Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-1-60-72
V. Zaitsev, A. Karpikov
The research deals with the analysis of new technologies for drilling oil and gas wells including the technology of managed pressure drilling (MPD). A consideration is given to the equipment for creating differential pressure in the wellreservoir system, which is supplied by the foreign companies Schlumberger, M-I SWACO, AKROS, etc. The analysis is given to the application of the basic complex of managed pressure drilling equipment, which includes the installation of back-pressure control, nitrogen compressor station, choke manifold, separator, rotary wellhead dock, flare tower with ignition system and hardware and software complex. The article also deals with the implementation options of the managed pressure drilling technology through the use of a sealed circulation system, which simplifies the well flushing scheme and ensures smooth adjustment of the flushing agent pressure at the bottomhole. A viable possibility of the presented basic MPD equipment and the attached software and hardware complex to determine the permissible values of reservoir fracturing pressure and formation pressure is studied in order to monitor the pressure profile in the casing annulus. It has been found that managed pressure drilling as a fundamentally new primary penetration technology for the hydrodynamic conditions of the reservoir allows to perform drilling in the zones with almost any initial absorption rate. That means that we do not stop sinking by boring (i.e. circulation) and do not increase the equivalent pressure on the horizon that depends on the equivalent circulating density. The adjustment involves the approximation of the equivalent pressure on the horizon to the formation pressure. The technological process of managed pressure drilling with the use of the discussed equipment will enable better understanding of the efficiency of this drilling technology by the drilling personnel and contribute to its more conscious application by domestic companies.
{"title":"Well drilling with combined pressure control","authors":"V. Zaitsev, A. Karpikov","doi":"10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-1-60-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-1-60-72","url":null,"abstract":"The research deals with the analysis of new technologies for drilling oil and gas wells including the technology of managed pressure drilling (MPD). A consideration is given to the equipment for creating differential pressure in the wellreservoir system, which is supplied by the foreign companies Schlumberger, M-I SWACO, AKROS, etc. The analysis is given to the application of the basic complex of managed pressure drilling equipment, which includes the installation of back-pressure control, nitrogen compressor station, choke manifold, separator, rotary wellhead dock, flare tower with ignition system and hardware and software complex. The article also deals with the implementation options of the managed pressure drilling technology through the use of a sealed circulation system, which simplifies the well flushing scheme and ensures smooth adjustment of the flushing agent pressure at the bottomhole. A viable possibility of the presented basic MPD equipment and the attached software and hardware complex to determine the permissible values of reservoir fracturing pressure and formation pressure is studied in order to monitor the pressure profile in the casing annulus. It has been found that managed pressure drilling as a fundamentally new primary penetration technology for the hydrodynamic conditions of the reservoir allows to perform drilling in the zones with almost any initial absorption rate. That means that we do not stop sinking by boring (i.e. circulation) and do not increase the equivalent pressure on the horizon that depends on the equivalent circulating density. The adjustment involves the approximation of the equivalent pressure on the horizon to the formation pressure. The technological process of managed pressure drilling with the use of the discussed equipment will enable better understanding of the efficiency of this drilling technology by the drilling personnel and contribute to its more conscious application by domestic companies.","PeriodicalId":128080,"journal":{"name":"Earth sciences and subsoil use","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126393009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-1-80-89
I. M. Azizkhonov, B. Talgamer, N. Usmonov
The purpose of the study is to assess the reliability of sampling results of concentration tailings at the experimental site of Tereklikan of Kanjol deposit (Tajikistan). The study involves the description of dredging waste and dumps of the site under investigation. The total length of the sampled interval is 12 m. It was divided into two local intervals of 4 and 6 m long according to geological features (amount of veined quartz material). Each type and component of the sampling process including the study of the mineral and chemical composition of ores is of utmost importance in the determination of the quality and quantity of the ore mass (ore), whereas the study of ore mineral and chemical composition is used during prospecting and exploration works for ore minerals (lead, zinc, tin, gold, copper, aluminum, manganese, etc.). The authors substantiate the feasibility for technogenic deposits formed under non-ferrous metals mining to be involved in operation. The methodology and channel sampling results are presented and the reliability of the latter is assessed. The methodology and results of physico-chemical research of concentration tailings via spectral analysis and atomic absorption method are given. The industrial significance of ancient dredging waste and dumps as well as the content of valuable components sufficient for their development has been established. An acceptable technology of dredging waste and dumps processing when involved into operation has been proposed.
