Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine最新文献

Background: Disordered eating behaviors are a growing public health concern among adolescents, with implications for both physical and psychological well-being. The availability of culturally valid assessment tools is critical for early identification and prevention.

Objectives: This study aimed to (i) examine how self-esteem, sport participation, and Body Mass Index (BMI) predict eating disorder symptoms in a large cohort of Tunisian schoolchildren, and (ii) assess the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q).

Methods: A total of 1,748 adolescents (629 boys, 1119 girls; mean age ≈ 16.8 years) from Zaghouan, Tunisia, completed self-report assessments of BMI, self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), physical and sports activity, and disordered eating (Arabic EDE-Q). Correlation, regression, and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted.

Results: Eating disorders were negatively associated with physical activity (boys: r = -0.456; girls: r = -0.260; p < 0.01) and self-esteem (β = 0.651; p < 0.001) and positively associated with BMI (β = 0.219; p < 0.001). The Arabic EDE-Q demonstrated a robust four-factor structure and high internal consistency (CFI = 0.996; RMSEA = 0.026). Gender differences were observed, with girls reporting higher disordered eating scores.

Conclusions: Self-esteem and BMI are significant predictors of disordered eating, underscoring the need for integrated public health strategies that promote mental well-being and healthy body image among adolescents. The validated Arabic EDE-Q offers a reliable tool for screening and monitoring disordered eating in Arabic-speaking youth populations, enabling early intervention in school-based mental health programs.

Background: Mobile health (mHealth) applications are becoming increasingly popular for delivering mental health support, yet insights on how to tailor them effectively for autistic individuals remain limited.

Methods: This paper describes the co-creation process of the Stress Autism Mate (SAM), a free, evidence-based stress management application for autistic adults.

Results: Development was guided by the five stages of the Design Thinking framework: Empathise, Define, Ideate, Prototype, and Test. Various challenges encountered over seven years of development are outlined, along with the iterative refinements made to address them. Based on continuous feedback from autistic adults, development emphasised a minimalist, predictable interface, essential personalisation options, and stress-related insights readily applicable to daily life.

Discussion: The lessons learned may offer practical guidance for designing tailored mHealth applications for autistic adults and other populations with specific needs or preferences.

Background and objective: Overweight and obesity have been associated to metabolic and psychological diseases, even at young ages. Most studies have analysed separately the physical and mental correlates of high BMI and global approaches are required for detailed comprehensive descriptions of the diverse endophenotypes. This study aimed to identify empirical clusters among overweight and obese young adults based on their nutritional patterns and mental well-being (depression, anxiety and stress levels).

Methods: The sample comprised N = 188 university students. Two-Step cluster explored the existence of empirical groups based on dietary intake, psychological and cardiometabolic state, and gender.

Results: The 4-cluster model was selected as the optimal solution. Men and women were separately distributed within the clusters. Cluster 2 obtained the highest mean in carbohydrates eating, while cluster 1 achieved the highest mean in fats and sodium ingesting. The worse psychopathological state was associated to cluster 4, nearly followed by cluster 2. The highest BMI and metabolic risks were associated to clusters 2 and 4 (also the highest proportion of metabolically unhealthy obese individuals).

Conclusions: Evidence-based and cost-effective public health programs aimed at preventing obesity should promote healthy eating patterns, as well as mental well-being and resilience.

Background: This randomized pilot study examined the relationships between objectively measured sleep characteristics and food cravings in adolescents and examined whether a brief sleep intervention would reduce food cravings from baseline to post-intervention compared to an active control group.

Methods: A community sample of 51 adolescents aged 13-17 years old were randomized to complete a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) sleep intervention or a study skills control intervention. The sleep intervention involved one telehealth CBT session, while the control group completed one telehealth CBT session to improve study skills. Sleep was assessed using actigraphs and adolescents reported on food cravings using a validated questionnaire at baseline and post-intervention.

Results: Sleep fragmentation, but not sleep duration, was a significant predictor of food cravings at baseline, controlling for age, β = 0.35, t = 2.41, p = 0.02, 95% CI [0.01-0.11]. The sleep intervention significantly reduced food cravings from baseline to post-intervention compared to the control group (significant time × intervention interaction, F(1, 45) = 4.30, p = 0.044, partial η² = 0.09, medium effect).

Conclusions: The results of this study support the relationship between poor sleep quality and more frequent food cravings, as well as the preliminary efficacy of a brief, CBT-based sleep intervention in reducing food cravings. The brief and digital delivery of this intervention enhances its accessibility.

