Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794531
B. Assow
Power supply manufacturers try to make smaller and more efficient power supplies by increasing the switching frequency. Is this necessary? In all known switchmode technologies the flyback is the technology which uses the fewest number of components. By this technique it is possible to make very compact power supplies without using very high switching frequencies. This article is more written after practical design experiences than theoretical calculations.
{"title":"Smaller, More Efficient Power Supplies - But how","authors":"B. Assow","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794531","url":null,"abstract":"Power supply manufacturers try to make smaller and more efficient power supplies by increasing the switching frequency. Is this necessary? In all known switchmode technologies the flyback is the technology which uses the fewest number of components. By this technique it is possible to make very compact power supplies without using very high switching frequencies. This article is more written after practical design experiences than theoretical calculations.","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128321013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794546
P. Ashar, B.I. Wallner, J. S. Hill, A.Q. Quang
With the impending energy shortages and the steeply rising costs of constructing new power generation facilities, the electric utilities in the US have found it economically advantageous to encourage major consumers of electricity to curtail usage, mainly during the peak consumption hours between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. in the summer months. The local telephone companies, while not a very big user of utility power, have a built-in advantage with the availability of standby engine-alternator set in most central offices. The Pacific Bell engineers and the staff of Southern California Edison (SCE-the local electric utility serving a major portion of Southern California) have been negotiating over the ligistics and the economic incentives for implementing this Load Shed Project. This paper attempts to describe the Load Shed Project in terms of its economic merits and the computer-based network which centralizes the control and monitoring process for more than 200 stations.
{"title":"Integrated Load Shedding Project","authors":"P. Ashar, B.I. Wallner, J. S. Hill, A.Q. Quang","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794546","url":null,"abstract":"With the impending energy shortages and the steeply rising costs of constructing new power generation facilities, the electric utilities in the US have found it economically advantageous to encourage major consumers of electricity to curtail usage, mainly during the peak consumption hours between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. in the summer months. The local telephone companies, while not a very big user of utility power, have a built-in advantage with the availability of standby engine-alternator set in most central offices. The Pacific Bell engineers and the staff of Southern California Edison (SCE-the local electric utility serving a major portion of Southern California) have been negotiating over the ligistics and the economic incentives for implementing this Load Shed Project. This paper attempts to describe the Load Shed Project in terms of its economic merits and the computer-based network which centralizes the control and monitoring process for more than 200 stations.","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128472246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794575
E. Canuzzi, C. Proietti, C. Fareri
This work, organized from a joint-research between Telespazio S.p.A. and Pragma S.p.A., deals with a photovoltaic energy system installed on the platform roof of Telespazio's building in Rome. The purpose of this experiment is to supply the receiving equipment of a television antenna; this feature is particularly interesting for many other applications too. After a brief description of the photovoltaic system the paper examines, in detail, each component such as: photovoltaic modul, battery, charge regulators. Moreover the authors give some considerations on recording data of most important parameters such as: field current, load voltage and current, insolation, and describes the design procedures of a photovoltaic system for similar purposes.
{"title":"Photovoltaic System for Remote Antennas in Satellite Telecommunication","authors":"E. Canuzzi, C. Proietti, C. Fareri","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794575","url":null,"abstract":"This work, organized from a joint-research between Telespazio S.p.A. and Pragma S.p.A., deals with a photovoltaic energy system installed on the platform roof of Telespazio's building in Rome. The purpose of this experiment is to supply the receiving equipment of a television antenna; this feature is particularly interesting for many other applications too. After a brief description of the photovoltaic system the paper examines, in detail, each component such as: photovoltaic modul, battery, charge regulators. Moreover the authors give some considerations on recording data of most important parameters such as: field current, load voltage and current, insolation, and describes the design procedures of a photovoltaic system for similar purposes.","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124057243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794603
T. Chandler, D. P. Contostavios
Voltage disturbances of all types occur in different geographic areas of the United States. The effects of these disturbances on large computers and data processing centers have been published in studies over the last two decades. This paper will evaluate power line disturbances as they affect today's trends toward distributed power, the proliferation smaller computers and lower operating voltages. The effect of line disturbances upon high-speed, low voltage computers will be studied in selected high-technology sites geographically based toward the west with emphasis on Areas not studied before. The preliminary findings of the first 6 sites will be presented during the 1987 Intelec. The study will continue through 1987 and will monitor additional sites. It is anticipated that first results may be inconclusive, and that data from more sites over a longer period will be needed. The final results of the ongoing study will be presented during the 1988 Intelec meeting if acceptable. Using the BMI 4800 Powersope, the latest technology in power line monitors, the initial results on first 6 sites indicate the primary source of power line disturbance that affect telephone and computer system operation are generated internally to the building. These disturbances may be as high as 70% of the overall power line related disruptions to the telephone and computer systems. The BMI data shows actual pictures and graphs of severe waveshape distortion normal mode (line to neutral) and common mode (neutral to ground) impulses and high frequency noise the power line internal to the building.
