Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0260
Boluwatife Esther Ajayi, A. Ogunjobi
Resistance to synthetic antibiotics remains a significant global health challenge, prompting interest in natural alternatives such as phytochemicals. This study evaluated the antimicrobial potential of methanol and aqueous extracts from Adansonia digitata leaves against various pathogenic bacteria. Quantitative analysis revealed higher concentrations of alkaloids (5.60% in methanol extract), flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids (3.2% in methanol extract), and phenols in the methanol extract compared to the aqueous extract. The methanol extract demonstrated notable antibacterial activity, particularly against Serratia marcescens and Staphylococcus aureus, with a maximum zone of inhibition of 24.00 mm. In contrast, the aqueous extract showed no significant antibacterial effect. However, several bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Citrobacter freundii, exhibited resistance to both extracts, despite exposure to concentrations below the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). MIC values ranged from 62.50 mg/mL to 500 mg/mL for different bacterial strains, indicating varying susceptibility levels. This resistance highlights the complex way bacteria respond to phytochemicals and indicates that more research is necessary to identify the precise bioactive substances causing antimicrobial action as well as potential resistance pathways.
{"title":"Antibacterial activities and antioxidant potential of Adansonia digitata leaves","authors":"Boluwatife Esther Ajayi, A. Ogunjobi","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0260","url":null,"abstract":"Resistance to synthetic antibiotics remains a significant global health challenge, prompting interest in natural alternatives such as phytochemicals. This study evaluated the antimicrobial potential of methanol and aqueous extracts from Adansonia digitata leaves against various pathogenic bacteria. Quantitative analysis revealed higher concentrations of alkaloids (5.60% in methanol extract), flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids (3.2% in methanol extract), and phenols in the methanol extract compared to the aqueous extract. The methanol extract demonstrated notable antibacterial activity, particularly against Serratia marcescens and Staphylococcus aureus, with a maximum zone of inhibition of 24.00 mm. In contrast, the aqueous extract showed no significant antibacterial effect. However, several bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Citrobacter freundii, exhibited resistance to both extracts, despite exposure to concentrations below the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). MIC values ranged from 62.50 mg/mL to 500 mg/mL for different bacterial strains, indicating varying susceptibility levels. This resistance highlights the complex way bacteria respond to phytochemicals and indicates that more research is necessary to identify the precise bioactive substances causing antimicrobial action as well as potential resistance pathways.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"5 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141796227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0248
Devyani S Watmode, Jitendra A Kubde, Pooja R. Hatwar, Ravindrakumar L. Bakal, Nitin B Kohale
Antimicrobial medications are essential for both treating and preventing bacterial infections. The growth and spread of resistant bacteria pose significant obstacles to the current management of bacterial diseases, notwithstanding the early effectiveness of antibiotics. It is imperative to take action to prevent and manage antibiotic resistance in order to prevent a potentially catastrophic clinical collapse. World Health Organisation (WHO) and national health authorities have mostly recommended action plans to limit the use of antibiotics while enhancing hygiene and drug disposal practices. Our goal in writing this review is to discuss how well antibiotic-encapsulated liposomes work as a treatment for bacterial illnesses.
{"title":"A review on liposome as a drug delivery system for antibiotics","authors":"Devyani S Watmode, Jitendra A Kubde, Pooja R. Hatwar, Ravindrakumar L. Bakal, Nitin B Kohale","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0248","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial medications are essential for both treating and preventing bacterial infections. The growth and spread of resistant bacteria pose significant obstacles to the current management of bacterial diseases, notwithstanding the early effectiveness of antibiotics. It is imperative to take action to prevent and manage antibiotic resistance in order to prevent a potentially catastrophic clinical collapse. World Health Organisation (WHO) and national health authorities have mostly recommended action plans to limit the use of antibiotics while enhancing hygiene and drug disposal practices. Our goal in writing this review is to discuss how well antibiotic-encapsulated liposomes work as a treatment for bacterial illnesses.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"8 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141796043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0263
REVATHY P, THIRUNARAYANAN G, SUVEDHA P
Objective: To characterize the siddha formulation Komoothira silasathu parpam. Material and methods: The siddha formulation, Komoothira silasathu parpam was prepared as per Siddha literature Gunapadam thathu Jeevava guppu and the siddha formulation was analysed by using FTIR spectrum. Result: FTIR characterization shows the presence of some functional group such as Alkyne, Alkene, Alkane, Carbon dioxide, Aldehyde, Primary Amine, Alcohols where identified in Siddha formulation komoothirasilasathuparpam. This study forms the base for pharmaceutical analysis of Komoothirasilasathuparpamwhich will be followed by safety and efficacy studies later. Conclusion: The instrumental analysis FTIR study for Komoothira silasathu parpam shows the presence of functional groups through the stretch and bands which responsible for its functional activity. It was to subject for further many studies to validate its efficacy for its potency.