Introduction: Research is needed to provide healthcare professionals (HCPs) with guidance on how to best communicate with pregnant women about physical activity (PA). This study aimed to answer: what is known about PA communication between HCPs and pregnant women in the UK?

Methods: Design: scoping review, adhering to established guidance (including the PRISMA-ScR). Research questions were informed by the Physical Activity Messaging Framework (PAMF). Relevant studies were identified by searching electronic databases and contacting key stakeholders. All studies were double screened. The data extracted included findings related to concepts within the PAMF. The results were presented in a descriptive numerical analysis and a narrative summary.

Results: Twenty-one studies were included. 81% were from England, and 71% involved solely qualitative methods. HCPs lack the knowledge and time required to provide PA advice, and stigma around weight prevents communication. Pregnant women feel that PA during pregnancy is dangerous and have low knowledge of the guidelines and benefits of PA. Many do not receive PA advice from HCPs, and where they do, it is minimal, contradictory, confusing, inconsistent, and negative. Tailored information and clear advice on what is safe, delivered using non-judgemental tones is desired. Pregnant women view HCPs as important messengers.

Conclusions: HCPs should address the perception that PA is dangerous by communicating relevant information from PA guidelines and highlighting wide-ranging benefits of PA during pregnancy (including benefits to mental health). Communication should be non-judgmental, clear and consistent. HCPs should be supported and trained to provide PA advice as part of their role.

Background: Only a small number of research have evaluated marital dissatisfaction and adverse health and psychosocial outcomes in lower-resourced countries. The aim of the study was to estimate the long-term associations of marital dissatisfaction with adverse health outcomes using four waves (7 years) of the national community-dwelling Health, Aging, and Retirement in Thailand (HART) study in people 45 years and older (also stratified by sex) from 2015 to 2022.

Methods: HART data from the 2015, 2017, 2020, and 2022 waves were analysed, including community-dwelling individuals aged 45 and above (average age 65.1 years) who indicated marital dissatisfaction (analytic pooled sample: n = 10790 observations). Marital dissatisfaction was measured using validated scales. The time-variant causes and outcomes were evaluated using linear fixed effects regression. To determine the hazard ratios (HRs) and evaluate the associations between marital discontent and 7-year mortality in the entire sample, a Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied.

Results: The average marital dissatisfaction score (0-10) was 1.8 (SD = 2.3). Fixed effects regressions showed that marital dissatisfaction was associated with low self-reported mental health, depressive symptoms, low quality of life, loneliness, functional limitations, poor self-rated physical health, low mastication, low exercise frequency, low meal skipping, and high subjective life expectancy. In addition, marital dissatisfaction was associated with all-cause mortality.

Conclusions: Our knowledge of the connection between marital discontent and negative health outcomes-four markers of physical and mental health, including mortality-is improved by this longitudinal study. Measures of marriage happiness and the health advantages of marital education programs for couples should be part of health promotion initiatives for the aging population as a whole.

Background: This longitudinal pilot trial investigated the effects of novel Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) training targeting fatigue on cognitive biases, fatigue, vitality, and fatigue-related behaviour in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: Thirty patients were alternately allocated to a week of CBM training with either attentional bias modification (ABM) or self-identity bias modification (SIBM), followed by a second week with the trainings combined. Twenty-two participants (12 pre-dialysis, 10 dialysis) completed the study, where cognitive biases and self-reported outcomes were measured at baseline, post-training, and follow-up. Possible interaction effects between CBM focus and disease stage were explored.

Results: A significant effect of time was found on both cognitive biases; participants' attentional bias (Cohen's d = 0.88-0.99) and self-identity bias (Cohen's d = 1.16-1.28) were significantly more vitality oriented at post and follow-up compared to baseline. On the self-report outcomes, a small beneficial effect was found on vitality, but only for the ABM training.

Conclusions: This is the first study to introduce CBM, which targets fatigue, to people with CKD. Despite the limitations in sample size and design, this study revealed strong effects on cognitive biases. It is recommended to replicate these findings in an adequately powered randomised controlled trial.

Background: Identifying theory-based, modifiable processes and resources in everyday life is essential for improving physical activity levels, and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) especially. Deconfounding different sources of social support for day-to-day LTPA, we examined effects of LTPA-specific received support from both private and work domains. Furthermore, we investigated whether daily intrapersonal processes - such as positive affect, self-efficacy, and planning - are linked with LTPA through cultivating social support.

