Pub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0023
Yogesh N Sonawane, Megha P Yeole, Piyush V Wagh, Mayuri A Sarode, Sagar A Sarode, Parag R Patil
These days, one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases is diabetes mellitus. It has an impact on people worldwide of all ages and their families, and it heavily strains national budgets and healthcare systems. In the short term, implementing a comprehensive healthcare management program for individuals with diabetes can result in significant improvements in clinical outcomes and costs. Millions of people throughout the world suffer from diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic illness. To avoid complications and enhance the quality of life for those with diabetes, management is crucial. The two main methods used to treat diabetes are Ayurveda, an ancient system of traditional medicine, and Allopathy, a conventional medical system. The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast these two methods for treating diabetes. The study includes a thorough analysis of the research on diabetes treatment in allopathy and ayurveda, as well as clinical studies and expert opinions.
{"title":"Comparative study of allopathy and ayurveda for treatment of diabetes mellitus","authors":"Yogesh N Sonawane, Megha P Yeole, Piyush V Wagh, Mayuri A Sarode, Sagar A Sarode, Parag R Patil","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0023","url":null,"abstract":"These days, one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases is diabetes mellitus. It has an impact on people worldwide of all ages and their families, and it heavily strains national budgets and healthcare systems. In the short term, implementing a comprehensive healthcare management program for individuals with diabetes can result in significant improvements in clinical outcomes and costs. Millions of people throughout the world suffer from diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic illness. To avoid complications and enhance the quality of life for those with diabetes, management is crucial. The two main methods used to treat diabetes are Ayurveda, an ancient system of traditional medicine, and Allopathy, a conventional medical system. The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast these two methods for treating diabetes. The study includes a thorough analysis of the research on diabetes treatment in allopathy and ayurveda, as well as clinical studies and expert opinions.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139591809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0010
Tin Cheung, Bisrat Hailemeskel, Fekadu Fullas
An online survey was conducted among 35 pharmacy students as part of a Drug Informatics mandatory 2-credit hour course given to first-year professional pharmacy students at Howard University College of Pharmacy. The survey investigated the knowledge and opinions of the students on the use of aloe vera juice, slippery elm, ginger tea, and chamomile tea for treating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Demographic data indicated that most survey participants (77.5%) were female and 90% were in the age range 18-30 years. The primary residence of about 58% of the students was in the District of Columbia-Maryland-Virginia (DMV) area. Work experience prior to joining the College of Pharmacy varied from none to five or more years. About 66.7% had a Bachelor’s degree. Each student of the class of 2027 was asked two sets each of five questions, one set comprising knowledge-based questions, and the other comprising opinion-based questions. An average of about 53.5% of the survey respondents answered the knowledge-based questions correctly. The highest correct response rate was 80%, while the lowest was 20%. For the opinion-based questions, an average of about 77.5% of the respondents demonstrated a positive attitude, with the highest being for aloe vera at 85.7% in treating GERD. Strong disagreement was minimal, ranging from 0.0% to 8.6%.
{"title":"A survey on the treatment of GERD with aloe vera juice, slippery elm, ginger tea, and chamomile tea","authors":"Tin Cheung, Bisrat Hailemeskel, Fekadu Fullas","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0010","url":null,"abstract":"An online survey was conducted among 35 pharmacy students as part of a Drug Informatics mandatory 2-credit hour course given to first-year professional pharmacy students at Howard University College of Pharmacy. The survey investigated the knowledge and opinions of the students on the use of aloe vera juice, slippery elm, ginger tea, and chamomile tea for treating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Demographic data indicated that most survey participants (77.5%) were female and 90% were in the age range 18-30 years. The primary residence of about 58% of the students was in the District of Columbia-Maryland-Virginia (DMV) area. Work experience prior to joining the College of Pharmacy varied from none to five or more years. About 66.7% had a Bachelor’s degree. Each student of the class of 2027 was asked two sets each of five questions, one set comprising knowledge-based questions, and the other comprising opinion-based questions. An average of about 53.5% of the survey respondents answered the knowledge-based questions correctly. The highest correct response rate was 80%, while the lowest was 20%. For the opinion-based questions, an average of about 77.5% of the respondents demonstrated a positive attitude, with the highest being for aloe vera at 85.7% in treating GERD. Strong disagreement was minimal, ranging from 0.0% to 8.6%.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139591607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0544
Umakanthan T., Madhu Mathi, Umadevi U.
