Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.21285/2686-9993-2023-46-1-20-35
A. Yannikov, A. S. Struchkova, A. Korepanov
The Noyabrsky site is used for the injection of highly mineralized drainage waters formed during the development of the Aikhal kimberlite pipe (Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia). The water injected into the wells of the site since 2013 has formed a localized intrapermafrost technogenic aquifer. Taking into account the porosity parameters of the formed permafrost reservoirs, as well as the confirmed useful capacity of the site, its operation is planned to continue until 2044 at the very least. Despite relatively small injection volumes (up to 430 m3/day), forecasting dynamical changes in the hydrodynamic regime of the technogenic water horizon is a challenging task, which is of significant practical importance for the provision of environmental and industrial safety. The assessment of the anthropogenic impact, as well as the subsequent forecasting of the hydrodynamic regime dynamics within the Noyabrsky site, were carried out by modeling methods in the Modflow software. The brine lens formed today is characterized by uneven porosity parameters, which is due to the peculiarities of heat and mass transfer when using permafrost for drainage water injection. Based on the results of predictive modeling a conclusion can be derived that the use of the method of Aikhal mine drainage water injection into the permafrost strata at the Noyabrsky site allows to reduce the influence degree of mining and production operations on the geological environment of the studied area through its localization on an intentionally limited, relatively small area, where injection is carried out, as well as on the environment, by preventing drainage brines from entering surface waters until 2044.
{"title":"Modeling hydrodynamic regime of the technogenic aquifer within the Noyabrsky site of the Aikhal mine","authors":"A. Yannikov, A. S. Struchkova, A. Korepanov","doi":"10.21285/2686-9993-2023-46-1-20-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2023-46-1-20-35","url":null,"abstract":"The Noyabrsky site is used for the injection of highly mineralized drainage waters formed during the development of the Aikhal kimberlite pipe (Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia). The water injected into the wells of the site since 2013 has formed a localized intrapermafrost technogenic aquifer. Taking into account the porosity parameters of the formed permafrost reservoirs, as well as the confirmed useful capacity of the site, its operation is planned to continue until 2044 at the very least. Despite relatively small injection volumes (up to 430 m3/day), forecasting dynamical changes in the hydrodynamic regime of the technogenic water horizon is a challenging task, which is of significant practical importance for the provision of environmental and industrial safety. The assessment of the anthropogenic impact, as well as the subsequent forecasting of the hydrodynamic regime dynamics within the Noyabrsky site, were carried out by modeling methods in the Modflow software. The brine lens formed today is characterized by uneven porosity parameters, which is due to the peculiarities of heat and mass transfer when using permafrost for drainage water injection. Based on the results of predictive modeling a conclusion can be derived that the use of the method of Aikhal mine drainage water injection into the permafrost strata at the Noyabrsky site allows to reduce the influence degree of mining and production operations on the geological environment of the studied area through its localization on an intentionally limited, relatively small area, where injection is carried out, as well as on the environment, by preventing drainage brines from entering surface waters until 2044.","PeriodicalId":128080,"journal":{"name":"Earth sciences and subsoil use","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134351584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.21285/2686-9993-2023-46-1-51-60
A. A. Yakovleva, E. A. Guseva, M. Konstantinova
The study is aimed at a more detailed determination of the thermal properties of Baikal region sands and establishment of their dependence on geological and mineralogical characteristics in order to assess the possibility of using this raw material in the food industry. The objects of the study are sands sampled on the southwestern coast of Lake Baikal. The subject of the study is the mineralogical composition of sand, its grain size composition and heat capacity. The mineral composition of sand samples and their crystal structure were studied using the method of X-ray phase analysis. A standard sieve analysis method was used for granulometric estimation of sands. The average heat capacity of sand samples was determined by the mixing method. Based on the analysis of the obtained X-ray diffraction patterns, the mineralogical composition of the studied samples was determined. It was found that quartz predominates in their composition since its percentage in samples amounts to 40–60 %. The proportion of such minerals as albite and anorthoclase is 15–30 % in different samples. Less than 5 % in each sample accounts for dickite and indialite. The presence of the mineral of anthophyllite has been found only in one sample in the amount of about 9 %. The results of granulometric composition determination show that a fraction, which accounts for 70–90 %, can be isolated in most samples. The sample from the town of Slyudyanka was the only one where the fractions of different sizes were present in approximately equal amounts. For this sample, the dependence of heat capacity on the grain size was determined. In other samples, the difference in certain heat capacity values correlated well with their mineralogical composition. The results of the conducted studies and their analysis allow to conclude that Slyudyanka and Baikalsk sands are the most attractive sands in terms of high heat capacity. The sand with the grain size from 0.125 to 0.25 mm is found to be the most suitable for the use as a thermal storage medium. This fraction is predominant in the sand of the town of Baikalsk.
