Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794558
K. Kuwabara, E. Miyachika
This paper describes a new forward DC-DC converter that regulates the output voltage for a very wide range of input voltages. In a forward converter, the voltage across the transistor switch (Tr) is the sun of the input voltage and transformer clamp voltage, and the voltage across the rectifier diode (Dr) is proportional to the transformer clamp voltage. In a conventional converter, the transformer is clamped by the input or output voltage, thus it is difficult to operate across a very wide input range, because the voltage across Tr and Dr may exceed their rated voltages. In order to reduce these voltage on the switching elements, a transformer clamp voltage control method is used. In this converter, the voltage accross Tr is constant and that across Dr is inversely proportional to the input voltage.
{"title":"A Very Wide Input Range DC-DC Converter","authors":"K. Kuwabara, E. Miyachika","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794558","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a new forward DC-DC converter that regulates the output voltage for a very wide range of input voltages. In a forward converter, the voltage across the transistor switch (Tr) is the sun of the input voltage and transformer clamp voltage, and the voltage across the rectifier diode (Dr) is proportional to the transformer clamp voltage. In a conventional converter, the transformer is clamped by the input or output voltage, thus it is difficult to operate across a very wide input range, because the voltage across Tr and Dr may exceed their rated voltages. In order to reduce these voltage on the switching elements, a transformer clamp voltage control method is used. In this converter, the voltage accross Tr is constant and that across Dr is inversely proportional to the input voltage.","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132661726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794606
H. Menkes
This paper describes a basic, adaptive ac-input algorithm applied to a microprocessor-controlled parallel-processing Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) with a short battery holdover. The algorithm dynamically modifies the ac-input line switch operating-thresholds, which are based an the UPS output load current and ac-input voltage, ensuring that battery-energy is preserved for periods in whtch the UPS load requires inverter-battery source power.
{"title":"An Adaptive AC Input Monitoring Algorithm for Microprocessor Controlled Parallel Processing UPSs","authors":"H. Menkes","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794606","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a basic, adaptive ac-input algorithm applied to a microprocessor-controlled parallel-processing Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) with a short battery holdover. The algorithm dynamically modifies the ac-input line switch operating-thresholds, which are based an the UPS output load current and ac-input voltage, ensuring that battery-energy is preserved for periods in whtch the UPS load requires inverter-battery source power.","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133930662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794623
K. Boettger, Klaus Reuschel
Programmable logic control (PLC) microprocessors are designed to take the place of hard-wired relay and contactor-control assemblies. Among the multiple advantages offereo are a wider scope of task adaptation and protective devices, rapid functional testing with less instrumentation in a small space: and greater reliability and endurance following therefrom. These merits can of course be put tc good use in the telecommunicatior supply sector; this has already been realised by the German Federal Post authorities. The necessary multicontrol functions are here represented by a schematic hardware layout, and a simplified flowchart of operational states. These introduce the requisite tasks of process control, and the programmable logic exercised by the central microprocessor. Operating experiences made in talcom power supply, and distribution engineering, are outlined.
{"title":"Telecommunication Power Supply with Programmable Logic Control","authors":"K. Boettger, Klaus Reuschel","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794623","url":null,"abstract":"Programmable logic control (PLC) microprocessors are designed to take the place of hard-wired relay and contactor-control assemblies. Among the multiple advantages offereo are a wider scope of task adaptation and protective devices, rapid functional testing with less instrumentation in a small space: and greater reliability and endurance following therefrom. These merits can of course be put tc good use in the telecommunicatior supply sector; this has already been realised by the German Federal Post authorities. The necessary multicontrol functions are here represented by a schematic hardware layout, and a simplified flowchart of operational states. These introduce the requisite tasks of process control, and the programmable logic exercised by the central microprocessor. Operating experiences made in talcom power supply, and distribution engineering, are outlined.","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114663232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794566
J. Leblanc, D. Marquet, G. Gatine
After a general presentation of a new kind of supply systems for telecommunication exchange developped from the A.C. source to DC outputs ; we give an overview of one of its most important subset: the decentralized DC rack ; it will be another opportunity to emphasize concepts like : - short battery autonomy, - use of the redundancy on the exchange, - wide voltage range, - high efficiency, - modularity of batteries, rectifiers, - helps to operation through control/command unit We present also the choice of sealed batteries and the monitoring involved by this technology: - charge/discharge/floating used to increase life time, - automatic testing for the detection of shortage of autonomy. Then the following points are outlined : - the AC wiring and DC coupling of the switching rectifier, - the computer structure for control/command and maintenance functions. * GEODE : Control of the energy and optimization of the equipments.
