Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology最新文献

The environmental and economic performance of a post-combustion solvent-based carbon capture system (CCS) combined with a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system is investigated on a 48,600 kW engine container ship to meet the International Maritime Organization's emission reduction strategies through 2050. The proposed system uses aqueous ammonia to mitigate the produced CO₂ and NO_X emissions onboard a ship. Moreover, the combined system is investigated through a voyage-based case study using an engine room simulator, assuming that CCS and SCR are implemented on the reference ship. During the case study, the referenced container ship sailed from Rotterdam to New York, and the estimations were made by using Netpas Distance 4.0 software program. Results indicate that a total of 3,606.04 ton-CO₂ and 92.40 ton-NO_X are produced, while 3,345.43 ton-CO₂ and 40.67 ton-NO_X are captured during the voyage. Furthermore, an economic analysis is carried out after the case study. Findings of the economic analysis are: CAPEX of CCS is $32.07 MM and SCR is $2.19 MM, while OPEX of CCS and SCR are $188,873 and $103,681, respectively. In addition, it was calculated that implementing CCS could avoid the CO₂ tax cost of $19,472, while the economic value of the CO₂ captured was $113,590. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The cover image is based on the Modeling and Analysis Mechanistic analysis of acid gas storage and oil recovery in naturally fractured reservoirs using single matrix block approach by Goran Shirzad et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ghg.2276.

Pipelines stand as the most cost-effective method for large-scale transportation of CO₂ from a source point to the storage site, especially over extensive distances. The potential for crack propagation following a pipeline rupture highlights the need for precise analysis of decompression wave propagation. To accurately model this, understanding the decompression wave's propagation laws becomes imperative. Although previous studies have predominantly focused on pipeline leaks within the dense phase or supercritical state, the transition from liquid to gas during leakage significantly affects the decompression wave propagation. When a gaseous CO₂ pipeline ruptures, the high Joule-–Thomson coefficient causes a swift temperature plunge, potentially leading to a gas–liquid transition. However, research on how this phase transition impacts the decompression wave characteristics is limited. To address this gap, this study proposes a transition computational fluid dynamics model to predict the decompression wave behavior. The model is validated with an industrial-scale full-bore rupture experiment. The results reveal that the gaseous CO₂ leakage induces a pressure plateau at a certain distance from the leakage due to the gas-liquid phase transition. The influences of initial conditions on this pressure plateau and decompression wave are also explored. This study provides valuable insights into understanding the decompression wave behaviors of gaseous CO₂ pipelines, which are essential for ensuring the safety and reliability of CO₂ transportation within the carbon capture and storage technology chain. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

