Health Communication最新文献

Based on observations and interviews at a comprehensive hospital in China, this study explored how family members engaged in facework to explain their nonsupport to cancer patients. The findings reveal that family members employed relationship distance as a facework strategy in two relationship contexts. In the patient-self dyad, family members used "drawing closer to the patient" (e.g. following the patient's wishes) and "pulling away from the patient" (e.g. putting the nuclear family first) to account for nonsupport. Within the patient-spouse-adult children-siblings multi-ring relationship, family members in outer circles used "staying away from the patient" and highlighting inner circle roles (e.g. the patient's siblings narrowly defined the concept of family); those in inner circles used "pulling outer circle roles close to the patient" (e.g. the spouse values the opinion of the adult children or the patient's siblings); and family members in the same circle highlighted "the same distance with the patient" (e.g. emphasizing the common responsibilities of each child). This study expanded the relationship-centered inquiry into nonsupport from a narrow patient-supporter dyad to a patient-centered, multi-ring relationship network that includes all potential supporters.

By describing the practices of Garden EngAGEment, a community garden project at Minnesota State University, Mankato (MNSU), we articulate the concept of artful place-making as an alternative, experiential approach to organizing and teaching care for people with Alzheimer's dementia and other associated dementias (AD/OADs). Drawing from arts-based research, place-based education, and sensory studies, we describe how artful place-making involves the dynamic interplay of knowing, making, and being in the garden where Garden EngAGEment's activities take place. Our analysis describes how Garden EngAGEment, through the process of artful place-making, seeds a new culture of care for health professions training, grows connections through multi-sensorial experiences, and cultivates personal, relational, and community transformations.

Although much attention has been given to vaccine hesitancy, there is still considerable ambiguity regarding its epistemological antecedents. The current meta-analysis addresses this theoretical and practical gap by focusing on the interplay between trust, belief in conspiracy theories, and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (k = 32), as well as key moderators such as the availability of the vaccine and the state and progress of the pandemic. Overall, results indicate that while both trust and beliefs in conspiracy theories are important correlates of vaccine hesitancy, considerable difference emerges when adopting a more granular approach that distinguishes between types of trust (government, public health organizations, science, and healthcare professionals/providers) and conspiracies (specific versus general). These findings cement the importance of health communication, not only as a useful framework to study and understand vaccine hesitancy but also as a potential way to intervene in order to prepare for future infectious disease outbreaks.

The practice of learning first aid knowledge on social media has gained considerable attention as a strategy for improving public health. Yet despite this recognition, the practice has not drawn commensurate academic attention. Different from individual health protection behavior, first aid knowledge learning is a collective preventive health behavior due to its collective attributes of protecting the health of others. To address the behavior, we extend the protection motivation theory (PMT) with a mixed-methods approach. Specifically, our qualitative study allows us to clarify the motivations for the behavior, confirm the applicability of PMT in this new context, and identify self- and collective cognition as well as other contextualized factors. The subsequent quantitative study validates the effect of these motivations, with the results indicating that collective cognition shows stronger effects than self-cognition in such a collective behavior context, and emotions (i.e. anticipated regret) play a significant mediating role between cognitive appraisals and protective behaviors. This study extends the health behavior literature and expands PMT by validating self- and collective dimensions. It also offers practical guidelines to practitioners on how to motivate individuals to learn first aid knowledge on social media.

It is important to theorize and observe empirically how communicative behaviors can constitute a form of labor that may take a toll on people who are already coping with a health stressor. The present investigation considers the Integrative Theory of Communication Work (ITCW) from a post-positivist paradigm, with the goal of developing a psychometrically sound communication work scale. A diverse sample of American adults with chronic health conditions was recruited to complete an online survey inquiring about their experiences with communication work during illness. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses rendered stable factor structures that fit with theoretical assumptions. This project resulted in a reliable and valid measure of communication work, and yielded preliminary quantitative evidence for the ITCW's theorized relationships among the communication work dimensions of effort, preparation, duty, division of labor, and costs/benefits. Several avenues for future research with the new measure are proposed.

Driven by the proliferation of digital technology and the adoption of online medical records in the healthcare industry, this study aims to answer the question: How does the digitalization of medical records and communication influence people with hearing impairments' communication with healthcare providers? The research utilizes data from the National Cancer Institute's Health Information National Trends Survey to investigate the potential benefits of electronic health information exchange and online medical records in facilitating communication between individuals with hearing impairments and healthcare providers. The results of our study indicate that there is a negative association between hearing impairment and how individuals evaluate the quality of communication when interacting with healthcare providers. Our research indicates that utilizing online medical records and exchanging health information electronically has a beneficial effect on mitigating the adverse correlation between hard of hearing status and the perceived quality of communication with healthcare professionals.

