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Adaptation of British English and American English Borrowings to Autochthonous Languages of Pashto and Dari 将英国英语和美国英语借鉴到普什图语和达里语等本土语言中
Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.21869/2223-151x-2023-13-3-22-31
Jerome Baghana, T. Voloshina, Rashidi Karimulla, A. A. Mustafayeva
The article deals with the analysis of the linguistic and cultural adaptation of the English language and the American English as a means of global communication in a multicultural community. The aim of the research is to conduct a comprehensive language and cultural analysis of borrowed units from British English and American English into the autochthonous languages of Pashto and Dari, functioning on the territory of Afghanistan, to determine their lexical and phonetic changes in the process of intercultural adaptation. The complex nature of the linguistic and cultural adaptation of Anglicisms in the autochthonous languages of Afghanistan is due to the long process of military operations, on the one hand, and the need to focus on cooperation with European countries at the present stage of development, on the other hand. The specificity of lexical units borrowed from British English and American English, formed under the influence of globalization and the needs of modern Afghan society, is also associated with phonetic changes and linguistic and cultural adaptation of borrowed units which is dictated by the influence of the phonetic system of local languages. The research work is carried out in line with the language and cultural approach and is based on the use of linguistic, cultural and sociological methods. The research uses the methodology of content analysis, narrative analysis, and the method of linguistic reconstruction of culture. As a result of the work, the spheres of social life of Afghans are identified for productive functioning spheres of high-frequency borrowings from English and American English into modern languages of Afghanistan, this process is dictated by the influence of extra linguistic factors, the key of which is economic development and political cooperation in the period of globalization of the world community. Borrowed lexical units are the subject to phonetic and lexical transformation processes which is dictated by the specifics of the autochthonous languages majority Pashto and Dari.
文章分析了英语和美式英语作为多元文化社区全球交流手段的语言和文化适应情况。研究的目的是对在阿富汗境内使用的普什图语和达里语中的英式英语和美式英语的借用单元进行全面的语言和文化分析,以确定它们在跨文化适应过程中的词汇和语音变化。盎格鲁语在阿富汗本土语言中的语言和文化适应的复杂性,一方面是由于长期的军事行动,另一方面是由于在目前的发展阶段需要注重与欧洲国家的合作。在全球化和现代阿富汗社会需求的影响下,从英国英语和美国英语中借用的词汇单位的特殊性也与借用单位的语音变化和语言文化适应有关,这是由当地语言语音系统的影响决定的。研究工作是按照语言和文化方法进行的,并以语言学、文化学和社会学方法的使用为基 础。研究采用了内容分析法、叙事分析法和文化的语言重构法。研究结果表明,阿富汗人的社会生活领域是将英语和美国英语高频率借用到阿富汗现代语言的生产运作领域,这一过程受语言外因素的影响,其中的关键是国际社会全球化时期的经济发展和政治合作。被借用的词汇单位需要经过语音和词汇的转换过程,这是由大多数普什图语和达里语的本土语言特点决定的。
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引用次数: 0
The Multifunctionality of Vestial Vocabulary in the Artistic Portrait of V.A. Gilyarovsky (based on the Autobiographical Novels "My Wanderings" and "People of the Theater") 吉尔亚罗夫斯基艺术肖像中残存词汇的多功能性(以自传体小说《我的漫游》和《剧场人》为例)
Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.21869/2223-151x-2023-13-1-17-28
Удк 81  373, Т.В. Летапурс, Т.М. Малыхина, V. Tat'yana, Letapurs, Tat'yana , M. Malykhina
The journalistic legacy of V.A. Gilyarovsky has been studied in sufficient detail, to a lesser extent, the attention of scientists was riveted to his autobiographical prose - the stories "My Wanderings" and "People of the Theater", the author's manner, the expression of an individual vision of the world and man. The article deals with the linguistic and stylistic features of the portrait of V.A. Gilyarovsky and reveals the originality of the vestial vocabulary, its function in describing the appearance of heroes of different social strata.The purpose of the study is to study the themes and problems of autobiographical prose, to carry out a linguistic analysis of portrait descriptions in the