Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794628
M. Grossoni, G. Clerici
PUOPOSE OF THESE NOTE IS TO SUMMARIZE A MORE OR LESS DECENNIAL EXPERIENCE ON BATTERIES WITH CHARACTERISTICS OF MAINTENANCE FREEDOM FOR SOME ITALIAN TELECOMM;UNICATION SYSTEM. WE THINK THAT THE GREAT DIFFEI1ENCE OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS FROM ALPINE WINTER AT -30OC, TO SICILIAN SUMMER WITH CONTAINERS REACHING 50C CAN GIVE A RATHER INTERESTING TOUCH TO THIS MATTER EXTENSIVELY REPORTED DURING INTELEC MEETINGS IN LAST FIVE YEARS.
{"title":"Experience and Considerations on MF Batteries in Italian Telecommunication Systems","authors":"M. Grossoni, G. Clerici","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794628","url":null,"abstract":"PUOPOSE OF THESE NOTE IS TO SUMMARIZE A MORE OR LESS DECENNIAL EXPERIENCE ON BATTERIES WITH CHARACTERISTICS OF MAINTENANCE FREEDOM FOR SOME ITALIAN TELECOMM;UNICATION SYSTEM. WE THINK THAT THE GREAT DIFFEI1ENCE OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS FROM ALPINE WINTER AT -30OC, TO SICILIAN SUMMER WITH CONTAINERS REACHING 50C CAN GIVE A RATHER INTERESTING TOUCH TO THIS MATTER EXTENSIVELY REPORTED DURING INTELEC MEETINGS IN LAST FIVE YEARS.","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121956440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794605
A. Skjellnes
The different blocks (rectifier, inverter, static bypass switch) in the three phase UPS model B312 are briefly discussed. The input characteristics of the commonly used diode/capacitor rectifier are discussed by analysing the input current waveform with and without a small inductor in the circuit. The source impedance influence on the total performance is stressed separately. In a three phase system with this type of rectifiers connected between each phase and the neutral, the phase current will be added up, not cancelled out, in the Neutral. In the last part of the paper, the input/output current waveforms in a Y/D/Y connected transformer, supplying rectifier load, is shown, and RMS, average and harmonics in the input and output current are calculated. It is shown that with this type of load, the transformer output kVA load will be about 30 % higher than the kVA supplied to the input. The closed loop control block diagram of the B312 inverter is presented, showing the common (dc) slow regulator controlling three individual (ac) fast regulator loops.
{"title":"A UPS with Inverter Specially Designed for Non Linear Load","authors":"A. Skjellnes","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794605","url":null,"abstract":"The different blocks (rectifier, inverter, static bypass switch) in the three phase UPS model B312 are briefly discussed. The input characteristics of the commonly used diode/capacitor rectifier are discussed by analysing the input current waveform with and without a small inductor in the circuit. The source impedance influence on the total performance is stressed separately. In a three phase system with this type of rectifiers connected between each phase and the neutral, the phase current will be added up, not cancelled out, in the Neutral. In the last part of the paper, the input/output current waveforms in a Y/D/Y connected transformer, supplying rectifier load, is shown, and RMS, average and harmonics in the input and output current are calculated. It is shown that with this type of load, the transformer output kVA load will be about 30 % higher than the kVA supplied to the input. The closed loop control block diagram of the B312 inverter is presented, showing the common (dc) slow regulator controlling three individual (ac) fast regulator loops.","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121500472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794524
K. Harada
Size reduction of the dc-to-dc converter is most important issue in the switch-mode power supply. This paper presents general technologies and trends of high frequency switching of the dc-to-dc converter for the size reduction. Especially we discuss the problems of the magnetic amplifier as a highly reliable PWM element, when increasing the switching frequency. Then we describe the techniques of resonant converters and a novel method of regulating its output voltage with switching frequency constant.
{"title":"Trends in Switch-Mode Power Supplies","authors":"K. Harada","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794524","url":null,"abstract":"Size reduction of the dc-to-dc converter is most important issue in the switch-mode power supply. This paper presents general technologies and trends of high frequency switching of the dc-to-dc converter for the size reduction. Especially we discuss the problems of the magnetic amplifier as a highly reliable PWM element, when increasing the switching frequency. Then we describe the techniques of resonant converters and a novel method of regulating its output voltage with switching frequency constant.","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128350641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794637
K. Muller
An increasing variety of UPS allowing of various configurations and connections are being offered on the market. The main reason for installing UPS is to ensure reliability of supply and it is therefore necessary to judge and compare the reliability of various configurations. This paper defines the basic UPS configurations and develops expressions for the resultant system reliability. We consider only systems where the load is supplied from a busbar (Fig. la). It is of course possible to obtain the required reliability with configurations like Figure lb, but these are outside the scope of this paper, as are systems like the "triport".