{"title":"Studying Baikal region sand properties","authors":"A. A. Yakovleva, E. A. Guseva, M. Konstantinova","doi":"10.21285/2686-9993-2023-46-1-51-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2023-46-1-51-60","url":null,"abstract":"The study is aimed at a more detailed determination of the thermal properties of Baikal region sands and establishment of their dependence on geological and mineralogical characteristics in order to assess the possibility of using this raw material in the food industry. The objects of the study are sands sampled on the southwestern coast of Lake Baikal. The subject of the study is the mineralogical composition of sand, its grain size composition and heat capacity. The mineral composition of sand samples and their crystal structure were studied using the method of X-ray phase analysis. A standard sieve analysis method was used for granulometric estimation of sands. The average heat capacity of sand samples was determined by the mixing method. Based on the analysis of the obtained X-ray diffraction patterns, the mineralogical composition of the studied samples was determined. It was found that quartz predominates in their composition since its percentage in samples amounts to 40–60 %. The proportion of such minerals as albite and anorthoclase is 15–30 % in different samples. Less than 5 % in each sample accounts for dickite and indialite. The presence of the mineral of anthophyllite has been found only in one sample in the amount of about 9 %. The results of granulometric composition determination show that a fraction, which accounts for 70–90 %, can be isolated in most samples. The sample from the town of Slyudyanka was the only one where the fractions of different sizes were present in approximately equal amounts. For this sample, the dependence of heat capacity on the grain size was determined. In other samples, the difference in certain heat capacity values correlated well with their mineralogical composition. The results of the conducted studies and their analysis allow to conclude that Slyudyanka and Baikalsk sands are the most attractive sands in terms of high heat capacity. The sand with the grain size from 0.125 to 0.25 mm is found to be the most suitable for the use as a thermal storage medium. This fraction is predominant in the sand of the town of Baikalsk.","PeriodicalId":128080,"journal":{"name":"Earth sciences and subsoil use","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134641797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.21285/2686-9993-2023-46-1-72-83
Residual stresses in metal structures of mining machinery caused by welding occur due to simultaneous uneven heating and cooling of local sections of structures, variable cooling rates in the different areas of the weld and deformations caused by metallurgical phase transformations. Residual stress in the welded joint can significantly increase the external load that can lead to structural failure. Research on the calculation, measurement and relief of residual stresses under welding is an important issue when predicting the service life of metal structure units of mining machinery and equipment. An accurate quantitative estimation of residual stresses in welded products, repair welds included, as well as the search for the fundamental principles of the elimination methods of residual deformations are of considerable practical interest, which is relevant for the authors of this paper. The study involved a general review of the latest researches in the field of estimation and measurement of residual stresses caused by electrogas welding. It has been proposed to use various techniques and analytical methods for quantitative estimation of welded joint residual stresses on the basis of fracture mechanics, which enabled to take preventative measures at early stages to reduce the cost of repair and maintenance of welded metal structures of mining excavators. The conducted study resulted in formulating the proposals on relief of residual welding stresses in the metal structures of mining excavators.