Clinical dose reduction is achieved through potentiation, which is the process used to manufacture homeopathic medicine with varying potencies. In this study, we used 2–6 µm mid-infrared wavelength radiation to further amplify commercially available homeopathic medicines, such as thuja (Thuja occidentalis), a medication frequently used for a variety of ailments. We invented an emitter called MIRGA (mid-infrared generating atomizer) for potentiation purpose. The benefits of mid-IR potentiation include a reduction of the clinical dose, host stress, and resource and cost savings. The effects of irradiation on Thuja in chemical bond alterations and configurations are proven here by scientific instrumentations.
{"title":"Potentiation of a homeopathic medicine – Thuja – using mid-infrared rays","authors":"Umakanthan T., Madhu Mathi, Umadevi U.","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0544","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical dose reduction is achieved through potentiation, which is the process used to manufacture homeopathic medicine with varying potencies. In this study, we used 2–6 µm mid-infrared wavelength radiation to further amplify commercially available homeopathic medicines, such as thuja (Thuja occidentalis), a medication frequently used for a variety of ailments. We invented an emitter called MIRGA (mid-infrared generating atomizer) for potentiation purpose. The benefits of mid-IR potentiation include a reduction of the clinical dose, host stress, and resource and cost savings. The effects of irradiation on Thuja in chemical bond alterations and configurations are proven here by scientific instrumentations.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139591710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of solar radiation are not always beneficial. As one of the risk factors for the occurrence of melanomas, unnecessary exposure to UV rays must be the subject of public awareness. In this paper, the sun protection product will be described widely to understand their place in photoprotection strategy.
{"title":"Place of sun protection products in the photoprotection strategy","authors":"Hichem NAAS, Sarra MEHENNAOUI, Insaf KARTOBI, Lina Samira MECHERNENE","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0545","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of solar radiation are not always beneficial. As one of the risk factors for the occurrence of melanomas, unnecessary exposure to UV rays must be the subject of public awareness. In this paper, the sun protection product will be described widely to understand their place in photoprotection strategy.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139591569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0541
Chiedozie Onyejiaka Ibegbulem, Chidi Uzoma Igwe, Shirley James Demason
Relationship between consumption of green tea infusion and faecal nutrient content was studied. Twelve male Wistar rats (aged 10 to 12 weeks and weighed 87 to 120 g) were divided into two groups of six rats each. The control group was placed on tap water, while the test group was placed on green tea infusion (0.20 g/50 ml) daily as the only source of fluid; for 28 days. Both groups consumed rat feed ad libitum. Phytochemicals detected in the infusion were tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids and phytosterols. The infusion increased test animals’ appetite for food (% coefficient of variation, % CV = 5.44) but decreased their appetite for the infusion (% CV = 72.41). Animals placed on the infusion (test group) did not gain more weight (% CV = 3.86) nor had better feed conversion ratio (% CV = 1.41). Faecal ash and fibre contents were not affected by tea consumption (% CV = 3.38 and 2.03, respectively). Control rats lost more carbohydrate and moisture (% CV = 27.58 and 9.58, respectively) but test rats lost more protein and lipids. Energy lost by test rats through faecal matter was not appreciably higher (101.31 vs 96.24 kcal/ 100 g sample; % CV = 2.56). Loss of certain nutrients in the test rats may have been triggered by the inhibitory action of polyphenols such as tannins present in the infusion on their digestive enzymes. In conclusion, the tea infusion elicited increased feacal excretion of proteins and lipids in treated animals.