{"title":"FTIR characterization of Siddha medicine Komoothira silasathu parpam","authors":"REVATHY P, THIRUNARAYANAN G, SUVEDHA P","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0263","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To characterize the siddha formulation Komoothira silasathu parpam. Material and methods: The siddha formulation, Komoothira silasathu parpam was prepared as per Siddha literature Gunapadam thathu Jeevava guppu and the siddha formulation was analysed by using FTIR spectrum. Result: FTIR characterization shows the presence of some functional group such as Alkyne, Alkene, Alkane, Carbon dioxide, Aldehyde, Primary Amine, Alcohols where identified in Siddha formulation komoothirasilasathuparpam. This study forms the base for pharmaceutical analysis of Komoothirasilasathuparpamwhich will be followed by safety and efficacy studies later. Conclusion: The instrumental analysis FTIR study for Komoothira silasathu parpam shows the presence of functional groups through the stretch and bands which responsible for its functional activity. It was to subject for further many studies to validate its efficacy for its potency.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"3 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A simple, rapid, accurate and precise stability-indicating HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of Ticagrelore in oral dispersable tablets. Separation of the drug was achieved on Shimadzu HPLC comprising of LC- 20 AD binary gradient pump, a variable wavelength programmable SPD-20A detector and SCL system controller. C18G column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μ) as stationary phase with mobile phase consisting of methanol and water in the ratio of 25: 75 v/v. The method showed a good linear response in the concentration range of 10-90 μg/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.999. The flow rate was maintained at 1.0 ml/min and effluents were monitored at 254 nm. The retention time was 5.786 min. The method was statistically validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, ruggedness, robustness, solution stability, selectivity and forced degradation studies. Stress conditions including acid, alkali hydrolysis, water stress, oxidation, photolysis, and heat were applied. The degradation products did not interfere with the detection of Ticagrelor, thus the method can be considered as a stability indicating method. The results obtained in the study were within the limits of ICH guidelines and hence this method can be used for the determination of Ticagrelore in oral dispersible tablets.
{"title":"Application of Stability-indicating RP-HPLC Method for quantification of Ticagrelor In Oral dispersible tablet dosage form","authors":"Cheepurupalli Prasad, Vdl Abhisri, Shanthi Kalla, Padma Kalavala, Kamuju Kandala, Satya Priyanka, Abhiram Kamuju, Kandula Vijay, Juttaka Prasad, Cheepurupalli","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0247","url":null,"abstract":"A simple, rapid, accurate and precise stability-indicating HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of Ticagrelore in oral dispersable tablets. Separation of the drug was achieved on Shimadzu HPLC comprising of LC- 20 AD binary gradient pump, a variable wavelength programmable SPD-20A detector and SCL system controller. C18G column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μ) as stationary phase with mobile phase consisting of methanol and water in the ratio of 25: 75 v/v. The method showed a good linear response in the concentration range of 10-90 μg/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.999. The flow rate was maintained at 1.0 ml/min and effluents were monitored at 254 nm. The retention time was 5.786 min. The method was statistically validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, ruggedness, robustness, solution stability, selectivity and forced degradation studies. Stress conditions including acid, alkali hydrolysis, water stress, oxidation, photolysis, and heat were applied. The degradation products did not interfere with the detection of Ticagrelor, thus the method can be considered as a stability indicating method. The results obtained in the study were within the limits of ICH guidelines and hence this method can be used for the determination of Ticagrelore in oral dispersible tablets.