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Determination of Maximum Deflection Angles of a HAWT Yawing System Weather Vane Based on the Solution of the Equations of Moments 基于力矩方程解的HAWT偏航系统风向标最大偏转角的确定
Solomin Evgeny, Ryavkin Gleb, Sirotkin Evgeny
One of the main tasks in the field of renewable energy is to improve the accuracy of positioning the wind wheel of horizontal axial wind turbine (HAWT) in the direction of wind. Orientation system receives information about direction of the wind from a weather vane. Vortices from the blades passing over the nacelle make inaccuracy into the operation of this device. In this paper, an important issue for solving the problem will be considered, namely, determination of maximum deflection angles of HAWT vane. Geometry for the study is two weather vane models used on wind turbines. The initial external loads, the coefficients of normal force, and force of the longitudinal resistance of weather vane were determined using mathematical modeling. The equations of torques for rotational motion of weather vane are solved. The obtained solutions for two methods were compared. Conclusions about the results obtained were made.
提高水平轴向风力机(HAWT)的风轮在风向上的定位精度是可再生能源领域的主要任务之一。定位系统从风向标接收有关风向的信息。通过机舱的叶片产生的涡流使该装置的操作不准确。本文将考虑解决该问题的一个重要问题,即确定HAWT叶片的最大偏转角。该研究的几何模型是用于风力涡轮机的两个风向标模型。利用数学模型确定了风向标的初始外载荷、法向力系数和纵向阻力力。求解了风向标旋转运动的力矩方程。比较了两种方法的解。对所得结果进行了总结。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of Functioning of a Photoelectric Installation under Forest Fires in the Northern Part of the Russian Far East 俄罗斯远东北部森林火灾下光电装置功能的调查
Nikolay Mestnikov, A. Alzakkar, P. Vasilyev
This paper is devoted to the study of the working characteristics of solar photovoltaic (PV) plants in conditions of high smoke content due to forest fires in the central part of Yakutia. It should be noted that experimental studies were carried out at the beginning of July 2021 in the village of Boroguntsi (central part of Yakutia) with geographical coordinates 62.67N, 131.13E. The purpose of the article is to study the features of the operation of a photovoltaic solar plant in conditions of increased smoke pollution during forest fires in Yakutia. In the research, a technology was developed for conducting experimental work by using power, measuring and recording equipment to determine the necessary electrical power parameters. The result of the study is the recording of a decrease in the generation power of the plant from 34.88% to 74.42%, depending on the type of smoke pollution in the environment. It should be noted that the results of the research can be used to study the benefits of solar energy facilities in areas where the possibility of seasonal forest fires is high.
本文研究了雅库特中部森林火灾引起的高烟含量条件下太阳能光伏电站的工作特性。应该指出的是,实验研究于2021年7月初在Boroguntsi村(雅库特中部)进行,地理坐标为62.67N, 131.13E。本文的目的是研究在雅库特森林火灾期间烟雾污染增加的情况下光伏太阳能发电厂的运行特征。在研究中,开发了一种技术,通过使用功率、测量和记录设备来确定必要的电力参数,从而进行实验工作。研究的结果是,根据环境中烟雾污染的类型,工厂的发电量从34.88%下降到74.42%。值得注意的是,该研究结果可用于研究在季节性森林火灾可能性高的地区使用太阳能设施的好处。
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引用次数: 0
Electric Power Quality Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm 基于遗传算法的电能质量优化
A. Toropov, G. Chistyakov, E. Platonova
Electrical power networks experience a growing proportion of electrical loads that degrade the electric power quality. Such loads occur due to the operation of electrical power equipment based on silicon rectifiers, arc steel furnaces, electrolysis plants, and blooming mills. At the same time, the number of high-tech consumers sensitive to electric power quality degradation is increasing: computers, computer network hardware, telecommunications equipment, medical, banking, and office equipment. This study considers the application of a genetic algorithm to optimize electric power quality. The selected genetic algorithm uses a fixed number of mating pairs per generation instead of the crossover rate. Each mating pair produces two offspring. Parental pairs were selected by the elitist and exclusion selection methods. The objective function of active power losses considers the distribution of compensating power filters in the electrical power network, permissible voltage levels, and active power losses due to non-sinusoidal voltage. A program has been developed that selects the power of compensating power filters in the electrical power network nodes, as well as their installation locations, where active power losses will be minimal.