{"title":"Consumption of green tea infusion causes loss of nutrients through faeces in Wistar rats","authors":"Chiedozie Onyejiaka Ibegbulem, Chidi Uzoma Igwe, Shirley James Demason","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0541","url":null,"abstract":"Relationship between consumption of green tea infusion and faecal nutrient content was studied. Twelve male Wistar rats (aged 10 to 12 weeks and weighed 87 to 120 g) were divided into two groups of six rats each. The control group was placed on tap water, while the test group was placed on green tea infusion (0.20 g/50 ml) daily as the only source of fluid; for 28 days. Both groups consumed rat feed ad libitum. Phytochemicals detected in the infusion were tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids and phytosterols. The infusion increased test animals’ appetite for food (% coefficient of variation, % CV = 5.44) but decreased their appetite for the infusion (% CV = 72.41). Animals placed on the infusion (test group) did not gain more weight (% CV = 3.86) nor had better feed conversion ratio (% CV = 1.41). Faecal ash and fibre contents were not affected by tea consumption (% CV = 3.38 and 2.03, respectively). Control rats lost more carbohydrate and moisture (% CV = 27.58 and 9.58, respectively) but test rats lost more protein and lipids. Energy lost by test rats through faecal matter was not appreciably higher (101.31 vs 96.24 kcal/ 100 g sample; % CV = 2.56). Loss of certain nutrients in the test rats may have been triggered by the inhibitory action of polyphenols such as tannins present in the infusion on their digestive enzymes. In conclusion, the tea infusion elicited increased feacal excretion of proteins and lipids in treated animals.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139591272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ingesting tainted food is one of the methods of microbe transmission to humans. Most people in Bangladesh consume cheap foods prepared by unlicensed vendors. A total of 18 samples, including fuchka, chola, sugarcane juice, and other products, were randomly collected and analyzed for bacterial contamination. Each and every sample examined found to be contaminated with a variety of bacterial species. The total viable count (TVC) in different street food samples ranged from 0.45×103 CFU/g to 3.37×107CFU/g. Resistance to Imipenem, Meropenem, and Amikacin was quite low in Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Vibrio spp., Staphylococcus aureus. Higher resistance to azithromycin and ciprofloxacin have been observed, and S. aureus exhibited a 67% resistance to methicillin. According to this study, Dhaka's street food in Bangladesh contains potentially pathogenic microorganisms. This necessitates careful observation of the microbiological safety of street food, and campaigns should be launched to educate the public about the poor and unhygienic quality of street food available in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
{"title":"Microbial characterization of street food collected from Dhaka city, Bangladesh","authors":"Robeul Islam, Avijit Banik, Hasnain Anjum, Md. Iqbal Hossain, Rafsan Abir","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0538","url":null,"abstract":"Ingesting tainted food is one of the methods of microbe transmission to humans. Most people in Bangladesh consume cheap foods prepared by unlicensed vendors. A total of 18 samples, including fuchka, chola, sugarcane juice, and other products, were randomly collected and analyzed for bacterial contamination. Each and every sample examined found to be contaminated with a variety of bacterial species. The total viable count (TVC) in different street food samples ranged from 0.45×103 CFU/g to 3.37×107CFU/g. Resistance to Imipenem, Meropenem, and Amikacin was quite low in Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Vibrio spp., Staphylococcus aureus. Higher resistance to azithromycin and ciprofloxacin have been observed, and S. aureus exhibited a 67% resistance to methicillin. According to this study, Dhaka's street food in Bangladesh contains potentially pathogenic microorganisms. This necessitates careful observation of the microbiological safety of street food, and campaigns should be launched to educate the public about the poor and unhygienic quality of street food available in Dhaka, Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"3 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139591508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indiscriminate exposure of humans to heavy metal contamination via occupation and enviro nmental pollution has been reported with its attendant health burdens including genetic mutation and cancer. This study examined effect of dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) a metal chelator against lead-induced mutagenicity in mice and resultant effect on proper formation of erythrocyte cells. Lead acetate (2.5 mg/kg b.wt) and DMSA (25 mg/kg b.wt) were fed to the mice via oral gavage for 14 consecutive days. Clastogenic effects were observed in the bone marrow cells using micronucleus assay while activity of gamma glutamyl transferase (ý-GT) in both serum and liver was evaluated and the hematologic state of the mice was also monitored. The results obtained indicate that group B animals fed with lead acetate only, significantly (P<0.05) induced the formation of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (mPCEs) in bone marrow of mice compared with control. However, in group C animals fed simultaneously with lead acetate and DMSA, the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was significantly (P<0.05) reduced while there was marked reduction in levels of hematologic parameters in group D animals. Results from enzyme assay showed that treatment with DMSA resulted in decrease activities for both liver and serum gamma glutamyl transferase with highest mean values of 5.02 U/L and 4.38 U/L respectively. This study underscores the cytotoxicity of lead acetate and ameliorative effect of DMSA with great respite from organic alternative therapy.