stories "My Wanderings" and to identify the specifics and functions of the vestial vocabulary. In the study, the emphasis was placed on understanding the features of the writer's style, the specifics of his portraits, the ethnolinguistic and etymological aspect of the clothing vocabulary.As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that in the autobiographical prose of V.A. Gilyarovsky, the main type of portrait is socio-historical, descriptive and everyday. Based on artistic tasks, the writer does not strive to comprehend the psychology of the characters or their rare individuality. There is no author's commentary in the portrait. The principles of the external image become fundamental. The "masculine" vision of the surrounding people leads to a lack of positive or negative expression, exaltation of feelings or sentimentality.Civil uniform, frock coat, tailcoat, livery in portraits have not only a descriptive function, "visualizing" the hero, but also reveal the position of the hero, determine his personal attitude to his own position in society. Uniform, overcoat, caps, boots represent uniforms, where the definitions emphasize the material, insignia, style and details of clothing; awards. This vocabulary is also of a historical and archaic nature, allowing the reader to imagine the features of the costume of the 19th century, to immerse themselves in an interesting, unknown, sometimes patriarchal world, which contributes to understanding the environment, its hierarchy and, at the same time, picturesque diversity.Female portraits with vestial vocabulary are rare; they perform a descriptive function, a function of social characterization. The legal requirement to wear official and particular dress is observed by officials who serve as heroes.The change in fashion, associated not only with the aesthetic, but also with the ideological and political views of the revolutionary youth, their desire to democratize their appearance, is shown by the portrait of the exiles, where the vocabulary of folk clothes, in particular, the appearance of urban workers, prevails. At the same time, accessories emphasize the "subculture" of nihilists.
va Gilyarovsky的新闻遗产已经得到了足够详细的研究,在较小程度上,科学家的注意力集中在他的自传体散文上——“我的漫游”和“剧院的人”的故事,作者的态度,对世界和人类的个人看法的表达。本文分析了吉尔雅罗夫斯基《肖像》的语言和风格特点,揭示了残余词汇的独创性及其在描写不同社会阶层英雄形象中的作用。本研究的目的是研究自传体散文的主题和问题,对《我的漫游》中的人物描写进行语言学分析,并确定残存词汇的特点和功能。在研究中,重点放在理解作家的风格特点,他的肖像的细节,民族语言和词源方面的服装词汇。分析表明,在吉尔亚罗夫斯基的自传体散文中,主要的肖像类型是社会历史的、描述性的和日常的。基于艺术任务,作者没有努力去理解人物的心理或他们罕见的个性。画像上没有作者的评论。外部形象的原则成为根本。周围人的“阳刚之气”视觉导致缺乏积极或消极的表达,情绪或多愁善感的提升。文官制服、礼服、燕尾服、制服在肖像中不仅具有描写、“形象化”英雄的功能,而且揭示了英雄的地位,决定了他对自己在社会中的地位的个人态度。制服,大衣,帽子,靴子代表制服,其中定义强调服装的材料,徽章,风格和细节;奖项。这些词汇也具有历史和古老的性质,允许读者想象19世纪服装的特征,让自己沉浸在一个有趣的,未知的,有时是父权的世界中,这有助于理解环境,它的等级制度,同时,风景如画的多样性。带有残存词汇的女性肖像很少见;它们有一种描述功能,一种社会特征的功能。法律规定,作为英雄的官员必须穿着正式的特殊服装。时尚的变化不仅与审美有关,而且与革命青年的思想和政治观点有关,他们希望使自己的外表民主化,这一点在流亡者的肖像中得到了体现,其中民间服装的词汇,特别是城市工人的外表,盛行。同时,配饰强调虚无主义者的“亚文化”。
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引用次数: 0
Trends in the Use of Anthroponyms in Media Texts (on the Example of the Newspaper «Kurskaya Pravda») 媒体文本中拟人词使用的趋势(以《库尔斯克真理报》为例)
Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.21869/2223-151x-2023-13-1-8-16
Ekaterina A. Bespalova, Anna S. Svezhentseva
The article examines the anthroponymic models by which the referent is named in newspaper texts of different decades. The purpose of the work is to identify trends in the use of anthroponyms in media texts based on a comparison of data on their use in the regional newspaper Kurskaya Pravda in various time periods (1990, 2000, 2010, 2020). The work uses such research methods as the continuous sampling method, observation of language material, systematization, analysis, generalization.The features of the use of one-component, two-component and three-component anthroponyms in full and abbreviated form in media texts are analyzed. It is noted that the second and third types are the most frequent, the ratio of which changes over time.Two main trends in the use of