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Poisoning is a common medico-social problem now days all over the world. The study evaluates the cases admitted in TUTH, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu. Various parameters like Age, Sex, Marital status, Educational status, Type of poisoning, Intent of poisoning, Duration of treatment and Treatment pattern were analyzed. Objectives: The aim of this study was to study the Pattern of Poisoning and their Management. Methods: This is a cross sectional descriptive study in which the data of the 120 poisoning patients in emergency ward of Tertiary Care Hospital, TUTH, Maharajgunj was recorded from the data collection form and through the inquiry. The collected data was enter in Microsoft Excel and data analysis was done in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software of version 25. Result: Most of the poisoning cases were found in the age group of 21-30 years i.e. 42.5% and least poisoning cases were found in 56 -70 and 61-70 years i.e. 4.2%. The mean age of the study population was found to be 30.06 ± 12.82 years. The numbers of female patient were 56.7% which is higher than males 43.3%. The percentage of unemployed patients was 40% which also illustrated the cause for poisoning. The common agents involved in poisoning were Organophosphate Compounds i.e. Metacid and Chlorpyrifos within 51.7% cases and followed by Zinc Phosphorus Poisoning i.e. 13.3% cases. It was found that 92.5% of the cases were intentional and 7.5% of the cases were accidental. The main reason for intentional poisoning was family dispute i.e. 87.9%. The mean hospital stay was 4.44±2.49 Days. Gastric Lavage was perform on 87% cases along with Antidotes on 65% cases and Gastric Acid Inhibitors on 89.2% cases. Conclusion: The numbers of female patient were higher than males. Most of the poisoning cases were found in the age group of 21-30 years. The unemployed patients were 40% which also illustrated the cause for poisoning. Common agents involved in poisoning were Organophosphate Compounds. It was found that 92.5% of the cases were intentional for suicidal attempt. Gastric Lavage was perform on 91.6% cases. Atropine and Pralidoxime were used in Organophosphate Poisoning while N-Acetyl Cysteine was used as antidote on Paracetamol and Mushroom Poisoning. Pneumonia was found in 1.7% cases whereas other complications were not found on rest of the sample.
{"title":"Study on the pattern of poisoning and their management in tertiary care hospital","authors":"Sanjeev Khanal, Hemank KC, Dibash Sapkota, Pradip Kumar Mahato, Kavita Shrestha","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0253","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Poisoning is a common medico-social problem now days all over the world. The study evaluates the cases admitted in TUTH, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu. Various parameters like Age, Sex, Marital status, Educational status, Type of poisoning, Intent of poisoning, Duration of treatment and Treatment pattern were analyzed. Objectives: The aim of this study was to study the Pattern of Poisoning and their Management. Methods: This is a cross sectional descriptive study in which the data of the 120 poisoning patients in emergency ward of Tertiary Care Hospital, TUTH, Maharajgunj was recorded from the data collection form and through the inquiry. The collected data was enter in Microsoft Excel and data analysis was done in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software of version 25. Result: Most of the poisoning cases were found in the age group of 21-30 years i.e. 42.5% and least poisoning cases were found in 56 -70 and 61-70 years i.e. 4.2%. The mean age of the study population was found to be 30.06 ± 12.82 years. The numbers of female patient were 56.7% which is higher than males 43.3%. The percentage of unemployed patients was 40% which also illustrated the cause for poisoning. The common agents involved in poisoning were Organophosphate Compounds i.e. Metacid and Chlorpyrifos within 51.7% cases and followed by Zinc Phosphorus Poisoning i.e. 13.3% cases. It was found that 92.5% of the cases were intentional and 