{"title":"Evaluation of methods and results of dredging waste and dump sampling at ore deposit","authors":"I. M. Azizkhonov, B. Talgamer, N. Usmonov","doi":"10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-1-80-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-1-80-89","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to assess the reliability of sampling results of concentration tailings at the experimental site of Tereklikan of Kanjol deposit (Tajikistan). The study involves the description of dredging waste and dumps of the site under investigation. The total length of the sampled interval is 12 m. It was divided into two local intervals of 4 and 6 m long according to geological features (amount of veined quartz material). Each type and component of the sampling process including the study of the mineral and chemical composition of ores is of utmost importance in the determination of the quality and quantity of the ore mass (ore), whereas the study of ore mineral and chemical composition is used during prospecting and exploration works for ore minerals (lead, zinc, tin, gold, copper, aluminum, manganese, etc.). The authors substantiate the feasibility for technogenic deposits formed under non-ferrous metals mining to be involved in operation. The methodology and channel sampling results are presented and the reliability of the latter is assessed. The methodology and results of physico-chemical research of concentration tailings via spectral analysis and atomic absorption method are given. The industrial significance of ancient dredging waste and dumps as well as the content of valuable components sufficient for their development has been established. An acceptable technology of dredging waste and dumps processing when involved into operation has been proposed.","PeriodicalId":128080,"journal":{"name":"Earth sciences and subsoil use","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124036718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-1-73-79
A. A. Khazaryan
Today the development of upland quarries with the formation of multi-tiered dumps of overburden rock mass in complex conditions of mountainous terrain and limited land resources still remains a problem. The conducted analysis has shown that the practice of designing of multi-tiered dumps in gorges lacks detailed consideration of the issues determining the stress distribution in the dump body depending on the dihedral angle formed by the slopes of the side faces of the gorge. The point is that the process of overburden dumping is accompanied with the transmission of stress forces to the central axial plane of the dump body formed in the gorge from the side of the gorge inclined surfaces. At the same time, the inclined component of stresses is due to the mass of overburden rocks dumped onto the inclined side surfaces of the gorge. Being directed at an angle to the shear forces acting in the dump, these lateral stresses play a positive role in the acceleration of rock mass consolidation in the clamped environment during the overburden dump formation. The decrease in dump shear forces leads to the increase in dump stability. It also allows to determine the rational volumes of overburden to be laid as well as the main parameters of a multi-tiered dump. It should be noted that there are significant difficulties in identifying and objective assessing the nature of occurrence and distribution of stress forces in the dump being constructed in the gorge using graphic-analytical methods. In the course of the presented study, the author made an attempt to identify and register stress forces in the body of a multi-tiered overburden dump formed in the gorge using physical modeling methods. For this purpose, a three-dimensional model test bench of a multi-tiered dump has been developed. This test bench allows to solve a three-dimensional problem using the method of physical modeling and, identify the stress variation patterns in the central axial plane of the dump model depending on the inclination angles of the side surfaces of the gorge.
{"title":"A three-dimensional model study of lateral pressure manifestation in gorge dump overburden","authors":"A. A. Khazaryan","doi":"10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-1-73-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-1-73-79","url":null,"abstract":"Today the development of upland quarries with the formation of multi-tiered dumps of overburden rock mass in complex conditions of mountainous terrain and limited land resources still remains a problem. The conducted analysis has shown that the practice of designing of multi-tiered dumps in gorges lacks detailed consideration of the issues determining the stress distribution in the dump body depending on the dihedral angle formed by the slopes of the side faces of the gorge. The point is that the process of overburden dumping is accompanied with the transmission of stress forces to the central axial plane of the dump body formed in the gorge from the side of the gorge inclined surfaces. At the same time, the inclined component of stresses is due to the mass of overburden rocks dumped onto the inclined side surfaces of the gorge. Being directed at an angle to the shear forces acting in the dump, these lateral stresses play a positive role in the acceleration of rock mass consolidation in the clamped environment during the overburden dump formation. The decrease in dump shear forces leads to the increase in dump stability. It also allows to determine the rational volumes of overburden to be laid