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0077","url":null,"abstract":"This comprehensive review explores the dynamic landscape of predictive analytics in credit risk management within the banking sector. Anchored in a qualitative research design, the study synthesizes existing literature and real-world case studies to provide a multifaceted understanding of predictive analytics' role in modern banking. The review identifies key trends, highlighting the integration of predictive analytics across diverse banking operations, the transition to advanced machine learning algorithms, the democratization of predictive analytics tools, and the growing emphasis on ethical and regulatory compliance. It underscores the effectiveness of predictive analytics, showcasing its ability to enhance risk assessment precision, decision-making agility, and overall banking performance. Comparative analyses reveal the varying performance of predictive models across contexts, emphasizing the importance of tailored model selection. However, challenges such as data quality, model interpretability, talent scarcity, ethical considerations, and implementation costs pose significant hurdles. Looking forward, predictive analytics promises to be an indispensable tool for mitigating credit risk in the banking sector, offering refined risk assessments, smarter decisions, and enhanced resilience. The insights from this review provide valuable guidance for banking professionals, regulators, and researchers navigating the evolving landscape of predictive analytics in banking.","PeriodicalId":12791,"journal":{"name":"GSC Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":"417 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140417332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0075
Alexandros Argyriadis, Agathi Argyriadi
Background: Studies examining the cultural and societal factors that shape perceptions of psychiatric patients and medication are gaining prominence. These studies investigate how cultural beliefs, values, and norms influence attitudes towards mental illness and treatment-seeking behavior, with a focus on addressing cultural barriers to care. Aim: The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of literature on these interconnected topics and to analyze the evolving landscape of attitudes towards mental illness within society. Methods: To comprehensively examine the topic, a rigorous literature review approach was utilized. This involved systematically searching and analyzing a wide range of scholarly articles, reviews, and meta-analyses from high-impact factor journals. The search process involved accessing academic databases and employing search strings to ensure inclusivity and relevance of the gathered literature. This methodological approach allowed for the identification and synthesis of key insights, trends, and findings pertaining to the subject matter, providing a robust foundation for the subsequent analysis and discussion. Results: The results reveal a diverse array of perspectives on psychiatric patients, ranging from stigma and discrimination to advocacy for human rights and empowerment. Furthermore, the analysis highlights the impact of the antipsychiatric movement on shaping societal attitudes towards psychiatric treatment and the broader conceptualization of mental illness. Conclusions: Conclusions drawn from this review underscore the importance of addressing stigma, promoting patient-centered care, and fostering inclusivity within mental health discourse and policy.
{"title":"Societal attitudes towards psychiatric patients, medication, and the antipsychiatric movement within the context of theoretical approaches and inclusion initiatives. Τhe role of mental health professionals","authors":"Alexandros Argyriadis, Agathi Argyriadi","doi":"10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0075","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Studies examining the cultural and societal factors that shape perceptions of psychiatric patients and medication are gaining prominence. These studies investigate how cultural beliefs, values, and norms influence attitudes towards mental illness and treatment-seeking behavior, with a focus on addressing cultural barriers to care. Aim: The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of literature on these interconnected topics and to analyze the evolving landscape of attitudes towards mental illness within society. Methods: To comprehensively examine the topic, a rigorous literature review approach was utilized. This involved systematically searching and analyzing a wide range of scholarly articles, reviews, and meta-analyses from high-impact factor journals. The search process involved accessing academic databases and employing search strings to ensure inclusivity and relevance of the gathered literature. This methodological approach allowed for the identification and synthesis of key insights, trends, and findings pertaining to the subject matter, providing a robust foundation for the subsequent analysis and discussion. Results: The results reveal a diverse array of perspectives on psychiatric patients, ranging from stigma and discrimination to advocacy for human rights and empowerment. Furthermore, the analysis highlights the impact of the antipsychiatric movement on shaping societal attitudes towards psychiatric treatment and the broader conceptualization of mental illness. Conclusions: Conclusions drawn from this review underscore the importance of addressing stigma, promoting patient-centered care, and fostering inclusivity within mental health discourse and policy.","PeriodicalId":12791,"journal":{"name":"GSC Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0056
Yuliana Nur Kolifah, Yeni Tutu Rohimah, Martono Martono
Introduction: HIV/AIDS has been acknowledged as an endemic and deadly disease which can spread rapidly. This study proposes to reveal the effect and effectiveness level of e-health literacy on the HIV/AIDS transmission preventive behavior of teen punks. Methods: This study employed a quantitative experimental design that falls under action research. It carried out an accidental sampling approach and was conducted with 82 participants who had signed an informed consent form. Data were collected using a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. The selected statistical analyses were Paired Sample T-Test and N-Gain score. Both were to determine the effectiveness level with a significance of 95%. Results: This study shows that 80.5% of the participants were male, with an average age of 25.95±6.442. Furthermore, 65.9% were unmarried, and 62.2% had completed high school education. Additionally, gender, age, marital status, and education were found to have no significant influence on preventive behavior. However, support for e-health literacy significantly impacts preventive behavior (p=0.00), with a mean difference of 13.38. Support for e-health literacy effectively reinforces preventive behavior in the context of HIV/AIDS transmission (n-gain score=59.4%). Conclusion: Support for e-health literacy effectively reinforces preventive behavior in the context of HIV/AIDS transmission of punk teenagers.
