Health Communication最新文献

It is important to theorize and observe empirically how communicative behaviors can constitute a form of labor that may take a toll on people who are already coping with a health stressor. The present investigation considers the Integrative Theory of Communication Work (ITCW) from a post-positivist paradigm, with the goal of developing a psychometrically sound communication work scale. A diverse sample of American adults with chronic health conditions was recruited to complete an online survey inquiring about their experiences with communication work during illness. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses rendered stable factor structures that fit with theoretical assumptions. This project resulted in a reliable and valid measure of communication work, and yielded preliminary quantitative evidence for the ITCW's theorized relationships among the communication work dimensions of effort, preparation, duty, division of labor, and costs/benefits. Several avenues for future research with the new measure are proposed.

Driven by the proliferation of digital technology and the adoption of online medical records in the healthcare industry, this study aims to answer the question: How does the digitalization of medical records and communication influence people with hearing impairments' communication with healthcare providers? The research utilizes data from the National Cancer Institute's Health Information National Trends Survey to investigate the potential benefits of electronic health information exchange and online medical records in facilitating communication between individuals with hearing impairments and healthcare providers. The results of our study indicate that there is a negative association between hearing impairment and how individuals evaluate the quality of communication when interacting with healthcare providers. Our research indicates that utilizing online medical records and exchanging health information electronically has a beneficial effect on mitigating the adverse correlation between hard of hearing status and the perceived quality of communication with healthcare professionals.

Guided by the revelation risk model, we conducted an online experiment (N = 400) to assess five strategies (i.e. initiate, response, third-person disclosure, humor, evidence) used to hypothetically disclose two types of sexual dysfunction (SD) - vulvovaginal pain (VVP) and erectile dysfunction (ED) - in romantic relationships of six months or less. Results indicated that relationship investment varied depending on the SD disclosed, such that participants who imagined that their partner disclosed ED were less invested than those who imagined that their partner disclosed VVP. Results also indicated that intention to continue the relationship varied depending on the SD disclosed and strategy used, such that participants who imagined that their partner disclosed VVP were most likely to intend to continue their relationship when their partner responded to a reference to their SD, whereas participants who imagined that their partner disclosed ED were most likely to intend to continue their relationship when their partner left behind evidence of their SD. Theoretical and practical insights that advance our understanding of disclosing SD in newly established romantic relationships and disclosure theorizing are offered.

An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among inhabitants of Costa Rica to examine motivational determinants of COVID-19 vaccination intentions (CVI), as well as to better understand the role of a set of conspiracy-related variables within the framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Data were collected online, and a subsample of those not yet vaccinated (N = 406, age = 44.35, S. D. = 13.23, 74.9% women) was selected. They reported TPB-variables, risk perception, conspiracy-related variables, and sociodemographic information. Structural equation was used to model the assumption that conspiracy beliefs presented direct and indirect effects on intentions. Conspiracy thinking, denialism, and sociodemographic information were also specified as determinants of conspiracy beliefs and vaccination intentions. Most determinants presented direct effects on intentions. Only perceived behavioral control, denialism, and conspiracy thinking presented no direct effects on intentions. Conspiracy beliefs had indirect effects on intentions via most TPB-variables and risk perception. Conspiracy beliefs were predicted only by conspiracy thinking, gender (male), and education. Sociodemographic variables had no effects on intentions. Evidence suggested that a mechanism integrating conspiracy-related variables, risk perception, and TPB-variables predicted CVI. Education and gender played a role in the onset of conspiracy beliefs and thereafter vaccination intentions.

Despite the success of humorous messages in various health interventions, its role in promoting physical activity (PA) remains understudied. This study addresses this gap by investigating the effectiveness of humorous messages in a 2-week smartphone-based intervention aimed at promoting walking behavior, particularly amongst cognitively fatigued individuals. Female participants (n = 57; M_age = 32.00; SD = 4.385) received humorous, nonhumorous, or a mix of both messages (in the form of memes) via a study-specific application, with cognitive fatigue measured daily. Panel linear regression models revealed a significant positive interaction between cognitive fatigue and message type. Our results suggest that the resilience of humorous messages to cognitive fatigue and their potential as motivational tools position them as a more robust choice for promoting PA. Importantly, when cognitively fatigued individuals received humorous messages, their walking behaviors showed no significant change, in contrast to the detrimental impact of nonhumorous messages on exercise. Recognizing the differential effects of cognitive fatigue on message effectiveness and considering the potential of humorous messages as motivational tools offers a valuable perspective for tailoring interventions to individual states.

