Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.2.06
D. Kiryanov, М.Yu. Tsinker, D. R. Khismatullin
The article addresses development of methodical approaches to calculating levels of health disorders caused by short-term exposure to ambient air pollution. We have established and parameterized relationships relevant for quantification of probable health outcomes as responses to elevated levels of chemicals in ambient air higher than their reference ones. These relationships were modeled using system analysis techniques and were based on dynamic data series on ambient air quality at the control points and the number of applications for medical aid in settlements with their overall population being more than 5 million people. We have formalized relationships that describe how intensively acute health disorders develop under short-term exposure to chemical levels in ambient air being higher than the reference ones that are identified at the control points. The resulting models rely on official data and can be used to predict and assess public health risks in any area where ambient air quality is monitored. The formalized relationships were tested within identifying levels of incidence associated with acute short-term exposure to ambient air pollution in a large industrial center. It was established that, according to data collected in 2020, the highest associated incidence was caused by exposure to benzene (on average 0.364 mg/m3 higher than the reference level) in ambient air and was detected as per such nosologies as ‘Allergic rhinitis unspecified’ and ‘Predominantly allergic asthma’. We are planning to use the results obtained at this stage in the research in further development of methodical approaches to assessing and predicting chemical health risks in areas influenced by hazardous chemical objects under short-term exposure to high levels of pollutants.
{"title":"Calculating the number of disease cases associated with acute short-term exposure to harmful chemicals in ambient air","authors":"D. Kiryanov, М.Yu. Tsinker, D. R. Khismatullin","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"The article addresses development of methodical approaches to calculating levels of health disorders caused by short-term exposure to ambient air pollution. We have established and parameterized relationships relevant for quantification of probable health outcomes as responses to elevated levels of chemicals in ambient air higher than their reference ones. These relationships were modeled using system analysis techniques and were based on dynamic data series on ambient air quality at the control points and the number of applications for medical aid in settlements with their overall population being more than 5 million people. We have formalized relationships that describe how intensively acute health disorders develop under short-term exposure to chemical levels in ambient air being higher than the reference ones that are identified at the control points. The resulting models rely on official data and can be used to predict and assess public health risks in any area where ambient air quality is monitored. The formalized relationships were tested within identifying levels of incidence associated with acute short-term exposure to ambient air pollution in a large industrial center. It was established that, according to data collected in 2020, the highest associated incidence was caused by exposure to benzene (on average 0.364 mg/m3 higher than the reference level) in ambient air and was detected as per such nosologies as ‘Allergic rhinitis unspecified’ and ‘Predominantly allergic asthma’. We are planning to use the results obtained at this stage in the research in further development of methodical approaches to assessing and predicting chemical health risks in areas influenced by hazardous chemical objects under short-term exposure to high levels of pollutants.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41944922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.2.10.eng
N. I. Shulakova, A. V. Tutelyan, V. Maleev, V. Akimkin
At present, a major challenge in research that addresses risks of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) is the lack of methodological and theoretical studies generalizing the available knowledge in the sphere whereas applied works are plentiful. In recent years, methods of influence on the epidemic process of HAIs have been reassessed and some experts believe transition to the risk-based approach to be quite promising in this respect. This approach makes it possible to take timely measures aimed at reducing risks of such infections in advance. Since the risk-based approach within epidemiological safety is only starting to be integrated into the whole system of healthcare safety, development and specification of its individual components seems to be a promising trend in healthcare support. The key role in creating an effective system for control and surveillance over hospital-acquired infections belongs to activities related to development of scientific approaches to systematizing and unifying indicators that describe the subject area of HAIs risks in healthcare organizations of various profiles; improvement of the methodology for analyzing HAIs risks, the risk-based approach and risk management technologies within surveillance over such infections; optimization of science-based approaches to decision-making that relies on the risk-based approach and HAIs risk management technologies; development of methodical guidelines on monitoring, assessment, and prediction of HAIs risks in healthcare organizations of various profiles.