{"title":"Methods to reduce residual welding stresses in mining excavator metal structures","authors":"","doi":"10.21285/2686-9993-2023-46-1-72-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2023-46-1-72-83","url":null,"abstract":"Residual stresses in metal structures of mining machinery caused by welding occur due to simultaneous uneven heating and cooling of local sections of structures, variable cooling rates in the different areas of the weld and deformations caused by metallurgical phase transformations. Residual stress in the welded joint can significantly increase the external load that can lead to structural failure. Research on the calculation, measurement and relief of residual stresses under welding is an important issue when predicting the service life of metal structure units of mining machinery and equipment. An accurate quantitative estimation of residual stresses in welded products, repair welds included, as well as the search for the fundamental principles of the elimination methods of residual deformations are of considerable practical interest, which is relevant for the authors of this paper. The study involved a general review of the latest researches in the field of estimation and measurement of residual stresses caused by electrogas welding. It has been proposed to use various techniques and analytical methods for quantitative estimation of welded joint residual stresses on the basis of fracture mechanics, which enabled to take preventative measures at early stages to reduce the cost of repair and maintenance of welded metal structures of mining excavators. The conducted study resulted in formulating the proposals on relief of residual welding stresses in the metal structures of mining excavators.","PeriodicalId":128080,"journal":{"name":"Earth sciences and subsoil use","volume":"259 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129812071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-09DOI: 10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-4-458-468
S. Prokopiev
The purpose of the study is to collect data and analyze modern development trends of gravity concentration technologies and equipment for coal sludge enrichment. Conducted generalization and analysis of scientific and technical information allowed to state that some attempts have been made recently to enrich coal slimes using mainly gravity concentration methods. Each of these methods involves a number of processes based on general physical and physicochemical properties serving the criteria for material separation as well as on the differently applied additional separating forces and machinery and apparatus designs. The latter include heavy-media cyclones, spiral separators, hydrosizers, concentration tables and wash boxes. The author considers the operation principle of the listed gravity equipment, demonstrates the advantages and disadvantages of each of the apparatuses. The data given indicate that, modern gravity equipment used for coal sludge enrichment features satisfactory indicators of the average probable deviation. To identify the rational topology of concentration diagrams for a particular object, the most optimal type of gravity concentration equipment or its combination is selected depending on the characteristics of the material composition. The analysis of data has shown that the most promising, highly efficient, effective, environmentally friendly and resource-saving gravity concentration method is spiral separation.
{"title":"Overview of coal sludge gravity concentration technologies","authors":"S. Prokopiev","doi":"10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-4-458-468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-4-458-468","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to collect data and analyze modern development trends of gravity concentration technologies and equipment for coal sludge enrichment. Conducted generalization and analysis of scientific and technical information allowed to state that some attempts have been made recently to enrich coal slimes using mainly gravity concentration methods. Each of these methods involves a number of processes based on general physical and physicochemical properties serving the criteria for material separation as well as on the differently applied additional separating forces and machinery and apparatus designs. The latter include heavy-media cyclones, spiral separators, hydrosizers, concentration tables and wash boxes. The author considers the operation principle of the listed gravity equipment, demonstrates the advantages and disadvantages of each of the apparatuses. The data given indicate that, modern gravity equipment used for coal sludge enrichment features satisfactory indicators of the average probable deviation. To identify the rational topology of concentration diagrams for a particular object, the most optimal type of gravity concentration equipment or its combination is selected depending on the characteristics of the material composition. The analysis of data has shown that the most promising, highly efficient, effective, environmentally friendly and resource-saving gravity concentration method is spiral separation.","PeriodicalId":128080,"journal":{"name":"Earth sciences and subsoil use","volume":"27 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128226235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-09DOI: 10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-4-436-445
N. Turetskaya, T. Chikisheva
The purpose of the presented research is to study the possibility of obtaining an additional coal product and ironcontaining concentrate from the sludge of a coal hydraulic dump. The research involved the study of the material composition of the initial sludge and technological tests. Material composition was examined using chemical, granulometric and mineralogical analyzes, the technological tests were conducted according to the gravitational-magnetic enrichment scheme. A spiral separator was used as the main enrichment equipment. Finishing operation was performed by the method of wet magnetic separation. Having studied the material composition, we determined that the initial sludge of the hydraulic dump is represented by 44.7 % of black coal and 43.32 % of brown coal. The bulk of hard coal is distributed in the size range of -2+0.25 mm and makes 51.15 %, brown coal is distributed in the size range of -2+0.25 mm in the amount of 13.32 %. The material is predominantly represented by a particle size of less than 0.25 mm with a high ash content in it. A coal concentrate with the ash content of 14.4 % was obtained as a result of technological tests. This product corresponds to the brand LFF (long-flaming fine). An iron-containing concentrate with the iron mass fraction of 64.7 % can be used in the metallurgical industry or in heavy-medium separation for coal enrichment. The study illustrates the possibility of obtaining high-quality secondary raw materials without additional mining costs using environmentally friendly technology.