据报道，人类因职业和环境污染而不加区分地接触重金属污染，随之而来的健康负担包括基因突变和癌症。本研究考察了金属螯合剂二巯基丁二酸（DMSA）对铅诱导的小鼠诱变性的影响以及对红细胞正常形成的影响。连续 14 天给小鼠口服醋酸铅（2.5 毫克/千克体重）和 DMSA（25 毫克/千克体重）。使用微核试验观察骨髓细胞的致畸作用，同时评估血清和肝脏中γ-谷氨酰转移酶（ý-GT）的活性，并监测小鼠的血液学状态。结果表明，与对照组相比，只喂食醋酸铅的 B 组动物能显著（P<0.05）诱导小鼠骨髓中微核多色红细胞（mPCEs）的形成。然而，在同时喂食醋酸铅和 DMSA 的 C 组动物中，微核多色红细胞的频率显著降低（P<0.05），而在 D 组动物中，血液学参数水平明显下降。酶测定结果显示，DMSA 会导致肝脏和血清γ 谷氨酰转移酶活性降低，最高平均值分别为 5.02 U/L 和 4.38 U/L 。这项研究强调了醋酸铅的细胞毒性和 DMSA 的改善作用，对有机替代疗法大有裨益。
{"title":"Effect of dimercaptosuccinic acid against lead-induced clastogenicity and enzyme activity in mice in-vivo","authors":"Tugbobo Oladimeji Samuel, Idowu Kayode Solomon, Apata Dasola Airat","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0522","url":null,"abstract":"Indiscriminate exposure of humans to heavy metal contamination via occupation and enviro nmental pollution has been reported with its attendant health burdens including genetic mutation and cancer. This study examined effect of dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) a metal chelator against lead-induced mutagenicity in mice and resultant effect on proper formation of erythrocyte cells. Lead acetate (2.5 mg/kg b.wt) and DMSA (25 mg/kg b.wt) were fed to the mice via oral gavage for 14 consecutive days. Clastogenic effects were observed in the bone marrow cells using micronucleus assay while activity of gamma glutamyl transferase (ý-GT) in both serum and liver was evaluated and the hematologic state of the mice was also monitored. The results obtained indicate that group B animals fed with lead acetate only, significantly (P<0.05) induced the formation of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (mPCEs) in bone marrow of mice compared with control. However, in group C animals fed simultaneously with lead acetate and DMSA, the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was significantly (P<0.05) reduced while there was marked reduction in levels of hematologic parameters in group D animals. Results from enzyme assay showed that treatment with DMSA resulted in decrease activities for both liver and serum gamma glutamyl transferase with highest mean values of 5.02 U/L and 4.38 U/L respectively. This study underscores the cytotoxicity of lead acetate and ameliorative effect of DMSA with great respite from organic alternative therapy.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139591619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nauclea latifolia is a medicinal plant that is valuable and native to Africa and Asia. It has served as herbal medicine for treating different ailments and diseases. The importance of herbal plants is not just for their medicinal effects but also their nutritional value. This study determined the proximate, vitamin, and mineral compositions of N. latifolia root and leaves using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The result revealed that N. latifolia root has moisture (5.436%), ash (7.377%), crude fat (5.012%), crude fibre (4.769%), crude protein (6.30%), carbohydrate (71.106%), while the leaf contains moisture (4.127%), ash (5.998 %), crude fat (3.998 %), crude fibre (6.713 %), crude protein (11.90 %), and carbohydrates (67.264%). On the other, vitamins A, C, D and E were 28.65 mg/L, 188.165 mg/100g of extract, 42 mg/L, and 23.86 mg/L, respectively, in the root and 15.197 mg/L, 783.20 mg/100 g, 45.60 mg/L, and 14.095 mg/L, respectively in the leaves. The root and leaf mineral content ranges from 0.351 to 8.278 ppm and 0.135 to 7.988 ppm, respectively. N. latifolia root and leaves have an appreciable content of vitamins A, C, D, and E. They contain reasonable amounts of minerals like phosphorus, calcium, zinc, ıron, magnesium, sodium and potassium. They could be a good source of carbohydrates, protein, and fibre for the development of the body. Their low ash and moisture contents make their storage easy. Therefore, N. latifolia root and leaves will make a good nutrient source for the ever-growing human population
{"title":"Nutritional properties of Nauclea latifolia root and leaves","authors":"Chigozie Celestina Ezeagha, Chioma Precious Duru, Ifeyinwa Stellamaris Agbasi, Onumsinachukwu Consolata Orji, Jacinta Ogechukwu Ogbuebuna, Chinenye Henrietta Nedum, Amara Nwanyioma Anozie, Uche Maryann Chukwudulue","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Nauclea latifolia is a medicinal plant that is valuable and native to Africa and Asia. It has served as herbal medicine for treating different ailments and diseases. The importance of herbal plants is not just for their medicinal effects but also their nutritional value. This study determined the proximate, vitamin, and mineral compositions of N. latifolia root and leaves using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The