{"title":"Initial Results of a New Ongoing Study to Monitor Power Line Disturbances and their Affect on Telephone and Computer Systems of the 1980's","authors":"T. Chandler, D. P. Contostavios","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794603","url":null,"abstract":"Voltage disturbances of all types occur in different geographic areas of the United States. The effects of these disturbances on large computers and data processing centers have been published in studies over the last two decades. This paper will evaluate power line disturbances as they affect today's trends toward distributed power, the proliferation smaller computers and lower operating voltages. The effect of line disturbances upon high-speed, low voltage computers will be studied in selected high-technology sites geographically based toward the west with emphasis on Areas not studied before. The preliminary findings of the first 6 sites will be presented during the 1987 Intelec. The study will continue through 1987 and will monitor additional sites. It is anticipated that first results may be inconclusive, and that data from more sites over a longer period will be needed. The final results of the ongoing study will be presented during the 1988 Intelec meeting if acceptable. Using the BMI 4800 Powersope, the latest technology in power line monitors, the initial results on first 6 sites indicate the primary source of power line disturbance that affect telephone and computer system operation are generated internally to the building. These disturbances may be as high as 70% of the overall power line related disruptions to the telephone and computer systems. The BMI data shows actual pictures and graphs of severe waveshape distortion normal mode (line to neutral) and common mode (neutral to ground) impulses and high frequency noise the power line internal to the building.","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128941375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794545
M. Chappey
The energy policy of the French Télécommunications was defined in 1979. One of it aims was a saving of 171 103 BOE on the 1985 consumption trend. The saving, in fact, was well above the targeted figure and reached 243 103 BOE. The subject of this lecture is to present an analysis of the performances achieved in the 3 classical fields : the transport field, the tertiary field and the industrial field. We will also specify the amount of the investments made and describe some of the technical actions which obtained the best results.
{"title":"The Energy Policy of the French Telecommunications Results of the 1980 - 1985 Plan","authors":"M. Chappey","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794545","url":null,"abstract":"The energy policy of the French Télécommunications was defined in 1979. One of it aims was a saving of 171 103 BOE on the 1985 consumption trend. The saving, in fact, was well above the targeted figure and reached 243 103 BOE. The subject of this lecture is to present an analysis of the performances achieved in the 3 classical fields : the transport field, the tertiary field and the industrial field. We will also specify the amount of the investments made and describe some of the technical actions which obtained the best results.","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129151568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794602
R. Storrs
{"title":"Equipment for Attenuation of Mains Transients","authors":"R. Storrs","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794602","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117215993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794627
S. Bråten, H. Raphael, B. Aspmo
Research and experience have shown that cell voltage plays a significant role for the service lifetime of constantly charged high-antimonic lead batteries. It is generally believed that this also occures for newer types low-antimonic lead batteries. Since a battery charger keeps the total voltage at a constant level there will excist deviations between the individual cells. As a consequence of this the Swedish Union of Electricity Boards gives recommendations for tolerable cell voltage deviation within and after the warranty period. Some results of a long time (1976-1981) laboratory test of low-antimonic cells are reported. Late 1981 a series of measurements were performed on a great number of relative new batteries belonging to the Norwegian Telecommunication Administration. These measurements had to be performed with the batteries at normal working conditions. Consequently an automatic measuring technique with a statistical approach had to be used. During the last months of 1986 the measurements of the most interesting batteries were repeated, and capacity-tests on some of the cells were made. This paper presents the measuring method which had to be used due to the pulsating load of the batteries, and gives the results of the two series of measurements. The results are evaluated and some conclusions are drawn.
