Pub Date : 2023-06-24DOI: 10.1080/08957959.2023.2225702
Vili Grigorova, S. Shcheka, F. Salehi, K. Kamenev, S. Clark
ABSTRACT A 3D Finite Element Analysis model was developed to describe the temperature distribution inside a novel neutron transparent high-pressure sample assembly. The validity of the model was established by conducting experimental validation. The Finite Element Analysis model was utilised to evaluate the sample assembly’s temperature gradients and optimise its geometry and components. The results indicate that the discrepancy between the temperature recorded in the laboratory using thermocouples and the temperature calculated by the Finite Element Analysis model was only 4% under the assumption that the thermocouple was positioned in the middle of the sample assembly. The models further demonstrate that the Finite Element Analysis approach is a valuable tool for optimising the sample assembly by considering the impact of different materials and variations in the shape of its components.
{"title":"Use of finite element analysis for the thermal gradient determination of a neutron transparent high-pressure sample environment for neutron tomography","authors":"Vili Grigorova, S. Shcheka, F. Salehi, K. Kamenev, S. Clark","doi":"10.1080/08957959.2023.2225702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959.2023.2225702","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 A 3D Finite Element Analysis model was developed to describe the temperature distribution inside a novel neutron transparent high-pressure sample assembly. The validity of the model was established by conducting experimental validation. The Finite Element Analysis model was utilised to evaluate the sample assembly’s temperature gradients and optimise its geometry and components. The results indicate that the discrepancy between the temperature recorded in the laboratory using thermocouples and the temperature calculated by the Finite Element Analysis model was only 4% under the assumption that the thermocouple was positioned in the middle of the sample assembly. The models further demonstrate that the Finite Element Analysis approach is a valuable tool for optimising the sample assembly by considering the impact of different materials and variations in the shape of its components.","PeriodicalId":12864,"journal":{"name":"High Pressure Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"215 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43377774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-04DOI: 10.1080/08957959.2023.2218535
S. Rashchenko, M. Kolesnichenko, Anastasia O. Mikhno, A. Shatskiy
ABSTRACT Na-Ca double carbonates were found as the inclusions in ‘superdeep’ Juina diamonds and as the products of high pressure experiments and thus are regarded as the potential host of CO2 in the deep mantle. Recently, Na-rich carbonate (21.0% wt. of Na2O vs. 13.6% wt. of CaO) was reported as the product of experiment with carbonated eclogite treated at 21 GPa and 1200°C. Na/Ca ratio of this carbonate corresponds to Na4Ca(CO3)3 phase with cubic symmetry synthesized at 6 GPa. The stability of Na4Ca(CO3)3 at higher pressures has not been investigated yet. Herein, we report an in situ Raman study of Na4Ca(CO3)3 carbonate up to 11 GPa in order to reveal stability of its structure at mantle pressures. Obtained results strongly imply for reversible phase transition near 8 GPa associated with decrease of symmetry. The observed phase transition questions the stability of cubic Na4Ca(CO3)3 under conditions of mantle transition zone.