We reported new in-situ ternary nano/microcomposite layered double hydroxides/Ag₂O/bayerite in trimetallic NiAg/Al layered double hydroxides (LDH) via hydrothermal technique; and characterization by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and N₂ adsorption-desorption. The formation of bayerite and silver oxide species on the LDH nanosheet depended on the excess of Al³⁺ and Ag⁺ in the solution under alkaline and hydrothermal conditions. The nitrogen isotherm adsorption profile for all ternary composites exhibited uniformity with mesoporous and lamellar characteristics. The surface area of all the composites ranged from 81.17 to 150.23 m². g⁻¹, the Barret-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) pore volume from 0.22 to 0.27 cm³. g^−1, and the average pore diameter ranged from 3.47 to 5.78 nm. All composites show a laminar plate-like structure covered with elongated pieces. The particle size of the composites ranged from 54.86 to 115.96 nm, indicating the size changed from nano to microcomposite because of the different molar ratios of Ag and Ni in the solid. The ternary composite reveals CO₂ capture activity with adsorption capacity ranging from 13.93 to 19.61 mmol g⁻¹. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Hydrogen (H₂) fuel is assessed to be a major component of sustainable energy systems in the net-zero world. However, hydrogen storage is challenging and requires safe and environmentally friendly solutions like H₂ geo-sequestration. This study evaluates the effects of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) on H₂ geological storage potential in the basalt rock. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) findings show the presence of significant components, that is, O-Si-O and organic functional groups, that is, aromatics, amine salts, alkane, and cyclohexane in the basalt rock immersed in the nutrient solution without SRB. However, we found that C-H stretching modes of organics with peaks at 1,465 cm⁻¹ were observed. Consequently, amine salt (N-H) (850–750 cm⁻¹), solvent impurities (C-H), and alkane spectrums are components of nutrient solutions and can be results of metabolic microbial activity that can influence on the surface of the basalt rock. Hence, these changes indicate the presence of microbial activity which might affect the surface chemistry of the rock leading to wettability alteration. We observed that the contact angle (θ) of brine-H₂ on the rock surface slightly changed from 500 to 4,000 psi pressure after the effect of bacteria at 50 °C. The wettability changed the surface of the rock from strong water-wet to weak or intermediate water-wet condition (i.e., θ < 75°) at 4,000 psi and temperatures 25 and 50 °C after the bacteria effect. The affiliation of brine water reduces on the rock surface with increasing temperatures and pressures, even without microbial influence. Additionally, we investigated interfacial tension and capillary pressure on SRB bacteria treated basalt which is not yet reported in the published work. Interfacial tension (IFT) and P_c of H₂ were reduced by 19% and 65%, respectively at 50 °C and 4,000 psi after the bacteria effect. Hence, the above findings could help to answer the key factors of the reservoir rock including wettability, capillary pressure, and interfacial tension to plan a field-scale H₂ geo-sequestration strategy under the influence of biotic life. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Modeling of CO₂ removal in a rotating packed bed using a mixed amine solution of piperazine and methyldiethanolamine with various molar concentration ratios was done with Aspen Plus^® and dynamically linked with Intel^® Visual Fortran. In addition to the mass and energy balances, all the necessary correlations for the rotating packed bed were written in Intel^® Visual Fortran. The developed model was validated, and the result showed good agreement with a percentage error of less than 10%. The model was scaled-up to absorb CO₂ from the flue gas composition of a typical 6.4 MWe biomass power plant with the goal of producing net negative CO₂ emissions. The effect of process parameters such as temperature, rotation speed, liquid-gas ratio, methyl diethanolamine concentration, and piperazine concentration on capture efficiency and regeneration energy was investigated. It was discovered that increasing the rotational speed results in an improvement in the separation efficiency. Increasing the temperature of the lean solvent causes a decrease in separation efficiency, which is due to a decrease in solubility as the temperature increases. Increasing the liquid-to-gas ratio leads to an increase in CO₂ absorption efficiency because more hydroxide ions are present to react with the CO₂. Piperazine is a reactive compound and increasing its concentration in the mixed solvent leads to an increase in CO₂ absorption efficiency. Finally, the results of the study demonstrated that a solvent mixture consisting of piperazine and methyldiethanolamine has the potential to be utilized in post-combustion CO₂ capture using rotating packed bed technology. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The far-reaching impacts of climate change have further strengthened the determination of governments around the world to pursue low-carbon development, and low-carbon efficiency in less developed regions has become a “shortcoming” in realizing low-carbon aspirations. We analyze the carbon emission efficiency (CEE) and its temporal evolution in less-developed regions in developing countries, such as Western China. The differentiation of Western China was evaluated in terms of spatial and influencing factors through the Theil index and the logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI), and the innovative use of GDP gold content (GDP_gc) to represent the absolute economic level in the Theil index. Considering the net carbon emissions (NCE) are undesirable outputs, the GDP_gc is taken as the desired output. The Un-Super-SBM-CRS method obtained the net carbon emission efficiency (NCEE) values. The results show that: (1) Western regions’ NCE differences can be categorized as high per capita NCE areas (more than 25 tons), medium per capita NCE areas (10–25 tons), and low per capita NCE areas (0–10 tons). (2) The per capita-based T (Theil index) and the GDP_gc are comparable and “intra-group convergence and inter-group differentiation” can be used to describe intra-regional and inter-regional NCE differences. (3) Both the level of the economy and the level of urban development are drivers of the 11 domains, and the level of the economy is driven more than the level of urban development overall. There are significant regional differences in other factors. (4) The NCEs and their evolutionary trends in each region can be divided into single-variable and fluctuating-variable. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

In the context of global climate change, carbon capture and storage (CCS) has become a direct and effective measure for reducing greenhouse gases emission. However, injecting CO₂ into the subsurface reservoirs may pose risks related to geological hazards. Therefore, monitoring the variations in underground temperature fields, strain fields, and vibration fields induced by CO₂ injection is essential for predicting and controlling geological hazards. Distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) technology, with its unique features, enables real-time monitoring of temperature, strain, and vibration. By deploying fiber optic (FO) cables inside wellbores, a DFOS can be used to effectively capture multiple underground response parameters. This paper reviews the applications of DFOS technology in CO₂ geological sequestration. The chapter covers aspects such as the literature review, principles and applications of fiber optics, and representative monitoring projects. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges and proposed solutions for DFOS technology in this context. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The objective of this study is to assess the storage of acid gas, containing CO₂ and H₂S, in a depleted naturally fractured reservoir (NFR) using single matrix block (SMB) approach. The acid gas dissolution in oil is considered by Peng-Robinson equation of state and compositional simulation. The PHREEQC package is used to determine acid gas solubility in formation brine. Three types of acid gases with different compositions are used for this study and their swelling behavior and miscibility in relation to the reservoir oil are analyzed. An SMB model, with a matrix block surrounded by fractures, is constructed, and validated for simulation of a real experiment. The simulation is conducted for synthetic and real reservoir fluids when the oil is in its residual saturation. A sensitivity analysis is performed to study the effects of key parameters, such as acid gas composition, reservoir pressure, permeability, porosity and matrix height on the storage capacity and oil recovery factor. The matrix has a volume of 27 m³ and about half of acid gas storage is achieved in the first 5 years while the simulations are run for 30 years. The results show that up to 90% of remained oil is recoverable, and more than 0.67 kmol of acid gas per cubic meter of matrix is stored whether matrix contains a real oil or a synthetic one. Higher storage is achieved for higher matrix porosities and heights and large H₂S proportion in acid gas. In all cases about 10% of acid gas is trapped in water and the remaining 90% is dissolved in oil. The mineral trapping was more active in CO₂-rich acid gases. While about 10 kg of the matrix rock was dissolved in the acidic brine when the acid gas contained H₂S, the amount of the dissolved minerals in acidic brine resulted from the injection of CO₂-rich acid gas was more than 16 kg. Finally, this study gives a comparative analysis of the storage performance of acid gas mixture and pure CO₂. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.