{"title":"The Decentralized Power DC Unit in the Energy System (Geode) for Telecommunications Equipments","authors":"J. Leblanc, D. Marquet, G. Gatine","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794566","url":null,"abstract":"After a general presentation of a new kind of supply systems for telecommunication exchange developped from the A.C. source to DC outputs ; we give an overview of one of its most important subset: the decentralized DC rack ; it will be another opportunity to emphasize concepts like : - short battery autonomy, - use of the redundancy on the exchange, - wide voltage range, - high efficiency, - modularity of batteries, rectifiers, - helps to operation through control/command unit We present also the choice of sealed batteries and the monitoring involved by this technology: - charge/discharge/floating used to increase life time, - automatic testing for the detection of shortage of autonomy. Then the following points are outlined : - the AC wiring and DC coupling of the switching rectifier, - the computer structure for control/command and maintenance functions. * GEODE : Control of the energy and optimization of the equipments.","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115530263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794617
P. Schmidt
The air-conditioning of telecommunication centers is generally characterized by an all year high cooling load and by low outside air requirements. Therefore a chance would exist for the inexpensive so-called "free cooling" by use of colder outside air during most of the operating time throughout the year, if the expenditure for the then necessary humidification would not soon exceed the saved-up expenditure for cooling. This paper describes a new technical and operational concept to overcome this disadvantage of "free cooling", which allows savings of operating costs for air-conditioning up to 75%.
{"title":"Air-Conditioning in Telecom Installations with Lowest Energy Consumption","authors":"P. Schmidt","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794617","url":null,"abstract":"The air-conditioning of telecommunication centers is generally characterized by an all year high cooling load and by low outside air requirements. Therefore a chance would exist for the inexpensive so-called \"free cooling\" by use of colder outside air during most of the operating time throughout the year, if the expenditure for the then necessary humidification would not soon exceed the saved-up expenditure for cooling. This paper describes a new technical and operational concept to overcome this disadvantage of \"free cooling\", which allows savings of operating costs for air-conditioning up to 75%.","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123137141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794560
S. Mori, G. Majumdar, Yasuo Kamitani, H. Iwamoto
A new 100A, 500V n-channel enhancement mode power MOSFET module is introduced in this paper. In the introduction an overview on the existing devices has been given. The nunerous merits of the new device are illustrated by means of various static and dynamic characteristics. The classic problem of intrinsic bipolar action, which leads to destruction of power MOSFET have been discussed. The new device has shown a very high level of ruggednes against di/dt, dv/dt stress besides low on-resistance, fast switching speed and other superior characteristics.
{"title":"A New 100A, 500V Power MOSFET Module with Un-Precedented di/dt, dv/dt Endurance","authors":"S. Mori, G. Majumdar, Yasuo Kamitani, H. Iwamoto","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794560","url":null,"abstract":"A new 100A, 500V n-channel enhancement mode power MOSFET module is introduced in this paper. In the introduction an overview on the existing devices has been given. The nunerous merits of the new device are illustrated by means of various static and dynamic characteristics. The classic problem of intrinsic bipolar action, which leads to destruction of power MOSFET have been discussed. The new device has shown a very high level of ruggednes against di/dt, dv/dt stress besides low on-resistance, fast switching speed and other superior characteristics.","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123372077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794526
G. Lindberg
{"title":"Development in the Optronics and Interface with Power Techniques","authors":"G. Lindberg","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794526","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126376853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794549
G. Andersen, S. Rathmann
{"title":"Future Powersupplies having Built-In Battery Back Up","authors":"G. Andersen, S. Rathmann","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794549","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130316056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794541
F. Vaccaro, P. Casson
In many standby applications, the battery technology of choice is lead acid. Where the application is critical the state of health of the battery is a primary concern. A simple evaluaton technique for determining the battery's performance would be highly desirable. Described are measurements of battery impedance made on a sealed lead acid battery of a particular type. At least one important failure mechanism, dryout, is usefully presaged by an increase in impedance of sealed lead acid batteries. The impedance rise, which is observed to be log-linear with time on float, is accompanied by a linear loss of cell weight due to water loss. The results suggest that battery impedance may provide a useful diagnostic for sealed lead acid batteries if simple calibration experiments are performed on cells of the type to be monitored.