{"title":"High pressure Raman study of Na4Ca(CO3)3 from the ambient pressure to 11 GPa","authors":"S. Rashchenko, M. Kolesnichenko, Anastasia O. Mikhno, A. Shatskiy","doi":"10.1080/08957959.2023.2218535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959.2023.2218535","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Na-Ca double carbonates were found as the inclusions in ‘superdeep’ Juina diamonds and as the products of high pressure experiments and thus are regarded as the potential host of CO2 in the deep mantle. Recently, Na-rich carbonate (21.0% wt. of Na2O vs. 13.6% wt. of CaO) was reported as the product of experiment with carbonated eclogite treated at 21 GPa and 1200°C. Na/Ca ratio of this carbonate corresponds to Na4Ca(CO3)3 phase with cubic symmetry synthesized at 6 GPa. The stability of Na4Ca(CO3)3 at higher pressures has not been investigated yet. Herein, we report an in situ Raman study of Na4Ca(CO3)3 carbonate up to 11 GPa in order to reveal stability of its structure at mantle pressures. Obtained results strongly imply for reversible phase transition near 8 GPa associated with decrease of symmetry. The observed phase transition questions the stability of cubic Na4Ca(CO3)3 under conditions of mantle transition zone.","PeriodicalId":12864,"journal":{"name":"High Pressure Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"205 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43882936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-27DOI: 10.1080/08957959.2023.2209731
R. Hrubiak, M. Rivers
ABSTRACT Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXD) at synchrotron beamlines is commonly used for the study of material properties under high pressure and/or high temperature. Experimenters typically rely on the availability of robust data collection and analysis at a beamline, but this has become increasingly difficult, especially with the introduction of multi-element detectors that generate complex, multi-dimensional data sets. These data sets have energy resolution, and they can also be resolved in relation to sample position, diffraction angle, or different external stimuli. We report a new Python-based graphical program, hpMCA, for EDXD data collection and analysis that streamlines the experimental process for the beamline users. The program features a user-friendly interface, capability for online viewing and analyzing data from multi-element energy-dispersive detectors, and includes features useful for working with samples under high pressure and/or high temperature, such as crystal phase identification, real-time unit cell lattice refinement, and pressure determination based on an equation of state.
{"title":"hpMCA: a Python-based graphical program for energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction data collection and analysis","authors":"R. Hrubiak, M. Rivers","doi":"10.1080/08957959.2023.2209731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959.2023.2209731","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXD) at synchrotron beamlines is commonly used for the study of material properties under high pressure and/or high temperature. Experimenters typically rely on the availability of robust data collection and analysis at a beamline, but this has become increasingly difficult, especially with the introduction of multi-element detectors that generate complex, multi-dimensional data sets. These data sets have energy resolution, and they can also be resolved in relation to sample position, diffraction angle, or different external stimuli. We report a new Python-based graphical program, hpMCA, for EDXD data collection and analysis that streamlines the experimental process for the beamline users. The program features a user-friendly interface, capability for online viewing and analyzing data from multi-element energy-dispersive detectors, and includes features useful for working with samples under high pressure and/or high temperature, such as crystal phase identification, real-time unit cell lattice refinement, and pressure determination based on an equation of state.","PeriodicalId":12864,"journal":{"name":"High Pressure Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"175 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46568825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-14DOI: 10.1080/08957959.2023.2209902
R. Khasanov, M. Elender, S. Klotz
ABSTRACT We discuss the use of commercial high power light emitting diodes (LEDs) as a light source for fluorescence pressure measurements. The relatively broad light emitting spectra of single color LEDs (in comparison with lasers) do not prevent producing narrow fluorescence lines at least for two widely used pressure indicator materials, namely ruby ( ) and strontium tetraborate ( ). Strongest responses of both pressure gauges were detected for the green color LEDs with the average wavelength . LEDs might be easily implemented for producing fiber-coupled, as well as the parallel light sources. LEDs were found to be efficient to replace laser sources in piston-cylinder cell and diamond anvil cell fluorescence pressure measurement setups.
