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Mapping existing wellbore locations to compare technical risks between onshore and offshore CCS activities in Texas 绘制现有井筒位置,以比较德克萨斯州陆上和海上CCS活动之间的技术风险
IF 2.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.1002/ghg.2220
Tip A. Meckel, Ramón H. Treviño, Susan D. Hovorka, Alex P. Bump

Carbon dioxide capture and geologic storage (CCS; geologic sequestration) is a promising technology for reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere from industrial point sources. Aspects of CCS have been investigated for over two decades, and many large- and small-scale geologic storage field demonstration projects are now underway globally. Interest in offshore CCS has been increasing in recent years (e.g., European Union, Australia, Japan, and the United States). Deep geologic storage in offshore settings is analogous to onshore CCS activities in many respects (i.e., geologic and geotechnical aspects), but is distinct from previously explored seabed sediment CO2 storage) or deep marine dissolution). Given the large subsurface geologic storage volumes available in offshore settings, much discussion of offshore CCS is focused on the benefits and risks of such activity compared to onshore settings. Similar to onshore settings, existing (legacy) wells likely present the most direct migration pathway and largest risk of noncontainment in offshore settings. As part of current studies to evaluate geologic storage options in offshore settings along the Texas coast and greater Gulf of Mexico (GoM), mapping of the geographic distribution and ages of wells in a region containing coastal counties and extending 30 miles offshore Texas indicates that both well spatial density and well age decrease moving from onshore to offshore. Results suggest reduced risk of leakage owing to more rigorous and documented well completion and abandonment practices for these generally younger wells (although many are decades old). A result of decreased well density is that larger areas are available for leasing for CCS projects that avoid legacy wells altogether (> 1 mile from any existing well). The one-mile designation is used as an arbitrary convention, and while it is recognized that this is smaller than a typical area of review (AoR) for permitting, each site will have a different AoR radius for consideration. The combination of large subsurface storage volumes under control of a single landowner and reduced risks from legacy wells makes offshore CCS attractive in the GoM. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

二氧化碳捕获和地质封存(CCS);地质封存是一种很有前途的技术,可以减少工业点源向大气排放的人为温室气体。CCS的各个方面已经研究了20多年,许多大型和小型的地质储存现场示范项目正在全球范围内进行。近年来,对海上CCS的兴趣一直在增加(例如,欧盟、澳大利亚、日本和美国)。海上环境中的深层地质储存在许多方面类似于陆上CCS活动(即地质和岩土工程方面),但不同于以前探索的海底沉积物(二氧化碳储存)或深海海洋溶解。鉴于海上环境中有大量的地下地质储存量,与陆上环境相比,关于海上CCS的讨论主要集中在此类活动的收益和风险上。与陆地环境类似,现有(遗留)井在海上环境中可能存在最直接的运移路径和最大的非密封风险。作为目前评估德克萨斯州海岸和墨西哥湾(GoM)海上环境地质储存选择的研究的一部分,对德克萨斯州沿海县和离岸30英里的区域的地理分布和井龄进行了测绘,结果表明,从陆上到海上,井的空间密度和井龄都在下降。结果表明,由于对这些通常较年轻的井(尽管许多井已有几十年的历史)进行了更严格的完井和弃井作业,因此降低了泄漏风险。井密度降低的结果是,CCS项目可以租赁更大的区域,从而完全避免了旧井。距离任何现有油井1英里)。一英里的指定是一种随意的惯例,虽然人们认识到这比典型的审查区域(AoR)要小,但每个站点都有不同的AoR半径供考虑。一个土地所有者可以控制大量的地下储存量,并且降低了传统油井的风险,这使得海上CCS在墨西哥湾具有吸引力。©2023化学工业协会和John Wiley &儿子,有限公司
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引用次数: 0
Optimum chain desalination process design for treatment of high TDS brine: A case assessment for future treatment of extracted brine from Shenhua CO2 storage site 处理高TDS卤水的链式脱盐工艺优化设计——以神华CO2储存场提取卤水未来处理为例
IF 2.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1002/ghg.2217
Hesam Bazargan Harandi, Liwei Zhang, Ali Kargari, Pang-Chieh Sui, Yan Wang, Meiheriayi Mutailipu, Hao Lu, Qi Li