{"title":"Quality of Low-Antimonic Lead Batteries","authors":"S. Bråten, H. Raphael, B. Aspmo","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794627","url":null,"abstract":"Research and experience have shown that cell voltage plays a significant role for the service lifetime of constantly charged high-antimonic lead batteries. It is generally believed that this also occures for newer types low-antimonic lead batteries. Since a battery charger keeps the total voltage at a constant level there will excist deviations between the individual cells. As a consequence of this the Swedish Union of Electricity Boards gives recommendations for tolerable cell voltage deviation within and after the warranty period. Some results of a long time (1976-1981) laboratory test of low-antimonic cells are reported. Late 1981 a series of measurements were performed on a great number of relative new batteries belonging to the Norwegian Telecommunication Administration. These measurements had to be performed with the batteries at normal working conditions. Consequently an automatic measuring technique with a statistical approach had to be used. During the last months of 1986 the measurements of the most interesting batteries were repeated, and capacity-tests on some of the cells were made. This paper presents the measuring method which had to be used due to the pulsating load of the batteries, and gives the results of the two series of measurements. The results are evaluated and some conclusions are drawn.","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115653760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794568
A. Andersson, Lars Riback
The ever increasing complexity of electronic systems together with higher requirements on availability is continuously increasing the interest in redundant power supplies. This paper will describe the system design considerations for a Modular Multiple Output Redundant SMPS System.
{"title":"A Modular Redundant SMPS System Easy to Expand and Service","authors":"A. Andersson, Lars Riback","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794568","url":null,"abstract":"The ever increasing complexity of electronic systems together with higher requirements on availability is continuously increasing the interest in redundant power supplies. This paper will describe the system design considerations for a Modular Multiple Output Redundant SMPS System.","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115166906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794578
H. Gaul, S. Lingaya, H. Mickal
A description is given of a monitoring and diagnostics system for UPS systems. The process data of the individual units are acquired and condensed by local computers. These data are transmitted via a serial bus to a central PC which displays them in the form of a block diagram and, in the event of a fault, analyses the cause of the trouble.
{"title":"Monitoring and diagnostics for UPS systems","authors":"H. Gaul, S. Lingaya, H. Mickal","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794578","url":null,"abstract":"A description is given of a monitoring and diagnostics system for UPS systems. The process data of the individual units are acquired and condensed by local computers. These data are transmitted via a serial bus to a central PC which displays them in the form of a block diagram and, in the event of a fault, analyses the cause of the trouble.","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125729336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794618
A. Malhammar
Natural convection cooling is widely used for temperature control in electronic equipment. The amount of heat that can be removed is determined by three factors: the temperature difference, the cooling area and the heat transfer coefficient. Heat transfer calculations for idealized cases are relatively easy and the results of these often give a good lead for the mechanical design of electronic equipment. As it is a general desire to keep the volume of an equipment at a minimum, one of the most important aims is to maximize the heat dissipation in a volume for a given temperature difference. The optimum spacing for PCB:s in cabinets cooled by natural convection will depend on the pattern of air flow through the cabinet. The air flow pattern is also very important for the possibilities to improve heat dissipation with component coolers. The optimum fin spacing for component coolers used with natural convection will vary with many factors but is generally between 5-15 mm.
{"title":"Optimum Sized Air Channels for Natural Convection Cooling","authors":"A. Malhammar","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794618","url":null,"abstract":"Natural convection cooling is widely used for temperature control in electronic equipment. The amount of heat that can be removed is determined by three factors: the temperature difference, the cooling area and the heat transfer coefficient. Heat transfer calculations for idealized cases are relatively easy and the results of these often give a good lead for the mechanical design of electronic equipment. As it is a general desire to keep the volume of an equipment at a minimum, one of the most important aims is to maximize the heat dissipation in a volume for a given temperature difference. The optimum spacing for PCB:s in cabinets cooled by natural convection will depend on the pattern of air flow through the cabinet. The air flow pattern is also very important for the possibilities to improve heat dissipation with component coolers. The optimum fin spacing for component coolers used with natural convection will vary with many factors but is generally between 5-15 mm.","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124393563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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