{"title":"The use of LEDs as a light source for fluorescence pressure measurements","authors":"R. Khasanov, M. Elender, S. Klotz","doi":"10.1080/08957959.2023.2209902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959.2023.2209902","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We discuss the use of commercial high power light emitting diodes (LEDs) as a light source for fluorescence pressure measurements. The relatively broad light emitting spectra of single color LEDs (in comparison with lasers) do not prevent producing narrow fluorescence lines at least for two widely used pressure indicator materials, namely ruby ( ) and strontium tetraborate ( ). Strongest responses of both pressure gauges were detected for the green color LEDs with the average wavelength . LEDs might be easily implemented for producing fiber-coupled, as well as the parallel light sources. LEDs were found to be efficient to replace laser sources in piston-cylinder cell and diamond anvil cell fluorescence pressure measurement setups.","PeriodicalId":12864,"journal":{"name":"High Pressure Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"192 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43578092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT High pressure can induce significant sensory quality changes in fish. Considering the important role of raw attributes in ready-to-eat aquatic products, our study thus focused on combination treatments prior to pressurization, to maintain grass carp quality. Fish fillets with or without salting and/or slight drying were pressurized under 0.1, 300, 400, and 500 MPa for 10 min. Microbiological, sensorial, and chemical analyses were performed to assess fish quality. The salting and slight drying combination have synergistic impacts on alleviation of fish quality changes after pressurization, e.g. muscle semi-transparency, lower lightness, and stronger water-holding capacity. This could be associated with enhanced fibrous interconnection and protein structure (less decrease of α-helix contents, less amino acid residue exposures). By contrast, fillets without pretreatments, or after single salting or drying process, had unfavorable quality alterations after pressurization. Therefore, appropriate means for developing novel ready-to-eat products can be carried out by targeting pressure-sensitive aquatic foods.
{"title":"Salting and slight drying as combination pretreatments to alleviate quality alteration of raw grass carp fillets after high pressure processing","authors":"Linyun Chen, Bian-Sheng Li, Zheng Ruan, Jiang Qian","doi":"10.1080/08957959.2023.2198647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959.2023.2198647","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT High pressure can induce significant sensory quality changes in fish. Considering the important role of raw attributes in ready-to-eat aquatic products, our study thus focused on combination treatments prior to pressurization, to maintain grass carp quality. Fish fillets with or without salting and/or slight drying were pressurized under 0.1, 300, 400, and 500 MPa for 10 min. Microbiological, sensorial, and chemical analyses were performed to assess fish quality. The salting and slight drying combination have synergistic impacts on alleviation of fish quality changes after pressurization, e.g. muscle semi-transparency, lower lightness, and stronger water-holding capacity. This could be associated with enhanced fibrous interconnection and protein structure (less decrease of α-helix contents, less amino acid residue exposures). By contrast, fillets without pretreatments, or after single salting or drying process, had unfavorable quality alterations after pressurization. Therefore, appropriate means for developing novel ready-to-eat products can be carried out by targeting pressure-sensitive aquatic foods.","PeriodicalId":12864,"journal":{"name":"High Pressure Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"121 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48480371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-02DOI: 10.1080/08957959.2023.2195110
Hsiuming Liu, S. Ueno, T. Araki
ABSTRACT Green tea catechins can improve human health, and their retention during processing is a concern. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) blanching is a nonthermal processing that can increase both nutrients and flavor in tea. Thermal blanching retains catechins but decreases nutrients and flavor. We investigated catechin retention potency via HHP and thermal treatment. Fresh green tea leaves were pressurized at 100–800 MPa and/or heated for 10 min at 40°C–70°C and then stored for 24 hours. Tea catechin content was drastically reduced after storage without HHP, which yielded a 1.5–8.0-fold increase. HHP showed a smiling curve relationship with catechin retention, with the highest levels found at 200 and 800 MPa. Synergistic effects of HHP on thermal processing were found at 40°C–50°C but not at 60°C–80°C. Processing at 200 MPa combined with 50°C yielded 88% catechin retention. Our results suggest this combination as an optimal strategy for retaining tea catechins, nutrients, and flavor.