7.5% of the cases were accidental. The main reason for intentional poisoning was family dispute i.e. 87.9%. The mean hospital stay was 4.44±2.49 Days. Gastric Lavage was perform on 87% cases along with Antidotes on 65% cases and Gastric Acid Inhibitors on 89.2% cases. Conclusion: The numbers of female patient were higher than males. Most of the poisoning cases were found in the age group of 21-30 years. The unemployed patients were 40% which also illustrated the cause for poisoning. Common agents involved in poisoning were Organophosphate Compounds. It was found that 92.5% of the cases were intentional for suicidal attempt. Gastric Lavage was perform on 91.6% cases. Atropine and Pralidoxime were used in Organophosphate Poisoning while N-Acetyl Cysteine was used as antidote on Paracetamol and Mushroom Poisoning. Pneumonia was found in 1.7% cases whereas other complications were not found on rest of the sample.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0212
Mbadugha Irene, chioma, C. Alisi, P. Chiamaka., C. NzebudeJuliet., Ejiofor
Many studies have been conducted on the use of plant extracts to control microbial surface contamination of foods, enhance product microbial safety and extend its shelf life. The study was designed to extend the shelf- life of Brassica oleracea using ethanol extract of Citrus aurantifolia. The phytochemical analysis of the Citrus aurantifolia leaf extract was carried out using gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometry. The chromatogram result revealed the presence of seventy-four (74) bioactive compounds in Citrus aurantafolia. The bioactive compounds present includes alkaloid, phenols, alkenes, alkanes, sesquisterpernoid, alcohol, benzamides, terpenes and phthalic acid. Agar –well diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial activities of the plant extract against gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus roseus and Bacillus subtillis) and gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter multilinea, Salmonella enterica, Bacillus lichenformis). The extract exhibited both antibacterial and antifungal activities against tested microorganisms. Ethanolic extract of Citrus aurantafolia showed significant antibacterial effect while no inhibitory effect on the antifungal. Staphylococcus appears to be a sensitive strain to the extract. Further studies of the antimicrobial studies were carried using inhibition of total dehydrogenase activity as measure of toxicity C. aurantifolia. The toxicity of the C.aurantifolia leaf extract and Ciprofloxacin on the microbial isolate reveals that Bacillus subtilis was more susceptible to the plant extract than the other microbial isolates. Total microbial counts of the cabbage after 12 days incubation period was used to assess the shelf-life of Brassica oleracea using two samples of the cabbage, identified as Sample A and sample B respectively. The citrus aurantifolia extract has significant effect on the cabbage. The results suggest that the ethanoic extracts of Citrus aurantifolia exhibit a considerable number of phytochemicals and antimicrobials activities. Hence, plant extracts have demonstrated potential as natural antimicrobials and can be used safely as food preservatives.
关于使用植物提取物控制食品表面微生物污染、提高产品微生物安全性和延长保质期的研究很多。本研究旨在利用枳实的乙醇提取物延长甘蓝菜的保质期。使用气相色谱-质谱法对枳实叶提取物进行了植物化学分析。色谱结果显示，枳实中含有七十四（74）种生物活性化合物。这些生物活性化合物包括生物碱、酚类、烯类、烷类、倍半萜类、醇类、苯甲酰胺类、萜类和邻苯二甲酸。采用琼脂井扩散法测定植物提取物对革兰氏阳性菌（金黄色葡萄球菌、玫瑰微球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌）和革兰氏阴性菌（铜绿假单胞菌、多枸橼酸杆菌、肠炎沙门氏菌和地衣芽孢杆菌）的抗菌活性。该提取物对测试微生物具有抗菌和抗真菌活性。枳实乙醇提取物具有显著的抗菌效果，但对抗真菌没有抑制作用。葡萄球菌似乎是该提取物的敏感菌株。使用抑制总脱氢酶活性来衡量枳实提取物的毒性，对其进行了进一步的抗菌研究。枳实叶提取物和环丙沙星对微生物分离菌株的毒性表明，枯草芽孢杆菌比其他微生物分离菌株更易受植物提取物的影响。培养 12 天后卷心菜的微生物总数被用来评估甘蓝菜的保质期，使用的是两个卷心菜样本，分别称为样本 A 和样本 B。枳实提取物对卷心菜有明显的影响。结果表明，枳实的乙醇提取物具有相当多的植物化学物质和抗菌活性。因此，植物提取物具有作为天然抗菌剂的潜力，可以安全地用作食品防腐剂。