{"title":"Enrichment of sludge dump coal by spiral separation","authors":"N. Turetskaya, T. Chikisheva","doi":"10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-4-436-445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-4-436-445","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the presented research is to study the possibility of obtaining an additional coal product and ironcontaining concentrate from the sludge of a coal hydraulic dump. The research involved the study of the material composition of the initial sludge and technological tests. Material composition was examined using chemical, granulometric and mineralogical analyzes, the technological tests were conducted according to the gravitational-magnetic enrichment scheme. A spiral separator was used as the main enrichment equipment. Finishing operation was performed by the method of wet magnetic separation. Having studied the material composition, we determined that the initial sludge of the hydraulic dump is represented by 44.7 % of black coal and 43.32 % of brown coal. The bulk of hard coal is distributed in the size range of -2+0.25 mm and makes 51.15 %, brown coal is distributed in the size range of -2+0.25 mm in the amount of 13.32 %. The material is predominantly represented by a particle size of less than 0.25 mm with a high ash content in it. A coal concentrate with the ash content of 14.4 % was obtained as a result of technological tests. This product corresponds to the brand LFF (long-flaming fine). An iron-containing concentrate with the iron mass fraction of 64.7 % can be used in the metallurgical industry or in heavy-medium separation for coal enrichment. The study illustrates the possibility of obtaining high-quality secondary raw materials without additional mining costs using environmentally friendly technology.","PeriodicalId":128080,"journal":{"name":"Earth sciences and subsoil use","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133581529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-09DOI: 10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-4-469-480
N. P. Soloveenko, N. M. Bolotin
The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of the problem concerning the concentration technology of wash house coal sludge, comparison of the results of sludge dump coal processing on various types of processing equipment as well as formulation of recommendations for spiral separation method application for coal sludge enrichment. The main research methods include generalization and analysis of scientific and technical information, study of the results of technological tests on spiral separation. The problem of sludge concentration is relevant due to the increase in the content of fine classes in mined coal and, consequently, in coal sludge. In real practice most of the sludge is fuel for energy. Having analyzed the experimental part of the research, the authors established the efficiency of coal and rock fraction separation using the technology of coal sludge spiral separation. The need for preliminary classification of the source material before spiral separation is determined. It is found out that spiral sludge separators have a number of technological advantages as compared to spiral mineral separators, due to a wider range of enriched material fineness. The analysis of the performed tests made it possible to establish the application prospects of the spiral separation technology in coal sludge processing. The recommendations are given on the use of spiral separators manufactured by the Research and Production Company Spirit, LLC for the enrichment of sludge products including tailings, dump sludge of the work site of the Wash House of the Branch Open Pit Cheremkhovugol of Vostsibugol Company, LLC.
{"title":"Application of spiral separation technology in coal sludge processing","authors":"N. P. Soloveenko, N. M. Bolotin","doi":"10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-4-469-480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-4-469-480","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of the problem concerning the concentration technology of wash house coal sludge, comparison of the results of sludge dump coal processing on various types of processing equipment as well as formulation of recommendations for spiral separation method application for coal sludge enrichment. The main research methods include generalization and analysis of scientific and technical information, study of the results of technological tests on spiral separation. The problem of sludge concentration is relevant due to the increase in the content of fine classes in mined coal and, consequently, in coal sludge. In real practice most of the sludge is fuel for energy. Having analyzed the experimental part of the research, the authors established the efficiency of coal and rock fraction separation using the technology of coal sludge spiral separation. The need for preliminary classification of the source material before spiral separation is determined. It is found out that spiral sludge separators have a number of technological advantages as compared to spiral mineral separators, due to a wider range of enriched material fineness. The analysis of the performed tests made it possible to establish the application prospects of the spiral separation technology in coal sludge processing. The recommendations are given on the use of spiral separators manufactured by the Research and Production Company Spirit, LLC for the enrichment of sludge products including tailings, dump sludge of the work site of the Wash House of the Branch Open Pit Cheremkhovugol of Vostsibugol Company, LLC.","PeriodicalId":128080,"journal":{"name":"Earth sciences and subsoil use","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124739914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-09DOI: 10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-4-446-457
E. Prokopiev, O. Alekseeva
The purpose of the study is investigate the possibility to obtain liquid concentration products (iron-containing and coal-containing concentrates) from the material of mature coal washing tailings. The study of the material composition of the original mature tailings was carried out using mineralogical, granulometric and chemical analyses. Technological tests were conducted according to the gravitational-magnetic concentration scheme. The spiral separator was chosen to be the main concentration equipment. Upgrading operation involved the use of wet magnetic separation. As a result, rough gravity concentrate with a mass fraction of total iron of 25.3 % was obtained. The product yield was 29.62 % with 53.15 % extraction of a valuable component into it. The output of the obtained coal-containing concentrate was 70.38 %, its ash content equaled 31.7 %. Having upgraded the primary gravity concentrate with the use of the wet magnetic separation method we obtained an iron-containing concentrate. The product yield was 0.44 % with 1.97 % extraction of a valuable component into it. The mass fraction of total iron was 63.29 %. Therefore, the article has demonstrated the potential possibility for mature tailings of coal cleaning to be involved in the processing with the production of marketable products such as iron-containing concentrate and secondary fuel in the form of coal concentrate using environmentally friendly technology, at low energy costs and without additional production costs.