Simple graphical displays such as icon arrays and tree diagrams have been proposed for communicating health risks and supporting informed decisions. The UK's National Health Service (NHS) uses tree diagrams to communicate the chances of different cervical cancer screening results, but their effectiveness has not been compared to icon arrays. We conducted a well-powered longitudinal experiment involving 3,100 UK women eligible for cervical screening (25-64 years) to examine the effectiveness of icon arrays to communicate possible cervical screening results, relative to the UK NHS's tree diagram and to a numerical-only format. We also examined whether the presence (vs. absence) of explanatory text referring to different types of results (i.e. distinguishing between HPV positive results with vs. without abnormal cervical cells) moderated effects of presentation format. Presentation format did not affect verbatim or gist knowledge of probabilities at initial assessment (i.e. immediately after participants viewed the displays), but icon arrays were associated with better gist knowledge of absolute magnitudes than tree diagrams and numerical-only formats at 1-month follow-up. Participants exposed to icon arrays also perceived lower likelihood of adverse screening results and reported stronger screening intentions at initial assessment. For displays without explanatory text, icon arrays were also associated with more positive user evaluations and less negative affective reactions than tree diagrams at initial assessment. Overall, our findings suggest that icon arrays support enduring knowledge of approximate magnitudes of probabilities and are better suited than tree diagrams for communicating possible screening results.

The COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges to global health and raised important questions about social coordination. Amidst the crisis, discursive constructions of national heroes proliferated in Chinese and U.S. mainstream news media and played a crucial role in exercising social control and influence. From a comparative perspective, this article examines the structure and functions of heroic discourses and explores the similarities and differences of heroism across national borders. Specifically, we interrogate news reports on Zhong Nanshan and Anthony Fauci, two medical experts who emerged as prominent heroes in China and the U.S. respectively. Adopting a qualitative approach, we identify two central images in the construction of Zhong and Fauci as national heroes. One is "the warrior," which illuminates the heroic qualities of determination, bravery, altruism, and perseverance. The other is "the leader," which shows Zhong and Fauci's pioneering roles and abilities in attracting followers. Intermingled with these two images are themes of moral excellence and exceptionalism. The most salient difference in the hero-making is that Zhong assumes a "supported hero" while Fauci assumes a "contested hero." Overall, despite nuances shaped by socio-political contexts, Chinese and U.S. media share quite similar narrative structures in making national heroes during the pandemic.

Lay perspectives are important in the recovery of patients with nonspecific pain as they influence levels of pain and patients' pain experiences. Although previous interactional research has focused on patients' unsolicited attempts to share their perspectives, health professions also employ specific techniques to solicit them. Physiotherapists are recommended to assess lay perspectives and include them in treatment. One way to do so is through invitations for lay diagnosis (this paper). However, little is known about how lay perspectives are constructed through these invitations and how physiotherapists follow up on them. In this study, physiotherapy intakes were analyzed using conversation analysis. We found that invitations for lay diagnosis are frequently embedded in previous health care visits or patients' knowledge gathering activities. Patients often express low epistemic status when they construct their lay perspectives and engage in lay diagnostic activity in response to these invitations. Additionally, physiotherapists' responses in the third position, such as follow-up questions, may influence the further development of patients' lay perspectives. These invitations provide patients an opportunity to share their views on their health issues, but also create an interactional challenge due to the reversal of usual epistemic dynamics. The study highlights the complexity of doing lay diagnosis, which can include diagnoses or explanations of varying specificity. The specificity and elaboration of these perspectives are influenced by the physiotherapists' subsequent responses. We provide recommendations for healthcare professionals to facilitate lay diagnosis, and our findings contribute to the discussion around patient empowerment, shared decision making, and patient centered care.

This arts-based research explores the role and impact of digital storytelling in supporting young adults with diabetes in China to face diabetes-related stigma and promote resilience and well-being. Twenty participants with diabetes recounted their experiences across three workshops and shared their perspectives on digital storytelling through semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that digital storytelling, as a health intervention, facilitates a comfortable environment for participants to articulate the traumatic impact of diabetes stigma. It encourages collective support and fosters a reinterpretation of the diabetes experience, enhancing participants' capacity for future health management. The results also highlight the limitations of digital storytelling, particularly concerning its accessibility and transparency. Participants' experiences underscore the need for careful consideration of these challenges to maximize the therapeutic potential of digital storytelling in the context of chronic illness management.