as well as the main parameters of a multi-tiered dump. It should be noted that there are significant difficulties in identifying and objective assessing the nature of occurrence and distribution of stress forces in the dump being constructed in the gorge using graphic-analytical methods. In the course of the presented study, the author made an attempt to identify and register stress forces in the body of a multi-tiered overburden dump formed in the gorge using physical modeling methods. For this purpose, a three-dimensional model test bench of a multi-tiered dump has been developed. This test bench allows to solve a three-dimensional problem using the method of physical modeling and, identify the stress variation patterns in the central axial plane of the dump model depending on the inclination angles of the side surfaces of the gorge.","PeriodicalId":128080,"journal":{"name":"Earth sciences and subsoil use","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129241773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-1-34-49
L. B. Damdinova, T. Sazhina, B. Damdinov
The purpose of the research is to identify and study the features of mineral composition and formation conditions of ores of the Kholtoson tungsten deposit located within the Dzhida molybdenum-tungsten ore field (South-West Transbaikalia, Russia). The study employs a complex of mineralogical-petrographic and thermobarogeochemical methods. The molybdenum mineralization of the Dzhida ore field is confined to the apical part of the Pervomaisky stock (Pervomayskoye deposit), the tungsten mineralization is confined to numerous quartz veins in the western part of the ore field (Kholtoson vein deposit) as well as to the stockwork in the central part (Inkur stockwork deposit). The Kholtoson deposit occupies the western part of the ore field and is composed of numerous quartz veins localized mainly in the diorites of the Modonkul massif. Conducted works allowed to find out that the main gangue mineral is quartz; muscovite, potassium feldspar and carbonates are also present. Hubnerite is the main ore mineral of the Kholtoson deposit. In total, more than 20 mineral species have been identified including sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, bornite, etc.), sulfosalts (tetrahedrite, aikinite, stannite, etc.), oxides (scheelite, cassiterite), tellurides (hessite). According to the data of fluid inclusions study, calcium chlorides with an admixture of sodium and potassium chlorides predominate in the salt composition of oreforming fluids. The minimum temperatures of quartz deposition vary in the range of ~195–344 °С. Most of the homogenization temperatures determinations correspond to the range of ~250–300 °С. The presence of cogenetic fluid- and vapordominated inclusions in quartz from the ores of the Kholtoson deposit allows to estimate the fluid inclusion capture temperature range of 413–350 °C. The results of the studies carried out by the authors indicate that the main factors of hubnerite precipitation from hydrothermal solutions are changes in alkali-acid content and a temperature drop.
{"title":"Mineralogy and formation conditions of Kholtoson tungsten deposit ores","authors":"L. B. Damdinova, T. Sazhina, B. Damdinov","doi":"10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-1-34-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-1-34-49","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to identify and study the features of mineral composition and formation conditions of ores of the Kholtoson tungsten deposit located within the Dzhida molybdenum-tungsten ore field (South-West Transbaikalia, Russia). The study employs a complex of mineralogical-petrographic and thermobarogeochemical methods. The molybdenum mineralization of the Dzhida ore field is confined to the apical part of the Pervomaisky stock (Pervomayskoye deposit), the tungsten mineralization is confined to numerous quartz veins in the western part of the ore field (Kholtoson vein deposit) as well as to the stockwork in the central part (Inkur stockwork deposit). The Kholtoson deposit occupies the western part of the ore field and is composed of numerous quartz veins localized mainly in the diorites of the Modonkul massif. Conducted works allowed to find out that the main gangue mineral is quartz; muscovite, potassium feldspar and carbonates are also present. Hubnerite is the main ore mineral of the Kholtoson deposit. In total, more than 20 mineral species have been identified including sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, bornite, etc.), sulfosalts (tetrahedrite, aikinite, stannite, etc.), oxides (scheelite, cassiterite), tellurides (hessite). According to the data of fluid inclusions study, calcium chlorides with an admixture of sodium and potassium chlorides predominate in the salt composition of oreforming fluids. The minimum temperatures of quartz deposition vary in the range of ~195–344 °С. Most of the homogenization temperatures determinations correspond to the range of ~250–300 °С. The presence of cogenetic fluid- and vapordominated inclusions in quartz from the ores of the Kholtoson deposit allows to estimate the fluid inclusion capture temperature range of 413–350 °C. The results of the studies carried out by the authors indicate that the main factors of hubnerite precipitation from hydrothermal solutions are changes in alkali-acid content and a temperature drop.","PeriodicalId":128080,"journal":{"name":"Earth sciences and subsoil use","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123063106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-1-50-59