Carbon dioxide-enhanced water recovery (CO2-EWR) is a promising strategy for managing reservoir pressure build-up and mitigating the risk of fault activation resulting from CO2 injection in deep saline aquifers. CO2-EWR can also be employed for supplying the required water for different applications after a treatment stage for the produced saline water. In this study, a brief review on CO2-EWR technology and its necessities are first carried out. After that, the feasibilities, advantages, and challenges of various available treatment technologies that can potentially be used to treat high total dissolved solids (TDS) brine are comprehensively assessed. Based on comprehensive evaluation on technologies, a chain desalination process, consisting of pretreatment, main treatment, and post treatment, is proposed as a strategic path for the treatment of high TDS brine extracted from the Shenhua CCS site. It is concluded that coagulation-flocculation and gravity filtration are needed as primary stages to remove suspended particles, while membrane distillation (MD) is selected as a suitable main treatment technology for high TDS Shenhua brine. Then, MD treatment is comprehensively discussed for a small-scale treatment of extracted Shenhua brine assuming that the pretreated brine is free of suspended solids. After presenting the heat and mass transfer equations for direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD), a mathematical thermodynamic model is programmed in EES (Engineering Equation Solver) software to briefly analyze the performance parameters of DCMD. The results indicate that the designed DCMD, in the absence of auxiliary systems and considering the inherent temperature of extracted brine from different formations, has the capability of producing 15.1 kg m−2hr of freshwater from the extracted brine of the Shihezi formation layer. In the case of employing the auxiliary system of flat-plate collector (FPC) combined with heat exchanger (HX) to heat up the extracted Shenhua brine to the desired temperature of 80°C, the amounts of produced flux are enhanced by 133%, 72%, and 45% for the brine extracted from Liujiagou, Shiqianfeng, and Shihezi formations, respectively. Using the yearly solar radiation model in TRNSYS software, the maximum solar radiation on the tilted surface at the location of Shenhua project in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China reaches 3800 kJ m−2hr at 1 PM on April 1. Considering maximum solar radiation on the tilted surface, it is proved that a small-surface FPC can supply the required energy to heat up the extracted brine from its inherent temperature to the desired temperature of 80°C. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

二氧化碳增水采收率(CO2- ewr)是一种很有前途的策略,可以控制储层压力积聚,降低深层盐水含水层中二氧化碳注入导致断层活化的风险。CO2-EWR也可用于在对产出的咸水进行处理阶段后为不同应用提供所需的水。本文首先对CO2-EWR技术及其必要性进行了简要的综述。在此基础上,对各种可用于处理高总溶解固体(TDS)盐水的现有处理技术的可行性、优势和挑战进行了综合评估。在技术综合评价的基础上,提出了由预处理、主处理、后处理组成的链式海水淡化工艺,作为处理神华CCS场址高TDS盐水的战略路径。结果表明,混凝-絮凝和重力过滤是去除悬浮颗粒的初级阶段,膜蒸馏是处理高TDS神华盐水的主要工艺。然后,在预处理盐水不含悬浮物的前提下,对神华萃取盐水的小规模处理进行了MD处理。在建立了直接接触膜蒸馏(DCMD)的传热传质方程的基础上,利用工程方程求解器(EES)编制了数学热力学模型,对DCMD的性能参数进行了简要分析。结果表明,在没有辅助系统的情况下,考虑不同地层抽提盐水固有温度,所设计的DCMD能够从石河子地层抽提盐水中生产15.1 kg m−2hr的淡水。采用平板集热器(FPC)联合换热器(HX)辅助系统将抽取的神华卤水加热至所需温度80℃时,刘家沟、石千峰、石河子三层抽取的卤水分别提高了133%、72%和45%的产通量。利用TRNSYS软件的年太阳辐射模式,在4月1日下午1时,中国内蒙古神华工程所在倾斜地表的最大太阳辐射达到3800 kJ m−2hr。考虑倾斜表面的最大太阳辐射,证明了小表面FPC可以提供所需的能量,将提取的盐水从其固有温度加热到所需的80℃温度。©2023化学工业协会和John Wiley &儿子,有限公司
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引用次数: 0
An improved method for feeding ash model compounds to a bubbling fluidized bed – CLC experiments with ilmenite, methane, and K2CO3 向鼓泡流化床进料灰分模型化合物的改进方法——钛铁矿、甲烷和k2co3的CLC实验
IF 2.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-04-23 DOI: 10.1002/ghg.2218
Felicia Störner, Pavleta Knutsson, Henrik Leion, Tobias Mattisson, Magnus Rydén

