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Narrative Force: How Science and Storytelling Impact Parental Concussion Beliefs and Intentions Through Transportation and Trust. 叙事力量:科学和故事如何通过交通和信任影响家长的脑震荡信念和意向。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2424054
Jesse Abdenour, Autumn Shafer

Although news and entertainment coverage of sports concussions has increased in recent years, many parents of adolescent athletes remain indifferent to or unaware of practices that would mitigate concussion harm. This experiment with U.S. parents of 10- to 17-year-olds (N = 502) explores how narratives and expository concussion science could be used together to increase concussion risk assessments, mitigation intentions, and support for sports concussion policy. Direct and indirect relationships through narrative transportation and trust are explored.

尽管近年来有关运动脑震荡的新闻和娱乐报道越来越多,但许多青少年运动员的父母仍然对减轻脑震荡伤害的做法漠不关心或一无所知。本实验以美国 10 至 17 岁青少年的父母(502 人)为对象,探讨如何将叙述和说明性脑震荡科学结合起来,以提高脑震荡风险评估、减轻伤害的意愿以及对运动脑震荡政策的支持。研究探讨了通过叙述运输和信任建立的直接和间接关系。
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引用次数: 0
Following Medical Advice of an AI or a Human Doctor? Experimental Evidence Based on Clinician-Patient Communication Pathway Model. 听从人工智能还是人类医生的医疗建议?基于临床医生与患者沟通途径模型的实验证据。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2423114
Shuoshuo Li, Meng Chen, Piper Liping Liu, Jian Xu

Medical large language models are being introduced to the public in collaboration with governments, medical institutions, and artificial intelligence (AI) researchers. However, a crucial question remains: Will patients follow the medical advice provided by AI doctors? The lack of user research makes it difficult to provide definitive answers. Based on the clinician-patient communication pathway model, this study conducted a factorial experiment with a 2 (medical provider, AI vs. human) × 2 (information support, low vs. high) × 2 (response latency, slow vs. fast) between-subjects design (n = 535). The results showed that participants exhibited significantly lower adherence to AI doctors' advice than to human doctors. In addition, the interaction effect suggested that, under the slow-response latency condition, subjects perceived greater health benefits and patient-centeredness from human doctors, while the opposite was observed for AI doctors.

在政府、医疗机构和人工智能(AI)研究人员的合作下,医疗大语言模型正在向公众推出。然而,一个关键问题依然存在:患者会听从人工智能医生提供的医疗建议吗?由于缺乏用户研究,很难给出明确的答案。基于临床医生与患者沟通路径模型,本研究进行了一项因子实验,采用 2(医疗提供者,人工智能与人类)×2(信息支持,低与高) ×2(响应延迟,慢与快) 的主体间设计(n = 535)。结果显示,参与者对人工智能医生建议的依从性明显低于对人类医生建议的依从性。此外,交互效应表明,在慢反应潜伏期条件下,受试者从人类医生那里感知到更多的健康益处和以病人为中心的态度,而对人工智能医生则相反。
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引用次数: 0
Adoption and Discontinuance of Innovation Packages: A Longitudinal Study of Transitions in COVID-19 Mitigation. 创新一揽子计划的采用和中止:新冠肺炎缓解过渡的纵向研究。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2275911
Rachel A Smith, Jessica Gall Myrick, Molly A Martin, Robert P Lennon, Lauren J Van Scoy, Meg L Small