{"title":"Evaluating the possibility for coal-containing waste of West Siberian Iron-and-Steel Works sludge storage to be involved in processing","authors":"E. Prokopiev, O. Alekseeva","doi":"10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-4-446-457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-4-446-457","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is investigate the possibility to obtain liquid concentration products (iron-containing and coal-containing concentrates) from the material of mature coal washing tailings. The study of the material composition of the original mature tailings was carried out using mineralogical, granulometric and chemical analyses. Technological tests were conducted according to the gravitational-magnetic concentration scheme. The spiral separator was chosen to be the main concentration equipment. Upgrading operation involved the use of wet magnetic separation. As a result, rough gravity concentrate with a mass fraction of total iron of 25.3 % was obtained. The product yield was 29.62 % with 53.15 % extraction of a valuable component into it. The output of the obtained coal-containing concentrate was 70.38 %, its ash content equaled 31.7 %. Having upgraded the primary gravity concentrate with the use of the wet magnetic separation method we obtained an iron-containing concentrate. The product yield was 0.44 % with 1.97 % extraction of a valuable component into it. The mass fraction of total iron was 63.29 %. Therefore, the article has demonstrated the potential possibility for mature tailings of coal cleaning to be involved in the processing with the production of marketable products such as iron-containing concentrate and secondary fuel in the form of coal concentrate using environmentally friendly technology, at low energy costs and without additional production costs.","PeriodicalId":128080,"journal":{"name":"Earth sciences and subsoil use","volume":"550 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131484018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-08DOI: 10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-4-408-423
Yu Miao, N. Pavlova, Dai Changlei
The purpose of the article is to study the influence features of polar-oriented slopes on the near-surface energy and hydrothermal balance in the seasonal cryolithozone. The authors carried out a complex of field observations including measurement of air and underlying surface temperature, soil moisture, solar radiation and wind speed at the hydrological stations of Songling (southern slope) and Luoguhe (northern slope) in the northeast of the Great Xing'an Mountain (China). The analysis of the data obtained allowed to conclude that, on the one hand, the long-term influence of the thermal balance components causes significant differences in the soil structure and properties on differently oriented slopes. The number of daily freeze-thaw soil cycles on the southern slope (100 cycles) significantly exceeds the ones on the northern slope (56 cycles). The soil on the southern soil is 3 °C warmer than that on the northern slope, and its humidity in the area of the Songling hydrological station is lower than that at the Luoguhe station. On the other hand, differences in soil properties control the energy exchange between the atmosphere and the earth's surface, this means that the incoming short-wave solar radiation and heat flux into the soil on the southern slope is greater than on the northern one. Therefore, slope orientation is one of the significant environmental factors affecting the influx of solar energy, temperature and humidity of the soils in the northeastern Great Xing'an Mountain. It also has a decisive role for the spatial distribution and evolution of seasonal permafrost in the region and, accordingly, affects the stability and safety of engineering structures. The performed research is important for understanding the relationship between climate and frozen soil in the mountainous areas with seasonal cryolithozone as well as for optimization of boundary conditions when modeling rock freeze-thaw processes.