{"title":"Extension of shelf-life of Brassica oleracea using ethanol extracts of Citrus aurantifolia","authors":"Mbadugha Irene, chioma, C. Alisi, P. Chiamaka., C. NzebudeJuliet., Ejiofor","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0212","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies have been conducted on the use of plant extracts to control microbial surface contamination of foods, enhance product microbial safety and extend its shelf life. The study was designed to extend the shelf- life of Brassica oleracea using ethanol extract of Citrus aurantifolia. The phytochemical analysis of the Citrus aurantifolia leaf extract was carried out using gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometry. The chromatogram result revealed the presence of seventy-four (74) bioactive compounds in Citrus aurantafolia. The bioactive compounds present includes alkaloid, phenols, alkenes, alkanes, sesquisterpernoid, alcohol, benzamides, terpenes and phthalic acid. Agar –well diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial activities of the plant extract against gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus roseus and Bacillus subtillis) and gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter multilinea, Salmonella enterica, Bacillus lichenformis). The extract exhibited both antibacterial and antifungal activities against tested microorganisms. Ethanolic extract of Citrus aurantafolia showed significant antibacterial effect while no inhibitory effect on the antifungal. Staphylococcus appears to be a sensitive strain to the extract. Further studies of the antimicrobial studies were carried using inhibition of total dehydrogenase activity as measure of toxicity C. aurantifolia. The toxicity of the C.aurantifolia leaf extract and Ciprofloxacin on the microbial isolate reveals that Bacillus subtilis was more susceptible to the plant extract than the other microbial isolates. Total microbial counts of the cabbage after 12 days incubation period was used to assess the shelf-life of Brassica oleracea using two samples of the cabbage, identified as Sample A and sample B respectively. The citrus aurantifolia extract has significant effect on the cabbage. The results suggest that the ethanoic extracts of Citrus aurantifolia exhibit a considerable number of phytochemicals and antimicrobials activities. Hence, plant extracts have demonstrated potential as natural antimicrobials and can be used safely as food preservatives.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141796152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0252
J. E. Okwara, Nuratu Okwara, C. U. Igwe, Perpetua Chiamaka Nzebude, Favour Ntite, Ujowundu
Introduction: Garcinia kola, Cymbopogan citratus and Bryophyllium pinnatum are multipurpose plants used in diverse ways for medicinal and nutritional purposes across regions of the world, with their benefits yet to be fully exploited. Aim: This study investigated the antimicrobial effects of aqueous extracts of these plants against bacterial sputum isolates of consenting cough patients. Method: Isolates were identified based on colonial, morphological, gram staining, relevant biochemical and molecular characterization. Aqueous extracts of individual plants, binary, and ternary combinations were used for antimicrobial studies on four isolated bacterial species. The response of the bacterial isolates to aqueous extracts of the seeds of G. kola and leaves of B. pinnatum and C. citratus were determined using lactate dehydrogenase method and mean inhibitory concentrations (MIC) determined. Results: Streptococcus specie infection had the highest prevalence of 90% followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (85%), Staphylococcus aureus (80%), and E. coli (30%) among the cough patients. Co-bacterial infection was seen in 95% of the cases. Responses of the bacterial isolates to the plants’ aqueous extracts were dose-dependent. Dehydrogenase activities of the bacterial isolates were significantly and progressively inhibited by the aqueous extracts of the individual, binary and ternary combinations of the plants. However, MIC was significantly lowest in the ternary combination compared to the individual and binary extract formulations. Conclusion: The study revealed that individual, binary, and ternary combinations of the plant extracts have significant antibacterial properties, with ternary combination of 40% G. kola, 30% B. pinnatum and 30% C. citratus demonstrating the highest potency. The ternary combination of the extracts could potentially be exploited for treatment of bacterial-induced cough. However, more research is needed to further evaluate the plants’ safety and effectiveness for clinical use in humans.