The past decades have seen growing interest and application of interventions targeting the change of multiple behaviors at once. We advance this work by using the diffusion of innovations theory (DOI) to consider constellations of behaviors as innovation packages: multiple innovations that are logically related, interdependent in their use or effects, and often promoted as a set (Rogers, 2003). In addition, we embraced DOI's focus on behavioral decisions as a continual process that can include adoption and discontinuance over time, especially as new innovations (e.g., COVID-19 vaccine) appear. To that end, we conducted a latent transition analysis of COVID-19 mitigation behaviors (N = 697; 97% received a COVID-19 vaccine) across three time points in the pandemic: initial outbreak; a secondary, record-breaking rise in cases; and after the CDC recommended that fully vaccinated adults could discontinue wearing masks. This analysis allowed us to identify latent classes based on shared behavioral patterns and transitions between classes over time. The results showed evidence of three possible packages: (a) a package of traditional, symptom-management behaviors (covering coughs and sneezes, staying home if ill, and seeking medical care), (b) a package of just-novel COVID-19 behaviors (wearing masks, keeping six feet apart, and avoiding mass gatherings), and (c) a package of all COVID-19 mitigation behaviors. Movement between classes exemplified adoption and discontinuance of different packages, as well as widespread discontinuance with the replacement innovation: COVID-19 vaccines. Additional analyses showed that increases in hope were associated with sustained and delayed adoption; decreases in social approval were associated with discontinuance. Future directions in theorizing around innovation packages are discussed.

在过去的几十年里,人们对同时改变多种行为的干预措施的兴趣和应用越来越大。我们通过使用创新扩散理论(DOI)将行为星座视为创新包来推进这项工作:多个创新在逻辑上是相关的,在使用或效果上是相互依存的,并且经常作为一组来推广(Rogers,2003)。此外,我们将DOI对行为决策的关注视为一个持续的过程,包括随着时间的推移采用和中止,尤其是随着新的创新(如新冠肺炎疫苗)的出现。为此,我们对新冠肺炎缓解行为进行了潜在转变分析(N = 697;97%的人在大流行的三个时间点接种了新冠肺炎疫苗:首次爆发;病例的二次破纪录增长;美国疾病控制与预防中心建议完全接种疫苗的成年人可以停止戴口罩。这种分析使我们能够根据共享的行为模式和类之间随时间的转换来识别潜在的类。研究结果显示了三种可能的一揽子方案的证据:(a)一揽子传统的症状管理行为(包括咳嗽和打喷嚏,生病时呆在家里,寻求医疗护理),(b)一揽子新冠肺炎新行为(戴口罩,保持六英尺的距离,避免大规模集会),(c)一揽子新冠肺炎缓解行为。阶级之间的流动体现了不同套餐的采用和中止,以及替代创新新冠肺炎疫苗的广泛中止。其他分析表明,希望的增加与持续和延迟采用有关;社会认可度的下降与中止有关。讨论了围绕创新包进行理论化的未来方向。
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引用次数: 0
The Underlying Mechanisms of Active and Passive Cancer Information Behaviors: A Comparative Study Between Hong Kong and the United States. 主动与被动癌症信息行为的内在机制:香港与美国的比较研究。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2286405
Zhi Lin, Xiaohui Wang

Although increasingly popular, theoretical frameworks describing complex and multidimensional cancer information behaviors remain limited. In response, this study developed a context-specific model by integrating cancer worry into the situational theory of problem solving (STOPS) to explain individuals' active and passive information behaviors. An online survey conducted in Hong Kong (N = 593) and the United States (N = 625) revealed that STOPS factors play different roles in explaining active and passive information behaviors, with the referent criterion and situation motivation being the dominant factors of active and passive information behaviors, respectively. Cancer worry partly mediated the relationship between such behaviors and situational motivation. While the effect of STOPS factors can be generally replicated across Hong Kong and U.S. contexts, the effects of cancer worry cannot. Altogether, our study has answered the call for research on the boundary conditions of STOPS and a more systematic understanding of cancer information behaviors.