{"title":"Hydrothermal conditions of southern and northern slope soils of northeastern Great Xing'an Mountain, China","authors":"Yu Miao, N. Pavlova, Dai Changlei","doi":"10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-4-408-423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-4-408-423","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to study the influence features of polar-oriented slopes on the near-surface energy and hydrothermal balance in the seasonal cryolithozone. The authors carried out a complex of field observations including measurement of air and underlying surface temperature, soil moisture, solar radiation and wind speed at the hydrological stations of Songling (southern slope) and Luoguhe (northern slope) in the northeast of the Great Xing'an Mountain (China). The analysis of the data obtained allowed to conclude that, on the one hand, the long-term influence of the thermal balance components causes significant differences in the soil structure and properties on differently oriented slopes. The number of daily freeze-thaw soil cycles on the southern slope (100 cycles) significantly exceeds the ones on the northern slope (56 cycles). The soil on the southern soil is 3 °C warmer than that on the northern slope, and its humidity in the area of the Songling hydrological station is lower than that at the Luoguhe station. On the other hand, differences in soil properties control the energy exchange between the atmosphere and the earth's surface, this means that the incoming short-wave solar radiation and heat flux into the soil on the southern slope is greater than on the northern one. Therefore, slope orientation is one of the significant environmental factors affecting the influx of solar energy, temperature and humidity of the soils in the northeastern Great Xing'an Mountain. It also has a decisive role for the spatial distribution and evolution of seasonal permafrost in the region and, accordingly, affects the stability and safety of engineering structures. The performed research is important for understanding the relationship between climate and frozen soil in the mountainous areas with seasonal cryolithozone as well as for optimization of boundary conditions when modeling rock freeze-thaw processes.","PeriodicalId":128080,"journal":{"name":"Earth sciences and subsoil use","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123546027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-08DOI: 10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-4-424-435
D. V. Lysakov
The purpose of the study is to improve the efficiency of directional drilling using continuous whipstocks in difficult mining and geological conditions. The research involves the description of mining and geological conditions featuring decreased efficiency of continuous whipstock operation as well as the reasons why the decrease is observed. It should be noted that significant problems arise when using the milling-type continuous whipstocks for sidetracking in hard rocks from the plug back total depths of cement mixtures and well deviations in the intervals of normal face weakened rocks. In this case, there is a decrease in deviation accuracy, due to the increased sinking speed that prevents curvature accumulation and which is difficult to control by the drilling mode parameters. Another problem that decreases the well deviation accuracy when using milling-type whipstocks in hard rocks is the deviation of the drift angle build up plane due to the disorienting force that occurs during milling of the borehole wall. The study briefly dwells upon the existing technologies and engineering means, the use of which is aimed at improving the whipstock performance in complex mining and geological conditions, including through the use of bits with a special design. The author has proposed and patented a series of new technical means (bits) and technological solutions that effectively deal with the drop in the performance of continuous whipstocks in the well deviated in hard rocks. Moreover, the developed means took into account the shortcomings of current technical equipment.