导言:艾滋病毒/艾滋病已被公认为是一种可迅速传播的地方性致命疾病。本研究拟揭示电子健康知识对青少年小混混预防艾滋病传播行为的影响和有效性水平。研究方法本研究采用定量实验设计,属于行动研究范畴。研究采用意外抽样法,82 名参与者签署了知情同意书。采用 5 点李克特量表问卷收集数据。选定的统计分析方法是配对样本 T 检验和 N 增益得分。两者都是为了确定有效性水平,显著性均为 95%。结果研究表明,80.5% 的参与者为男性,平均年龄为(25.95±6.442)岁。此外,65.9%的人未婚,62.2%的人完成了高中教育。此外,性别、年龄、婚姻状况和教育程度对预防行为没有显著影响。但是,对电子健康知识的支持对预防行为有明显影响(P=0.00),平均差异为 13.38。在艾滋病毒/艾滋病传播的背景下,对电子健康知识的支持有效地加强了预防行为(n-gain score=59.4%)。结论对电子健康知识的支持能有效加强朋克青少年在艾滋病传播背景下的预防行为。
{"title":"Effect of e-health literacy support on the HIV/AIDS transmission preventive behavior of punk teenagers in Indonesia","authors":"Yuliana Nur Kolifah, Yeni Tutu Rohimah, Martono Martono","doi":"10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0056","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: HIV/AIDS has been acknowledged as an endemic and deadly disease which can spread rapidly. This study proposes to reveal the effect and effectiveness level of e-health literacy on the HIV/AIDS transmission preventive behavior of teen punks. Methods: This study employed a quantitative experimental design that falls under action research. It carried out an accidental sampling approach and was conducted with 82 participants who had signed an informed consent form. Data were collected using a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. The selected statistical analyses were Paired Sample T-Test and N-Gain score. Both were to determine the effectiveness level with a significance of 95%. Results: This study shows that 80.5% of the participants were male, with an average age of 25.95±6.442. Furthermore, 65.9% were unmarried, and 62.2% had completed high school education. Additionally, gender, age, marital status, and education were found to have no significant influence on preventive behavior. However, support for e-health literacy significantly impacts preventive behavior (p=0.00), with a mean difference of 13.38. Support for e-health literacy effectively reinforces preventive behavior in the context of HIV/AIDS transmission (n-gain score=59.4%). Conclusion: Support for e-health literacy effectively reinforces preventive behavior in the context of HIV/AIDS transmission of punk teenagers.","PeriodicalId":12791,"journal":{"name":"GSC Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":"29 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0033
Gilbert Omedi, Irene Mutavi, Joyce Obuoyo
Background: Infant mortality, measured as the summation of neonatal and post-neonatal mortalities, remain unacceptably high in Kakamega Central Sub-County, Kakamega County, Kenya. Reducing infant mortality is paramount not only in assessing the progress made towards the third sustainable development goal but also in creating a conducive environment for fertility reduction and in giving a chance to new-born babies to live out their social and economic potential in their families and societies at large. Objective: This study sought to establish the influence of socioeconomic and demographic factors on rural – urban disparities in infant mortality in Kakamega Central Sub - County, Kakamega County, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was used. Systematic random sampling was employed to obtain a sample of 422 mothers within the reproductive age range of 15 to 49 years. Purposive sampling was used to arrive at key informants that were engaged in the study. Primary data were collected from December 2022 to January 2023 by administering pretested and validated questionnaires and interviewing key informants. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted on the Statistical Package for Social Sciences computer software to estimate the prevalence of infant mortality and the odds ratio used as a measure of association at ρ<0.05. Results: Results of multivariate analysis indicated that there were higher likelihoods of rural neonatal (aOR = 1.913) and urban post-neonatal (aOR = 3.823) mortalities amongst mothers with no education qualifications. There were reduced likelihoods of rural post-neonatal (aOR = 0.105) and urban neonatal (aOR = 0.108) mortalities amongst mothers working in the professional, technical, managerial and clerical sectors. Both young (aOR = 1.579 for neonatal mortality) and old (aOR = 2.742 for infant mortality) ages at motherhood, and first births (aOR = 3.492 for infant mortality) and births of high orders (1.881 for neonatal mortality) were associated with increased likelihoods of mortalities in urban and rural areas, respectively. Urban mothers who observed a ≤ 24 months wait period prior to an index birth were more likely to report both post-neonatal (aOR = 3.294) and infant (aOR = 3.616) mortalities. Conclusions: The major contributors to the rural - urban disparities in infant mortality in Kakamega Central Sub-County were order of the index birth, which was significant only in rural areas, and wait period prior to the index birth, which was significant only in urban areas, after controlling for the confounding variables. It is important to advocate for childbearing during the middle reproductive ages and widen the wait period between successive births so as to improve the maturity of the mother and reduce parity, both of which correlate with low infant mortality. Future studies should be done on the relationship between marital status of the mother and infant mortality.