anthroponyms in newspaper texts have been identified: a significant reduction in the use of a three-component anthroponym, including initials and surname and actively used in the Soviet press, and a clear transition to the use of a two-component anthroponym, consisting of a full name and surname, which is one of the manifestations of the democratization of language, a means of creating a more modern image of the referent.It is shown that two-component naming (first name and last name), atypical for Soviet media culture, from the business and political sphere eventually passed into the media and was reflected in the language of the Kursk press; gradually this method of nomination became the main one; using this model of anthroponym, the authors of publications participate in the formation of the concept of modern naming, broadcasting emerging trends and spreading them in society.The study of the peculiarities of the use of anthroponyms in the media language contributes to the development of modern anthroponymy, it is important in terms of accumulating data on the current state of the media language.
本文考察了不同年代报纸文本中指称人的拟人模式。这项工作的目的是通过对不同时期(1990年、2000年、2010年、2020年)地区报纸《库尔斯克真理报》(Kurskaya Pravda)使用拟人词的数据进行比较,确定媒体文本中拟人词使用的趋势。本文采用了连续抽样法、语言材料观察法、系统化、分析化、概括化等研究方法。分析了媒介语篇中单成分、双成分和三成分拟人词的全称和缩略语使用特点。值得注意的是,第二和第三种类型是最常见的,其比例随时间而变化。在报纸文本中使用人名的两个主要趋势已被确定:苏联报刊中积极使用的包括首字母和姓氏在内的三成分人名的使用大幅减少,以及向使用包括全名和姓氏的两成分人名的明显过渡,这是语言民主化的表现之一,是创造指称者更现代形象的手段。研究表明,在苏联媒体文化中不典型的双成分命名(名和姓),从商业和政治领域最终进入媒体,并反映在库尔斯克出版社的语言中;这种提名方式逐渐成为主要的提名方式;通过这种拟人命名模式,出版物的作者参与了现代命名概念的形成,传播新趋势并在社会上传播。研究媒介语言中拟人词的使用特点,有助于现代拟人词的发展,对于积累媒介语言现状的数据具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
«The Nordic Countries Nightingale»: about Henrietta Nissen-Saloman’s Vocal School «北欧国家的夜莺»:关于亨丽埃塔·尼森-萨洛曼的声乐学校
Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.21869/2223-151x-2023-13-1-121-135
Е. Н. Кирносова, В. А. Моисеева, С. Тапия Саманьего, E. Kirnosova, V. A. Moiseeva, Cecilia Tapia Samaniego
The relevance of the topic is due to the introduction into scientific circulation in the last decade of new research materials related to the creative personality of Henrietta Nissen-Saloman. Her «School of Singing», first published in 1880, has been republished. The famous Swedish singer, professor of the St. Petersburg Conservatory, G. Nissen-Saloman has trained about thirty outstanding performers, vocal teachers for nineteen years of her life in Russia.The purpose of this publication is to reveal the significance of the artistic and pedagogical activities of Nissen-Saloman for the formation and development of the national vocal school. The authors' tasks include presenting the main stages of her creative path, opera and concert repertoire, and characteristics of her work at the conservatory during the Russian period of her life.The principles on which the vocal-pedagogical system of G. Nissen-Saloman was based – consistency, gradu-alness and expediency in acquiring technical skills, the formation of musical-theoretical knowledge and a sense of style among pupils – were inherited by her students. Among them are N. A. Iretskaya, E. A. Lavrovskaya, V. M. Zarudnaya, who made a significant contribution to the continuation of the Nissen-Saloman’s traditions in the St. Petersburg and Moscow conservatories, on concert and opera stages.The historical distance, which allows us to objectively consider the leading provisions of the Nissen-Saloman methodology in the context of the experience of foreign masters (primarily M. Garcia), the pedagogical approaches of M. I. Glinka, A. E. Varlamov and other creators of the Russian national singing school, gives grounds for a high as-sessment of the effectiveness of her system. Without a doubt, G. Nissen-Saloman is one of the cohort of the found-ers of the Russian vocal school and occupies an honorable place in it, and her «Singing School», created during the formation and heyday of the national vocal art, is of great practical importance for the training of modern young singers.