{"title":"Risks of HAIs: problems and pitfalls","authors":"N. I. Shulakova, A. V. Tutelyan, V. Maleev, V. Akimkin","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.2.10.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.2.10.eng","url":null,"abstract":"At present, a major challenge in research that addresses risks of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) is the lack of methodological and theoretical studies generalizing the available knowledge in the sphere whereas applied works are plentiful. In recent years, methods of influence on the epidemic process of HAIs have been reassessed and some experts believe transition to the risk-based approach to be quite promising in this respect. This approach makes it possible to take timely measures aimed at reducing risks of such infections in advance. Since the risk-based approach within epidemiological safety is only starting to be integrated into the whole system of healthcare safety, development and specification of its individual components seems to be a promising trend in healthcare support. The key role in creating an effective system for control and surveillance over hospital-acquired infections belongs to activities related to development of scientific approaches to systematizing and unifying indicators that describe the subject area of HAIs risks in healthcare organizations of various profiles; improvement of the methodology for analyzing HAIs risks, the risk-based approach and risk management technologies within surveillance over such infections; optimization of science-based approaches to decision-making that relies on the risk-based approach and HAIs risk management technologies; development of methodical guidelines on monitoring, assessment, and prediction of HAIs risks in healthcare organizations of various profiles.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41555931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.2.08.eng
D. V. Goryaev, А.G. Fadeev, P. Shur, V. Fokin, N. Zaitseva
The development of the Arctic zone as a strategic resource base and its rational use aimed at the economic growth acceleration is a key interest of the Russian Federation in this region. The occupational environment in mining industry is associated with unique working conditions. Underground mining makes workers’ health protection the most significant task. The aim of this study was to perform hygienic assessment of working conditions, occupational incidence and occupational health risks for workers employed in mining industry in the Arctic zone of the Norilsk industrial area. Occupational health risks were assessed using indicators outlined in the Guide R 2.2.2006-05 The Guide on Hygienic Assessment of Factors Related to Working Environment and Work Process. Exposure to occupational noise and considerable work hardness are priority factors in the analyzed industry that cause occupational diseases. Occupational diseases among workers employed in mining industry in the Norilsk industrial area belonged to six nosologies. Vibration disease, stages 1 and 2, makes the greatest contribution to the overall structure of occupational incidence since it accounts for 68.6 % in it. The second place belongs to two-sided sensorineural hearing loss, stages 1 and 2, 13.5 %. Radiculopathy occupies the third rank place accounting for 10.9 %. Unacceptable occupational health risks were identified at 76.8 % of workplaces. A high share of workplaces with unacceptable occupational health risks leads to high occupational incidence among mining workers in the Norilsk industrial area, its levels being higher than the national average.
{"title":"Hygienic assessment of working conditions and occupational incidence among mining workers in the Arctic zone of the Norilsk industrial area","authors":"D. V. Goryaev, А.G. Fadeev, P. Shur, V. Fokin, N. Zaitseva","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.2.08.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.2.08.eng","url":null,"abstract":"The development of the Arctic zone as a strategic resource base and its rational use aimed at the economic growth acceleration is a key interest of the Russian Federation in this region. The occupational environment in mining industry is associated with unique working conditions. Underground mining makes workers’ health protection the most significant task. The aim of this study was to perform hygienic assessment of working conditions, occupational incidence and occupational health risks for workers employed in mining industry in the Arctic zone of the Norilsk industrial area. Occupational health risks were assessed using indicators outlined in the Guide R 2.2.2006-05 The Guide on Hygienic Assessment of Factors Related to Working Environment and Work Process. Exposure to occupational noise and considerable work hardness are priority factors in the analyzed industry that cause occupational diseases. Occupational diseases among workers employed in mining industry in the Norilsk industrial area belonged to six nosologies. Vibration disease, stages 1 and 2, makes the greatest contribution to the overall structure of occupational incidence since it accounts for 68.6 % in it. The second place belongs to two-sided sensorineural hearing loss, stages 1 and 2, 13.5 %. Radiculopathy occupies the third rank place accounting for 10.9 %. Unacceptable occupational health risks were identified at 76.8 % of workplaces. A high share of workplaces with unacceptable occupational health risks leads to high occupational incidence among mining workers in the Norilsk industrial area, its levels being higher than the national average.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42341764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.2.18.eng