尽管越来越流行,但描述复杂和多维癌症信息行为的理论框架仍然有限。为此,本研究将癌症担忧整合到问题解决情境理论(situational theory of problem solving, STOPS)中,建立了一个情境化模型来解释个体的主动和被动信息行为。在香港(N = 593)和美国(N = 625)进行的一项在线调查显示,stop因素在解释主动信息行为和被动信息行为中发挥着不同的作用,参考标准和情境动机分别是主动信息行为和被动信息行为的主导因素。癌症担忧在一定程度上介导了这种行为与情境动机之间的关系。虽然stop因素的影响可以在香港和美国的环境中普遍复制,但对癌症的担忧却不能。总之,我们的研究回应了对stop边界条件的研究和对癌症信息行为更系统的理解的呼吁。
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引用次数: 0
Heuristic Information Processing as a Mediating Factor in the Process of Exposure to COVID-19 Vaccine Information and Misinformation Sharing on Social Media. 启发式信息加工在COVID-19疫苗信息暴露和社交媒体错误信息分享过程中的中介作用
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2288373
Jiahui Lu, Yi Xiao

Social media use for risk communication during the COVID-19 pandemic has caused considerable concerns about an overabundance of information, particularly misinformation. However, how exposure to COVID-19 information on social media can lead to subsequent misinformation sharing during the pandemic has received little research attention. This study adopted the social amplification of risk framework to delineate how exposure to COVID-19 vaccine information on social media can be associated with individuals' misinformation sharing through heuristic information processing. The role of social media trust was also examined. Results from an online survey (N = 1488) of Chinese Internet users revealed that exposure to COVID-19 vaccine information on social media was associated with misinformation sharing, mediated by both affect heuristics (i.e., negative affect toward the COVID-19 pandemic in general) and availability heuristics (i.e., perceived misinformation availability). Importantly, both high and low levels of trust in social media strengthened the mediating associations. While a low level of trust strengthened the association between exposure to COVID-19 vaccine information on social media and the affect heuristics, a high level of trust strengthened its association with the availability heuristics, both of which were associated with misinformation sharing. Our findings suggest that heuristic information processing is essential in amplifying the spread of misinformation after exposure to risk information on social media. It is also suggested that individuals should maintain a middle level of trust in social media, being open while critical of risk information on social media.

在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,社交媒体用于风险沟通引起了人们对信息过剩,特别是错误信息的极大担忧。然而,在大流行期间,在社交媒体上接触COVID-19信息如何导致随后的错误信息分享,却很少受到研究关注。本研究采用风险的社会放大框架,通过启发式信息处理来描述社交媒体上暴露于COVID-19疫苗信息如何与个人的错误信息分享相关联。研究还考察了社交媒体信任的作用。一项针对中国互联网用户的在线调查(N = 1488)的结果显示,在社交媒体上接触COVID-19疫苗信息与错误信息分享有关,这是由影响启发式(即对COVID-19大流行的总体负面影响)和可获得性启发式(即感知的错误信息可获得性)介导的。重要的是,对社交媒体的高水平和低水平的信任都加强了中介关系。虽然低水平的信任加强了社交媒体上接触COVID-19疫苗信息与影响启发式之间的关联,但高水平的信任加强了其与可获得性启发式之间的关联,这两者都与错误信息共享有关。我们的研究结果表明,在接触社交媒体上的风险信息后,启发式信息处理对于放大错误信息的传播至关重要。研究还建议,个人应该对社交媒体保持中等程度的信任,对社交媒体上的风险信息持开放态度,同时持批评态度。
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引用次数: 0
Examining Conversation Analysis in Palliative Care: A Systematic Review. 研究姑息关怀中的会话分析:系统回顾。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2301202
Yijin Wu, Xin Zhang

Communication is an integral component in palliative care. A number of studies have used conversation analysis (CA) to examine communication between healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients/companions in palliative care. To the best of our knowledge, however, no work has been done to synthesize these studies. Thus, the review aimed to synthesize these conversation analytic studies in the setting of palliative care. The review included peer-reviewed studies that focused on communication between HCPs and patients/companions and that were published in English before September 10 2022. The database and manual search produced 16 eligible studies. The thematic analysis generated five themes: (1) promoting patient agency and autonomy; (2) practices for gathering pain-related information and navigating pain concerns (practices for gathering pain-related information and practices for navigating patients' pain concerns); (3) initiating and managing end-of-life discussions; (4) facilitating shared decision making in palliative care; and (5) navigating sensitive topics and uncertainty in prognostic talk. The review highlighted the potential of CA for research in palliative care and had implications for communication practice.