该主题的相关性是由于在过去十年中引入了与亨丽埃塔·尼森-萨洛曼的创造性人格有关的新研究材料。她的《歌唱学院》于1880年首次出版,现已再版。瑞典著名歌手,圣彼得堡音乐学院教授,G. Nissen-Saloman在俄罗斯生活了19年,培养了大约30名优秀的表演者,声乐教师。本出版物的目的是揭示尼森-萨洛曼的艺术和教学活动对民族声乐学校的形成和发展的意义。作者的任务包括介绍她创作道路的主要阶段,歌剧和音乐会曲目,以及她在俄罗斯生活期间在音乐学院工作的特点。尼森-萨洛曼的声乐教学体系所依据的原则——在获得技术技能方面的一致性、渐进式和权宜性,音乐理论知识的形成和学生的风格感——被她的学生继承了下来。其中包括n.a.伊列茨卡娅、E. a .拉夫罗夫斯卡娅、V. M.扎鲁德纳亚,他们在圣彼得堡和莫斯科音乐学院的音乐会和歌剧舞台上为延续尼森-萨洛曼的传统做出了重大贡献。历史的距离使我们能够客观地考虑尼森-萨洛曼方法论在外国大师(主要是M.加西亚)的经验背景下的主要规定,以及M. I.格林卡、a . E.瓦尔拉莫夫和俄罗斯民族歌唱学校的其他创造者的教学方法,这为对她的系统的有效性进行高评价提供了依据。毫无疑问,G. Nissen-Saloman是俄罗斯声乐流派的创始人之一,并在其中占有光荣的地位,她在国家声乐艺术形成和鼎盛时期创建的“歌唱学校”对培养现代青年歌手具有重要的现实意义。
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引用次数: 0
The role of Euphemisms in Modern Political Discourse 委婉语在现代政治话语中的作用
Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.21869/2223-151x-2023-13-1-45-51
Ekaterina N. Kondratenko
The present article is devoted to the analysis of euphemistic substitutions used in political discourse and having a particular place in mass media texts. Such studies are quite urgent because of the constant changes in the current political situation and the importance of reflecting these transformations in modern language. The purpose of this article is to study euphemisms in terms of their functioning in American political discourse. To achieve the goal, the following objectives were set: to study the concept of political discourse from different points of view, to demonstrate the veiled meaning of statements used in political texts of the media and American politicians’ speeches, and to consider methods of influencing the mass consciousness of native speakers. The study is based on the ability of euphemisms not only to neutralize negative values according to generally accepted political correctness but also to change the meaning of the statement in order to achieve the necessary communicative effect. It is taken into account the phenomenon of euphemia having been studied in sufficient detail from different angles. With the aim of finding out how to use implicit influence through political euphemisms it was provided an overview of the mass media such as USA Today, The Washington Post, The New York Times, CNN International. It was revealed that euphemisms are able to hide true meaning and thereby have an impact on the opinion of society, so they can be used as manipulative language means directing the audience’s attitude towards certain things in the desired way.