S. M. Radomskii, V. Radomskaya
The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the mass fractions of the group of noble metals (gold, silver, platinum, ruthenium, osmium, palladium, iridium, rhodium) in the ores and host rocks of the Pioneer deposit (the Upper Amur Region, Russia) and to determine their migration activity and hydrochemical classification of ore metals by sizes. The object of the study is primary and oxidized ores, as well as rocks hosting this mineralization. The study employs the method of quantitative chemical analysis, micro assay melting with an error of correctness, accuracy and reproducibility of the results of ≤30 %. Pioneer is a near surface hydrothermal deposit with oxidized and sulfide types of ores, which are processed both by the open method of alkaline heap cyanide leaching, and by the closed pressure method, respectively. A gold concentration plant was built to implement these processing methods. The main recoverable component of this technology is gold, whereas silver and platinum group metals are present in industrial products as impurities. The technology is highly profitable, which allows cost-effective processing of ores with the mass fractions of 1–4 ppm of gold. The performed hydrochemical classification of the sizes of native gold minerals has showed that the bulk of the nuggets (74– 78 %) of primary, sulfide, and oxidized ores accounts for the fraction with the sizes of 160–1000 μm and 11–13 % account for the fraction with sizes of 16–40 μm. Fine gold of the deposit provides its complete dissolution during the cyanidation process.
{"title":"Features of noble metals at Pioneer gold deposit","authors":"S. M. Radomskii, V. Radomskaya","doi":"10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-1-50-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-1-50-59","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the mass fractions of the group of noble metals (gold, silver, platinum, ruthenium, osmium, palladium, iridium, rhodium) in the ores and host rocks of the Pioneer deposit (the Upper Amur Region, Russia) and to determine their migration activity and hydrochemical classification of ore metals by sizes. The object of the study is primary and oxidized ores, as well as rocks hosting this mineralization. The study employs the method of quantitative chemical analysis, micro assay melting with an error of correctness, accuracy and reproducibility of the results of ≤30 %. Pioneer is a near surface hydrothermal deposit with oxidized and sulfide types of ores, which are processed both by the open method of alkaline heap cyanide leaching, and by the closed pressure method, respectively. A gold concentration plant was built to implement these processing methods. The main recoverable component of this technology is gold, whereas silver and platinum group metals are present in industrial products as impurities. The technology is highly profitable, which allows cost-effective processing of ores with the mass fractions of 1–4 ppm of gold. The performed hydrochemical classification of the sizes of native gold minerals has showed that the bulk of the nuggets (74– 78 %) of primary, sulfide, and oxidized ores accounts for the fraction with the sizes of 160–1000 μm and 11–13 % account for the fraction with sizes of 16–40 μm. Fine gold of the deposit provides its complete dissolution during the cyanidation process.","PeriodicalId":128080,"journal":{"name":"Earth sciences and subsoil use","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121294028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-1-8-33
B. Hassan
Potential of, integrated geophysical, especially P- and S-wave combined near surface surveys, is assessed; demonstrated with use of sparingly, reduced chronographic i. e., time and velocity, (1 MHz) ultrasonic imaged data. Case of aqueous and non-aqueous, predominantly, fossil fuel origins spills seepage within near-surface geology is examined in terms of evaluation of possible complexities of fluids and surrounding interactions; which are experimentally simulated embodied as flow components of an immiscible displacement process. Such processes are understood and studied widely, within various, especially near-field geo- and engineering including environmental and also geo-disaster contexts. Interesting relevant scenarios, including aspects, of geological complexity of well known geographical locations while their subjugation also to various, whether natural or anthropogenic, stressors are presented alongside pertinent theory for better grasp, including plausibility, of methodology and inferring. Experimental analogues and geometrical constraints are explained in detail. Ultrasonic P- and S-wave, data in relevant context, also verified analytically, are comprehensively evaluated. S-wave data not only corroborates P-wave data attributes in time-space localization of displaced, from displacing phase, including a “dim spot”, an interesting artifact corresponding to interface (or mixed phase) region, S-wave also manifested other elastic and thermo-mechanical characteristics of the same feature. Further a flow rate, especially, that of injection, control or dependence of a planned displacement process was confirmed, for example if required in tracer and remedial studies. S-waves characteristic suitability to reveal other fluid-fluid and fluid-solid interaction peculiarities at micro and possibly at nano scale, as amplitude effects, is foreseen to assume significant promise.