{"title":"Reliability of UPS Configurations","authors":"K. Muller","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794637","url":null,"abstract":"An increasing variety of UPS allowing of various configurations and connections are being offered on the market. The main reason for installing UPS is to ensure reliability of supply and it is therefore necessary to judge and compare the reliability of various configurations. This paper defines the basic UPS configurations and develops expressions for the resultant system reliability. We consider only systems where the load is supplied from a busbar (Fig. la). It is of course possible to obtain the required reliability with configurations like Figure lb, but these are outside the scope of this paper, as are systems like the \"triport\".","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122307556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794555
Y. Kuwata, Y. Ohashi, K. Yotsumoto
Conventional series-resonant converters suffer from wide variations in conversion frequency during constant voltage regulation, resulting in audible noise under light-load conditions. A new series-resonant converter has been developed in order to eliminate this problem. The converter uses a parallel resonant circuit with a resonant frequency of over 20 kHz installed in series with the load circuit. The output voltage is thus regulated by varying the conversion frequency in a higher area than that of a conventional series-resonant converter. An efficient, lightweight small-sized rectifier is developed using this new series-resonant converter. The rectifier unit can convert 200-volt AC to 48-volt DC and is capable of supplying an output current of 30 amps. Efficiency for 50 to 100% output current is 92%. The new rectifier is also free from any audible noise.
{"title":"Characteristics of a New Series-Resonant Converter with a Parallel Resonant Circuit","authors":"Y. Kuwata, Y. Ohashi, K. Yotsumoto","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794555","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional series-resonant converters suffer from wide variations in conversion frequency during constant voltage regulation, resulting in audible noise under light-load conditions. A new series-resonant converter has been developed in order to eliminate this problem. The converter uses a parallel resonant circuit with a resonant frequency of over 20 kHz installed in series with the load circuit. The output voltage is thus regulated by varying the conversion frequency in a higher area than that of a conventional series-resonant converter. An efficient, lightweight small-sized rectifier is developed using this new series-resonant converter. The rectifier unit can convert 200-volt AC to 48-volt DC and is capable of supplying an output current of 30 amps. Efficiency for 50 to 100% output current is 92%. The new rectifier is also free from any audible noise.","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"421 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120882170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794599
T. Rogne, Arne Steinbakk
A two-transistor flyback-converter, originally built to be used as a measure object for measuring electromagnetic interference is thoroughly analyzed by using the circuit analysis programme KREAN. the flyback converter is operated in current-mode using the switchmode control-IC UC3842. Input voltage is 230 V mains. The output is on multiple windings with a total power of 260 W. The analysis is split into 3 major sections: 1. Regulator parameters. One of two secondary windings is regulated in a PI voltage regulator loop, with an inner current loop controling the (primary) transistor-current. The secondary windings are simulated with different leakage inductances. The unregulated output voltage is studied with low and high load, with fixed load at the regulated voltage. 2. Switchinq behaviour. The converter is simulated with leakage inductance in both primary and secondary windings of the transformer, and in the paths of the freewheeling diodes. Parasitic capacitances are included across the primary and secondary windings of the transformer and across drain-source of the transistors. 3. EMI-line-filter. Two major sources of EMI are simulated and Fourier transformed to find the expected conducted noise levels from the converter with and without the EMI line filter. The results are compared to measurements on the actual converter, and show acceptable accuracy.