本文旨在分析政治话语中使用的委婉语替代及其在大众传媒语篇中的特殊地位。由于当前政治形势的不断变化以及在现代语言中反映这些变化的重要性,这类研究非常迫切。本文的目的是研究委婉语在美国政治话语中的功能。为了实现这一目标,我们设定了以下目标:从不同的角度研究政治话语的概念,展示媒体政治文本和美国政治家演讲中使用的语句的隐含意义,以及考虑影响母语人士大众意识的方法。研究的基础是,委婉语不仅能够根据普遍接受的政治正确来中和负面价值,而且能够改变语句的意义以达到必要的交际效果。它考虑到euphemia现象已经从不同的角度进行了足够详细的研究。为了找出如何通过政治委婉语使用隐性影响,本文概述了《今日美国》、《华盛顿邮报》、《纽约时报》、CNN国际等大众媒体。研究发现,委婉语能够隐藏真实的含义,从而对社会舆论产生影响,可以作为一种操纵性的语言手段,引导受众对某些事物的态度,使其达到预期的效果。
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引用次数: 0
Ways to Neutralize Gender Attribution of Phraseological Units (Based on Media Texts) 词汇单位性别归属的中和方法(基于媒介文本)
Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.21869/2223-151x-2023-13-1-37-44
E. Bespalova
The article is devoted to the analysis of cases of neutralization of gender attribution of phraseological units in their live use in modern media speech. Russian Russian phraseology The aim of the work is to study the dynamics of ideas about the masculine and feminine gender in Russian phraseology based on the identification of forms of neutralization of gender attribution, their classification and analysis of the noted transformations when using stable combinations in newspaper texts of the National Corpus of the Russian language. The following research methods are used in the work: continuous sampling method, observation of language material, lexicographic, lexico-semantic and contextual analysis, classification, analysis, generalization. Three ways of neutralization of gender attribution of phraseological units are considered: neutralization of gender at the level of dictionary definitions (indication of kinship with a person as a whole, without gender differentiation: Ivan, who does not remember kinship), neutralization at the grammatical level (compatibility with the object of the opposite grammatical gender: sleeping beauty), the use of phraseological turnover in relation to the person of the opposite pola (free Cossack). It is shown that, despite the strength of gender stereotypes in the linguistic consciousness, they are not frozen: gender representations change in the process of social development, which is expressed in the transformation of semantics and the compatibility of gender-marked phraseological units, rethinking their one-line connection with masculinity / femininity.The identification of ways to neutralize the gender attribution of phraseological units contributes to the study of gender manifestations in phraseology. The description of modern phraseological usage is important from the point of view of ascertaining the constancy in the linguistic consciousness of established gender stereotypes and shifts in their perception, as well as the accumulation of data on the mechanisms of functioning of idiomatics and the development of phraseological meaning.
本文分析了现代媒介话语中词汇单位性别归因中和的实例。本研究的目的是通过对俄语国家语料库报纸文本中性别归因中和形式的识别、分类和使用稳定组合时的显著变化分析,研究俄语短语中男性和女性观念的动态变化。研究方法包括:连续抽样法、语言材料观察法、词典法、词汇语义和语境分析法、分类法、分析法、概括法。本文考虑了词汇单位性别归因的三种中和方式:在字典定义层面的性别中和(表明与一个人作为一个整体的亲属关系,没有性别区分:伊万,他不记得亲属关系),在语法层面的中和(与相反语法性别的对象的兼容性:睡美人),在与相反pola的人(自由哥萨克)的关系中使用短语转换。研究表明,尽管语言意识中存在着性别刻板印象,但它们并不是一成不变的:性别表征在社会发展的过程中发生了变化,表现在语义的转变和性别标记的词汇单位的兼容性上,重新思考它们与男性/女性气质的单线联系。找出消除短语单位性别属性的方法有助于研究短语中的性别表现。现代词汇用法的描述,不仅可以从确定已确立的性别刻板印象的语言意识的恒常性及其感知的转变,还可以从积累习语功能机制和短语意义发展的数据等方面进行研究。
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引用次数: 0
The Experimental Study of the Image of Russian Color Term Blue in the Consciousness of Russian Culture Bearers 俄语“蓝色”一词在俄罗斯文化承载者意识中的形象实验研究
Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.21869/2223-151x-2023-13-1-80-97
E. Tanygina
The article is devoted to the study of the color term blue. This color occupies an important place in the color picture of the world of representatives of Russian culture, which determines the relevance of the empirical study of the image of this color term from the point of view of psycholinguistics. The theoretical basis of the study was the work of A.A. Zalevskaya, A.P. Vasilevich, E.I. Goroshko.When organizing and conducting the research, we assumed that individual and cultural knowledge about color are united in the linguistic consciousness. So, any image in the consciousness of an individual has its cultural and personal