Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine最新文献

Employee well-being is essential for both individual fulfillment and organizational productivity. This registered report outlines a mixed-methods daily diary study designed to understand how employees use needs-based crafting strategies to fulfill their psychological needs across work and nonwork domains. Over a four-week period, 100 employees from diverse occupational sectors in Germany will participate. Data collection includes a baseline survey, daily diary assessments over two weeks, and a follow-up survey in the final week. The study captures both quantitative and qualitative data on daily crafting strategies, contextual influences, and individual differences. Quantitative analyses will examine within-person fluctuations and between-person differences in needs-based crafting and well-being indicators using multilevel modeling. Qualitative responses will be analyzed thematically and further explored for variations across employee subgroups defined by individual characteristics and well-being profiles. The study aims to uncover how employees actively shape their daily experiences to meet core psychological needs, how these strategies vary across individuals and contexts, and how they relate to employee well-being. Findings are expected to inform future interventions and practical recommendations for supporting employee well-being through needs-based crafting approaches in both work and nonwork life domains.

Purpose: The study is part of a larger structural change programme, where Participatory Appreciative Action and Reflection (PAAR) has been used with the aim of changing home care practices to align with individuals' needs and goals. The purpose of this study was to describe how the knowledge process in PAAR was conducted to develop a new way of working based on the individual's needs and goals in home care.

Method: A total of 160 co-researchers i.e. older persons, relatives, staff, administrators, first-line managers, case managers and persons from the authority were included in the study. Data was collected through fieldwork, including interviews, participant observations, informal conversations, focus group discussions, reference groups, and appreciative inquiry circles.

Results: Co-creating knowledge was revealed as a three-step process: preparation for access to the field, being together in the field, and leaving the field. Each step describes several cycles of how the PAAR process proceeded, with actions leading to reflections and vice versa, which drove the knowledge process forward.

Conclusions: The knowledge process of PAAR, gave rise to seven lessons learnt for future practice development: Contact pathways and trusting relationships, Loving struggle over time, An appreciative gaze, Patience and courage, Different ways of learning, A shared goal and Flexibility to adapt PAAR to changes in the field.

Background: Data Note articles describe openly available research datasets. They detail how and why the data were created, with the aim of increasing research transparency and facilitating data reuse. However, existing guidelines and templates for Data Note articles have been designed for quantitative research datasets and are unsuitable for qualitative research datasets. As qualitative health and social care datasets have unique sensitivities, they must be treated and reported differently to quantitative datasets.

Aim: To describe the protocol for developing a novel reporting guideline for Data Note articles describing qualitative health and social care datasets (i.e. the DeNOTE reporting guideline).

Methods: The DeNOTE study includes (i) a rapid scoping exercise of existing documents and expert knowledge to identify and synthesise relevant reporting 'items' or 'statements' for a Data Note article describing qualitative health and social care data, (ii) an online questionnaire with expert participants to rate their agreement with items identified in (i) and to propose new or amended items, (iii) an online workshop with participants to co-develop the reporting items and reach consensus, (iv) eliciting participant feedback on the draft reporting guideline, and (v) finalising the guideline.

Conclusion: Our plans to develop the DeNOTE reporting guideline are registered on the EQUATOR (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research) Network. The guideline will support researchers producing Data Note articles describing qualitative health and social care data. We will create a tailored resource to address the needs of qualitative researchers to facilitate transparency and to support data reuse.

Background: Delay discounting is the tendency when people choose an immediate smaller reward over a delayed, larger reward in decision-making. Higher delay discounting is associated with maladaptive behaviours that can interfere with long-term goal pursuits, whilst low delay discounting is associated with better outcomes in health, academic, and social domains. Episodic Future Thinking is a promising strategy for decreasing delay discounting. Narrative Episodic Future Thinking (NEFT) has shown to be more effective than traditional Episodic Future Thinking. NEFT involves imagining life experiences in personal narratives, therefore imagining future events with a theme makes the events more meaningful, and better able to influence decision-making. This proof-of-concept study aimed to discover if it is feasible to build upon the success of NEFT intervention online and how it may impact on goal salience.