{"title":"Computer Aided Analysis of a Multi-Winging Flyback Converter Including the EMI Line Filter","authors":"T. Rogne, Arne Steinbakk","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794599","url":null,"abstract":"A two-transistor flyback-converter, originally built to be used as a measure object for measuring electromagnetic interference is thoroughly analyzed by using the circuit analysis programme KREAN. the flyback converter is operated in current-mode using the switchmode control-IC UC3842. Input voltage is 230 V mains. The output is on multiple windings with a total power of 260 W. The analysis is split into 3 major sections: 1. Regulator parameters. One of two secondary windings is regulated in a PI voltage regulator loop, with an inner current loop controling the (primary) transistor-current. The secondary windings are simulated with different leakage inductances. The unregulated output voltage is studied with low and high load, with fixed load at the regulated voltage. 2. Switchinq behaviour. The converter is simulated with leakage inductance in both primary and secondary windings of the transformer, and in the paths of the freewheeling diodes. Parasitic capacitances are included across the primary and secondary windings of the transformer and across drain-source of the transistors. 3. EMI-line-filter. Two major sources of EMI are simulated and Fourier transformed to find the expected conducted noise levels from the converter with and without the EMI line filter. The results are compared to measurements on the actual converter, and show acceptable accuracy.","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131661612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794572
M. Aubree
{"title":"The Photovoltaic Power, an Attractive Solution for the Small Rural Telecom Systems in France","authors":"M. Aubree","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794572","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130988329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794530
Slobodan Cuk
Relative merits of the conventional low-pass power filtering methods in switched-mode power conversion are compared against the integrated magnetics technique. Both theoretical results and several practical design examples clearly illustrate that low profile, high power density switching dc-to-dc converters (in excess of 20W/cubic inch) for telecommunication applications are possible even employing moderate switching frequencies in 500kHz range provided an integrated magnetics technique is implemented.
{"title":"Integrated Magnetics versus Conventional Power Filtering","authors":"Slobodan Cuk","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794530","url":null,"abstract":"Relative merits of the conventional low-pass power filtering methods in switched-mode power conversion are compared against the integrated magnetics technique. Both theoretical results and several practical design examples clearly illustrate that low profile, high power density switching dc-to-dc converters (in excess of 20W/cubic inch) for telecommunication applications are possible even employing moderate switching frequencies in 500kHz range provided an integrated magnetics technique is implemented.","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133430545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794562
I. Franzen
Because of the environmental requirements placed on traditional batteries and the noise emanating from the power equipment, power supply units have always been located separately from the telephony equipment they serve. New technology in power components and batteries has made it possible to install the power in the same room as the telephony equipment. This paper will deal with the gains obtained by moving the power into the telephony room. It will also deal with some alternative system solutions and how Ericsson Power Systems has decided to implement its alternative.
{"title":"Moving the Power Equipment into the Switching Room","authors":"I. Franzen","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794562","url":null,"abstract":"Because of the environmental requirements placed on traditional batteries and the noise emanating from the power equipment, power supply units have always been located separately from the telephony equipment they serve. New technology in power components and batteries has made it possible to install the power in the same room as the telephony equipment. This paper will deal with the gains obtained by moving the power into the telephony room. It will also deal with some alternative system solutions and how Ericsson Power Systems has decided to implement its alternative.","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114607559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-14DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794621
T.G. Skaslien
This paper describes a DC power supply consisting of a number of parallel operating charging rectifier units operating on a common battery bank. This system is developed for and in cooperation with The Norwegian Telecommunications Administration. A control system takes care of the load sharing independant of the number of charging rectifier units in parallel. A monitoring system can take care of units out of tolerance. Units can be connected to provide a minimum of harmonic distortion back on the power sources, and thus be attractive on places with weak mains power supply. In telecommunication stations the power consumption totally needed has an increasing trend. Stations with a certain importance are equipped with diesel generator sets for emergency supply to the battery chargers. A simple current limiting system is able to reduce the power consumption from the chargers when supplied from small generator sets. The system can reduce the need of peak power without reducing the redundancy mostly built into the battery charger systems. Efficiency curves for different operation modes of parallel operating units will be shown.
{"title":"A DC Power Supply System for Small Telecommunication Stations","authors":"T.G. Skaslien","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1987.4794621","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a DC power supply consisting of a number of parallel operating charging rectifier units operating on a common battery bank. This system is developed for and in cooperation with The Norwegian Telecommunications Administration. A control system takes care of the load sharing independant of the number of charging rectifier units in parallel. A monitoring system can take care of units out of tolerance. Units can be connected to provide a minimum of harmonic distortion back on the power sources, and thus be attractive on places with weak mains power supply. In telecommunication stations the power consumption totally needed has an increasing trend. Stations with a certain importance are equipped with diesel generator sets for emergency supply to the battery chargers. A simple current limiting system is able to reduce the power consumption from the chargers when supplied from small generator sets. The system can reduce the need of peak power without reducing the redundancy mostly built into the battery charger systems. Efficiency curves for different operation modes of parallel operating units will be shown.","PeriodicalId":129305,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC '87 - The Ninth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134214462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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