component. The main methods used in the work are associative experiment, semantic differential, factorial and definitional analyses. We used the data from related sciences in the process of analyzing the results of the study. The study was conducted on the basis of Southwest State University among full-time and part-time students.The work shows the structure of the associative field of the color term blue in different time periods, which al-lows us to clearly demonstrate the dynamics of changes in this field over the past thirty years.The article also examines the gender structure of the associative field of the color term blue, highlights general gender-neutral associations, as well as associations that are typically female or typically male. In addition, a factor analysis of the results of the semantic differential is carried out from the point of view of the gender characteristics of the perception of color term blue.The methodology of organizing and conducting experimental research described in the paper can be success-fully used for psycholinguistic research of images of various stimulus words. The data obtained during the experiment can be used not only in linguistics, but also in marketing, psychology and advertising.
这篇文章致力于对蓝色这个颜色术语的研究。这种颜色在俄罗斯文化代表世界的色彩图景中占有重要地位,这决定了从心理语言学的角度对这种色彩意象进行实证研究的相关性。这项研究的理论基础是A.A. Zalevskaya, A.P. Vasilevich, E.I. Goroshko的工作。在组织和开展研究时,我们假设关于颜色的个人知识和文化知识在语言意识中是统一的。因此,个人意识中的任何形象都有其文化和个人成分。研究的主要方法是联想实验、语义差分、析因分析和定义分析。在分析研究结果的过程中,我们使用了相关科学的数据。该研究以西南州立大学为基础,在全日制和非全日制学生中进行。作品展示了蓝色在不同时期的联想场结构,这使我们能够清楚地展示过去三十年来该领域的变化动态。本文还研究了蓝色联想领域的性别结构,强调了一般的性别中性联想,以及典型的女性或典型的男性联想。此外,从颜色词蓝色感知的性别特征出发,对语义差异结果进行了因子分析。本文所描述的实验研究的组织和开展方法可以成功地用于各种刺激词图像的心理语言学研究。实验中得到的数据不仅可以用于语言学,还可以用于市场营销、心理学和广告学。
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引用次数: 0
Features of the Social Situation of a Child's Development with an Allergic Disease 儿童过敏性疾病发展的社会环境特征
Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.21869/2223-151x-2023-13-1-174-182
T. Vasilenko, Anna Blum, A. Bogomazov
With all the variety of approaches to the study of the social situation of a child's development in the presence of somatic distress, currently insufficient attention is paid to the problems of the occurrence and course of allergies of unclear genesis. Consideration of an allergy of unclear genesis through the prism of a psychosomatic reaction is im-possible without taking into account the social situation of the child's development. In our study, we consider the pe-culiarities of the social situation of a child's development by studying various psychological characteristics, ranging from the characteristics of intra-family conflicts, the type of upbringing, the quality of contact between mother and child, and ending with the past experience of the child's mother interacting with her own mother. The aim of the study is to study the peculiarities of the social situation of a child's development in the manifestation of allergies of both clear and unclear genesis.The article presents the results of a study of 63 mothers with children, who were further divided into three groups, depending on the presence of a diagnosis of allergy of clear/unclear genesis or its absence. Taking into ac-count the set goals, our study used groups of methods focused on studying the peculiarities of the social situation of child development: clinical conversation, analysis of medical documentation, developed questionnaire aimed at diag-nostic examination of mothers and their children with allergies of unclear genesis, as well as children without allergies of unclear genesis, in order to identify risk factors disorders of mental and psychosomatic health, psychodiagnostic methods.According to the results of the study, the article presents a differentiated identification of factors of violation of the social situation of the child's development, by studying the quality of contact between mother and child, determin-ing the significance of the influence of past negative experiences of interaction with one's own mother; disturbed in-tra-family relations, which in the future may act as a trigger for the manifestation of allergies of unclear genesis in children.