{"title":"Viability assessment of integrated P- and S-wave surveys using ultrasound","authors":"B. Hassan","doi":"10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-1-8-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-1-8-33","url":null,"abstract":"Potential of, integrated geophysical, especially P- and S-wave combined near surface surveys, is assessed; demonstrated with use of sparingly, reduced chronographic i. e., time and velocity, (1 MHz) ultrasonic imaged data. Case of aqueous and non-aqueous, predominantly, fossil fuel origins spills seepage within near-surface geology is examined in terms of evaluation of possible complexities of fluids and surrounding interactions; which are experimentally simulated embodied as flow components of an immiscible displacement process. Such processes are understood and studied widely, within various, especially near-field geo- and engineering including environmental and also geo-disaster contexts. Interesting relevant scenarios, including aspects, of geological complexity of well known geographical locations while their subjugation also to various, whether natural or anthropogenic, stressors are presented alongside pertinent theory for better grasp, including plausibility, of methodology and inferring. Experimental analogues and geometrical constraints are explained in detail. Ultrasonic P- and S-wave, data in relevant context, also verified analytically, are comprehensively evaluated. S-wave data not only corroborates P-wave data attributes in time-space localization of displaced, from displacing phase, including a “dim spot”, an interesting artifact corresponding to interface (or mixed phase) region, S-wave also manifested other elastic and thermo-mechanical characteristics of the same feature. Further a flow rate, especially, that of injection, control or dependence of a planned displacement process was confirmed, for example if required in tracer and remedial studies. S-waves characteristic suitability to reveal other fluid-fluid and fluid-solid interaction peculiarities at micro and possibly at nano scale, as amplitude effects, is foreseen to assume significant promise.","PeriodicalId":128080,"journal":{"name":"Earth sciences and subsoil use","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124793663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.21285/2686-9993-2021-44-4-441-447
A. Cheban
The purpose of the study is reducing the loss of mineral raw materials and increasing the efficiency of mining operations using a mining complex through the introduction of a new design and engineering solution that improves the equipment functionality. The study involves the analysis of known designs of mining equipment capable of providing the transformation of cyclic scooping of rock mass into its continuous loading, as well as screening of fine fractions from the ore mass. High productivity mining complexes are referred to a promising direction of mining equipment development. The article proposes an improved design of the mining complex, which allows to combine the extraction and loading process and ore mass grading. The improved mining complex is equipped with an annular conveyor with vibrating grids through which fines are screened into the accumulation hopper. From the accumulation hopper the small fractions are sent by means of a pneumatic conveying system to the bunker sections of a special-purpose hauler while the oversize product is loaded into a dump truck by a dump conveyor. The fine fractions of substandard ore collected in the bunker sections are sent for heap leaching. The fine fractions of conditioned ore are sent to the concentration plant to be processed. The proposed design and engineering solution employing an improved mining complex will reduce the cost of works and increase the recovery factor of mineral raw materials in the development of complex-structured deposits of ores characterized by natural concentration of small classes. Removal of fine ore fractions directly during the excavation and loading process can significantly reduce the dusting and decrease the loss of mineral raw materials from blowing and spilling of fine fractions.