简介：藤黄科拉（Garcinia kola）、枸橼酸骏马草（Cymbopogan citratus）和羽叶红景天（Bryophyllium pinnatum）是多用途植物，在世界各地以不同方式用于药用和营养目的，其益处尚未得到充分开发。目的：本研究调查了这些植物的水提取物对咳嗽患者痰中细菌分离物的抗菌效果。方法：根据菌落、形态、革兰氏染色、相关生化和分子特征对分离菌进行鉴定。使用单个植物、二元和三元组合的水提取物对四种分离出的细菌进行抗菌研究。使用乳酸脱氢酶法测定了细菌分离物对 G. kola 种子以及 B. pinnatum 和 C. citratus 叶子的水提取物的反应，并确定了平均抑菌浓度 (MIC)。结果：咳嗽患者中链球菌感染率最高，达 90%，其次是肺炎克雷伯菌（85%）、金黄色葡萄球菌（80%）和大肠杆菌（30%）。95% 的病例合并细菌感染。细菌分离物对植物水提取物的反应呈剂量依赖性。细菌分离物的脱氢酶活性受到单独植物、二元植物和三元植物组合的水提取物的显著抑制，且呈递增趋势。不过，与单独提取物和二元提取物配方相比，三元组合的 MIC 明显最低。结论研究表明，植物提取物的单体、二元和三元组合具有显著的抗菌特性，其中 40% G. kola、30% B. pinnatum 和 30% C. citratus 的三元组合具有最高的效力。提取物的三元组合可用于治疗细菌引起的咳嗽。不过，还需要更多的研究来进一步评估这些植物在人类临床应用中的安全性和有效性。
{"title":"Antimicrobial effect of aqueous extracts of Garcinia kola, Cymbopogan citratus and Bryophyllium pinnatum against sputum bacterial isolates from human subjects","authors":"J. E. Okwara, Nuratu Okwara, C. U. Igwe, Perpetua Chiamaka Nzebude, Favour Ntite, Ujowundu","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0252","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Garcinia kola, Cymbopogan citratus and Bryophyllium pinnatum are multipurpose plants used in diverse ways for medicinal and nutritional purposes across regions of the world, with their benefits yet to be fully exploited. Aim: This study investigated the antimicrobial effects of aqueous extracts of these plants against bacterial sputum isolates of consenting cough patients. Method: Isolates were identified based on colonial, morphological, gram staining, relevant biochemical and molecular characterization. Aqueous extracts of individual plants, binary, and ternary combinations were used for antimicrobial studies on four isolated bacterial species. The response of the bacterial isolates to aqueous extracts of the seeds of G. kola and leaves of B. pinnatum and C. citratus were determined using lactate dehydrogenase method and mean inhibitory concentrations (MIC) determined. Results: Streptococcus specie infection had the highest prevalence of 90% followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (85%), Staphylococcus aureus (80%), and E. coli (30%) among the cough patients. Co-bacterial infection was seen in 95% of the cases. Responses of the bacterial isolates to the plants’ aqueous extracts were dose-dependent. Dehydrogenase activities of the bacterial isolates were significantly and progressively inhibited by the aqueous extracts of the individual, binary and ternary combinations of the plants. However, MIC was significantly lowest in the ternary combination compared to the individual and binary extract formulations. Conclusion: The study revealed that individual, binary, and ternary combinations of the plant extracts have significant antibacterial properties, with ternary combination of 40% G. kola, 30% B. pinnatum and 30% C. citratus demonstrating the highest potency. The ternary combination of the extracts could potentially be exploited for treatment of bacterial-induced cough. However, more research is needed to further evaluate the plants’ safety and effectiveness for clinical use in humans.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0272
Mary Aubrey Zamayla Sumagaysay, Stephany Abrio, Hazrat Ayna Tomawis Balindong, Norhussien Hadji ali Calandada, Daniella Tongco Cemine, Jumaima Sidic Hadji Assim, Janz Kyle Abonitalia Magdales, Mikaella Abrigo Mercado, Christle Joyce Barte Taripe, Madeleine Cabeltes Zamayla, Jevie Lyn Peralta-Tan Nery, Eugene Marc Daguio Cera III, Mylene Sevilla AndalJustin Dave Magracia, Justin Dave Magracia Manantan, Jan Karlo Tiongson Ecalne
Kalingag (Cinnamomum mercadoi) is a native plant of the Philippines that has long been used in traditional medicine. Because of its indigenous nature, research on this plant remains limited. This research evaluated the phytochemical content and antioxidant properties of a crude ethanolic extract from Cinnamomum mercadoi bark. The plant bark collected from Davao Occidental was thoroughly cleaned with distilled water to remove any adhering dirt, air-dried for a week in the shade, and then pulverized with a Wiley mill. The bark was then subjected to Soxhlet extraction for 6 hours, and the pooled extracts were concentrated for 5 hours at 60°C in a rotary evaporator to yield a green, syrupy substance. The extract was tested for phytochemical content, followed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for confirmation of the subsequent results by determining the functional groups that comprise their structure, before being assessed using the DPPH assay for free radical scavenging. The phytochemical screening and subsequent FTIR analysis revealed important metabolites such as tannins, glycosides, phytosterols, and terpenoids, all of which contribute to the antioxidant activity of the crude ethanolic extract. In the DPPH assay, the extract demonstrated concentration-dependent activity (IC50 = 85.7627 µg/mL) compared to the gallic acid (IC50 = 4.1818 µg/mL). Such findings highlight the importance of purifying and isolating specific compounds to boost the plant's antioxidant activity. To maximize its value, further study into other parts of the plant is recommended.
