Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine最新文献

Introduction: There is accumulating evidence of ineffective decision-making between birthing individuals and healthcare providers during childbirth. While research syntheses have demonstrated that negative birth experiences are associated with postpartum mental health, primary quantitative studies linking specific decision-making measures and mental health outcomes have not been synthesised. The present study aims to fill this gap in order to provide hands-on evidence on how to further improve perinatal care.

Methods: A systematic literature search using Bolean logic was conducted. A final set of 34 publications from 14 different countries could be included in our meta-analysis. Measures of intrapartum decision-making were consolidated into four key domains: information, respect, control, and involvement. We conducted multi-level meta-analyses to assess the overall relationship of intra-partum decision-making and mental-health outcomes, as well as the specific correlations associated with each decision-making domain.

Results: Our analysisrevealed that less effective intrapartum decision-making is associated with more postpartum overall mental health problems (r = -.25), depression (r = -.19), and posttraumatic stress disorder (r = -.29). More precisely, while all domains of intrapartum decision-making (information: r = -.22, involvement: r = -.23, respect: r = -.28, control: r = -.25) were associated with postpartum overall psychopathology, only information (r = -.18), respect (r = -.25), and control (r = -.12) were associated with depression, and only involvement (r = -.31), respect (r = -.32), and control (r = -.25) were associated with posttraumatic stress disorder. A higher percentange of planned cesarean sections in a sample and longer time lags between birth and post-effect measurement were identified as moderating variables.

Conclusions: Ineffective decision-making is a significant contributing factor to the development of adverse postpartum mental health problems outcomes. Implications for practice concern establishing numerous antenatal care contacts as a standard to enhance birth preparedness for both birthing individuals and providers. Additionally, measuring the experience of intrapartum decision-making as an indicator of quality of care as a default to monitor, analyse, and improve decision-making and to facilitate accountability systems.

Background: Sunburn and intermittent sun exposure elevate melanoma skin cancer risk. Sun protection behaviours, including limiting sun exposure, seeking shade, wearing protective gear, and using sunscreen, help mitigate excessive sun exposure. Smartphone apps present a promising platform to enhance these behaviours.

Objective: Part 1 aimed to analyse and evaluate the content of mobile apps that encourage sun protection behaviours, focusing on features, and behaviour change techniques (BCTs). Part 2 explored user preferences and usability post-initial use and two weeks later.

Results: Part 1 identified 1294 apps; after applying exclusion criteria, 87 apps were downloaded, with 48 included for analysis. The apps presented opportunities for enhancement in their theoretical and evidence basis, and visualisations use (e.g. UV-index). The apps mapped across a total of 12 BCTs (M = 1.71, SD = 1.07; range = 0-5). The most frequently identified BCTs were 'instruction on how to perform behaviour' (65%), 'information about health consequences' (29%), and 'prompts/cues' (27%). In Part 2, participants favoured features supporting knowledge and ease of use. Participants expressed a preference for apps that are free of paid features, advertisements, and external purchases. Tailored advice (e.g. location, skin type) was deemed crucial, particularly for initial exposure. Proactive features integrating behavioural, personal, and contextual information for adaptive and just-in-time sun protection advice were seen as essential for sustaining engagement.

Conclusions: Sun protection apps emphasizing knowledge, ease of use, tailored advice, and proactive features are likely to encourage sustained engagement. Suggestions for optimising current and future sun protection apps are provided.

Background: Psychologists play a crucial role in providing essential psychological aid to individuals navigating the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, studies focusing on the mental health of psychologists during the COVID-19 pandemic remain scarce. This study investigates the interaction between coping strategies and psychological distress among a group of Indonesian psychologists.

Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted over two-time points in 2021, with data collected from April 29 to June 23 and again from September 1 to October 23. A total of ninety-seven psychologists, predominantly female (91 out of 97), participated. The data was collected through an online survey, where participants completed the Indonesian version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and the Brief COPE questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was used to perform cross-lag analyses on the data.

Results: The findings revealed that adaptive coping strategies were strong predictors of continued use of adaptive coping strategies six months later, while existing psychological distress strongly predicted future distress. Notably, maladaptive coping strategies demonstrated a similar pattern, predicting the continued use of maladaptive coping techniques over time, but they were also consistently associated with psychological distress across both time points, though they did not significantly predict future psychological distress.

Discussion: These findings shed light on the dynamic nature of coping strategies and psychological distress among psychologists, presenting significant implications for their support systems and mental health during the challenges posed by the pandemic. Future studies should focus on how psychologists can reduce maladaptive coping strategies to be better equipped to handle very stressful situations such as a pandemic. Additionally, researchers should explore effective interventions and programs that can be implemented to enhance adaptive coping mechanisms, ultimately improving overall psychological resilience and well-being during crises.