电力网络承受越来越多的电力负荷,这些负荷降低了电力质量。这种负荷的产生是由于以硅整流器、电弧炼钢炉、电解厂和喷砂厂为基础的电力设备的运行。与此同时,对电能质量下降敏感的高科技消费者的数量正在增加:计算机、计算机网络硬件、电信设备、医疗、银行和办公设备。本研究考虑应用遗传算法来优化电能质量。所选择的遗传算法使用每代固定数量的交配对,而不是交叉率。每一对交配产生两个后代。采用精英选择法和排除选择法对亲本进行筛选。有功功率损耗的目标函数考虑了补偿滤波器在电网中的分布、允许电压电平和非正弦电压引起的有功功率损耗。已经开发了一个程序来选择电力网络节点中补偿电力滤波器的功率,以及它们的安装位置,在那里有功功率损耗最小。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the Heat State of the Hydrogenerator of the Combined Excitation, Intended for the Development of the Energy of Small and Medium Rivers 面向中小河流能源开发的联合激励水轮发电机热态分析
Dilshod Aminov, S. Gandzha, A. Fedorov
The development of energy in small and medium rivers is an urgent task, since the total energy potential of this resource is many times higher than this indicator for large rivers. The article considers a hydrogenerator of a unique design. It is completely submerged in water, which allows not to violate the ecology and aesthetics of the environment. To ensure waterproofing, the generator is filled with oil. It is based on an electric machine of combined excitation, for which there is a patent of the Russian Federation. For the design of hydrogenerators of this type, a design system has been developed, which includes the synthesis of optimal geometry and electromagnetic and thermal analysis of the calculated design. The article presents the final stage of the analysis - this is the assessment of the steady state thermal state of the generator at rated load. Thermal calculations were carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the assessment was carried out on the basis of the method of thermal equivalent circuits, at the second stage, the assessment was carried out using the finite element method. The article presents the results of the analysis for a hydrogenerator 3 kW 350 rpm
中小河流的能源开发是一项紧迫的任务,因为该资源的总能源潜力比大河流的这一指标高出许多倍。本文考虑了一种设计独特的水轮发电机。它完全淹没在水中,这使得它不违反生态和环境美学。为保证防水,发电机内注满了油。它是基于一种联合励磁电机,该电机已获得俄罗斯联邦专利。针对这种类型的水轮发电机的设计,开发了一个设计系统,包括优化几何的综合和计算设计的电磁和热分析。本文介绍了分析的最后阶段——发电机在额定负荷下的稳态热状态评估。热计算分两个阶段进行。第一阶段采用热等效电路法进行评估,第二阶段采用有限元法进行评估。本文介绍了一台3kw 350rpm水轮发电机的分析结果
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引用次数: 0
Embedding Digital Information Into the Audio Stream of a Video Conference for Robot Remote Control 在机器人远程控制视频会议音频流中嵌入数字信息
Anatoly Lerner, A. Romanov
Sometimes a need arises to develop projects that require remote control capabilities, coupled with live audio and video support. In most cases, such projects require the development of sophisticated software. This software must handle audio transmission, video transmission, and control transmission. Additionally, a server may be necessary to relay the information over the internet. The method proposed in this paper takes a new approach and makes use of well-established web conferencing services such as Skype and Zoom. This method offers a shorter development time and requires readily available tools. In this paper, we will describe this method in detail, analyze advantages and disadvantages, present a functioning prototype, and provide testbench results.
有时需要开发需要远程控制功能的项目,以及实时音频和视频支持。在大多数情况下,这样的项目需要开发复杂的软件。该软件必须处理音频传输、视频传输和控制传输。此外,可能需要一台服务器在互联网上传递信息。本文提出的方法采用了一种新的方法,并利用了Skype和Zoom等成熟的网络会议服务。这种方法提供了更短的开发时间,并且需要随时可用的工具。在本文中,我们将详细描述这种方法,分析优点和缺点,提出一个功能原型,并提供测试台结果。
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引用次数: 0
Reduced-Order State Observers Design for Single-Channel Electromechanical Control Plant under Conditions of Parametric Uncertainty 参数不确定条件下单通道机电控制系统的降阶状态观测器设计
D. Krasnov, A. Utkin
The observation problem for a single-channel electromechanical control plant operating under conditions of significant parametric uncertainty is considered. Decomposition procedures for the synthesis of reduced-order state observers with piecewise linear control actions have been developed. The proposed approach provides for a given time the specified estimation accuracy of the unmeasured state variables of the mechanical subsystem according to the information received from the sensors of the state variables of the electric actuator. The proposed approach is fundamentally different from traditional methods, where the main equations for constructing a reduced-order observer are equations describing the dynamics of unmeasured variables. In this paper, the observer is constructed as a copy of the differential equations of the measured variables of the electrical subsystem with certain parameters. In these equations, unmeasured state variables are treated as undefined inputs, for which the evaluative signals are the control actions of the observer, which are limited in magnitude. Due to such an organization of the observation subsystem, the problem of identifying uncertain mass-inertial parameters of the mechanical subsystem does not require a solution. This greatly simplifies the adjustment of the observer, eliminates bursts, and ensures the robustness of the estimated signals.