{"title":"The influence of socioeconomic and demographic factors on rural-urban disparities in infant mortality in Kakamega Central Sub-County, Kakamega County, Kenya","authors":"Gilbert Omedi, Irene Mutavi, Joyce Obuoyo","doi":"10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0033","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infant mortality, measured as the summation of neonatal and post-neonatal mortalities, remain unacceptably high in Kakamega Central Sub-County, Kakamega County, Kenya. Reducing infant mortality is paramount not only in assessing the progress made towards the third sustainable development goal but also in creating a conducive environment for fertility reduction and in giving a chance to new-born babies to live out their social and economic potential in their families and societies at large. Objective: This study sought to establish the influence of socioeconomic and demographic factors on rural – urban disparities in infant mortality in Kakamega Central Sub - County, Kakamega County, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was used. Systematic random sampling was employed to obtain a sample of 422 mothers within the reproductive age range of 15 to 49 years. Purposive sampling was used to arrive at key informants that were engaged in the study. Primary data were collected from December 2022 to January 2023 by administering pretested and validated questionnaires and interviewing key informants. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted on the Statistical Package for Social Sciences computer software to estimate the prevalence of infant mortality and the odds ratio used as a measure of association at ρ<0.05. Results: Results of multivariate analysis indicated that there were higher likelihoods of rural neonatal (aOR = 1.913) and urban post-neonatal (aOR = 3.823) mortalities amongst mothers with no education qualifications. There were reduced likelihoods of rural post-neonatal (aOR = 0.105) and urban neonatal (aOR = 0.108) mortalities amongst mothers working in the professional, technical, managerial and clerical sectors. Both young (aOR = 1.579 for neonatal mortality) and old (aOR = 2.742 for infant mortality) ages at motherhood, and first births (aOR = 3.492 for infant mortality) and births of high orders (1.881 for neonatal mortality) were associated with increased likelihoods of mortalities in urban and rural areas, respectively. Urban mothers who observed a ≤ 24 months wait period prior to an index birth were more likely to report both post-neonatal (aOR = 3.294) and infant (aOR = 3.616) mortalities. Conclusions: The major contributors to the rural - urban disparities in infant mortality in Kakamega Central Sub-County were order of the index birth, which was significant only in rural areas, and wait period prior to the index birth, which was significant only in urban areas, after controlling for the confounding variables. It is important to advocate for childbearing during the middle reproductive ages and widen the wait period between successive births so as to improve the maturity of the mother and reduce parity, both of which correlate with low infant mortality. Future studies should be done on the relationship between marital status of the mother and infant mortality.","PeriodicalId":12791,"journal":{"name":"GSC Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140421745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, the proliferation of big data and analytics technologies has revolutionized various sectors, including public health. This review presents a comprehensive review of how leveraging big data and analytics has enhanced public health decision-making on a global scale. The review encompasses diverse applications, methodologies, challenges, and opportunities within this burgeoning field. Big data analytics in public health encompasses the collection, processing, and analysis of vast datasets from heterogeneous sources, including electronic health records, social media, wearable devices, and environmental sensors. These data sources offer valuable insights into disease patterns, risk factors, healthcare utilization, and population health trends. By applying advanced analytical techniques such as machine learning, predictive modeling, and data visualization, public health officials can extract actionable intelligence to inform decision-making processes. Several case studies highlight the efficacy of big data analytics in various public health domains. For instance, predictive modeling techniques have been utilized to forecast disease outbreaks, enabling timely resource allocation and intervention planning. Social media mining has facilitated real-time