Despite mounting evidence of a robust relation between discrimination and poor pain outcomes in people of color (POC) with chronic pain, little is known about everyday discrimination's role in increasing the risk of opioid misuse and its potential interactive effects. This study aimed to evaluate the potential moderating effect of everyday discrimination on the relationship between chronic pain severity and the risk of opioid misuse among POC with chronic pain. Everyday discrimination was assessed using the 9-item Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS), while the risk of opioid misuse was measured with the 14-item Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain (SOAPP). Using a racially diverse sample of 348 individuals with chronic pain, ranging in age from 20 to 75 years old (M = 28.56), this study investigated these relationships through path analysis conducted in Mplus, controlling for age, sex, and social class. The results showed that high levels of everyday discrimination placed POC patients at a higher risk of opioid misuse when they experienced more severe pain. When chronic physical pain was accompanied by chronic social pain stemming from discrimination, POC patients reported a significantly higher risk of opioid misuse. Discrimination may intensify pain severity, potentially necessitating a higher dose and/or longer-term opioid treatment and, thus, increasing the risk of opioid misuse among POC. The integration of routine assessments of patients' experiences of discrimination could strengthen the ecological validity of pain assessment and treatment. Where feasible, clinicians might consider exploring the experiences of discrimination among POC patients as part of a holistic approach to pain management, and when indicated, facilitate referrals to psychosocial services to address both social and physical aspects of pain.

Introduction: The present article describes the processed data generated in a qualitative interview study and template analysis. Many women find the experience of being recalled and receiving a false-positive breast screening test result to be distressing. The interview study aimed to understand breast screening healthcare professionals' (HCPs) experiences of providing care during the recall process and when receiving false-positive screening test results, including their communication with women around false-positive screening test results.

Methods: Twelve HCPs from a single screening unit in the English National Health Service Breast Screening Programme participated in semi-structured interviews in 2020. All participants were female. A range of HCPs roles were recruited, including advanced radiographer practitioners, breast radiographers, breast radiologists, clinical nurse specialists, and radiology healthcare assistants. The data were analysed thematically using template analysis from a limited realist perspective.

Results: A total of 20 data files are described, reflecting the iterative nature of template analysis. The files report various versions of codes, subthemes, themes, and every template produced during analysis. The files are publicly available on the Open Science Framework and UK Data Service (ReShare).

Discussion: This data note outlines our approach to conducting a template analysis of qualitative data while protecting highly identifiable data, which is stored in a non-public archive and only available to the study team. It offers a practical, worked example of the template analysis process, thereby providing a detailed illustration beyond the concise summaries typically found in published reports, and complementing methodological papers of template analysis.

Introduction: The environmental impact of on-site conferences, with air travel as the primary contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, has prompted a surge in research in recent years. The objective of this report is to raise awareness and stimulate transformation in the organisation of meetings of the European Health Psychology Society (EHPS).

Methods: We conducted estimations of travel-related CO₂eq emissions of EHPS conferences in 2019, 2022, and 2023, and performed projections for 2024 and 2025. Additionally, we developed hypothetical scenarios for selected European cities as centroids for future conferences.

Results: EHPS conferences with an online option result in significant reductions in CO₂eq emissions when compared to on-site only conferences. The selected European locations of these conferences enable more delegates to choose alternative forms of transportation instead of flying, such as trains, cars or buses, and consequently lead to significantly lower CO₂eq emissions.

Discussion: The principal avenues for curbing travel-related emissions while maintaining on-site attendance are the provision of hybrid conferences with enhanced online participation and the optimisation of venue locations.

Introduction: Women typically experience more intense stress related to infertility compared to men, which is partly connected to the importance that motherhood and parenthood have for women in most societies. Considering the dominance of pronatalism in the majority of cultures, it is not surprising that women, who are most often considered responsible for reproduction, suffer greater social and psychological pressure due to infertility.

Method: The study employs a social constructionist framework to explore how women facing infertility construct their notions of their first IVF treatment. Eleven women, aged 21-39, participated in the study and underwent semi-structured interviews. Thematic Analysis with a social constructionist epistemology was employed to investigate co-produced accounts of their first IVF.

Results: Four ways of representing IVF emerged from the women's statements about this procedure: IVF as a helpful step towards success; as a stressful journey into the unknown; as a game of chance; and as something I (do not) ask about.

Discussion: The representations of IVF identified allow us to understand the subject positions of our participants that determine their thoughts, emotions, and behavior. In the narratives of almost all participants, we encounter different, even contradictory positions. The results allow us to understand better the needs of women facing infertility and to try to develop a system of treatment that is going to meet these needs, and therefore prevent the psychological consequences caused by this bio-psycho-social crisis.

