Health Communication最新文献

This study extends the Theory of Normative Social Behavior by examining the cross-lagged effects of perceived norms on mask-wearing intention and behavior during an evolving COVID-19 pandemic. We also investigate the normative mechanisms of how social responsibility appeals improve compliance with mask-wearing behavior. A two-wave panel survey (N = 767) was conducted in Singapore in March and April 2020. Findings show that injunctive norms increase subsequent intention, whereas descriptive norms reduce subsequent behavior. Individuals may find it unnecessary to wear masks when they perceive many others are engaging in the action. Our result shows that this counterproductive effect could be mitigated by a greater sense of social pressure to comply, which can be reinforced by using social responsibility appeals. Our findings offer insights for theory extension and norms-based intervention strategies in pandemic contexts.

Guided by the integrated behavioral model, the authors interviewed 14 Black breast cancer survivors (N = 14) who had participated in a breast cancer clinical trial. This study aimed to better understand what may motivate Black women to engage in medical research and decide to participate in medical research. Findings revealed that Black women's altruistic desires to serve others and their communities are greatly influenced by the need to leave a "legacy" of better treatment for other Black women. The participants mostly learned about clinical trials through communicating with friends, family, or other breast cancer patients and survivors, rather than from their physicians. Many were influenced to participate by other Black breast cancer patients they knew, suggesting that social norms messaging may help alert other Black women about the continuing disparity in clinical trial participation. Finally, the participants in this study demonstrated high levels of involvement not only in seeking out clinical trials, but also in engaging in informed and shared decision-making with their providers about participating in the trials. The findings from this work illuminate important reasons Black women chose to participate in breast cancer clinical trials. Additionally, we offer robust and valuable theoretical and practical implications for researchers, so they can work toward successfully increasing Black women's participation in clinical trials.

Some scholars have suggested that social and cultural barriers between physicians and patients might contribute to health disparities. The purpose of this review was to determine the state of evidence regarding how physician communication patterns differ by patient ethnicity. Seventy-nine studies employing a range of methodologies were identified. Results were mixed, with about three-quarters of analyses finding no differences in physician communication by ethnicity, and a small number of analyses finding that Black and Hispanic patients experienced better physician communication than White patients. About one-fifth of analyses reported that Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska Native patients had poorer experiences of physician communication than White patients. This was the case both for studies that operationalized patient-provider communication as behavior (what physicians did, measured via content analysis), and those that operationalized it as judgment (how patients interpreted that behavior, measured via survey or focus group interview). Methodological limitations in the corpus of the literature make it difficult to determine which contexts and characteristics lead patients from minoritized groups to have better, equivalent, or worse experiences than White patients.

The current study tested contextual features (product design, imagery, and use) of e-cigarette advertisements on responses to the mandated U.S. FDA addiction text warning. In a within-subjects experimental design, young adults (aged 18-24) living in California were categorized into those who use e-cigarettes (n = 149), use cigarettes (n = 66), and dual use (n = 204). They provided affective and cognitive responses to the addiction warning and e-cigarette products in advertisements. Cognitive and affective responses overall were moderately strong, and this pattern was generally consistent across product design and imagery. Those who use cigarettes (versus dual use) reported stronger feelings that they learned new information and lower perceptions that e-cigarettes help reduce cigarette consumption. Those who smoke also reported greater worry, discouragement, and perceived health benefits associated with e-cigarettes and lower perception of harmfulness of e-cigarettes than those who dual use, and evaluated the warning lowest on eliciting encouragement to use and feeling e-cigarettes are a healthy alternative to smoking. Few differences emerged between those who use e-cigarettes and dual use or smoke. The varied response patterns by the use group underline the regulatory challenges of developing strong e-cigarette warnings to deter e-cigarette use.