Methods: Adults (N = 147) from the general population were recruited from social media, the university's Participant Registry and in local community areas. Participants (N = 63) were randomly allocated to Episodic Recent Thinking (ERT) or NEFT group and attended an online session where they mentally visualised past events or a series of connected future events over several time-points. They rehearsed the mental imagery using cues generated at their allocated group for two weeks.

Results: Repeated measures ANOVAs showed a significant main effect of time and a significant interaction effect between group and time. Participants allocated to NEFT had reduced delay discounting score and increased goal likeliness over time whilst participants allocated to ERT had increased delay discounting score and decreased goal likeliness over time.

Conclusion: As 84.13% of participants who participated in intervention completed the study, all participants successfully generated cues online, and online NEFT significantly reduced delay discounting, this study demonstrated that running NEFT intervention online to reduce delay discounting in the general population is feasible.

Background: Non-adherence to medication therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is prevalent. Theoretical models have been used to identify the proximal determinants of behavior.

Aim: To identify the direct psychosocial predictors of adherence to insulin therapy based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), among outpatients with DM2.

Methods: Longitudinal and predictive study, whose data was collected at baseline and 3-month follow-up. At baseline (n = 119), sociodemographic and clinical data, self-reported measures of insulin adherence, psychosocial variables of TPB and glycated hemoglobin (A1C) were collected. At 3-month follow-up (n = 70), measurements of insulin adherence and A1C were again measured. Multiple linear regression, via generalized linear models and Multiple Poisson regression, with robust variance analysis were used, for quantitative and categorical outcomes, respectively.

Results: One point in the Intention score led to a mean increase of 12.5% in the proportion of insulin doses, and there was a mean increase of 25% in the probability of the person taking insulin every day or practically every day. Attitude was a predictor of Intention. The moderation analysis demonstrated that higher levels of Perceived Behavioral Control weakened the effect of Attitude on Intention.

Conclusions: The results showed that Intention was predictor of behavioral measure of adherence and the proportion of insulin doses. Attitude was predictor of Intention and Perceived Behavioral Control moderated the effect of Attitude and Subjective Norm on Intention. These findings highlight the importance of developing interventions that prioritize motivational strategies to enhance insulin adherence in the clinical practice. However, future studies with larger sample sizes and the inclusion of belief assessments are recommended to optimize the understanding of the psychosocial determinants of insulin adherence among outpatients with DM2.

Introduction: Somatosensory amplification (SSA) refers to the tendency to experience body sensations as intense, noxious, and disturbing, and is associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression among cancer survivors. Body sensations among survivors are highly attributed to the possibility of cancer recurrence, thus triggering fear of cancer recurrence (FCR). Given that FCR itself is correlated with higher psychological distress, in this study we examined the mediating role of FCR in the relationship between SSA and symptoms of anxiety and depression among cancer survivors.

Materials and methods: One hundred and seventeen cancer survivors up to 10 years post-diagnosis took part in this cross-sectional study. Measures consisted of a demographic and medical questionnaire; the anxiety and depression domains of the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS); the Somatosensory Amplification Scale; and the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory-Short Form. Mediation analyses were conducted to determine whether FCR mediated the relationships between SSA and both anxiety and depression.

Results: SSA was found to be positively correlated with anxiety, depression, and FCR, and FCR was found to be positively correlated with anxiety and depression. FCR was found to fully mediate the relationships between SSA and both anxiety and depression.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that FCR may serve as a mechanism linking SSA to psychological distress, highlighting the need to consider targeting FCR in interventions for cancer survivors.

Introduction: To promote mindful eating it may be relevant to take different eating profiles into account. This prospective study aimed to (i) identify the existence of potential respondent subgroups regarding mindful eating and (ii) compare these profiles on socio-demographic characteristics and social-cognitive beliefs about mindful eating using the I-Change Model (ICM).