Biomass conversion with carbon capture and storage (Bio-Energy CCS; BECCS) is one of the options considered for mitigating climate change. In this paper, the carbon capture technology chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is examined in which the CO2 is produced in a stream separate from the combustion air. A central research topic for CLC is oxygen carriers; solid metal oxides that provide oxygen for the conversion process. Biomass and waste-derived fuels contain reactive ash compounds, such as potassium, and interactions between the oxygen carrier and the ash species are critical for the lifetime and performance of the oxygen carrier. This work develops and demonstrates an improved method for studying the interactions between ash species and oxygen carriers. The method uses a lab-scale reactor operating under fluidized conditions, simulating CLC batch-wise by switching between feed gas. The novelty of the setup is the integrated system for feeding solid particles of ash model compounds, enabling the simulation of ash species accumulating in the bed. Ilmenite is a benchmark oxygen carrier for solid fuel conversion and was used in this study to evaluate the method using K2CO3 as a model ash compound. Experiments were done at 850 and 950°C. Methane conversion in CLC cycles and fluidization was evaluated with gas analysis and pressure drop measurements. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of bed particles were done after the experiments to establish changes in the morphology and composition of the ilmenite. The method for feeding the ash model compound was concluded to be satisfactory. At 950°C, K accumulated in the particles forming K-titanates and agglomeration was enhanced with K2CO3 addition. The agglomeration mechanism was solid-state sintering between the Fe-oxides forming on the particle surfaces. The bed defluidized at 950°C, but no such effect was seen at 850°C. The method is suitable for studying the Fe-Ti-K system with ilmenite and potassium without the influence of other ash species. © 2023 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

生物质转化与碳捕获和储存(生物能源CCS;BECCS)是减缓气候变化的备选方案之一。在本文中,研究了碳捕获技术化学循环燃烧(CLC),其中二氧化碳是在与燃烧空气分离的流中产生的。氧载体是CLC研究的中心课题;为转化过程提供氧气的固体金属氧化物。生物质和废物衍生燃料含有活性灰分化合物,如钾,氧载体和灰分之间的相互作用对氧载体的寿命和性能至关重要。这项工作发展并证明了一种改进的方法来研究灰分和氧载体之间的相互作用。该方法使用在流化条件下运行的实验室规模反应器,通过在原料气之间切换来模拟CLC批量。该装置的新颖之处在于其集成的灰模型化合物固体颗粒进料系统,能够模拟在床上积累的灰种。钛铁矿是固体燃料转化的基准氧载体,本研究以K2CO3为模型灰分化合物,对该方法进行了评价。实验分别在850℃和950℃下进行。通过气体分析和压降测量评估了CLC循环和流化过程中的甲烷转化率。实验结束后,通过扫描电子显微镜、x射线能谱仪(SEM-EDS)和x射线衍射仪(XRD)对床层颗粒进行了分析,确定了钛铁矿的形貌和组成的变化。结果表明,灰模型化合物的投料方法是令人满意的。在950℃时,K在颗粒中积累形成K-钛酸盐,并随着K2CO3的加入而增强团聚。颗粒表面形成的铁氧化物之间的团聚机制为固态烧结。床层在950°C时脱流化,但在850°C时没有这种效果。该方法适用于钛铁矿和钾的Fe-Ti-K体系的研究,不受其他灰分的影响。©2023作者。温室气体:科学与技术,化学工业学会和约翰·威利出版社出版;子有限公司
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引用次数: 1
Comparative analysis of energy efficiency of electrostatic precipitator before and after ultralow emission in coal-fired power plants in China 我国燃煤电厂超低排放前后电除尘器能效对比分析
IF 2.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-04-21 DOI: 10.1002/ghg.2216
Hanxiao Liu, Shuiyuan Luo, Lin Zhao, Yunjin Hu, Ying Cui, Jun Liang, Xiaowei Liu

Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is the main equipment for flue dust control of coal-fired power plants in China, accounting for about 70% of the total currently. In this paper, energy efficiency data of ESP, including 202 sets before ultra-low emission and 45 sets after ultra-low emission are systematically studied and analyzed by using the research method of field testing and technical investigation. The results showed that after ultra-low emission, the energy consumption and converted CO2 emission of ESP in coal-fired power plants increased significantly, and the specific power consumption and energy consumption corresponding to unit mass particulate matter (PM) removal increased by 49.61% and 139%, respectively, and the converted CO2 emission increased by 1.67 × 10−4 kg CO2/m3 and 31.12 kg CO2/t PM on average. The energy consumption of low-low-temperature ESP (LLT-ESP) was positively correlated with its emission reduction range. Before and after the gas cooler operation, the power consumption, specific power consumption and energy consumption corresponding to unit mass PM removal increased by 8.06%–38.68%, 10.66%–60.14% and 7.23%–62.98%, respectively, and the CO2 emissions corresponded increased by 26.29–691.81 kg CO2/h, 0.46–2.18×10−4 kg CO2/m3, 1.10–23.62 kg CO2/t PM, respectively. LLT-ESP had a great possibility to optimize the operation for energy-saving and carbon-reduction, because when the high voltage power supply operated on the maximum output mode and the energy-saving mode, the drop of power consumption and specific power consumption was around 52.00%–58.23%, 52.02%–58.29%, respectively, and the CO2 emission reductions corresponded was 1,039.25–1,359.35 kg CO2/h, 2.71–3.58×10−4 kg CO2/m3, respectively. LLT-ESP also had the great optimizing possibility for energy-saving and carbon-reduction during low load operation, as when the load reduced from 100% to 50%, the specific power consumption and energy consumption corresponding to unit mass PM removal increased by 5.05%–45.50%, 6.59%–63.90%, respectively, and the CO2 emissions corresponded increased by 0.38–2.44×10−4 kg CO2/m3, 6.76–45.98 kg CO2/h, respectively. The operation energy consumption can be effectively reduced by integrated use of multiple electric dust removal technologies, such as compared with LLT-ESP technology, the power consumption, specific power consumption and energy consumption corresponding to unit mass PM removal of “low-low-temperature + moving electrode+ electrostatic agglomeration” decreased by 37.88%, 30.08% and 45.29% respectively, and the corresponding CO2 emission decreased by 697.22 kg CO2/h, 1.87×10−4 kg CO2/m3 and 32.98 kg CO2/t PM, respectively.