surveillance of public sentiment and health-related behaviors, aiding in targeted health promotion campaigns. Additionally, electronic health record analysis has facilitated personalized medicine initiatives and improved patient outcomes. Despite the significant potential of big data analytics in public health, several challenges exist. These include data privacy concerns, data quality issues, interoperability barriers, and the digital divide. Furthermore, ethical considerations regarding consent, transparency, and equity must be carefully addressed to mitigate potential biases and ensure responsible data usage. Looking ahead, the future of leveraging big data and analytics for public health decision-making appears promising. Advancements in data integration, interoperability standards, and artificial intelligence hold immense potential for improving the accuracy, timeliness, and relevance of public health interventions. Collaborative efforts between governments, academia, industry, and civil society are essential to harness the full potential of big data analytics in safeguarding population health and promoting well-being on a global scale.
{"title":"Leveraging big data and analytics for enhanced public health decision-making: A global review","authors":"Adekunle Oyeyemi Adenyi, Chioma Anthonia Okolo, Tolulope Olorunsogo, Oloruntoba Babawarun","doi":"10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0078","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the proliferation of big data and analytics technologies has revolutionized various sectors, including public health. This review presents a comprehensive review of how leveraging big data and analytics has enhanced public health decision-making on a global scale. The review encompasses diverse applications, methodologies, challenges, and opportunities within this burgeoning field. Big data analytics in public health encompasses the collection, processing, and analysis of vast datasets from heterogeneous sources, including electronic health records, social media, wearable devices, and environmental sensors. These data sources offer valuable insights into disease patterns, risk factors, healthcare utilization, and population health trends. By applying advanced analytical techniques such as machine learning, predictive modeling, and data visualization, public health officials can extract actionable intelligence to inform decision-making processes. Several case studies highlight the efficacy of big data analytics in various public health domains. For instance, predictive modeling techniques have been utilized to forecast disease outbreaks, enabling timely resource allocation and intervention planning. Social media mining has facilitated real-time surveillance of public sentiment and health-related behaviors, aiding in targeted health promotion campaigns. Additionally, electronic health record analysis has facilitated personalized medicine initiatives and improved patient outcomes. Despite the significant potential of big data analytics in public health, several challenges exist. These include data privacy concerns, data quality issues, interoperability barriers, and the digital divide. Furthermore, ethical considerations regarding consent, transparency, and equity must be carefully addressed to mitigate potential biases and ensure responsible data usage. Looking ahead, the future of leveraging big data and analytics for public health decision-making appears promising. Advancements in data integration, interoperability standards, and artificial intelligence hold immense potential for improving the accuracy, timeliness, and relevance of public health interventions. Collaborative efforts between governments, academia, industry, and civil society are essential to harness the full potential of big data analytics in safeguarding population health and promoting well-being on a global scale.","PeriodicalId":12791,"journal":{"name":"GSC Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":"114 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140422588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reports of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection are increasing probably because of misdiagnosis and incorrect reporting of NTM in the State leading to inappropriate treatment regimens and deaths as a result of NTM infection than MTBC and has become detrimental especially among immune-compromised individuals. Thus, this study is designed to determine the Prevalence of NTM among Mycobacterium tuberculosis patients attending Tuberculosis Referral Centers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A total of 1380 early morning sputum samples were collected and incubated for the detection of mycobacterial growth, those that were positive for Acid-fast bacilli were further tested (SD Bioline) to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC). Growths that were not MTBC but were Acid-Fast Bacilli positive were suggestive of NTM. Of 1380 sputum collected, the