{"title":"Development of bits for directional drilling in complex mining and geological conditions","authors":"D. V. Lysakov","doi":"10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-4-424-435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-4-424-435","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to improve the efficiency of directional drilling using continuous whipstocks in difficult mining and geological conditions. The research involves the description of mining and geological conditions featuring decreased efficiency of continuous whipstock operation as well as the reasons why the decrease is observed. It should be noted that significant problems arise when using the milling-type continuous whipstocks for sidetracking in hard rocks from the plug back total depths of cement mixtures and well deviations in the intervals of normal face weakened rocks. In this case, there is a decrease in deviation accuracy, due to the increased sinking speed that prevents curvature accumulation and which is difficult to control by the drilling mode parameters. Another problem that decreases the well deviation accuracy when using milling-type whipstocks in hard rocks is the deviation of the drift angle build up plane due to the disorienting force that occurs during milling of the borehole wall. The study briefly dwells upon the existing technologies and engineering means, the use of which is aimed at improving the whipstock performance in complex mining and geological conditions, including through the use of bits with a special design. The author has proposed and patented a series of new technical means (bits) and technological solutions that effectively deal with the drop in the performance of continuous whipstocks in the well deviated in hard rocks. Moreover, the developed means took into account the shortcomings of current technical equipment.","PeriodicalId":128080,"journal":{"name":"Earth sciences and subsoil use","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127245559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-08DOI: 10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-4-392-407
L. S. Gatsaeva, A. Gunya, I. Kerimov
The purpose of the study is a geoecological assessment of the effect of groundwater flowing from geothermal wells through an energetically saturated coolant with its mineral component on natural and natural-economic components as well as on the structure of the entire enclosing landscape for the case of 11-T Gunyushki well of the Chechen Republic (Russia). The impact of the mineralized waters outflowing from geothermal wells on natural and natural-economic components and on the whole structure of the entire enclosing landscape is a challenging environmental problem for all oil and gas regions of Russia. Long-term outflow of thermal water from the well under consideration resulted in landscape trans-formation and suppression of the vegetation cover. Moreover, a stable source of pollution was formed in the place where untreated water from hand-crafted balneological facilities (baths, showers) was discharged that caused a radical restructuring of plant communities. The conducted research is based on the field data obtained by a team of authors on landscape mapping. Interpretation of high-resolution satellite images has shown the dynamics of landscape changes under the influence of thermal waters. The authors took water and soil samples and questioned local residents, which made it possible to adjust the scale and possibilities of using these waters. The research performed allowed to develop a physical-geographical profile, create a landscape map of the area affected by a geothermal well and an index map of the geoecological zoning of the area under investigation as well as identify the main types of the most transformed landscapes resulting from the combined impact of several anthropogenic factors (humidification and impact on the soil and vegetation cover). Conducted study has shown that more than 120 hectares of fertile lands were withdrawn from agriculture due to the anthropo-genic impact. The analysis of the index map of geoecological zoning demonstrates that 79 % of the territory is located in the zone of a weak indirect environmental impact, 7.14 % – in the zone of a strong indirect environmental impact, 13.5 % – in the zone of a strong direct environmental impact. The latter, requires reclamation in order to restore landscapes, since it undergoes desertification. Having performed a number of chemical analyses of water, the authors gave recommendations for the further use of thermal waters in the economy of the Groznensky region.
{"title":"Geoecological effects of the outflow of 11-T Gunyushki geothermal well in the territory of the Chechen Republic","authors":"L. S. Gatsaeva, A. Gunya, I. Kerimov","doi":"10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-4-392-407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-4-392-407","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is a geoecological assessment of the effect of groundwater flowing from geothermal wells through an energetically saturated coolant with its mineral component on natural and natural-economic components as well as on the structure of the entire enclosing landscape for the case of 11-T Gunyushki well of the Chechen Republic (Russia). The impact of the mineralized waters outflowing from geothermal wells on natural and natural-economic components and on the whole structure of the entire enclosing landscape is a challenging environmental problem for all oil and gas regions of Russia. Long-term outflow of thermal water from the well under consideration resulted in landscape trans-formation and suppression of the vegetation cover. Moreover, a stable source of pollution was formed in the place where untreated water from hand-crafted balneological facilities (baths, showers) was discharged that caused a radical restructuring of plant communities. The conducted research is based on the field data obtained by a team of authors on landscape mapping. Interpretation of high-resolution satellite images has shown the dynamics of landscape changes under the influence of thermal waters. The authors took water and soil samples and questioned local residents, which made it possible to adjust the scale and possibilities of using these waters. The research performed allowed to develop a physical-geographical profile, create a landscape map of the area affected by a geothermal well and an index map of the geoecological zoning of the area under investigation as well as identify the main types of the most transformed landscapes resulting from the combined impact of several anthropogenic factors (humidification and impact on the soil and vegetation cover). Conducted study has shown that more than 120 hectares of fertile lands were withdrawn from agriculture due to the anthropo-genic impact. The analysis of the index map of geoecological zoning demonstrates that 79 % of the territory is located in the zone of a weak indirect environmental impact, 7.14 % – in the zone of a strong indirect environmental impact, 13.5 % – in the zone of a strong direct environmental impact. The latter, requires reclamation in order to restore landscapes, since it undergoes desertification. Having performed a number of chemical analyses of water, the authors gave recommendations for the further use of thermal waters in the economy of the Groznensky region. ","PeriodicalId":128080,"journal":{"name":"Earth sciences and subsoil use","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124295990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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