{"title":"Effect of high-hydrostatic-pressure processing on catechin content in green tea leaves","authors":"Hsiuming Liu, S. Ueno, T. Araki","doi":"10.1080/08957959.2023.2195110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959.2023.2195110","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Green tea catechins can improve human health, and their retention during processing is a concern. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) blanching is a nonthermal processing that can increase both nutrients and flavor in tea. Thermal blanching retains catechins but decreases nutrients and flavor. We investigated catechin retention potency via HHP and thermal treatment. Fresh green tea leaves were pressurized at 100–800 MPa and/or heated for 10 min at 40°C–70°C and then stored for 24 hours. Tea catechin content was drastically reduced after storage without HHP, which yielded a 1.5–8.0-fold increase. HHP showed a smiling curve relationship with catechin retention, with the highest levels found at 200 and 800 MPa. Synergistic effects of HHP on thermal processing were found at 40°C–50°C but not at 60°C–80°C. Processing at 200 MPa combined with 50°C yielded 88% catechin retention. Our results suggest this combination as an optimal strategy for retaining tea catechins, nutrients, and flavor.","PeriodicalId":12864,"journal":{"name":"High Pressure Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"97 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46578943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.1080/08957959.2023.2195109
Ming Gao, Kazuki Nomura, Y. Ando, Yoshiko Nakaura, Zhenya Zhang, Kazutaka Yamamoto
ABSTRACT Carrot was impregnated with pigment solution by vacuum heat sealing (VS) and/or high hydrostatic pressure treatment (HHP; 100–600 MPa, 25°C, 5 min). Impregnation efficacy was evaluated as impregnation ratio (%) by image analysis, while damages of cell membrane and texture were quantified by electrical impedance spectroscopy and texture analysis, respectively. Combinations of VS and HHP exclusively achieved 100% impregnation. Meanwhile, the damages were comparable between the samples after VS and VS + 100 MPa treatment and aggravated by elevated levels of HHP. As for the texture, breaking stress (hardness) decreased after VS and VS + HHP (100–600 MPa) comparably. Meanwhile, breaking strain (deformability) significantly increased after VS + HHP (200–600 MPa), indicating further damage of strain texture as compared with that after VS and VS + 100 MPa treatments. It was indicated that impregnation of carrot was fully achieved by a combination of VS and 100 MPa treatment, while minimizing the cell membrane and texture damages. Difference in the impregnation efficacy between carrot and apple was discussed based on their image data.
{"title":"Vacuum impregnation of liquid into carrot assisted by high hydrostatic pressure","authors":"Ming Gao, Kazuki Nomura, Y. Ando, Yoshiko Nakaura, Zhenya Zhang, Kazutaka Yamamoto","doi":"10.1080/08957959.2023.2195109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959.2023.2195109","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Carrot was impregnated with pigment solution by vacuum heat sealing (VS) and/or high hydrostatic pressure treatment (HHP; 100–600 MPa, 25°C, 5 min). Impregnation efficacy was evaluated as impregnation ratio (%) by image analysis, while damages of cell membrane and texture were quantified by electrical impedance spectroscopy and texture analysis, respectively. Combinations of VS and HHP exclusively achieved 100% impregnation. Meanwhile, the damages were comparable between the samples after VS and VS + 100 MPa treatment and aggravated by elevated levels of HHP. As for the texture, breaking stress (hardness) decreased after VS and VS + HHP (100–600 MPa) comparably. Meanwhile, breaking strain (deformability) significantly increased after VS + HHP (200–600 MPa), indicating further damage of strain texture as compared with that after VS and VS + 100 MPa treatments. It was indicated that impregnation of carrot was fully achieved by a combination of VS and 100 MPa treatment, while minimizing the cell membrane and texture damages. Difference in the impregnation efficacy between carrot and apple was discussed based on their image data.","PeriodicalId":12864,"journal":{"name":"High Pressure Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"142 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44030109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-03DOI: 10.1080/08957959.2023.2184265
Maricarmen Íñiguez-Moreno, G. Ascanio, M. Calderón‐Santoyo, E. Brito-Bazán, E. Brito-de la Fuente, J. A. Ragazzo‐Sánchez
ABSTRACT A predictive model based on the Box–Behnken design was developed to determine the effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), temperature, and cycles (each holding time of 10 min) on the inactivation of Aspergillus niger spores and in the droplet size of a model emulsion. The obtained model presented goodness of fit to the data with a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.91) and adjusted correlation coefficient value ( 0.88), with no significant lack-of-fit test (p = 0.6031). The canonical analysis provides the conditions (37.29 °C, 263.33 MPa, and, 1.88 cycles) to reduce 5.0 Log10 CFU/mL of A. nigger. Under such conditions, emulsions exhibited a monomodal distribution of droplet size. However, as temperature and pressure increased, both the PDI, D3,2, and D4,3 values increased (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, the proposed model has the potential to predict the reduction of A. niger spores by HHP without causing emulsion destabilization.