Methods: A total of 118 adults (M _age = 37.88, SD = 11.73, 65% women) participated in a 15-day ambulatory assessment study. Morning positive affect, self-efficacy, and planning, afternoon LTPA-specific received social support from family/friends, and colleagues/supervisors, and self-reported LTPA and working hours (both measured in the evening) were assessed daily. LTPA was also measured using accelerometers combined with worktime information. First, we fit multilevel models to explain device-assessed and self-reported LTPA. Second, within-person mediation analyses examined the role of received social support as a potential mediator between relevant intrapersonal processes and LTPA at the day level.

Results: On average, participants received more LTPA-specific support from the private compared to the work domain. Having received higher-than-usual social support from family/friends on a day was consistently linked to higher LTPA. No such within-person effect emerged for support from colleagues/supervisors. On days with higher-than-usual self-efficacy and planning, participants performed more LTPA, whereas positive affect was unrelated to LTPA at the within-person level. These results were found for both device-assessed and self-reported LTPA. Within-person mediation analyses revealed that between 16%-22% of the effects from self-efficacy and planning to device-assessed/self-reported LTPA were mediated by social support from family/friends.

Conclusions: Our results identify intrapersonal and private-domain social exchange processes as potential targets for future ecological momentary interventions. Consistent with the cultivation hypothesis, we also identified that daily self-efficacy and planning were linked to LTPA via social support from family/friends.

Introduction: Children diagnosed with a pediatric brain tumor (PBT) are at risk for deficits that can affect their quality of life (QoL). One potential avenue to target the QoL of these patients is physical activity (PA). This study aimed to evaluate the association between parent and child PA levels, and the unique contributions of these outcomes to children's overall and domain-specific QoL in children with PBT, including those in active treatment and remission.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted in a hospital setting, we measured PA levels of 36 parent-child dyads through self-reported weekly minutes of PA. We assessed children's overall and domain-specific (i.e. physical, emotional, social, school functioning) QoL with the PedsQL Generic Core Scales. We analyzed our data descriptively and using correlation analyses to explore relationships between child and parent PA levels. We used an Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) to evaluate whether child and parent PA were associated with children's QoL.

Results: In 36 parent-child dyads, we found a strong positive correlation between parent and child (m_age = 10.44 ± 4.09; range 5-18 years) PA levels (r = 0.802, p < 0.001). The APIM revealed excellent model fit indices (χ²(8) = 3.40, p = 0.907, CFI = 1.000, TLI = 1.208, RMSEA = 0 (90% CI[0, 0.079]), SRMR = 0.077) and a significant actor effect, with child PA being significantly positively associated with the child's overall QoL (β = 0.779, FDR-corrected p = 0.05, 95% CI[0.019, 0.108]). There was no partner effect, however, as parents' PA was not associated with the child's overall or domain-specific QoL (median FDR-corrected p = 0.290).

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that in children diagnosed with a PBT, child PA levels are significantly associated with their overall QoL, and parents' PA is not associated with their child's QoL. These findings highlight the need for clinical interventions that promote PA that is tailored to the needs of this population. Future research should explore approaches for family-based interventions to enhance QoL.

Purpose: This study described the relationship of age, body composition and ancestry on sleep behavior, knowledge, and attitudes in rugby league athletes.

Methods: Fifty rugby league athletes completed the Sleep Practices and Attitudes Questionnaire alongside demographic information (age, body composition, ancestry). The results were compared based on age (<20 years old, 20-24 years old and >25 years), body composition (body fat percentage (%)) and ancestral groups (Pasifika, Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) and Anglo-European). Spearman's correlation determined the associations between body composition and sleep knowledge, beliefs and attitudes. An ANCOVA compared differences between ancestral groups with age and body composition as covariates, while a one-way ANOVA was used for age group comparisons.

Results: Younger athletes had higher scores for eating/drinking in bed (p = 0.039), while those with higher body fat percentage read less in bed (p = 0.022) and reported lower sleep quality (p = 0.027). For ancestry, significantly lower sleep difficulty scores were reported for Anglo-European compared to both ATSI and Pasifika (p < 0.05) athletes. Furthermore, significantly higher self-reported sleep durations existed between Anglo-Europeans and Pasifika (p = 0.030). Ancestry affected coping with chronic insomnia (prioritize sleep, reduce caffeine), activities in bed (eat/drink, work/thinking) and the physical environment (dark, physically comfortable, comfortable temperature).

Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of accounting for cultural and physiological variation when designing sleep education and interventions in rugby leagues. Future research needs to consider ancestry, body composition and age when assisting sleep educational programs during rugby league.