{"title":"Internal Resistance: Harbinger of Capacity Loss in Starved Electrolyte Sealed Lead Acid Batteries","authors":"F. Vaccaro, P. Casson","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794541","url":null,"abstract":"In many standby applications, the battery technology of choice is lead acid. Where the application is critical the state of health of the battery is a primary concern. A simple evaluaton technique for determining the battery's performance would be highly desirable. Described are measurements of battery impedance made on a sealed lead acid battery of a particular type. At least one important failure mechanism, dryout, is usefully presaged by an increase in impedance of sealed lead acid batteries. The impedance rise, which is observed to be log-linear with time on float, is accompanied by a linear loss of cell weight due to water loss. The results suggest that battery impedance may provide a useful diagnostic for sealed lead acid batteries if simple calibration experiments are performed on cells of the type to be monitored.","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131223298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794613
J. McKay
In small unattended outside plant telephone equipment buildings, considerable energy may be expended to operate the air conditioner and/or heater that prevents indoor temperature and relative humidity from exceeding specified limits. An important factor in determining how much energy is used is the amount of insulation in the walls and roof. At high internal heat loads (≫20 W/ft2), which are fairly common in such buildings, theoretical models have indicated that the use of any insulation could actually increase annual energy consumption. This is because the heat cannot easily escape by conduction through the surface during the many hours of moderate outdoor temperature and low solar radiation. The insulation is only beneficial during periods of extreme outdoor temperature and solar radiation. To check the effect of insulation on energy usage in a real building, a series of tests was conducted during 1985 and 1986 on a small, 225-ft2 steel frame building located at Chester, NJ. Initial tests were conducted with no insulation in the walls or roof. Test runs were conducted at several internal heat levels (0, 8, 22, and 33 W/ft2), and six combinations of indoor temperature (68, 80, and 85°F cooling, 50 and 65°F heating). Each test lasted one week with two scans per hour to ensure a good range of outdoor temperature and solar radiation. Later, normal insulation (i.e., 2-inch thick polyurethane, R-16) was added and the test series repeated.
{"title":"The Effect of Wall and Roof Insulation on Energy Consumption for Environmental Control in a Small, 225-Square Foot Outside Plant Building","authors":"J. McKay","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794613","url":null,"abstract":"In small unattended outside plant telephone equipment buildings, considerable energy may be expended to operate the air conditioner and/or heater that prevents indoor temperature and relative humidity from exceeding specified limits. An important factor in determining how much energy is used is the amount of insulation in the walls and roof. At high internal heat loads (≫20 W/ft2), which are fairly common in such buildings, theoretical models have indicated that the use of any insulation could actually increase annual energy consumption. This is because the heat cannot easily escape by conduction through the surface during the many hours of moderate outdoor temperature and low solar radiation. The insulation is only beneficial during periods of extreme outdoor temperature and solar radiation. To check the effect of insulation on energy usage in a real building, a series of tests was conducted during 1985 and 1986 on a small, 225-ft2 steel frame building located at Chester, NJ. Initial tests were conducted with no insulation in the walls or roof. Test runs were conducted at several internal heat levels (0, 8, 22, and 33 W/ft2), and six combinations of indoor temperature (68, 80, and 85°F cooling, 50 and 65°F heating). Each test lasted one week with two scans per hour to ensure a good range of outdoor temperature and solar radiation. Later, normal insulation (i.e., 2-inch thick polyurethane, R-16) was added and the test series repeated.","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132735968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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