电除尘器(ESP)是中国燃煤电厂烟气治理的主要设备,目前约占总量的70%。本文采用现场试验和技术调研相结合的研究方法,对超低排放前202台和超低排放后45台ESP的能效数据进行了系统的研究和分析。结果表明,燃煤电厂ESP超低排放后能耗和转化CO2排放量显著增加,单位质量颗粒物(PM)去除的比电耗和能耗分别增加49.61%和139%,转化CO2排放量平均增加1.67 × 10−4 kg CO2/m3和31.12 kg CO2/t PM。低温电除尘器的能耗与其减排幅度呈正相关。燃气冷却器运行前后,其电耗、比电耗和单位质量PM脱除能耗分别增加8.06% ~ 38.68%、10.66% ~ 60.14%和7.23% ~ 62.98%,相应的CO2排放量分别增加26.29 ~ 691.81 kg CO2/h、0.46-2.18×10−4 kg CO2/m3、1.10 ~ 23.62 kg CO2/t PM。高压电源工作在最大输出模式和节能模式时,电耗和比耗下降幅度分别为52.00% ~ 58.23%、52.02% ~ 58.29%,相应的CO2减排幅度分别为1039.25 ~ 135.35 kg CO2/h、2.71-3.58×10−4 kg CO2/m3, LLT-ESP节能减排的可能性较大。低负荷运行时,LLT-ESP在节能减碳方面也具有较大的优化可能性,当负荷从100%降至50%时,单位质量PM去除的比功耗和能耗分别增加5.05% ~ 45.50%、6.59% ~ 63.90%,相应的CO2排放量分别增加0.38-2.44×10−4 kg CO2/m3、6.76 ~ 45.98 kg CO2/h。综合使用多种电除尘技术可有效降低运行能耗,如与LLT-ESP技术相比,“低低温+移动电极+静电团聚”单位质量PM去除的电耗、比电耗和能耗分别降低了37.88%、30.08%和45.29%,相应的CO2排放量降低了697.22 kg CO2/h;1.87×10−4 kg CO2/m3和32.98 kg CO2/t PM。现行国家标准GB 37484-2019不再适用超低排放机组电潜泵能效评价。本研究可为GB 37484-2019国家标准制修订及燃煤电厂污染减排与碳减排协同效率研究提供数据支持。©2023化学工业协会和John Wiley &儿子,有限公司
{"title":"Comparative analysis of energy efficiency of electrostatic precipitator before and after ultralow emission in coal-fired power plants in China","authors":"Hanxiao Liu,&nbsp;Shuiyuan Luo,&nbsp;Lin Zhao,&nbsp;Yunjin Hu,&nbsp;Ying Cui,&nbsp;Jun Liang,&nbsp;Xiaowei Liu","doi":"10.1002/ghg.2216","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ghg.2216","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is the main equipment for flue dust control of coal-fired power plants in China, accounting for about 70% of the total currently. In this paper, energy efficiency data of ESP, including 202 sets before ultra-low emission and 45 sets after ultra-low emission are systematically studied and analyzed by using the research method of field testing and technical investigation. The results showed that after ultra-low emission, the energy consumption and converted CO<sub>2</sub> emission of ESP in coal-fired power plants increased significantly, and the specific power consumption and energy consumption corresponding to unit mass particulate matter (PM) removal increased by 49.61% and 139%, respectively, and the converted CO<sub>2</sub> emission increased by 1.67 × 10<sup>−4</sup> kg CO<sub>2</sub>/m<sup>3</sup> and 31.12 kg CO<sub>2</sub>/t PM on average. The energy consumption of low-low-temperature ESP (LLT-ESP) was positively correlated with its emission reduction range. Before and after the gas cooler operation, the power consumption, specific power consumption and energy consumption corresponding to unit mass PM removal increased by 8.06%–38.68%, 10.66%–60.14% and 7.23%–62.98%, respectively, and the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions corresponded increased by 26.29–691.81 kg CO<sub>2</sub>/h, 0.46–2.18×10<sup>−4</sup> kg CO<sub>2</sub>/m<sup>3</sup>, 1.10–23.62 kg CO<sub>2</sub>/t PM, respectively. LLT-ESP had a great possibility to optimize the operation for energy-saving and carbon-reduction, because when the high voltage power supply operated on the maximum output mode and the energy-saving mode, the drop of power consumption and specific power consumption was around 52.00%–58.23%, 52.02%–58.29%, respectively, and the CO<sub>2</sub> emission reductions corresponded was 1,039.25–1,359.35 kg CO<sub>2</sub>/h, 2.71–3.58×10<sup>−4</sup> kg CO<sub>2</sub>/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. LLT-ESP also had the great optimizing possibility for energy-saving and carbon-reduction during low load operation, as when the load reduced from 100% to 50%, the specific power consumption and energy consumption corresponding to unit mass PM removal increased by 5.05%–45.50%, 6.59%–63.90%, respectively, and the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions corresponded increased by 0.38–2.44×10<sup>−4</sup> kg CO<sub>2</sub>/m<sup>3</sup>, 6.76–45.98 kg CO<sub>2</sub>/h, respectively. The operation energy consumption can be effectively reduced by integrated use of multiple electric dust removal technologies, such as compared with LLT-ESP technology, the power consumption, specific power consumption and energy consumption corresponding to unit mass PM removal of “low-low-temperature + moving electrode+ electrostatic agglomeration” decreased by 37.88%, 30.08% and 45.29% respectively, and the corresponding CO<sub>2</sub> emission decreased by 697.22 kg CO<sub>2</sub>/h, 1.87×10<sup>−4</sup> kg CO<sub>2</sub>/m<sup>3</sup> and 32.98 kg CO<sub>2</sub>/t PM, respectively. ","PeriodicalId":12796,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42161066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of regional material flows on circular economy: A case study of southwest China 区域物质流动对循环经济的影响——以西南地区为例
IF 2.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-04-11 DOI: 10.1002/ghg.2215
Minxi Wang, Lu Chen, Lu Liu, Rui Zhang, Hong Cheng, Xin Li, Hao Su

