Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08957959.2023.2187294
J. D. McHardy, C. Storm, M. Duff, S. Macleod, M. McMahon
ABSTRACT Dioptas is a widely used software package for integrating and analysing 2-dimensional diffraction images. To help interpret the integrated diffraction profiles it produces, Dioptas users can input files that parameterise a material's thermal equation of state (EoS), enabling the positions of the Bragg peaks from that material to be calculated as a function of pressure and temperature. However, care is needed to ensure that these input files correctly describe the thermal EoS of interest. Here we describe the thermal EoS model used by Dioptas and show how existing thermal EoS should be reparameterised so as to be used correctly in Dioptas. Input EoS files suitable for use with Dioptas are provided for the following commonly-used pressure calibrants and pressure transmitting media: Al, Au, Cu, Mo, Nb, Pt, Ta, hcp-Fe, MgO, NaCl-B1, NaCl-B2, KCl-B2, and Ne.
{"title":"On the creation of thermal equations of state for use in Dioptas","authors":"J. D. McHardy, C. Storm, M. Duff, S. Macleod, M. McMahon","doi":"10.1080/08957959.2023.2187294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959.2023.2187294","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Dioptas is a widely used software package for integrating and analysing 2-dimensional diffraction images. To help interpret the integrated diffraction profiles it produces, Dioptas users can input files that parameterise a material's thermal equation of state (EoS), enabling the positions of the Bragg peaks from that material to be calculated as a function of pressure and temperature. However, care is needed to ensure that these input files correctly describe the thermal EoS of interest. Here we describe the thermal EoS model used by Dioptas and show how existing thermal EoS should be reparameterised so as to be used correctly in Dioptas. Input EoS files suitable for use with Dioptas are provided for the following commonly-used pressure calibrants and pressure transmitting media: Al, Au, Cu, Mo, Nb, Pt, Ta, hcp-Fe, MgO, NaCl-B1, NaCl-B2, KCl-B2, and Ne.","PeriodicalId":12864,"journal":{"name":"High Pressure Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"40 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46266211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08957959.2023.2193892
Akira Hasegawa, K. Ohta, T. Yagi, Kei Hirose
ABSTRACT We have measured the thermal diffusivity and conductivity of platinum and MgO periclase at high pressures (P) and high temperatures (T) by combining the pulsed light heating thermoreflectance technique with a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. The obtained thermal conductivity of platinum shows positive pressure and temperature dependences, reaching about 210 W/m/K at the highest P–T condition of 125 GPa and 1850 K. The thermal conductivity of periclase was determined up to 140 GPa and 1950 K, corresponding to the Earth's lowermost mantle, where the conductivity was about 90 W/m/K. Our measurements allow us to test models for the combined P–T dependence of the thermal conductivity of both metals and insulating materials up to Mbar pressures and thousands of kelvins.
{"title":"Thermal conductivity of platinum and periclase under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature","authors":"Akira Hasegawa, K. Ohta, T. Yagi, Kei Hirose","doi":"10.1080/08957959.2023.2193892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959.2023.2193892","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We have measured the thermal diffusivity and conductivity of platinum and MgO periclase at high pressures (P) and high temperatures (T) by combining the pulsed light heating thermoreflectance technique with a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. The obtained thermal conductivity of platinum shows positive pressure and temperature dependences, reaching about 210 W/m/K at the highest P–T condition of 125 GPa and 1850 K. The thermal conductivity of periclase was determined up to 140 GPa and 1950 K, corresponding to the Earth's lowermost mantle, where the conductivity was about 90 W/m/K. Our measurements allow us to test models for the combined P–T dependence of the thermal conductivity of both metals and insulating materials up to Mbar pressures and thousands of kelvins.","PeriodicalId":12864,"journal":{"name":"High Pressure Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"68 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44989365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08957959.2023.2191195
L. Xiong, Lujun Huang, Dujin Liu, Yingchun Ding, Junran Zhang
ABSTRACT In this study, synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction is used to study the equation of state of vanadium nitride in a diamond anvil cell at room temperature. Experimental results reveal the high stability of the cubic structure up to 76 GPa pressure. In addition, the bulk modulus of vanadium nitride derived from XRD data is K 0 = 328.4(2.8) GPa with K 0′ = 5.86(0.14). Finally, the high pressure compression behavior is investigated to 80 GPa using density functional theory of first-principle calculations, and the obtained bulk elastic modulus is 316 GPa. Vanadium nitride is not magnetic in the whole pressure range and is metallic. Highlights • We have investigated the equation of state of VN under high pressure with silicone oil as the pressure transmitting medium to 76 GPa. • It was found that the face-centred cubic structure of VN maintains the maximum pressure of 76 GPa. • We have carried out first-principles calculations and obtained the equation of state, band structure, and electronic density of state of VN to 80 GPa.