沟通是姑息关怀不可或缺的组成部分。许多研究利用会话分析(CA)来研究姑息关怀中医护人员(HCP)与病人/陪护之间的沟通。然而,据我们所知,还没有人对这些研究进行过综述。因此,本综述旨在综合姑息关怀中的这些对话分析研究。该综述纳入了同行评议的研究,这些研究关注的是医护人员与患者/陪护人员之间的交流,并且是在 2022 年 9 月 10 日之前用英语发表的。通过数据库和人工检索,共筛选出 16 项符合条件的研究。主题分析产生了五个主题:(1)促进患者的代理权和自主权;(2)收集疼痛相关信息和引导疼痛关注的实践(收集疼痛相关信息的实践和引导患者疼痛关注的实践);(3)启动和管理生命末期讨论;(4)促进姑息关怀中的共同决策;以及(5)引导预后谈话中的敏感话题和不确定性。综述强调了CA在姑息关怀研究中的潜力,并对沟通实践产生了影响。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Characteristics of Patient Communication on Physician Feedback in Online Health Communities: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study. 患者交流的特点对在线健康社区中医生反馈的影响:一项观察性横断面研究
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2300901
Jusheng Liu, Mei Song, Chaoran Li, Shanshan Guo, Jingti Han

With the rapid development of e-health and telemedicine, previous studies have explored the relationship between physician-patient communication and patient satisfaction; however, there is a paucity of research on the influence of the characteristics of patient communication on the characteristics of physician feedback. Based on the communication accommodation theory, as well as the computer-mediated communication theory and media richness theory, this study aimed to explore how characteristics of patient communication influence characteristics of physician feedback in online health communities. We employed a crawler software to download the communication data between 1652 physicians and 105,325 patients from the Good Doctor platform, the biggest online health community in China. We built an empirical model using this data and employed a multilevel model to test our hypotheses using Stata and Python software. The results indicate that the amount of patients' rendered information positively influences the physicians' text (α = 0.123, t = 33.147, P < .001) and voice feedback (β = 0.201, t = 40.011, P < .001). Patients' hope for help signals and the provision of their electronic health records weaken the effect of the amount of patients' rendered information on physicians' text feedback (α = -0.040, t = -24.857, P < .001; α = -0.048, t = -15.784, P < .001), whereas, it strengthened the effect of the amount of patients' rendered information on physicians' voice feedback (β = 0.033, t = 14.789, P < .001; β = 0.017, t = 4.208, P < .001). Moreover, the occurrence of high-privacy diseases strengthened the effect of the amount of patients' presented information on physicians' text and voice feedback (α = 0.023, t = 4.870, P < .001; β = 0.028, t = 4.282, P < .001). This research contributes to the development of computer-mediated communication theories and sheds light on service delivery in the online health community.

随着电子医疗和远程医疗的快速发展,以往的研究已经探讨了医患沟通与患者满意度之间的关系;然而,关于患者沟通特征对医生反馈特征的影响的研究却很少。本研究以沟通调适理论以及计算机媒介沟通理论和媒体丰富性理论为基础,旨在探讨在线健康社区中患者沟通的特点如何影响医生反馈的特点。我们使用爬虫软件从中国最大的在线健康社区--好大夫平台下载了1652名医生与105325名患者之间的沟通数据。我们利用这些数据建立了一个实证模型,并使用 Stata 和 Python 软件建立了一个多层次模型来检验我们的假设。结果表明,患者提供的信息量对医生的文本有正向影响(α = 0.123,t = 33.147,P β = 0.201,t = 40.011,P α = -0.040,t=-24.857,P α=-0.048,t=-15.784,P β=0.033,t=14.789,P β=0.017,t=4.208,P α=0.023,t=4.870,P β=0.028,t=4.282,P
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Role of Marianismo and Loneliness in Latinas' Physical and Mental Well-Being. 探索玛丽亚主义和孤独感在拉美女性身心健康中的作用。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2291267
Monica L Gallegos, Chris Segrin