result revealed that N. latifolia root has moisture (5.436%), ash (7.377%), crude fat (5.012%), crude fibre (4.769%), crude protein (6.30%), carbohydrate (71.106%), while the leaf contains moisture (4.127%), ash (5.998 %), crude fat (3.998 %), crude fibre (6.713 %), crude protein (11.90 %), and carbohydrates (67.264%). On the other, vitamins A, C, D and E were 28.65 mg/L, 188.165 mg/100g of extract, 42 mg/L, and 23.86 mg/L, respectively, in the root and 15.197 mg/L, 783.20 mg/100 g, 45.60 mg/L, and 14.095 mg/L, respectively in the leaves. The root and leaf mineral content ranges from 0.351 to 8.278 ppm and 0.135 to 7.988 ppm, respectively. N. latifolia root and leaves have an appreciable content of vitamins A, C, D, and E. They contain reasonable amounts of minerals like phosphorus, calcium, zinc, ıron, magnesium, sodium and potassium. They could be a good source of carbohydrates, protein, and fibre for the development of the body. Their low ash and moisture contents make their storage easy. Therefore, N. latifolia root and leaves will make a good nutrient source for the ever-growing human population","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"8 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139591647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0002
Mwanzo Wavindu, Edith B. Mouafo Tamnou, Ildephonse Soly Kamwira, Rosanne M. Ngome, Paul Alain Nana, Geneviève Bricheux, Maximilienne A. Nyegue, Télesphore Sime-Ngando, Moïse Nola
Little is known about the variation of the antibiotic susceptibility of different bacterial strains of the same cells species, isolated from different aquatic environments. The present study aims to evaluate the susceptibility towards some 3rd generation cephalosporins (Ceftriaxon, Ceftazidim and Cefotaxim) and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, of Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from groundwater, stream, hospital wastewater and slaughterhouse wastewater. Enterobacteria species were isolated on Mac Conkey agar, then identified using enzymatic and MALDI-TOF MS system. The antimicrobial susceptibility was carried out using the disk diffusion method. The antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were carried using the VITEK®2 system. Bacterial species mostly identified were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Ewingelia americana. The antibiotic inhibition diameters and the MICs varied depending on the antibiotics, bacterial species and type of aquatic environment hosting the microorganism. Relatively lower MICs were recorded with Cefotaxim against different bacteria in slaughterhouse wastewater, in river water and in well water. Antibiotic resistance was noted with all strains from hospital wastewater. Significant differences (P˂0.05) amongst antibiotic inhibition diameter was noted for K. pneumoniae and S. typhi in most cases. The relative variations in the action mechanisms amongst antibiotics and the intrinsic defense potential of each bacterial strain, as well as the potential influence of the physicochemical properties of each water medium, could partly be at the origin of the relative differences observed at the phenotypic level. It seems necessary to explore the diversity, similarities and differences amongst antibiotic resistance genes in these different types of aquatic biotopes.
人们对从不同水生环境中分离出来的同一细胞物种的不同细菌菌株对抗生素的敏感性差异知之甚少。本研究旨在评估从地下水、溪流、医院废水和屠宰场废水中分离出的肠杆菌科菌株对一些第三代头孢菌素（头孢曲松、头孢噻啶和头孢他啶）和阿莫西林/克拉维酸的敏感性。在麦康凯琼脂上分离出肠杆菌属菌种，然后使用酶法和 MALDI-TOF MS 系统进行鉴定。抗菌药敏感性采用盘扩散法进行测定。抗生素最低抑菌浓度（MICs）采用 VITEK®2 系统进行测定。鉴定出的细菌种类主要有肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、伤寒沙门氏菌和美洲鞘氨醇杆菌。抗生素抑菌直径和 MICs 因抗生素、细菌种类和微生物栖息的水生环境类型而异。在屠宰场废水、河水和井水中，头孢他啶对不同细菌的 MIC 值相对较低。医院废水中的所有菌株都出现了抗生素耐药性。在大多数情况下，肺炎克氏菌和伤寒杆菌的抗生素抑菌直径存在显著差异（P˂0.05）。抗生素之间作用机制的相对差异和每种细菌菌株的内在防御潜力，以及每种水介质理化性质的潜在影响，可能是在表型水平上观察到的相对差异的部分原因。看来有必要探索这些不同类型水生生物群落中抗生素抗性基因的多样性、相似性和差异性。
{"title":"Susceptibility of some Enterobacteriaceae isolated from 4 different aquatic environments in DR Congo (Central Africa), to Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid and some 3rd generation Cephalosporins","authors":"Mwanzo Wavindu, Edith B. Mouafo Tamnou, Ildephonse Soly Kamwira, Rosanne M. Ngome, Paul Alain Nana, Geneviève Bricheux, Maximilienne A. Nyegue, Télesphore Sime-Ngando, Moïse Nola","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Little is known about the variation of the antibiotic susceptibility of different bacterial strains of the same cells species, isolated from different aquatic environments. The present study aims to evaluate the susceptibility towards some 3rd generation cephalosporins (Ceftriaxon, Ceftazidim and