Circular economy is beneficial to solve the conflict between the environment and development. The study combines the material flow in human society with the evaluation of the regional circular economy. Through the evaluation method combining DEA and rank-sum ratio, the development level of circular economy in this area is evaluated from both vertical and horizontal perspectives (time level and space level). The result shows: (1) from the point of view of material input, direct material input, total material demand and total material consumption all show an upward trend. The overall resource input is relatively large. (2) In terms of material output, the emission is increasing. But the growth rate is relatively slow. The emission reduction effect is outstanding. The resource output rate showed a continuous growth trend. Economic development is less dependent on the massive consumption of natural resources. (3) In terms of material circulation, the import volume of natural resources outside the province in the southwest region increased. Solid waste recycling is not high. (4) Judging from the evaluation results, the development level of Sichuan's circular economy is relatively stable. Followed by Chongqing and Guizhou. However, the level of development in Yunnan fluctuates greatly. The material consumption rate in Southwest China is higher than the economic growth rate. Resource input and resource consumption are still relatively large. Although some environmental indicators have improved, there are still serious resource and environmental problems in the future economic development of the western region that need to be paid attention. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

循环经济有利于解决环境与发展的矛盾。本研究将人类社会的物质流动与区域循环经济评价相结合。通过DEA和秩和比相结合的评价方法,从纵向和横向两个层面(时间层面和空间层面)对该地区循环经济发展水平进行评价。结果表明:(1)从物质投入来看,直接物质投入、物质总需求和物质总消耗均呈上升趋势。整体资源投入比较大。(2)在物质产出方面,排放呈增加趋势。但增长速度相对较慢。减排效果显著。资源产出率呈持续增长趋势。经济发展对大量消耗自然资源的依赖程度降低。(3)物资流通方面,西南地区省外自然资源进口量增加。固体废物回收率不高。(4)从评价结果来看,四川省循环经济发展水平相对稳定。其次是重庆和贵州。然而,云南的发展水平波动很大。西南地区的物质消耗率高于经济增长率。资源投入和资源消耗仍然较大。虽然部分环境指标有所改善,但西部地区未来经济发展中仍存在严重的资源环境问题需要引起重视。©2023化学工业协会和John Wiley &儿子,有限公司
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引用次数: 1
Assessment of the Reverberations Caused by Predominant Air Pollutants on Urban Vegetation: A Multi-Site Study in Varanasi Located in Indo-Gangetic Plains 主要空气污染物对城市植被影响的评价:位于印度恒河平原瓦拉纳西的多站点研究
IF 2.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-04-05 DOI: 10.3390/gases3020004
Harshita Singh, Pankaj Singh, S. B. Agrawal, M. Agrawal
Plant responses to air pollution have been extensively studied in urban environments. Nevertheless, detailed and holistic studies assessing their retaliation to air contaminants are still limited. The present study evaluates the effect of criteria pollutants (SO2, NO2, PM10 and O3) on the overall biochemistry and resource allocation strategy of plants in order to categorize the dominant roadside species (Mangifera indica, Psidium guajava, Ficus religiosa, Azadirachta indica, Dalbergia sissoo, Cascabela thevetia and Bougainvillea spectabilis) of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP), with different morphologies and habits, into species that are tolerant and sensitive to the prevailing air pollutants. This study was performed at three different land-use sites (industrial, commercial and reference) in Varanasi