{"title":"Effect of pressure of vanadium nitride using XRD and DFT","authors":"L. Xiong, Lujun Huang, Dujin Liu, Yingchun Ding, Junran Zhang","doi":"10.1080/08957959.2023.2191195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959.2023.2191195","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction is used to study the equation of state of vanadium nitride in a diamond anvil cell at room temperature. Experimental results reveal the high stability of the cubic structure up to 76 GPa pressure. In addition, the bulk modulus of vanadium nitride derived from XRD data is K 0 = 328.4(2.8) GPa with K 0′ = 5.86(0.14). Finally, the high pressure compression behavior is investigated to 80 GPa using density functional theory of first-principle calculations, and the obtained bulk elastic modulus is 316 GPa. Vanadium nitride is not magnetic in the whole pressure range and is metallic. Highlights • We have investigated the equation of state of VN under high pressure with silicone oil as the pressure transmitting medium to 76 GPa. • It was found that the face-centred cubic structure of VN maintains the maximum pressure of 76 GPa. • We have carried out first-principles calculations and obtained the equation of state, band structure, and electronic density of state of VN to 80 GPa.","PeriodicalId":12864,"journal":{"name":"High Pressure Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"58 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47405521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08957959.2023.2171792
J. Kamarád, J. Kaštil, M. Míšek, Z. Arnold
ABSTRACT A versatile type of non-magnetic uniaxial pressure cell has been designed for magnetic measurements in SQUID magnetometer. An advanced technology of machining of miniature parts of the cell was used to make new type of an internal squeezer module, where a sample can be compressed by force up to 3 kN in direction perpendicular to external magnetic field. A correct operation of the cell was tested by study of magnetic behaviour of the Heusler off-stoichiometric Ni2MnSn alloy under uniaxial compression. An unexpected significant difference between reversible effects of uniaxial compression on magnetization of the austenite and martensite phases of the alloy is discussed. The uniaxial compression effects are compared with the effects of hydrostatic pressure on a coupling between magnetization and structural transformation of the alloy.
{"title":"New uniaxial pressure cell used in a study of magnetization of the Heusler Ni2MnSn-based alloy","authors":"J. Kamarád, J. Kaštil, M. Míšek, Z. Arnold","doi":"10.1080/08957959.2023.2171792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959.2023.2171792","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A versatile type of non-magnetic uniaxial pressure cell has been designed for magnetic measurements in SQUID magnetometer. An advanced technology of machining of miniature parts of the cell was used to make new type of an internal squeezer module, where a sample can be compressed by force up to 3 kN in direction perpendicular to external magnetic field. A correct operation of the cell was tested by study of magnetic behaviour of the Heusler off-stoichiometric Ni2MnSn alloy under uniaxial compression. An unexpected significant difference between reversible effects of uniaxial compression on magnetization of the austenite and martensite phases of the alloy is discussed. The uniaxial compression effects are compared with the effects of hydrostatic pressure on a coupling between magnetization and structural transformation of the alloy.","PeriodicalId":12864,"journal":{"name":"High Pressure Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"15 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43870689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08957959.2023.2182209
R. Hrubiak, B. Sturtevant
ABSTRACT Sound speed and elastic constants measurements in solids and liquids are commonly performed using the ultrasound pulse-echo technique. Recent advances have expanded the use of this technique at numerous high pressure synchrotron beamlines and offline laboratories. However, the increased experimental throughput has revealed many limitations in existing software for handling the rapid measurement and the subsequent data-reduction. We report the development of a collection of computer programs for sound speed measurements using the ultrasound pulse-echo technique, compatible with stepped multi-frequency, as well as broadband-pulse, couplant-corrected methods. The programs provide a highly interactive graphical interface, enable efficient measurement, exploration and near real-time analysis of the ultrasound data, and contain features useful for working with samples under high pressure and/or high temperature. The included analysis programs can alleviate the time required for data reduction from hours to less than a minute, allowing users to make timely and informed decisions regarding the appropriate experimental parameters.