{"title":"Application of an improved mining complex for opencast mining of ore deposits","authors":"A. Cheban","doi":"10.21285/2686-9993-2021-44-4-441-447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2021-44-4-441-447","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is reducing the loss of mineral raw materials and increasing the efficiency of mining operations using a mining complex through the introduction of a new design and engineering solution that improves the equipment functionality. The study involves the analysis of known designs of mining equipment capable of providing the transformation of cyclic scooping of rock mass into its continuous loading, as well as screening of fine fractions from the ore mass. High productivity mining complexes are referred to a promising direction of mining equipment development. The article proposes an improved design of the mining complex, which allows to combine the extraction and loading process and ore mass grading. The improved mining complex is equipped with an annular conveyor with vibrating grids through which fines are screened into the accumulation hopper. From the accumulation hopper the small fractions are sent by means of a pneumatic conveying system to the bunker sections of a special-purpose hauler while the oversize product is loaded into a dump truck by a dump conveyor. The fine fractions of substandard ore collected in the bunker sections are sent for heap leaching. The fine fractions of conditioned ore are sent to the concentration plant to be processed. The proposed design and engineering solution employing an improved mining complex will reduce the cost of works and increase the recovery factor of mineral raw materials in the development of complex-structured deposits of ores characterized by natural concentration of small classes. Removal of fine ore fractions directly during the excavation and loading process can significantly reduce the dusting and decrease the loss of mineral raw materials from blowing and spilling of fine fractions.","PeriodicalId":128080,"journal":{"name":"Earth sciences and subsoil use","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116286067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.21285/2686-9993-2021-44-4-448-457
Анатолий Иванович Ламбин, Anatoliy Lambin
Studying the behavior of cuttings transport under various conditions using experimental observations and computational fluid dynamics is the main method for analyzing the influence of cuttings, fluid and operating parameters on well cleaning. Despite the existing abundant models and recommendations of researchers, still there are problems with the accuracy of determining the cuttings layer height, critical velocity and other key parameters, which complicates the task of effective solution of the problem of borehole cleaning. The purpose of the study is to analyze the models obtained via the organization of a full factorial experiment and variance analysis to identify the influence of such factors as viscosity and flow rate of the drilling fluid in the annular space and the inclination angle of the well on the degree of cuttings transport. The studies of the kind are carried out using special devices called flow loops. Experimental data were taken from literature sources. To organize a full factorial experiment, the data of the dependent variable were combined into a combinational square, which simplified the coding of factor values. After setting the full factorial experiment, the models were obtained that made it possible to assess the contribution of the studied factors to the process of destruction product removal within the intervals determined while setting the research tasks. The obtained models allowed to determine the influence degree of each of the factors on the process under investigation. The results of the succeeding analysis of variance confirmed the indicated degree of influence and determined the rank of each of the factors in percentage.
{"title":"Studying joint influence of a number of factors on borehole cleaning","authors":"Анатолий Иванович Ламбин, Anatoliy Lambin","doi":"10.21285/2686-9993-2021-44-4-448-457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2021-44-4-448-457","url":null,"abstract":"Studying the behavior of cuttings transport under various conditions using experimental observations and computational fluid dynamics is the main method for analyzing the influence of cuttings, fluid and operating parameters on well cleaning. Despite the existing abundant models and recommendations of researchers, still there are problems with the accuracy of determining the cuttings layer height, critical velocity and other key parameters, which complicates the task of effective solution of the problem of borehole cleaning. The purpose of the study is to analyze the models obtained via the organization of a full factorial experiment and variance analysis to identify the influence of such factors as viscosity and flow rate of the drilling fluid in the annular space and the inclination angle of the well on the degree of cuttings transport. The studies of the kind are carried out using special devices called flow loops. Experimental data were taken from literature sources. To organize a full factorial experiment, the data of the dependent variable were combined into a combinational square, which simplified the coding of factor values. After setting the full factorial experiment, the models were obtained that made it possible to assess the contribution of the studied factors to the process of destruction product removal within the intervals determined while setting the research tasks. The obtained models allowed to determine the influence degree of each of the factors on the process under investigation. The results of the succeeding analysis of variance confirmed the indicated degree of influence and determined the rank of each of the factors in percentage.","PeriodicalId":128080,"journal":{"name":"Earth sciences and subsoil use","volume":"586 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132729349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.21285/2686-9993-2021-44-4-485-495
V. N. Ekzaryan, A. K. Akhmadiev
The oil and gas industry has been evolving for 150 years. Despite the predictions on the diminishing role of hydrocarbons in the second half of the 21st century, today they play a leading role in the global energy sector. In view of this there is some interest to study current development trends of the industry. This paper reviews and analyses data for the period from 2011 to 2021, which relate to the development of hydrocarbon resources in the marine and ocean environment. It was important for the authors to consider how the trends they highlighted are affecting or will affect ecosystems. The conducted research has showed that today there are three main development trends in hydrocarbon mining in the World ocean: development of the marine Arctic, continental shelf and the possibility to organize commercial production in the deep sea areas of the World ocean. For each of the directions both existing and potential ecological risks have been identified. They include loss of marine biodiversity, activation of dangerous geological processes, unpredictability of ocean environment, man-made accidents and disasters, discharges of drilling and other industrial waste, etc. The work has also identified the challenges facing the oil and gas industry. These include the search for new technologies for deep-sea production, poorly understood depth of the World ocean, need for new approaches in environmental risk management, as well as the creation of a legal framework for subsoil use regulation in new environments and areas.