for two seasons (summer and winter). It was inferred that NO2 and PM10 consistently violated the air quality standards at all the sites. The fifteen assessed parameters reflected significant variations depending upon the site, season and plant species whereupon the enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and resource utilization parameters (leaf area and leaf dry matter content) were remarkably affected. Based on the studied parameters, it was entrenched that deciduous tree species with compound leaves (D. sissoo > A. indica) were identified as the less sensitive, followed by a shrub (C. thevetia > B. spectabilis), while evergreen species with simple leaves were the most sensitive. It was also substantiated that the morphology of the foliage contributed more toward the differential response of the plants to air pollutants than its habit.
植物对空气污染的响应在城市环境中得到了广泛的研究。然而,评估它们对空气污染物的报复的详细和全面的研究仍然有限。本研究通过评价标准污染物(SO2、NO2、PM10和O3)对植物整体生物化学和资源配置策略的影响,对印度恒河平原(IGP)不同形态和习性的优势路边种(Mangifera indica、Psidium guajava、Ficus religiosa、Azadirachta indica、Dalbergia sissoo、Cascabela thevetia和Bougainvillea spectabilis)进行分类。变成了对空气污染物耐受和敏感的物种。这项研究在瓦拉纳西的三个不同的土地利用地点(工业、商业和参考)进行,为期两个季节(夏季和冬季)。由此推断,所有站点的二氧化氮和可吸入颗粒物均持续违反空气质量标准。15个评价参数随地点、季节和植物种类的不同而发生显著变化,酶抗氧化剂(超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶)和资源利用参数(叶面积和叶干物质含量)受到显著影响。结果表明,落叶复叶树种(D. sissoo > a . indica)的敏感性最低,灌木次之(C. thevetia > B. spectabilis),而常绿单叶树种的敏感性最高。叶片形态对植物对空气污染物的差异响应的贡献大于其习性。
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引用次数: 1
Prospects of low-temperature solid sorbents in industrial CO₂ capture: A focus on biomass residues as precursor material 低温固体吸附剂在工业二氧化碳捕集中的应用前景。关注生物质残渣作为前体材料
IF 2.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.1002/ghg.2210
Nausika Querejeta, María Victoria Gil, Fernando Rubiera, Covadonga Pevida

Adsorption using bio-based adsorbents has been pointed out as an economical and environmentally benign technology for CO₂ gas separation and storage. A bio-based adsorbent can be fabricated from low-cost worldwide available biomass feedstock and bio-wastes from different industries (e.g., dairy manure, forestry, agriculture). As a result, it is a carbon rich material of hydrophobic nature, activated to gain high porosity development, and requires mild regeneration conditions. However, large-scale deployment of bio-based adsorption processes remains challenging. Our group has been intensively developing biomass-based adsorbents in conjunction with the design of tailored CO₂ adsorption-based cyclic processes for the envisioned application. Herein, key concepts on adsorption technology, biomass waste management, and different activation techniques for biomass-based adsorbent precursors are discussed. This review addresses the most relevant studies in the literature, from lab experimentation on a milligram scale (volumetric and gravimetric tests) to dynamic tests in bench or large-scale cyclic adsorption processes (i.e., pressure swing adsorption, temperature swing adsorption, vacuum swing adsorption). Therefore, the main target is to give a holistic view of the industrial applications where CO₂ separations with these materials are more suitable. Finally, concluding remarks and future perspectives of bio-based adsorbents in carbon capture are presented. © 2023 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