虽然有各种各样的方法来研究躯体窘迫下儿童发育的社会状况,但目前对来历不明的过敏的发生和过程的关注不够。如果不考虑儿童发展的社会环境,通过心身反应的棱镜来考虑来历不明的过敏是不可能的。在我们的研究中,我们通过研究各种心理特征来考虑儿童发展的社会环境的特殊性,从家庭内部冲突的特征、教养的类型、母亲和孩子之间接触的质量,到孩子的母亲与自己的母亲过去的互动经验。这项研究的目的是研究一个孩子的社会状况的特点,在过敏的表现清楚和不清楚的起源。这篇文章介绍了一项对63位有孩子的母亲的研究结果,这些母亲被进一步分为三组,这取决于是否诊断出过敏的原因清楚/不清楚或是否过敏。考虑到设定的目标,我们的研究采用了侧重于研究儿童发展社会状况特殊性的方法组:临床谈话、医学文献分析、针对不明原因过敏的母亲及其子女以及无不明原因过敏的儿童制定的诊断检查问卷,以确定精神和心身健康障碍的危险因素、心理诊断方法。根据研究结果,本文通过研究母亲与孩子之间的接触质量,确定过去与自己母亲互动的负面经历对儿童发展的影响的重要性,提出了对违反儿童社会状况因素的差异化识别;家庭内部关系受到干扰,这在未来可能会引发不明原因的儿童过敏症状。
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引用次数: 0
Linguodidactic Testing in the Digital Environment as a Tool for Teaching and Controlling the Formation of Language Competence of Foreign Speakers 数字环境下的语言教学测试作为教学工具和控制外语使用者语言能力的形成
Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.21869/2223-151x-2023-13-1-106-120
T. V. Kovaleva, I. Amelina
The article analyzes the system of test tasks in Russian as a foreign language at the stage of pre-university training, designed to control the language competence of students.The aim of the study is to provide high-quality test technologies that contribute to the formation of language competencies of foreign speakers in the conditions of distance and blended learning formats, to analyze their effec-tiveness in study monitoring, self-control and corrective measures.The test materials and the results of the current, interim and final test control in Russian as a foreign language serve as the material of the study. The test materials were created by the authors on the Moodle platform for teaching foreign citizens at the stage of pre-university training at Southwest State University and were uploaded to SWSU’s electronic information educational environment.The Moodle platform has a wide range of tools for designing test tasks, statistical processing of test results, which allow teachers to get information about the quality of tests.The authors of the study conducted a selective statistical analysis of the tests for the current, interim and final control, followed by the adjustment of certain test questions. Statistical analysis took into account such parameters as ease index, standard deviation, random guess score, target weight, effective weight, discrimination index, discrimina-tion efficiency.Automated control at the initial stage of learning Russian as a foreign language is systematic and regular and makes it possible to check the knowledge and skills in vocabulary and grammar acquired in the process of learning, allows the teachers to objectively evaluate and compare the successes and shortcomings in the educational activities of foreign stu-dents, to identify the level of language proficiency, excluding the teacher’s subjective opinion of the student and provides for the possibility of feedback, significantly reduces the time spent on checking and analyzing the results.The authors came to the conclusion that the analyzed tests optimize the learning process and objectify control, give students the opportunity of self-control and teachers the opportunity of varying ways to control and manage stu-dents’ independent learning activity.