{"title":"SonicPy: a suite of programs for ultrasound pulse-echo data acquisition and analysis","authors":"R. Hrubiak, B. Sturtevant","doi":"10.1080/08957959.2023.2182209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959.2023.2182209","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sound speed and elastic constants measurements in solids and liquids are commonly performed using the ultrasound pulse-echo technique. Recent advances have expanded the use of this technique at numerous high pressure synchrotron beamlines and offline laboratories. However, the increased experimental throughput has revealed many limitations in existing software for handling the rapid measurement and the subsequent data-reduction. We report the development of a collection of computer programs for sound speed measurements using the ultrasound pulse-echo technique, compatible with stepped multi-frequency, as well as broadband-pulse, couplant-corrected methods. The programs provide a highly interactive graphical interface, enable efficient measurement, exploration and near real-time analysis of the ultrasound data, and contain features useful for working with samples under high pressure and/or high temperature. The included analysis programs can alleviate the time required for data reduction from hours to less than a minute, allowing users to make timely and informed decisions regarding the appropriate experimental parameters.","PeriodicalId":12864,"journal":{"name":"High Pressure Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"23 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47138281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.1080/08957959.2022.2160246
L. Yang, A. Karandikar, T. Shiell, B. A. Cook, S. Wong, M. Field, J. Bradby, B. Haberl, D. G. McCulloch, R. Boehler
ABSTRACT The phase behavior of carbon at high pressure and the search for carbon structures denser than diamond has been explored for decades showing large discrepancies, with many fundamental questions remaining unresolved. Here we show evidence of melting above the graphite-diamond-liquid (GDL) triple point (∼13 GPa, 4000 K) up to 50 GPa on samples recovered from single flash-heating events using spectroscopic and electron microscopic methods. The results show that for all pressures, diamond melts below the triple point temperature contradicting previous studies, most of which predict a positive slope of the melting curve.
{"title":"Melting diamond in the diamond cell by laser-flash heating","authors":"L. Yang, A. Karandikar, T. Shiell, B. A. Cook, S. Wong, M. Field, J. Bradby, B. Haberl, D. G. McCulloch, R. Boehler","doi":"10.1080/08957959.2022.2160246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959.2022.2160246","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The phase behavior of carbon at high pressure and the search for carbon structures denser than diamond has been explored for decades showing large discrepancies, with many fundamental questions remaining unresolved. Here we show evidence of melting above the graphite-diamond-liquid (GDL) triple point (∼13 GPa, 4000 K) up to 50 GPa on samples recovered from single flash-heating events using spectroscopic and electron microscopic methods. The results show that for all pressures, diamond melts below the triple point temperature contradicting previous studies, most of which predict a positive slope of the melting curve.","PeriodicalId":12864,"journal":{"name":"High Pressure Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"1 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44782869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.1080/08957959.2022.2160247
G. Luzi, Benedict Prah, S. Loekman, B. Gatternig, Antonio Delgado
ABSTRACT Methane gas is a fossil clean fuel since the products of the combustion are only carbon hydrate and water. Methane hydrate is a potential source of methane gas. This ice-like methane source can be found in deep seafloors and permafrost regions, characterized by high pressure and low-temperature conditions. In this work, we simulate the process of methane hydrate dissociation by depressurization in a cylindrical sandstone core by means of a two-dimensional axis-symmetric model, focusing on the transport phenomena involved in the process. Our simulations indicate a first rapid dissociation phase due to depressurization itself, and a longer subsequent one due to the thermal exchange with the external environment. Our numerical results match well with experimental data found in the literature, without showing any significant pressure or temperature delay among different sections compared to other numerical studies.