Sexual satisfaction has been identified by public health experts as essential for sexual health, overall health, and well-being. The first meta-analysis of the association between pornography use and sexual satisfaction found a statistically significant negative correlation among men but not among women (i.e. men who consumed pornography more often were less sexually satisfied, while women's sexual satisfaction was not significantly related to their pornography use). A recent meta-analysis reported the opposite pattern of results. This brief report attempted to replicate this recent meta-analysis. Only one study from the original meta-analysis overlapped with the corpus of studies utilized for the recent meta-analysis. Despite this differential base of studies, the present reanalysis of the recent meta-analysis' data points confirmed the findings of the original meta-analysis. Pornography use is significantly and negatively related to men's, but not women's, sexual satisfaction.

Public understanding of medical innovations such as smart technology is decisive for its acceptance and implementation. Thus, it is important to understand what visions people develop of a technology based on initial information such as the label. We chose smart implants as an example and conducted qualitative interviews with 47 former implant patients to record their mental models after exposing them to the idea of smart implants through a vignette. Their answers were analyzed using LDA topic modeling. We derived five topics describing people's mental models considering the technology's functionalities, (dis)advantages as well as potential benefits and risks. The topics revealed that our respondents have often associated the idea of smart implants with artificial intelligence, which is a misconception regarding the introduced conceptualization. Thus, special attention has to be paid to the technology's labeling in communication efforts to ensure adequate understanding.

With the popularity of smartphones, their impact on the physical and mental health of left-behind adolescents has become the focus of social attention. Some believe that smartphone use will provide emotional compensation for left-behind adolescents, while others believe that the lack of supervision of smartphone use among left-behind adolescents will exacerbate their psychological problems. To explore the mechanisms of the dual effects, we conducted a field survey of 848 left-behind adolescents (male = 446, age between 12 and 19) in Shicheng County in Gannan Region of China. It was found that social smartphone use, recreational smartphone use, frequency, and duration of smartphone use, mediated by smartphone dependence, were positively associated with social anxiety, stress perception, and sleep disorder, and further with depression of left-behind adolescents. Although social uses of smartphones were positively associated with online social support, they were not related to loneliness and depression. Based on our results, left-behind adolescents' smartphone use habits have shown more harmful than good effects on their psychological well-being.

When experiencing sexual health uncertainties, emerging adults often rely on friends for support; however, the support provided is not always helpful. This study situates support in response to uncertainty within appraisal and attribution theories to explain nurturant, informational, and tangible support provision. Study 1 coded 441 participants' responses to open-ended questions about a recent conversation about a friend's sexual health uncertainty. It revealed that stability and responsibility attributions were made, and fear was the most common emotion described. Desire to provide support and knowledge also were prominent themes. Study 2's online survey of 248 emerging adults indicated that the more support providers assigned blame for the sexual health uncertainty to the friend, the more fear support providers experienced, yet the more fear experienced, the more nurturant, informational, and tangible support they provided. Perceived sexual health knowledge diminished the association between blame attributions and support provision.

Patients can become educator-influencers in promoting the public's understanding of health and illness; however, the underlying motivations driving their engagement in this role remain unclear. Drawing from the Self-Determination Theory, this study explores the motivations of patients-turned-influencers in sharing eating disorders (ED) experiences and information on Chinese social media. Through semi-structured interviews with 33 patient influencers, this study examines the motivations associated with three psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. In terms of autonomy, influencers shared their ED experiences as self-therapy, expression, and documentation of personal growth. Regarding competence, influencers felt that their medical training or personal experiences made them more knowledgeable about ED, and their communication skills and high self-esteem gave them more confidence and courage to share their ED experiences. Finally, in terms of relatedness, altruism, community building, and peer influence are the driving forces behind their sharing behaviors. With the rise of ED cases in China, misunderstandings about the condition remain prevalent. As the first study of ED social media influencers in a Chinese context, this research highlights the unique cultural and social factors influencing the motivations behind sharing ED-related experiences on social media. The theoretical and practical implications of the study are also discussed.