overall prevalence of NTM and MTBC were 8.8% and 20.5% respectively in which males had higher prevalence of 9.0% and 20.9% for NTM and MTBC respectively. Patients with No-formal Education showed highest prevalence of 17.6% and 31.3% for NTM and MTBC respectively. In relation to occupation, farmers had higher prevalence of 13.1% and 29.6% for NTM and MTBC respectively. The prevalence of NTM and MTBC was highest among smokers (9,7% and 24.6%) respectively while participants with HIV had higher prevalence of NTM and MTBC than those that were non-reactive (P2=<0.05 and P1=>0.05). Seasonal infections of NTM and MTBC in the State was low during the raining season and higher during the dry season. Strengthening and expansion of clinical and laboratory services to diagnose and manage diseases caused by NTM with MTBC was highly recommended.
{"title":"Nontuberculous mycobacteria infection among Mycobacterium tuberculosis patients attending tuberculosis referral centers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria","authors":"Ishaleku David, Akyala, Ishaku Adamu, Okoedoh Osazuwa, Rabo Maikeffi","doi":"10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0018","url":null,"abstract":"Reports of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection are increasing probably because of misdiagnosis and incorrect reporting of NTM in the State leading to inappropriate treatment regimens and deaths as a result of NTM infection than MTBC and has become detrimental especially among immune-compromised individuals. Thus, this study is designed to determine the Prevalence of NTM among Mycobacterium tuberculosis patients attending Tuberculosis Referral Centers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A total of 1380 early morning sputum samples were collected and incubated for the detection of mycobacterial growth, those that were positive for Acid-fast bacilli were further tested (SD Bioline) to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC). Growths that were not MTBC but were Acid-Fast Bacilli positive were suggestive of NTM. Of 1380 sputum collected, the overall prevalence of NTM and MTBC were 8.8% and 20.5% respectively in which males had higher prevalence of 9.0% and 20.9% for NTM and MTBC respectively. Patients with No-formal Education showed highest prevalence of 17.6% and 31.3% for NTM and MTBC respectively. In relation to occupation, farmers had higher prevalence of 13.1% and 29.6% for NTM and MTBC respectively. The prevalence of NTM and MTBC was highest among smokers (9,7% and 24.6%) respectively while participants with HIV had higher prevalence of NTM and MTBC than those that were non-reactive (P2=<0.05 and P1=>0.05). Seasonal infections of NTM and MTBC in the State was low during the raining season and higher during the dry season. Strengthening and expansion of clinical and laboratory services to diagnose and manage diseases caused by NTM with MTBC was highly recommended.","PeriodicalId":12791,"journal":{"name":"GSC Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":"134 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140423385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0031
Dibyendu B Samanta, Sandeep Kumar
Background: Obesity is a major health issue in modern society. Regular physical exercise and healthy habits are some of the ways to get rid of it. In this study, researchers applied yoga and core exercises to overweight college females to find their effect on cardiorespiratory endurance. Objectives: To find out the effect of yoga and core exercise training on the cardiorespiratory fitness of overweight college females and to compare the effect of yoga and core exercise training on the cardiorespiratory fitness of overweight college females. Methodology: Through the purposive sampling method 30 overweight college females were selected and they were randomly divided into two groups the yoga group and the core exercise group. Both exercises were conducted three days per week for periods of 16 weeks, each exercise session was 40 minutes in duration. Cooper's 12 minute run/walk test was used to measure cardiorespiratory fitness. The t test was conducted to analyze the data, and the level of significance was set at p<0.05. Result: It was observed that after yoga practice cardiorespiratory fitness measurements improved from 1396 ± 76.12 meters to 1476 ± 67.46 meters. After core exercise training, it improved from 1399.62 ± 82.83 meters to 1480.66 ± 135.72 meters. The statistical analysis has shown yoga and core exercise significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness (p<0.05). When the effects of yoga and core exercise training were compared, it was shown that both had similar effects. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that both yoga practice and core exercise significantly improved the cardiorespiratory fitness of overweight college females, and both yoga practice and core exercise had a similar effect on cardiorespiratory fitness among the subjects.