研究了单通道机电控制系统在参数不确定性较大的情况下的观测问题。给出了具有分段线性控制作用的降阶状态观测器的综合分解方法。该方法根据从电动执行器的状态变量传感器接收到的信息,提供给定时间内机械子系统未测量状态变量的指定估计精度。所提出的方法与传统方法有根本的不同,传统方法中构造降阶观测器的主要方程是描述未测量变量的动力学方程。本文将观测器构造为具有一定参数的电气子系统被测变量微分方程的复本。在这些方程中,未测量的状态变量被视为未定义输入,其中评估信号是观测器的控制动作,其幅度有限。由于观测分系统的这种组织形式,使得机械分系统不确定质量惯性参数的辨识问题不需要求解。这大大简化了观测器的调整,消除了突发,保证了估计信号的鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 0
On Adaptation of Third Kind Boundary Conditions for Grid Models of Nonstationary Heat Exchange 非平稳换热网格模型第三类边界条件的自适应研究
P. Zhukov, A. Glushchenko, A. Fomin
The non-stationary heat exchange (heating) process is a typical kind of technological operation in metallurgy. The most common technological units for such operation are continuous heating furnaces, in which steel billets are heated in the course of their movement through the furnace. The billets have different inner chemical structures and physical characteristics, so different values of heating parameters are needed (heating time, setpoint temperature, etc.). Usually, to find such optimal values, a model of transient heat conduction is used. The general problem of such models is the necessity to adapt them to the thermophysical parameters of each certain steel grade being heated inside the furnace. Usually adaptation processes is to find the dependence between the final billet temperature and the steel density, thermal capacity, and thermal conductivity. But, in addition to these independent variables, considering the non-stationarity of the heating processes, not only should the inner structure of the billets be taken into account, but also the heating environment parameters too. Adaptation to them is the scope of this research and closely related to the third kind boundary condition of nonstationary heat exchange. Generally, it means to find the value of the heat transfer coefficient, which is also non-stationary and depends on the temperatures of the heated material and heating medium. The result of the study is an approach based on the Nusselt number and the criterion equation, which allows to reduce the average error of the billets temperature prediction by 9.7 degrees Celsius.
非稳态热交换(加热)过程是一种典型的冶金工艺操作。这种操作最常见的技术单元是连续加热炉,其中钢坯在通过炉子的运动过程中被加热。钢坯具有不同的内部化学结构和物理特性,因此需要不同的加热参数值(加热时间、设定温度等)。通常,要找到这样的最优值,需要使用瞬态热传导模型。这类模型的一般问题是必须使其适应炉内加热的每种钢种的热物性参数。通常适应过程是找到最终钢坯温度与钢密度、热容量和导热系数之间的依赖关系。但是,除了这些自变量外,考虑到加热过程的非平稳性,不仅要考虑钢坯的内部结构,还要考虑加热环境参数。对它们的适应是本研究的范围,与第三类非定常换热边界条件密切相关。一般是指求换热系数的值,换热系数也是非平稳的,取决于被加热材料和加热介质的温度。研究结果是一种基于努塞尔数和标准方程的方法,可以将钢坯温度预测的平均误差降低9.7摄氏度。
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引用次数: 0
Processing Method for Complex Characteristics of Electromagnetic Devices 电磁器件复杂特性的处理方法
S. Gladkikh, A. Lankin, I. Lankin
This article discusses the development of a method for processing the integral characteristics of electromagnetic devices, which are complex functions. In cases where a complex function has a dependence on a nonmonotonic function, its hyste-resis character is manifested. Such functions are difficult and sometimes impossible, to be processed by numerical dimensional-ity reduction methods (for example, the method of principal components, Wavelet transform). The developed method makes it possible to represent integral functions in an “expanded” form, i.e. get rid of back loops due to the monotonic representation of the nested function. The performed analysis of the dynamic characteristics of electromagnets shows that such processing does not result in the loss of important information, and the charac-teristics can later be transferred to the space of principal components. In this space, characteristics that have already been pro-cessed form a structured dependence and can be separated into clusters.