{"title":"Challenges and environmental issues in developing hydrocarbon resources in the World ocean","authors":"V. N. Ekzaryan, A. K. Akhmadiev","doi":"10.21285/2686-9993-2021-44-4-485-495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2021-44-4-485-495","url":null,"abstract":"The oil and gas industry has been evolving for 150 years. Despite the predictions on the diminishing role of hydrocarbons in the second half of the 21st century, today they play a leading role in the global energy sector. In view of this there is some interest to study current development trends of the industry. This paper reviews and analyses data for the period from 2011 to 2021, which relate to the development of hydrocarbon resources in the marine and ocean environment. It was important for the authors to consider how the trends they highlighted are affecting or will affect ecosystems. The conducted research has showed that today there are three main development trends in hydrocarbon mining in the World ocean: development of the marine Arctic, continental shelf and the possibility to organize commercial production in the deep sea areas of the World ocean. For each of the directions both existing and potential ecological risks have been identified. They include loss of marine biodiversity, activation of dangerous geological processes, unpredictability of ocean environment, man-made accidents and disasters, discharges of drilling and other industrial waste, etc. The work has also identified the challenges facing the oil and gas industry. These include the search for new technologies for deep-sea production, poorly understood depth of the World ocean, need for new approaches in environmental risk management, as well as the creation of a legal framework for subsoil use regulation in new environments and areas.","PeriodicalId":128080,"journal":{"name":"Earth sciences and subsoil use","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124490009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.21285/2686-9993-2021-44-4-417-432
Lujun Lin, Hui Chen, Z. Pang, Zhizhong Cheng, J. Xue, W. Tao, Yixing Ma, Lingming Gong, Hong-Jiang Shen
The prediction theory and methodology of ore prospecting were developed from an in-depth study of 129 typical deposits in China. It has been verified to be an effective method that is particularly suitable for the initial ore prospecting. In this method, the internal and external factors of metallogenesis are combined together to construct a geological model of prospecting prediction, which consists of metallogenic geological body, metallogenic structure, metallogenic structural plane and metallogenic characteristics. The Huili area is located in the western margin of the Yangtze Plate, where the regional metallogenic geological conditions are superior, and a series of unique iron-copper deposits were formed. In recent years, great breakthroughs and progress have been made in the deep and peripheral areas of the Huili copper orefield. Herein, we take the Huili copper orefield as a typical example to illustrate the specific application of this method in deep ore prospecting of hydrothermal deposits. The metallogenic geological body is the ore-hosting volcanic rocks (albitite in the Hekou Group), and the main metallogenic structure and structural planes are interfaces between basic (intermediate) volcanic rocks and sedimentary rocks and the possible volcanic vent. Combined with the summary of metallogenic characteristics, we constructed a geological model for ore prospecting in the Huili copper orefield.
{"title":"The ore prospecting prediction model for the Huili copper orefield in Sichuan Province, China","authors":"Lujun Lin, Hui Chen, Z. Pang, Zhizhong Cheng, J. Xue, W. Tao, Yixing Ma, Lingming Gong, Hong-Jiang Shen","doi":"10.21285/2686-9993-2021-44-4-417-432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2021-44-4-417-432","url":null,"abstract":"The prediction theory and methodology of ore prospecting were developed from an in-depth study of 129 typical deposits in China. It has been verified to be an effective method that is particularly suitable for the initial ore prospecting. In this method, the internal and external factors of metallogenesis are combined together to construct a geological model of prospecting prediction, which consists of metallogenic geological body, metallogenic structure, metallogenic structural plane and metallogenic characteristics. The Huili area is located in the western margin of the Yangtze Plate, where the regional metallogenic geological conditions are superior, and a series of unique iron-copper deposits were formed. In recent years, great breakthroughs and progress have been made in the deep and peripheral areas of the Huili copper orefield. Herein, we take the Huili copper orefield as a typical example to illustrate the specific application of this method in deep ore prospecting of hydrothermal deposits. The metallogenic geological body is the ore-hosting volcanic rocks (albitite in the Hekou Group), and the main metallogenic structure and structural planes are interfaces between basic (intermediate) volcanic rocks and sedimentary rocks and the possible volcanic vent. Combined with the summary of metallogenic characteristics, we constructed a geological model for ore prospecting in the Huili copper orefield.","PeriodicalId":128080,"journal":{"name":"Earth sciences and subsoil use","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125182002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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