{"title":"Influence of yoga practices and core exercises training on cardiorespiratory fitness of college females","authors":"Dibyendu B Samanta, Sandeep Kumar","doi":"10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0031","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obesity is a major health issue in modern society. Regular physical exercise and healthy habits are some of the ways to get rid of it. In this study, researchers applied yoga and core exercises to overweight college females to find their effect on cardiorespiratory endurance. Objectives: To find out the effect of yoga and core exercise training on the cardiorespiratory fitness of overweight college females and to compare the effect of yoga and core exercise training on the cardiorespiratory fitness of overweight college females. Methodology: Through the purposive sampling method 30 overweight college females were selected and they were randomly divided into two groups the yoga group and the core exercise group. Both exercises were conducted three days per week for periods of 16 weeks, each exercise session was 40 minutes in duration. Cooper's 12 minute run/walk test was used to measure cardiorespiratory fitness. The t test was conducted to analyze the data, and the level of significance was set at p<0.05. Result: It was observed that after yoga practice cardiorespiratory fitness measurements improved from 1396 ± 76.12 meters to 1476 ± 67.46 meters. After core exercise training, it improved from 1399.62 ± 82.83 meters to 1480.66 ± 135.72 meters. The statistical analysis has shown yoga and core exercise significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness (p<0.05). When the effects of yoga and core exercise training were compared, it was shown that both had similar effects. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that both yoga practice and core exercise significantly improved the cardiorespiratory fitness of overweight college females, and both yoga practice and core exercise had a similar effect on cardiorespiratory fitness among the subjects.","PeriodicalId":12791,"journal":{"name":"GSC Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140419780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0052
Disha A Deulkar, Jitendra A Kubde, Pooja R Hatwar, Ravindrakumar L Bakal
Drugs that are applied topically are delivered using transdermal drug delivery devices. These are pharmaceutical preparations of varying sizes, containing one or more active ingredients, intended to be applied to the unbroken skin in order to deliver the active ingredient after passing through the skin barriers, and these avoid first pass metabolism. Today about 74% of drugs are taken orally and are not found effective as desired. To improve efficacy transdermal drug delivery system was emerged. A notable advantage of transdermal drug delivery compared to other methods like oral, topical, intravenous (IV), and intramuscular (IM) administration is its controlled release of medication into the patient's system. This controlled release is achieved either by using a porous membrane enclosing a medication reservoir or by utilizing the patient's body heat to melt thin layers of medication embedded in the adhesive. Despite its benefits, transdermal drug delivery has certain limitations due to the skin's effective barrier function. Only molecules with small sizes can efficiently permeate the skin and consequently be delivered through this method.
{"title":"A review on transdermal drug delivery system","authors":"Disha A Deulkar, Jitendra A Kubde, Pooja R Hatwar, Ravindrakumar L Bakal","doi":"10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0052","url":null,"abstract":"Drugs that are applied topically are delivered using transdermal drug delivery devices. These are pharmaceutical preparations of varying sizes, containing one or more active ingredients, intended to be applied to the unbroken skin in order to deliver the active ingredient after passing through the skin barriers, and these avoid first pass metabolism. Today about 74% of drugs are taken orally and are not found effective as desired. To improve efficacy transdermal drug delivery system was emerged. A notable advantage of transdermal drug delivery compared to other methods like oral, topical, intravenous (IV), and intramuscular (IM) administration is its controlled release of medication into the patient's system. This controlled release is achieved either by using a porous membrane enclosing a medication reservoir or by utilizing the patient's body heat to melt thin layers of medication embedded in the adhesive. Despite its benefits, transdermal drug delivery has certain limitations due to the skin's effective barrier function. Only molecules with small sizes can efficiently permeate the skin and consequently be delivered through this method.","PeriodicalId":12791,"journal":{"name":"GSC Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}