本文讨论了一种处理复杂功能的电磁器件整体特性的方法。当复函数依赖于非单调函数时,其滞回特性就表现出来。这样的函数很难,有时甚至不可能用数值降维方法(例如,主成分法,小波变换)来处理。开发的方法使得以“扩展”形式表示积分函数成为可能,即摆脱由于嵌套函数的单调表示而导致的回循环。对电磁铁动态特性的分析表明,这种处理不会造成重要信息的丢失,并且可以将特征转移到主分量空间中。在这个空间中,已经处理过的特征形成了一种结构化的依赖关系,可以被分离成集群。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic Model of DC Commutator Motor Excited by Permanent Magnets, with Due Regard for the Influence of Real Factors 考虑实际因素影响的永磁励磁直流换向器电机动力学模型
A. Shestakov
DC commutator motors excited by permanent magnets, are still widely used in controlled electric drives of various systems due to their high energy and mass-dimensional characteristics. In this regard, the problem of optimal design of these motors remains relevant. One way to optimize the mass-dimensional, energy and dynamic characteristics of DC commutator motors excited by permanent magnets is to simulate transients. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a dynamic model of a DC motor exited by permanent magnets, based on a system of differential equations of a DC machine. In this system, to account for the effect of the switching armature reaction on the resulting airgap flux, as well as to account for the effect of saturation on the inductance of the armature along the cross axis, it is proposed to use a nonlinear magnetization curve of a DC machine approximated by a hyperbolic function. The results of the modelling established the ability of the model proposed and the possibility of its application to optimize the dynamic, energy and mass-dimensional parameters of DC motors exited by permanent magnets.
永磁体励磁的直流换向电机由于其高能量、高质量的特性,目前仍广泛应用于各种系统的受控电驱动中。在这方面,这些电机的优化设计问题仍然是相关的。对永磁体励磁直流换向电机进行瞬态仿真是优化其质量尺寸、能量和动态特性的一种方法。为了解决这一问题,本文基于直流电机的微分方程组,建立了永磁体驱动的直流电机的动力学模型。在该系统中,为了考虑开关电枢反应对产生的气隙磁通的影响,以及考虑饱和对电枢沿交叉轴的电感的影响,建议使用由双曲函数近似的直流电机的非线性磁化曲线。建模结果证实了所提出的模型在优化永磁体驱动直流电机的动力学、能量和质量参数方面的能力和应用的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Identifying and Tuning Mechatronic Systems with State Controllers, Using an Artificial Neural Network 基于神经网络的状态控制器机电系统辨识与整定
A. Anisimov, M. E. Sorokovnin, S. Tararykin
This study examines the problem of automatically identifying and tuning control systems for parametrically undefined mechatronic objects with a state regulator. An automatic tuning method is proposed, based on identifying the parameters of a controlled object vector-matrix model, using an artificial neural network, with subsequent synthesis of the controller by the modal control method. An algorithm has been developed to optimize the placement of sensors for controlled object state coordinates, using the mathematical apparatus of observability gramians, which ensures specified identification accuracy in conditions subject to noise in the measurement channels. The proposed intelligent method ensures identification of controlled object parameters and calculation of the state controller according to the results of a single experiment, thus reducing the duration of setting in real time
本研究探讨了具有状态调节器的参数未定义机电一体化对象的自动识别和调谐控制系统的问题。在识别被控对象矢量矩阵模型参数的基础上,提出了一种基于人工神经网络的自动整定方法,随后采用模态控制方法对控制器进行综合。利用可观测性语法的数学装置,开发了一种算法来优化控制对象状态坐标的传感器位置,从而确保在测量通道中受噪声影响的条件下指定的识别精度。提出的智能方法保证了被控对象参数的识别和状态控制器的计算是根据单次实验的结果进行的,从而减少了实时整定的时间
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2022 International Conference on Industrial Engineering, Applications and Manufacturing (ICIEAM)
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