The goal of this study is to better understand the role of social relationships and traditional gender norms in Latina health. Utilizing Hawkley and Cacioppo's theoretical model of loneliness and health as a framework, loneliness is proposed as a key component in the relationship between the Latina gender norm of marianismo and health. Participants were 178 female adults who identified as Latina (N = 97) or non-Latina White (N = 81), ranging in age from 19-88, who completed measures of loneliness, marianismo, depression, overall health, and health practices. Results indicate that being Latina was associated with family pillar marianismo, which includes characteristics centered on women's roles as the core of the family, that was associated with lower loneliness, and lower loneliness was subsequently associated with better overall health, lower depression, and beneficial health practices. However, being Latina had no association with silencing self to maintain harmony marianismo, that in turn had no association with loneliness, or health outcomes. These results suggest that elements of marianismo can play a protective role in Latina health and well-being, particularly when Latinas endorse the positive aspects of the gender norm that place women at the center of their families. Results also help explain the Latino health paradox by providing more specificity in the links between Latina ethnicity and positive health outcomes.

本研究的目的是更好地了解社会关系和传统性别规范在拉丁裔健康中的作用。以 Hawkley 和 Cacioppo 的孤独与健康理论模型为框架,提出孤独是拉丁裔性别规范 "婚姻主义 "与健康之间关系的关键组成部分。参与者为 178 名女性成年人,她们被认定为拉丁裔(97 人)或非拉丁裔白人(81 人),年龄在 19-88 岁之间,完成了有关孤独感、婚姻观、抑郁、整体健康和健康实践的测量。结果表明,拉美裔与家庭支柱 "婚姻主义"(包括以妇女作为家庭核心角色为中心的特征)相关,而 "婚姻主义 "与较低的孤独感相关,较低的孤独感随后与较好的总体健康状况、较低的抑郁和有益的健康行为相关。然而,身为拉丁裔女性与保持沉默以维护和谐的 "玛丽亚主义 "并无关联,这反过来又与孤独感或健康结果无关。这些结果表明,"玛丽亚主义 "元素可以对拉丁裔女性的健康和幸福起到保护作用,尤其是当拉丁裔女性认可性别规范中将女性置于家庭中心的积极方面时。研究结果还有助于解释拉丁裔健康悖论,使拉丁裔与积极健康结果之间的联系更加具体。
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引用次数: 0
Framing Chronic Pain in U.S. News Coverage of the Opioid Epidemic (2012-2022). 美国关于阿片类药物流行的新闻报道中对慢性疼痛的定格(2012-2022 年)》。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2304494
Jacqueline N Gunning, Lili R Romann, Elizabeth A Hintz

Chronic pain, pain persisting longer than six months, afflicts 20% of the U.S. population and is the leading cause of disability. To manage pain, many chronic pain patients (CPPs) and healthcare providers turn to opioids, prescription medications that block pain signals and offer relief. However, in light of the U.S.' ongoing opioid epidemic, CPPs without a history of opioid use disorder (OUD) are facing increased stigma when seeking opioid medication. Further, many have been forced to taper their therapeutic dose due to updated Centers for Disease Control and Prevention prescribing guidelines in 2016 and 2022, with a range of (adverse) outcomes. Though research has explored experiences of chronic pain and OUD independently, few studies have explored how media coverage of the opioid epidemic has shaped representations, and resulting stereotypes, of CPPs. Guided by framing theory, this content analysis examines sources' characterization of CPPs amidst a decade of U.S. news coverage of the opioid epidemic (N = 492). Findings identify four dominant news frames, including two novel frames termed culpability and strategy, and elements (i.e., characters, significant events) that comprise these frames. When discussed, CPPs were ascribed the identity of a drug-seeking addict 82% of the time. Collectively, this study provides insight as to how news media coverage of the opioid epidemic influence(d) public perceptions of chronic pain (patients). Findings offer theoretical and practical implications for media outlets, policymakers, CPPs and healthcare providers, as well as highlighting how use of opioids for pain management does not equate to abuse of opioids.