{"title":"Modeling the inactivation of Aspergillus niger spores in a model parenteral emulsion by high hydrostatic pressure and its effect on the emulsion droplet size","authors":"Maricarmen Íñiguez-Moreno, G. Ascanio, M. Calderón‐Santoyo, E. Brito-Bazán, E. Brito-de la Fuente, J. A. Ragazzo‐Sánchez","doi":"10.1080/08957959.2023.2184265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959.2023.2184265","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A predictive model based on the Box–Behnken design was developed to determine the effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), temperature, and cycles (each holding time of 10 min) on the inactivation of Aspergillus niger spores and in the droplet size of a model emulsion. The obtained model presented goodness of fit to the data with a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.91) and adjusted correlation coefficient value ( 0.88), with no significant lack-of-fit test (p = 0.6031). The canonical analysis provides the conditions (37.29 °C, 263.33 MPa, and, 1.88 cycles) to reduce 5.0 Log10 CFU/mL of A. nigger. Under such conditions, emulsions exhibited a monomodal distribution of droplet size. However, as temperature and pressure increased, both the PDI, D3,2, and D4,3 values increased (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, the proposed model has the potential to predict the reduction of A. niger spores by HHP without causing emulsion destabilization.","PeriodicalId":12864,"journal":{"name":"High Pressure Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"106 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45656232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08957959.2023.2194022
Muhammad Sabeeh Akram, Zhuo-Ning Fan, Fu-sheng Liu
ABSTRACT We report the equation of state and optical properties of shock-compressed liquid nitrogen (LN2) by using a two-stage light-gas gun at pressure up to 29 GPa. Laser velocimetry measurements were used to investigate the transparency and refractive index of shocked LN2 as a function of density. As the density increased with increasing pressure and temperature (13–25 GPa), the refractive index increased up to 27% of pre-shot index of LN2. Evidently, such extreme conditions had no major influence on molecules, and no such dissociation was observed up to 25 GPa. The polarizability slightly decreased and thus supported the existence of intact diatomic molecular nitrogen. At 29 GPa, shocked LN2 dissociated, showing that it probably changed to a highly reflecting fluid. Altogether, these experiments showed how the density affects the refractive index without any change in chemical bonding and allocates the condition at which the temperature-driven dissociation takes place.
{"title":"Refractive index of shock-compressed liquid nitrogen up to 29 GPa","authors":"Muhammad Sabeeh Akram, Zhuo-Ning Fan, Fu-sheng Liu","doi":"10.1080/08957959.2023.2194022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959.2023.2194022","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 We report the equation of state and optical properties of shock-compressed liquid nitrogen (LN2) by using a two-stage light-gas gun at pressure up to 29 GPa. Laser velocimetry measurements were used to investigate the transparency and refractive index of shocked LN2 as a function of density. As the density increased with increasing pressure and temperature (13–25 GPa), the refractive index increased up to 27% of pre-shot index of LN2. Evidently, such extreme conditions had no major influence on molecules, and no such dissociation was observed up to 25 GPa. The polarizability slightly decreased and thus supported the existence of intact diatomic molecular nitrogen. At 29 GPa, shocked LN2 dissociated, showing that it probably changed to a highly reflecting fluid. Altogether, these experiments showed how the density affects the refractive index without any change in chemical bonding and allocates the condition at which the temperature-driven dissociation takes place.","PeriodicalId":12864,"journal":{"name":"High Pressure Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"81 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47714950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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