Background/purpose: Rural adults and children are at higher risk for overweight and obesity. However, there are relatively few lifestyle modification programs available for these high-risk families, mainly because of the difficulty in reaching them. This mindfulness-based motivational interviewing (MM-based-MI) pilot aimed to improve parents' healthy eating index (HEI), collective family efficacy, family satisfaction, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms as well as parent-child dyads' eating patterns, physical activity (PA), and body mass index (BMI).

Methods: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in the Midwestern US to examine the feasibility (enrollment, attendance, and attrition), acceptability, and preliminary effects of an MM-based-MI intervention that contained nine sessions of health coaching (1-on-1), while the active-control included nine emailed health handouts sent over an 18-week period.

Results: A total of 46 parents (29 intervention, 17 control; M_age= 38.5 years, 85% female) participated. The enrollment rate, intervention attendance rate, and attrition rate were 12.6%, 79.8%, and 23.9% respectively. Although not statistically significant, compared to the control, the MM-based-MI intervention showed positive effects on improving parents' HEI in terms of increasing total HEI score (Cohen's d = 0.43), vegetable intake (d = 0.41), greens/beans (d = 0.59), protein food (d = 0.82), and self-efficacy in exercise (d = 0.21), as well as decreasing total calories (Kcal, d = -0.58), added sugar (d = -0.50), and depressive symptoms (d = -0.42), while controlling for marital status. Controlling for age, sex, and marital status, intervention children had greater improvement in increasing fiber (d = 0.75) and protein (d = 0.72) intake compared to the active-control group. Moreover, parents in both groups reported improvement (small to large effects) in ↑mindful eating, ↑collective family efficacy, ↑family satisfaction, and ↓perceived stress over time.

Conclusions: Despite some limitations (small sample size, virtual at home measurement), our results support the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of this Mindful Healthy Family program on potentially mitigating some obesogenic behaviors among rural parent-child dyads.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05324969.

Introduction: Individuals living in rural areas report poorer health outcomes, including obesity, compared to individuals living in urban areas. Amongst others, this is due to restricted access to opportunities for healthy eating and physical activity. Interventions are urgently needed to address this gap. It is yet unclear whether digital interventions are suited for this purpose. The present dataset provides information on adults residing in rural Germany regarding their health status, perceived access to opportunities for healthy eating and physical activity, and digital device ownership and intervention use. Materials and methods: A pen-and-paper survey was conducted in winter 2022/2023 among patients of five general practitioners' practices in rural Bavaria. Materials and data are openly available for future use. Data description: The dataset contains responses from N = 273 individuals (54.9% women, 44.8% men, 0.4% diverse; age M = 51.3, SD = 16.7; BMI M = 29.1, SD = 15.9). On average, 30.6 participants failed to respond to any given item (SD = 33.0; range 1-136). Eighty-four percent had access to the internet and a computer and 91.4% owned a smartphone, but the majority (58.5%/ 84.2%) had no prior experience with mobile physical activity or dietary interventions, respectively. Discussion: This dataset provides insights into barriers and facilitators to healthy eating and physical activity in rural populations and digital (health) technology use. It provides starting points for behavioural weight management interventions in rural areas.

Introduction: Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is a global public health problem and a leading cause of disability among older adults. Recent years have seen a burgeoning interest in promoting resilience in individuals with chronic pain; however, therapeutic strategies that focus on positive psychological resources and individual strengths are understudied among older adult populations. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a resilience-promoting intervention among older adults with cLBP, and to assess preliminary treatment effects on pain severity, pain interference, and quality of life.

Methods: Participants included 50 adults, ages ≥50 years, with back pain rated (at minimum) of moderate intensity and having a significant impact on daily activities. This single-arm trial included seven weekly group sessions targeting positive psychology concepts and techniques that have established benefits in pain management.

Results: Results suggest high credibility and engagement in the intervention program. Participants found the weekly session content to be beneficial and global treatment satisfaction was high. Pain intensity (-4.3 [-6.14, -2.54]), pain interference (-3.3 [-4.83, -1.80]), depression (-1.6 [-3.16, -0.04]) and QoL-health satisfaction (0.3 [0.01, 0.55]) improved from pre- to post-intervention. At the 3-month follow-up, improvements were also observed for pain intensity (-2.1 [-9.29, -5.04]), pain interference (-5.3 [-6.54, -2.86]), and QoL-physical health (0.9 [0.11, 1.74]).

Discussion: Results support the feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of a resilience intervention for older adults with cLBP. These findings may be a step toward the advancement of therapeutic pain modalities and provide a foundation for future research on resilience-promoting interventions for aging populations with chronic pain.