Guided by the revelation risk model, we conducted an online experiment (N = 400) to assess five strategies (i.e. initiate, response, third-person disclosure, humor, evidence) used to hypothetically disclose two types of sexual dysfunction (SD) - vulvovaginal pain (VVP) and erectile dysfunction (ED) - in romantic relationships of six months or less. Results indicated that relationship investment varied depending on the SD disclosed, such that participants who imagined that their partner disclosed ED were less invested than those who imagined that their partner disclosed VVP. Results also indicated that intention to continue the relationship varied depending on the SD disclosed and strategy used, such that participants who imagined that their partner disclosed VVP were most likely to intend to continue their relationship when their partner responded to a reference to their SD, whereas participants who imagined that their partner disclosed ED were most likely to intend to continue their relationship when their partner left behind evidence of their SD. Theoretical and practical insights that advance our understanding of disclosing SD in newly established romantic relationships and disclosure theorizing are offered.

An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among inhabitants of Costa Rica to examine motivational determinants of COVID-19 vaccination intentions (CVI), as well as to better understand the role of a set of conspiracy-related variables within the framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Data were collected online, and a subsample of those not yet vaccinated (N = 406, age = 44.35, S. D. = 13.23, 74.9% women) was selected. They reported TPB-variables, risk perception, conspiracy-related variables, and sociodemographic information. Structural equation was used to model the assumption that conspiracy beliefs presented direct and indirect effects on intentions. Conspiracy thinking, denialism, and sociodemographic information were also specified as determinants of conspiracy beliefs and vaccination intentions. Most determinants presented direct effects on intentions. Only perceived behavioral control, denialism, and conspiracy thinking presented no direct effects on intentions. Conspiracy beliefs had indirect effects on intentions via most TPB-variables and risk perception. Conspiracy beliefs were predicted only by conspiracy thinking, gender (male), and education. Sociodemographic variables had no effects on intentions. Evidence suggested that a mechanism integrating conspiracy-related variables, risk perception, and TPB-variables predicted CVI. Education and gender played a role in the onset of conspiracy beliefs and thereafter vaccination intentions.

Despite the success of humorous messages in various health interventions, its role in promoting physical activity (PA) remains understudied. This study addresses this gap by investigating the effectiveness of humorous messages in a 2-week smartphone-based intervention aimed at promoting walking behavior, particularly amongst cognitively fatigued individuals. Female participants (n = 57; M_age = 32.00; SD = 4.385) received humorous, nonhumorous, or a mix of both messages (in the form of memes) via a study-specific application, with cognitive fatigue measured daily. Panel linear regression models revealed a significant positive interaction between cognitive fatigue and message type. Our results suggest that the resilience of humorous messages to cognitive fatigue and their potential as motivational tools position them as a more robust choice for promoting PA. Importantly, when cognitively fatigued individuals received humorous messages, their walking behaviors showed no significant change, in contrast to the detrimental impact of nonhumorous messages on exercise. Recognizing the differential effects of cognitive fatigue on message effectiveness and considering the potential of humorous messages as motivational tools offers a valuable perspective for tailoring interventions to individual states.

Simple graphical displays such as icon arrays and tree diagrams have been proposed for communicating health risks and supporting informed decisions. The UK's National Health Service (NHS) uses tree diagrams to communicate the chances of different cervical cancer screening results, but their effectiveness has not been compared to icon arrays. We conducted a well-powered longitudinal experiment involving 3,100 UK women eligible for cervical screening (25-64 years) to examine the effectiveness of icon arrays to communicate possible cervical screening results, relative to the UK NHS's tree diagram and to a numerical-only format. We also examined whether the presence (vs. absence) of explanatory text referring to different types of results (i.e. distinguishing between HPV positive results with vs. without abnormal cervical cells) moderated effects of presentation format. Presentation format did not affect verbatim or gist knowledge of probabilities at initial assessment (i.e. immediately after participants viewed the displays), but icon arrays were associated with better gist knowledge of absolute magnitudes than tree diagrams and numerical-only formats at 1-month follow-up. Participants exposed to icon arrays also perceived lower likelihood of adverse screening results and reported stronger screening intentions at initial assessment. For displays without explanatory text, icon arrays were also associated with more positive user evaluations and less negative affective reactions than tree diagrams at initial assessment. Overall, our findings suggest that icon arrays support enduring knowledge of approximate magnitudes of probabilities and are better suited than tree diagrams for communicating possible screening results.