{"title":"Evaluation of antioxidant activity of the crude ethanolic extract from the bark of Cinnamomum mercadoi","authors":"Mary Aubrey Zamayla Sumagaysay, Stephany Abrio, Hazrat Ayna Tomawis Balindong, Norhussien Hadji ali Calandada, Daniella Tongco Cemine, Jumaima Sidic Hadji Assim, Janz Kyle Abonitalia Magdales, Mikaella Abrigo Mercado, Christle Joyce Barte Taripe, Madeleine Cabeltes Zamayla, Jevie Lyn Peralta-Tan Nery, Eugene Marc Daguio Cera III, Mylene Sevilla AndalJustin Dave Magracia, Justin Dave Magracia Manantan, Jan Karlo Tiongson Ecalne","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0272","url":null,"abstract":"Kalingag (Cinnamomum mercadoi) is a native plant of the Philippines that has long been used in traditional medicine. Because of its indigenous nature, research on this plant remains limited. This research evaluated the phytochemical content and antioxidant properties of a crude ethanolic extract from Cinnamomum mercadoi bark. The plant bark collected from Davao Occidental was thoroughly cleaned with distilled water to remove any adhering dirt, air-dried for a week in the shade, and then pulverized with a Wiley mill. The bark was then subjected to Soxhlet extraction for 6 hours, and the pooled extracts were concentrated for 5 hours at 60°C in a rotary evaporator to yield a green, syrupy substance. The extract was tested for phytochemical content, followed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for confirmation of the subsequent results by determining the functional groups that comprise their structure, before being assessed using the DPPH assay for free radical scavenging. The phytochemical screening and subsequent FTIR analysis revealed important metabolites such as tannins, glycosides, phytosterols, and terpenoids, all of which contribute to the antioxidant activity of the crude ethanolic extract. In the DPPH assay, the extract demonstrated concentration-dependent activity (IC50 = 85.7627 µg/mL) compared to the gallic acid (IC50 = 4.1818 µg/mL). Such findings highlight the importance of purifying and isolating specific compounds to boost the plant's antioxidant activity. To maximize its value, further study into other parts of the plant is recommended.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The following research presents a simple, fast, accurate and sensitive visible spectrophotometric method for the estimation of voglibose using potassium ferricyanide-Fe(III) as a reagent. It was determined that a reduction to Fe(II) was carried out from Fe(III) using voglibose with the formation of a Prussian blue colored solution as K-Fe (III) [Fe (II) (CN)6] in which the λmax was found at 775 nm. To verify the analytical approach, i.e. simplicity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ , a study was conducted from the parameters established according to the ICH guideline. Drug exhibited distinct λmax in Ferric chloride, Potassium ferricyanide at 775 nm. Linearity was observed with a 1-5 µg/mL range of concentration with correlation coefficient (r2) 0.999.The estimated amount of drug in tablets is in good-agreement as per the claims written on the label. This technique is statistically validated as well as the recovery percentage of the drug by visible spectrophotometric method was found to be 98.5%-100.7%. The proposed methodology followed to estimate the Voglibose in bulk and dosage form in tablet is economical and sensitive.