{"title":"Development of an explicit pressure explicit saturation (EPES) method for modelling dissociation processes of methane hydrate","authors":"G. Luzi, Benedict Prah, S. Loekman, B. Gatternig, Antonio Delgado","doi":"10.1080/08957959.2022.2160247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959.2022.2160247","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Methane gas is a fossil clean fuel since the products of the combustion are only carbon hydrate and water. Methane hydrate is a potential source of methane gas. This ice-like methane source can be found in deep seafloors and permafrost regions, characterized by high pressure and low-temperature conditions. In this work, we simulate the process of methane hydrate dissociation by depressurization in a cylindrical sandstone core by means of a two-dimensional axis-symmetric model, focusing on the transport phenomena involved in the process. Our simulations indicate a first rapid dissociation phase due to depressurization itself, and a longer subsequent one due to the thermal exchange with the external environment. Our numerical results match well with experimental data found in the literature, without showing any significant pressure or temperature delay among different sections compared to other numerical studies.","PeriodicalId":12864,"journal":{"name":"High Pressure Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"156 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44223154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/08957959.2022.2144290
Qi Chen, C. Sanloup, H. Bureau, Igor Rzeplinski, K. Glazyrin, R. Farla
ABSTRACT Understanding crystal/melt xenon (Xe) partitioning at depth is key to properly trace planetary processes using Xe isotopes. Partition coefficients measured on experimental samples recovered at room pressure (P) and temperature (T) span 6 orders of magnitude, potentially due to Xe exsolution from crystals upon quenching. We chose two in situ synchrotron X-ray methods to investigate Xe crystal/melt partitioning under high P and T up to 3 GPa and 1050°C using (1) resistive-heated diamond anvil cell with angle-dispersive diffraction and X-ray fluorescence, and (2) a new protocol using large volume press with energy-dispersive diffraction set-up. Results from both methods are consistent, and Xe is found to be compatible at depth, suggesting the continental crust could be a Xe-rich reservoir. This new protocol advances research to probe geological systems at the higher P–T conditions accessible with large volume press while maintaining homogeneous T throughout the sample.
{"title":"Probing the partitioning behaviour of Xe using in situ X-ray synchrotron techniques at high P–T conditions","authors":"Qi Chen, C. Sanloup, H. Bureau, Igor Rzeplinski, K. Glazyrin, R. Farla","doi":"10.1080/08957959.2022.2144290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959.2022.2144290","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Understanding crystal/melt xenon (Xe) partitioning at depth is key to properly trace planetary processes using Xe isotopes. Partition coefficients measured on experimental samples recovered at room pressure (P) and temperature (T) span 6 orders of magnitude, potentially due to Xe exsolution from crystals upon quenching. We chose two in situ synchrotron X-ray methods to investigate Xe crystal/melt partitioning under high P and T up to 3 GPa and 1050°C using (1) resistive-heated diamond anvil cell with angle-dispersive diffraction and X-ray fluorescence, and (2) a new protocol using large volume press with energy-dispersive diffraction set-up. Results from both methods are consistent, and Xe is found to be compatible at depth, suggesting the continental crust could be a Xe-rich reservoir. This new protocol advances research to probe geological systems at the higher P–T conditions accessible with large volume press while maintaining homogeneous T throughout the sample.","PeriodicalId":12864,"journal":{"name":"High Pressure Research","volume":"42 1","pages":"318 - 335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47266386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/08957959.2022.2144289
S. Machida, S. Nakano
ABSTRACT To investigate a gasket of null-matrix alloys suitable for high pressure neutron diffraction measurements using diamond-anvil-cells (DACs), high pressure experiments were conducted with TiZr and Mn-Cu-Ni-Fe (M2052) alloys as gaskets. The M2052 gasket was retained at least up to 20 and 43 GPa using the flat surface anvils of 1.5 and 1.0 mm culet sizes, respectively, whereas the TiZr gasket was broken at a range of 15–20 GPa with a 1.5 mm culet size. Furthermore, the M2052 gasket behaved as a null-matrix alloy in high pressure neutron diffraction measurements, and we obtained a satisfactory diffraction profile with no diffraction peaks from the gasket. This finding of the M2052 gasket will lead to a more accurate structural analysis in neutron experiments using the DAC.