本文分析了大学预科阶段对外俄语考试任务体系,旨在控制学生的语言能力。本研究的目的是提供高质量的测试技术,以促进远距离和混合学习模式下外语学习者语言能力的形成,并分析其在学习监控、自我控制和纠正措施方面的有效性。本研究以俄语作为外语的测试材料和当前、中期和最终测试控制的结果作为研究材料。测试材料由作者在西南州立大学大学预科阶段的外国公民教学Moodle平台上制作,并上传至西南州立大学电子信息教育环境。Moodle平台有广泛的工具来设计测试任务,统计测试结果,使教师能够获得有关测试质量的信息。本研究的作者对当前、中期和最终控制的测试进行了选择性统计分析,随后对某些测试问题进行了调整。统计分析考虑了易度指数、标准差、随机猜测分数、目标权重、有效权重、判别指标、判别效率等参数。在学习俄语作为外语的初始阶段的自动控制是系统和规律的,可以检查在学习过程中获得的词汇和语法方面的知识和技能,使教师能够客观地评价和比较外国学生在教育活动中的成功和缺点,以确定语言水平。排除了教师对学生的主观意见,并提供了反馈的可能性,大大减少了检查和分析结果所花费的时间。本文认为,所分析的测试优化了学习过程,使控制客观化,为学生提供了自我控制的机会,也为教师提供了多种方式来控制和管理学生自主学习活动的机会。
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引用次数: 0
The Work on Breathing and Sound Formation with Aspiring Singers 有抱负的歌手在呼吸和发声方面的工作
Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.21869/2223-151x-2023-13-1-149-155
Svetlana V. Shengelia, V. A. Moiseeva
The relevance of this topic is that young teachers often do not pay due attention to the organization of singing breathing among students, and this leads to defects in sound formation. The article deals with issues related to the training of academic vocalists in the aspect of proper organization of breathing. Singing breathing is the basis of the entire performing process, not only the improvement of vocal and technical skills, but also the artistic result depend on it. The task set by the authors is to consider breathing as the basis of sound science and to reveal the features of working on it. Breathing, as the foundation of professional singing, is connected with other factors of sound formation: with their development and improvement, breathing is strengthened in parallel. The authors formulate the conditions for obtaining a high singing position: free position of the larynx and mouth, rounded and covered sound, soft attack of sound, close and bright sound.As a result, there is beauty and saturation of timbre, "flight" of the voice. In the course of classes, the raised tone, desire and aspiration of the singer to achieve the goal are important. Vocal training is a purely individual pro-cess, therefore, young teachers should be in close contact with students, controlling their first steps in mastering vo-cal technique: in the organization of breathing, the development of a high singing position, the removal of muscle clamps of the larynx, the control of sound science. The authors summarize the recommendations of outstanding vo-cal teachers of the past years, and also offer their own instructions and terms based on many years of personal vocal pedagogical and performing experience.
这个话题的相关性是,青年教师往往不重视学生唱歌呼吸的组织,从而导致声音形成的缺陷。本文论述了在培养学院派歌手时,应注意的有关呼吸组织的问题。歌唱呼吸是整个表演过程的基础,不仅声乐和技术技能的提高,而且艺术效果也有赖于此。作者设定的任务是将呼吸视为声音科学的基础,并揭示研究呼吸的特点。呼吸作为专业歌唱的基础,与发声的其他因素相联系,随着它们的发展和完善,呼吸也随之加强。提出了获得高唱位的条件:喉口位置自由,声音圆润覆盖,声音柔和,声音贴近明亮。因此,有美丽和饱和的音色,“飞行”的声音。在课堂上,提高音调,演唱者实现目标的愿望和抱负是很重要的。声乐训练是一个纯粹的个人过程,因此,青年教师应该与学生密切接触,控制他们掌握声乐技术的第一步:在呼吸的组织,一个高唱的位置的发展,喉部肌肉钳的去除,声音科学的控制。作者总结了历年来优秀声乐教师的建议,并结合多年的个人声乐教学和表演经验,提出了自己的指导意见和条件。
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引用次数: 0
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Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: Linguistics and Pedagogy
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