利用生物基吸附剂进行吸附是一种经济、环保的CO₂气体分离与储存技术。生物基吸附剂可以由低成本的世界范围内可用的生物质原料和来自不同行业(例如,奶牛粪便,林业,农业)的生物废物制成。因此,它是一种疏水性的富碳材料,通过活化获得高孔隙度的发育,并且需要温和的再生条件。然而,大规模部署生物基吸附工艺仍然具有挑战性。我们的团队一直在集中开发基于生物质的吸附剂,并为预期的应用设计量身定制的基于CO₂吸附的循环过程。本文讨论了吸附技术的关键概念、生物质废弃物管理以及生物质基吸附前驱体的不同活化技术。本文综述了文献中最相关的研究,从毫克级的实验室实验(体积和重量测试)到台架或大规模循环吸附过程的动态测试(即变压吸附、变温吸附、变真空吸附)。因此,主要目标是对工业应用提供一个整体视图,在这些应用中,用这些材料分离CO₂更合适。最后,对生物基吸附剂在碳捕集中的应用进行了总结和展望。©2023作者。温室气体:科学与技术,化学工业学会和约翰·威利出版社出版;子有限公司
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引用次数: 1
Layered double hydroxide-derived copper-based oxygen carriers for chemical looping applications: Oxygen release kinetics and impact of loading on long-term performance 化学环应用的层状双氢氧衍生铜基氧载体:氧释放动力学和负载对长期性能的影响
IF 2.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.1002/ghg.2214
Michael High, Qilei Song, Kyra L. Sedransk Campbell, Paul S. Fennell

Chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling, a variant of chemical looping combustion, requires chemically and physically stable oxygen carriers over long-term redox cycling. Copper-based oxygen carriers are characterised by high oxygen release rates but experience sintering at high temperatures. The use of layered double hydroxides (LDHs), prepared via co-precipitation, as oxygen carrier precursors has been shown to effectively limit deactivation of copper-based mixed metal oxides (MMOs) over extended redox cycling. The LDH-derived MMOs have highly dispersed metal oxide within a stable support; the high dispersion of metals is due to the LDH precursor structure. In this work, a fluidised bed reactor (FBR) was used to study the intrinsic kinetics of oxygen release from CuO/MgAl2O4 oxygen carriers synthesised via the LDH-MMO design strategy. The long-term performance of MMOs with higher loadings of CuO, calcined from LDHs with higher Cu contents, was also investigated using an FBR. The intrinsic kinetics were determined using a kinetic model incorporating an effectiveness factor. By minimising the effects of intra- and inter-particle mass transfer, the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor of the lower loading MMOs were determined to be 51 ± 3 kJ mol−1 and 0.0567 s−1, respectively. All MMOs showed excellent stability over 100 redox cycles in a thermogravimetric analyser. However, the pH during co-precipitation of the LDHs affected the stability of the MMOs in an FBR. The MMOs calcined from LDHs synthesised at pH 9.5 disintegrated during operation, whilst those produced from LDHs synthesised at pH 11 maintained high conversion and physical integrity over 100 redox cycles. © 2023 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

氧解偶联化学环是化学环燃烧的一种变体,需要长期氧化还原循环中化学和物理上稳定的氧载体。铜基氧载体的特点是氧释放速率高,但在高温下会发生烧结。通过共沉淀法制备的层状双氢氧化物(LDHs)作为氧载体前体已被证明可以有效地限制铜基混合金属氧化物(MMOs)在延长氧化还原循环中的失活。ldh衍生的mmo在稳定的载体内具有高度分散的金属氧化物;金属的高分散是由于LDH前驱体的结构。本文采用流化床反应器(FBR)研究了采用LDH-MMO设计策略合成的CuO/MgAl2O4氧载体的氧释放动力学特性。用FBR研究了高Cu含量的LDHs煅烧高CuO负载的MMOs的长期性能。本征动力学是用动力学模型确定了一个有效因素。通过最小化粒子内和粒子间传质的影响,确定了低负荷MMOs的活化能和指前因子分别为51±3 kJ mol−1和0.0567 s−1。所有MMOs在热重分析仪中表现出超过100次氧化还原循环的优异稳定性。然而,LDHs共沉淀过程中的pH值影响了FBR中MMOs的稳定性。在pH 9.5下合成的LDHs煅烧出的MMOs在运行过程中分解,而在pH 11下合成的LDHs产生的MMOs在100次氧化还原循环中保持了高转化率和物理完整性。©2023作者。温室气体:科学与技术,化学工业学会和约翰·威利出版社出版;子有限公司
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引用次数: 0
A carbon dioxide huff and puff project at a mature heavy oil Field in Dagang, China 中国大港某成熟稠油油田二氧化碳吞吐工程
IF 2.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.1002/ghg.2212
Chang Hong Gao, Chuan Yao Ji