{"title":"Investigation of null-matrix alloy gaskets for a diamond-anvil-cell on high pressure neutron diffraction experiments","authors":"S. Machida, S. Nakano","doi":"10.1080/08957959.2022.2144289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959.2022.2144289","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To investigate a gasket of null-matrix alloys suitable for high pressure neutron diffraction measurements using diamond-anvil-cells (DACs), high pressure experiments were conducted with TiZr and Mn-Cu-Ni-Fe (M2052) alloys as gaskets. The M2052 gasket was retained at least up to 20 and 43 GPa using the flat surface anvils of 1.5 and 1.0 mm culet sizes, respectively, whereas the TiZr gasket was broken at a range of 15–20 GPa with a 1.5 mm culet size. Furthermore, the M2052 gasket behaved as a null-matrix alloy in high pressure neutron diffraction measurements, and we obtained a satisfactory diffraction profile with no diffraction peaks from the gasket. This finding of the M2052 gasket will lead to a more accurate structural analysis in neutron experiments using the DAC.","PeriodicalId":12864,"journal":{"name":"High Pressure Research","volume":"42 1","pages":"303 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48012290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/08957959.2022.2148207
Riko Iizuka-Oku, H. Gotou, A. Suzuki, H. Kagi
ABSTRACT The Earth’s iron-rich core contains light elements. Studying the interaction of multiple light elements with iron and silicates during core–mantle segregation process in early Earth evolution has become important. In-situ X-ray diffraction and imaging observations of the iron–silicate–water–sulfur system at 5–10 GPa, up to approximately 1900°C, were used to elucidate sequential reactions: phase transformation and hydrogenation of iron, and formation of iron sulfide and silicates. The newly constructed X-ray imaging system achieved spatial resolution of approx. 10 μm for this study to show iron blob formation and motion. Sulfur distorted the iron blob shape and affected blob growth during heating by reducing the interfacial energy between molten iron and silicates. Light elements in the molten iron and the remaining silicate grains affected core–mantle segregation in the primitive Earth as temperatures increased. Carbon and silicon were incorporated into liquid Fe during later processes at higher temperatures.
{"title":"In-situ X-ray diffraction and radiography of iron–silicate–water–sulfur system simulating behaviors of light elements during early Earth’s core–mantle segregation","authors":"Riko Iizuka-Oku, H. Gotou, A. Suzuki, H. Kagi","doi":"10.1080/08957959.2022.2148207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959.2022.2148207","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Earth’s iron-rich core contains light elements. Studying the interaction of multiple light elements with iron and silicates during core–mantle segregation process in early Earth evolution has become important. In-situ X-ray diffraction and imaging observations of the iron–silicate–water–sulfur system at 5–10 GPa, up to approximately 1900°C, were used to elucidate sequential reactions: phase transformation and hydrogenation of iron, and formation of iron sulfide and silicates. The newly constructed X-ray imaging system achieved spatial resolution of approx. 10 μm for this study to show iron blob formation and motion. Sulfur distorted the iron blob shape and affected blob growth during heating by reducing the interfacial energy between molten iron and silicates. Light elements in the molten iron and the remaining silicate grains affected core–mantle segregation in the primitive Earth as temperatures increased. Carbon and silicon were incorporated into liquid Fe during later processes at higher temperatures.","PeriodicalId":12864,"journal":{"name":"High Pressure Research","volume":"42 1","pages":"349 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48470003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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