Cefotaxim) and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, of Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from groundwater, stream, hospital wastewater and slaughterhouse wastewater. Enterobacteria species were isolated on Mac Conkey agar, then identified using enzymatic and MALDI-TOF MS system. The antimicrobial susceptibility was carried out using the disk diffusion method. The antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were carried using the VITEK®2 system. Bacterial species mostly identified were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Ewingelia americana. The antibiotic inhibition diameters and the MICs varied depending on the antibiotics, bacterial species and type of aquatic environment hosting the microorganism. Relatively lower MICs were recorded with Cefotaxim against different bacteria in slaughterhouse wastewater, in river water and in well water. Antibiotic resistance was noted with all strains from hospital wastewater. Significant differences (P˂0.05) amongst antibiotic inhibition diameter was noted for K. pneumoniae and S. typhi in most cases. The relative variations in the action mechanisms amongst antibiotics and the intrinsic defense potential of each bacterial strain, as well as the potential influence of the physicochemical properties of each water medium, could partly be at the origin of the relative differences observed at the phenotypic level. It seems necessary to explore the diversity, similarities and differences amongst antibiotic resistance genes in these different types of aquatic biotopes.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"7 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139591772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0552
Rodrigo Chico-Merino, Antonio Rosales-López, Joel L. Terán, Alan Carrasco-Carballo
In this paper we present an in silico studies of new biological active of 2,5-Diketopiperazines candidates, from Marine Organisms to neurodegenerative diseases particular for the neurodegenerative central nervous system to Alzheimer's, Huntington and Parkinson’s diseases. A total of 35 DKPs were studied, by structural similarity analysis obtained MAO-A/B, β/γ-Secretase, COX-1/2 enzymes targets obtained, to continue molecular docking studies compared to endogenous substrates and reference inhibitors, finding a multitarget potential to increase dopamine levels and decrease β-amyloid and PGE2 levels, which makes them excellent molecules for studies against neurodegenerative diseases. DKP4, DKP23 and DKP25 as inhibitors of the 6 enzymes and DKP15, DKP19, DKP21, DKP26 and DKP33 for β-Secretease specifically, the rest with multitarget potential, denoting that the DKP ring serves as a base to generate multitarget or unitarget compounds through modifications in substituents. Finally, DKPs present low bioaccumulation in the body, no toxicity, high feasibility of crossing hematoencephalic membrane and activity on the CNS, which makes them an interesting set of molecules for the search for alternatives against neurodegenerative diseases.
{"title":"In silico approach of 2,5-Diketopiperazines from marine organisms to neurodegenerative diseases","authors":"Rodrigo Chico-Merino, Antonio Rosales-López, Joel L. Terán, Alan Carrasco-Carballo","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.1.0552","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present an in silico studies of new biological active of 2,5-Diketopiperazines candidates, from Marine Organisms to neurodegenerative diseases particular for the neurodegenerative central nervous system to Alzheimer's, Huntington and Parkinson’s diseases. A total of 35 DKPs were studied, by structural similarity analysis obtained MAO-A/B, β/γ-Secretase, COX-1/2 enzymes targets obtained, to continue molecular docking studies compared to endogenous substrates and reference inhibitors, finding a multitarget potential to increase dopamine levels and decrease β-amyloid and PGE2 levels, which makes them excellent molecules for studies against neurodegenerative diseases. DKP4, DKP23 and DKP25 as inhibitors of the 6 enzymes and DKP15, DKP19, DKP21, DKP26 and DKP33 for β-Secretease specifically, the rest with multitarget potential, denoting that the DKP ring serves as a base to generate multitarget or unitarget compounds through modifications in substituents. Finally, DKPs present low bioaccumulation in the body, no toxicity, high feasibility of crossing hematoencephalic membrane and activity on the CNS, which makes them an interesting set of molecules for the search for alternatives against neurodegenerative diseases.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139591910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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