慢性疼痛(疼痛持续时间超过六个月)困扰着美国 20% 的人口,是导致残疾的主要原因。为了控制疼痛,许多慢性疼痛患者(CPP)和医疗服务提供者都会求助于阿片类药物,这种处方药可以阻断疼痛信号并缓解疼痛。然而,在美国阿片类药物持续流行的情况下,没有阿片类药物使用障碍(OUD)病史的慢性疼痛患者在寻求阿片类药物治疗时面临越来越多的羞辱。此外,由于美国疾病控制和预防中心于 2016 年和 2022 年更新了处方指南,许多人被迫减少治疗剂量,并产生了一系列(不良)结果。尽管已有研究独立探讨了慢性疼痛和 OUD 的经历,但很少有研究探讨媒体对阿片类药物流行的报道如何塑造了对 CPPs 的表述以及由此产生的刻板印象。在框架理论的指导下,本内容分析研究了在美国阿片类药物流行的十年新闻报道中,消息来源对慢性疼痛患者的描述(N = 492)。研究结果确定了四种主要的新闻框架,包括两种称为 "罪责 "和 "策略 "的新框架,以及构成这些框架的要素(即人物、重大事件)。在讨论中,82% 的时间里,CPP 被赋予了寻求毒品成瘾者的身份。总之,本研究深入探讨了新闻媒体对阿片类药物流行的报道如何影响公众对慢性疼痛(患者)的看法。研究结果为媒体机构、政策制定者、社区保健中心和医疗服务提供者提供了理论和实践意义,并强调了使用阿片类药物治疗疼痛并不等于滥用阿片类药物。
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引用次数: 0
Trauma Isn't One Size Fits All: How Online Support Communities Point to Different Diagnostic Criteria for C-PTSD and PTSD. 创伤并非一刀切:在线支持社区如何指出 C-PTSD 和创伤后应激障碍的不同诊断标准》(Trauma Isn't One Size Fits All: How Online Support Communities Point to Different Diagnostia criteria for C-PTSD and PTSD.
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-11 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2314343
Weixi Wang, Kate G Blackburn, Rachel M Thompson, Karishma Bajaj, Rhea Pedler, Kelsie Fucci

Reddit has provided rich data on mental health discourse. The present study uses 40,335 online posts from Reddit communities to investigate how language can contribute to the understanding of PTSD and C-PTSD. The results showed distinct language patterns in the use of first-person pronouns, cognitive processing, and emotion words, suggesting that they are separate disorders with different effects on survivors. Further, while some social media studies have differentiated submissions and comments, few have investigated the language changes between these contexts. Post-hoc results showed a clear distinction between two contexts across several linguistic markers. Discussion and future directions are explored.

Reddit 提供了有关心理健康话语的丰富数据。本研究利用来自 Reddit 社区的 40,335 篇在线帖子,研究语言如何有助于理解创伤后应激障碍和创伤后应激障碍。研究结果显示,这两种疾病在第一人称代词、认知处理和情感词汇的使用上有着截然不同的语言模式,这表明它们是不同的疾病,对幸存者有着不同的影响。此外,虽然一些社交媒体研究对提交和评论进行了区分,但很少有研究对这些语境之间的语言变化进行调查。事后研究结果显示,两种语境在多个语言标记上有明显区别。本文还探讨了讨论和未来发展方向。
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引用次数: 0
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