{"title":"A novel spectrophotometric method for the determination of voglibose in pharmaceuticals using potassium ferricyanide-Fe (III) as chromogenic agent","authors":"Cheepurupalli Prasad, Navya Durgasri Kondeti, Sai Priya, Divya Kona, Satish Kasagani, Soniya Karaku, Vahila Kollati, Kollabathula Prasad, Cheepurupalli","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0246","url":null,"abstract":"The following research presents a simple, fast, accurate and sensitive visible spectrophotometric method for the estimation of voglibose using potassium ferricyanide-Fe(III) as a reagent. It was determined that a reduction to Fe(II) was carried out from Fe(III) using voglibose with the formation of a Prussian blue colored solution as K-Fe (III) [Fe (II) (CN)6] in which the λmax was found at 775 nm. To verify the analytical approach, i.e. simplicity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ , a study was conducted from the parameters established according to the ICH guideline. Drug exhibited distinct λmax in Ferric chloride, Potassium ferricyanide at 775 nm. Linearity was observed with a 1-5 µg/mL range of concentration with correlation coefficient (r2) 0.999.The estimated amount of drug in tablets is in good-agreement as per the claims written on the label. This technique is statistically validated as well as the recovery percentage of the drug by visible spectrophotometric method was found to be 98.5%-100.7%. The proposed methodology followed to estimate the Voglibose in bulk and dosage form in tablet is economical and sensitive.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"4 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141796088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0239
Edwin Widodo, Icha N.I. Afida, Lia Dia Farida, E. Norahmawati, S. Permana, A. Endharti
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematopoietic malignancy characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. The standard chemotherapy in treating AML cases is anthracycline, including doxorubicin; however, it could cause severe side effects if administered continuously at high doses, making it less tolerable for some patients. Evodia suaveolens, a herbal medicine, is known to contain active compounds and anti-cancer activities, which could inhibit cancer cell proliferation. This study aims to determine the combined effect of doxorubicin and Evodia suaveolens on inhibiting the G2/M cell cycle phase and proliferation in AML cells. This experimental study used HL-60 cells which were divided into six treatment groups: K- (control), K+ (doxorubicin 0.2 µg/mL), D1-D3 (combination of doxorubicin 0.2 µg/mL and Evodia suaveolens leaf extract with concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mg/mL) and D4 (Evodia suaveolens leaf extract 0.8 mg/mL). The findings indicated that the G2/M phase of the cell cycle was most effectively inhibited at the D3 dose (doxorubicin at 0.2 µg/mL combined with Evodia suaveolens leaf extract at 0.8 mg/mL), which also significantly reduced cell proliferation. Consequently, this study concludes that the combination of doxorubicin and Evodia suaveolens effectively inhibits the G2/M cell cycle phase and proliferation in AML cells.
{"title":"Therapeutic potential of doxorubicin and Evodia suaveolens leaves extract in targeting cell cycle arrest and proliferation on acute myeloid leukemia in vitro","authors":"Edwin Widodo, Icha N.I. Afida, Lia Dia Farida, E. Norahmawati, S. Permana, A. Endharti","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.1.0239","url":null,"abstract":"Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematopoietic malignancy characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. The standard chemotherapy in treating AML cases is anthracycline, including doxorubicin; however, it could cause severe side effects if administered continuously at high doses, making it less tolerable for some patients. Evodia suaveolens, a herbal medicine, is known to contain active compounds and anti-cancer activities, which could inhibit cancer cell proliferation. This study aims to determine the combined effect of doxorubicin and Evodia suaveolens on inhibiting the G2/M cell cycle phase and proliferation in AML cells. This experimental study used HL-60 cells which were divided into six treatment groups: K- (control), K+ (doxorubicin 0.2 µg/mL), D1-D3 (combination of doxorubicin 0.2 µg/mL and Evodia suaveolens leaf extract with concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mg/mL) and D4 (Evodia suaveolens leaf extract 0.8 mg/mL). The findings indicated that the G2/M phase of the cell cycle was most effectively inhibited at the D3 dose (doxorubicin at 0.2 µg/mL combined with Evodia suaveolens leaf extract at 0.8 mg/mL), which also significantly reduced cell proliferation. Consequently, this study concludes that the combination of doxorubicin and Evodia suaveolens effectively inhibits the G2/M cell cycle phase and proliferation in AML cells.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141796124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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