Carbon dioxide has been proved an effective agent to enhance recovery for relatively light crude oil, but its applications in heavy oil are very limited. This short communication presents field trials of CO2 huff and puff at Dagang, a heavy oil field in Northeast China. Two wells received CO2 injection, and both wells saw higher oil output and lower water-cut after CO2 treatment. This project proves CO2 is effective for heavy oil recovery. Recommendations are also made for future CO2 huff and puff projects. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

二氧化碳已被证明是提高较轻原油采收率的有效剂,但在稠油中的应用非常有限。本文简要介绍了东北大港稠油油田CO2吞吐的现场试验情况。两口井进行了CO2注入,经过CO2处理后,两口井的产油量都有所提高,含水率也有所降低。该项目证明了CO2在稠油开采中是有效的。对未来的二氧化碳吞吐项目也提出了建议。©2023化学工业协会和John Wiley &儿子,有限公司
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引用次数: 0
CO2 capture performance of a CaO sorbent modified with fulvic acid for the calcium looping cycle 富里酸改性CaO吸附剂在钙循环中对CO2的捕集性能
IF 2.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.1002/ghg.2213
Dazhan Jiang, Yaru Wang, Zetong Li, Shuaipeng Li, Li Zhang, Luhan Chen, Zhiguo Sun

Capturing CO2 from fossil fuel combustion is of importance for mitigation of climate warming. Among the CO2 capture technologies, the calcium-based sorbent method is promising. However, the most prominent problem of this method at present is that the activity of the sorbent decreases as the number of cycle reactions increases. It seriously affects the industrial application of the calcium-based sorbent method in carbon capture technology. Fulvic acid (FA) is a biologically active and soluble component of humic acid. Compared with other humic acids, it contains more oxygen and heterocyclic rings. Also, the rings are connected by bridge bonds. Therefore, the ability of FA to chelate cations and its adsorption capacity is stronger than the other humic acids. Therefore, in this work, we first proposed using FA to modify CaO to improve CO2 capture from flue gas. The effects of calcination temperature, carbonation temperature, reaction time and the amount of doped FA on the carbonation conversion rate (CCR) of CaO modified with FA (FA/CaO) were studied in the calcining/carbonizing room at atmospheric pressure. The experiment showed that the first CCR (X1) of FA/CaO reached 0.872 under the optimal conditions, which was 31% higher than X1 of original CaO. The 20th CCR (X20) was still as high as 0.47, which was three times than X20 of original CaO. In addition, the sorbent was analyzed and characterized by XRD, SEM, BET and LPSA. Due to the doped FA, the microstructure of CaO became fluffy and open, which improved the specific surface area and pore size of CaO. It indicated that the addition of FA was beneficial to the diffusion and absorption of CO2 and delayed the appearance of sintering, which significantly enhanced the CO2 capture performance of CaO. Using FA to modify CaO to capture CO2 provides an idea for efficient carbon capture, and has practical application potential. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

从化石燃料燃烧中捕获二氧化碳对减缓气候变暖具有重要意义。在二氧化碳捕集技术中,钙基吸附剂法是一种很有前途的捕集技术。但目前该方法最突出的问题是吸附剂的活性随着循环反应次数的增加而降低。严重影响了钙基吸附剂法在碳捕集技术中的工业应用。黄腐酸(FA)是一种具有生物活性和可溶性的腐植酸成分。与其他腐植酸相比,它含有更多的氧和杂环。此外,这些环是通过桥键连接的。因此,FA对阳离子的螯合能力和吸附能力强于其他腐植酸。因此,在这项工作中,我们首次提出使用FA改性CaO来提高烟气中CO2的捕集。在常压煅烧/碳化室内,研究了煅烧温度、碳化温度、反应时间和掺FA量对FA改性CaO (FA/CaO)的碳化转化率(CCR)的影响。实验表明,在最优条件下,FA/CaO的第一次CCR (X1)达到0.872,比原CaO的X1提高了31%。20期CCR (X20)仍高达0.47,是原CaO X20的3倍。并用XRD、SEM、BET、LPSA等方法对该吸附剂进行了表征。由于FA的掺杂,CaO的微观结构变得蓬松和开放,提高了CaO的比表面积和孔径。结果表明,FA的加入有利于CO2的扩散和吸收,延缓了烧结的出现,显著提高了CaO的CO2捕集性能。利用FA改性CaO捕集CO2为高效碳捕集提供了思路,具有实际应用潜力。©2023化学工业协会和John Wiley &儿子,有限公司
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引用次数: 0
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Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology
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