Methods: Dutch adults (M_age = 52.6; 53% male) responded to an online survey at baseline (N = 615) and 3-months (n = 513) follow-up asking about social-cognitive beliefs about practicing mindful eating based on the ICM. Following a latent profile analysis of mindful eating facets, profiles at baseline were compared on social-cognitive beliefs at follow-up using a MANOVA with Tukey-adjusted post-hoc tests.

Results: Three profiles were identified (1. low awareness, high acceptance; 2. high awareness, low acceptance; 3. moderate awareness, moderate acceptance). These profiles significantly differed in their demographics and social-cognitive beliefs about mindful eating (e.g., knowledge, perceived pros and cons, self-efficacy, intention and planning to adopt mindful eating).

Discussion: Findings suggest the limitations of a one-size-fits-all approach to promoting mindful eating. Interventions may need to consider different recruitment and targeted strategies based on socio-demographic characteristics and social-cognitive beliefs to ensure different groups of individuals are represented in and can benefit from interventions in a safe and accessible way.

Background: Adults with Down syndrome (DS) are at an elevated risk of chronic health conditions (e.g. obesity, Alzheimer's disease). Although physical activity can mitigate the effects of these conditions, adults with DS spend more time sedentary relative to the adult general population. This study examined how daily fluctuations in two lifestyle factors, sleep and leisure, affect physical activity in adults with DS. Method: For 7 days, a sample of adults with DS (N = 109) wore a GT9X ActiGraph accelerometer to collect movement and sleep data and completed a daily diary to record leisure engagement. Movement variables included time spent sedentary, in light physical activity, and in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Sleep variables included total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SE). Time spent in and total count of cognitively stimulating leisure (e.g. reading, experiential activities) and social leisure (e.g. visiting friends, attending club meetings) were based on 22 items from the Victoria Longitudinal Study activity questionnaire. Mixed linear models examined between - and within-person associations for sleep and physical activity, and leisure and physical activity. Models controlled for sociodemographics, day of week, and weekend (vs. weekday). Results: At the between-person level, more TST was associated with more time sedentary (ps < .05) and less physical activity (ps < .001). More SE was associated with less time sedentary (ps < .001) and more physical activity (ps < .05). At the within-person level, participants with more physical activity than typical predicted greater TST (and less SE) that night (ps < .01). More cognitively stimulating and social leisure were associated with more physical activity at the within-person level (ps < .05). Conclusions: Findings can inform health programs seeking to increase physical activity in adults with DS. Interventions should consider the function of sleep and leisure in everyday life for long-term sustainability of physical activity.

Background: Insufficient sleep and circadian timing are both linked with obesity, primarily via unhealthy food choice, yet the cognitive mechanisms underpinning such relationships remain unclear.

Methods: Across two studies, we implemented an ecologically valid within-subjects at-home protocol. Study 1 (n = 118) involved a within-subjects examination of how sleep restriction (SR) versus well-rested (WR) sleep levels affect choices in a food-based approach-avoidance task (AAT) and go-no/go (GNG) task, a food liking task, a food-choice task, a psychomotor vigilance task (PVT), and a monetary choice task. Study 2 (n = 119) involved examining choices in the same set of tasks administered once in the afternoon (4pm) and once during the night (4am), which leveraged circadian influences on sleepiness and cognitive function.

Results: During the night, participants indicated steeper discounting rates relative to the afternoon. Furthermore, such rates predicted higher liking of high-calorie food choices regardless of time of day and when sleep restricted. Approach bias for low-calorie food interacted with the night condition in predicting both low- and high-calorie food choices.

Conclusion: Both delay discounting and approach bias may be important cognitive mechanisms predicting food liking and choice under sleep restricted and altered circadian timing conditions. Further research should replicate such results using real rewards.