N. Khorseva, P. Grigoriev
Modern telecommunication technologies rely on using radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF EMF). They have brought many useful services into our life able to solve multiple issues. However, we should bear in mind that this exposure is open, uncontrollable and permanent. Given that, it seems relevant to investigate possible negative influence exerted by RF EMF on health of children and adolescents since this population group is the most vulnerable and sensitive to any external exposure. This review analyzes Russian and foreign studies with their focus on chronic influence of RF EMF created by cellular communication means on health of children (aged 6–10 years) and adolescents (aged 11–16 years). We have established several manifestations of health disorders in children and adolescents including asthenic syndrome (headache, irritability, increased fatigue, sleeping disorders, periodical pains in the heart and joints); mental deadaptation (anxiety, stress, depression, etc.); as well as their combinations. Along with all the aforementioned syndromes, effects produced by exposure to RF EMF become apparent through some indirect signs of memory and attention failure such as forgetfulness (inability to recall the necessary information in time) and inattention (inability to concentrate on an event or activity) and even through growing frequency of respiratory diseases. Basing on the analyzed studies by Russian and foreign researchers, we can conclude that they provide solid evidence of negative influence of electromagnetic fields created by cell phones on health of children and adolescents. Therefore, implementation of modern gadgets and their active use by children and adolescents should be accompanied with assessment of actual threats posed by them, health risk assessment, and development of scientifically substantiated standards for their safe use.
{"title":"Electromagnetic fields of cellular communication as a health risk factor for children and adolescents (review)","authors":"N. Khorseva, P. Grigoriev","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.2.18.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.2.18.eng","url":null,"abstract":"Modern telecommunication technologies rely on using radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF EMF). They have brought many useful services into our life able to solve multiple issues. However, we should bear in mind that this exposure is open, uncontrollable and permanent. Given that, it seems relevant to investigate possible negative influence exerted by RF EMF on health of children and adolescents since this population group is the most vulnerable and sensitive to any external exposure. This review analyzes Russian and foreign studies with their focus on chronic influence of RF EMF created by cellular communication means on health of children (aged 6–10 years) and adolescents (aged 11–16 years). We have established several manifestations of health disorders in children and adolescents including asthenic syndrome (headache, irritability, increased fatigue, sleeping disorders, periodical pains in the heart and joints); mental deadaptation (anxiety, stress, depression, etc.); as well as their combinations. Along with all the aforementioned syndromes, effects produced by exposure to RF EMF become apparent through some indirect signs of memory and attention failure such as forgetfulness (inability to recall the necessary information in time) and inattention (inability to concentrate on an event or activity) and even through growing frequency of respiratory diseases. Basing on the analyzed studies by Russian and foreign researchers, we can conclude that they provide solid evidence of negative influence of electromagnetic fields created by cell phones on health of children and adolescents. Therefore, implementation of modern gadgets and their active use by children and adolescents should be accompanied with assessment of actual threats posed by them, health risk assessment, and development of scientifically substantiated standards for their safe use.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46083690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, Russia has seen a considerable decrease in the number of consumers of alcoholic beverages. However, mortality from alcohol-related causes is still quite high. In the context of the Concept for lowering alcohol use in the Russian Federation up to 2030, it is promising to assess the risks of alcohol involvement of Muscovites as residents of a certain metropolitan region. The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristics of alcohol intake by Moscow residents, including factors and risk groups. An empirical sociological survey (CATI, randomized sample, N = 1002) was conducted in October 2022 among adult residents of Moscow. The study has showed that 78 % of Muscovites have consumed alcohol over the past year; the rate of heavy drinking is 14 % among male drinkers and 7 % among female drinkers, which is consistent with data from previous studies conducted on a nationwide sample. Also, 16 % of Muscovites note that they have consumed homemade alcohol over the past month, which means that they represent a potential risk group for poisoning. The study identified the structure of alcohol consumption, which served as the foundation for consumer classification: “bar type” (24 %), “homemade alcohol of various strengths” (21 %), “strong alcohol and homemade wine” (20 %), “wine” (18 %), "only vodka" (17 %). Alcohol abuse is uncommon among young individuals. Involvement in drinking alcohol is frequently influenced by relatives (including parents), colleagues and friends, highlighting the need to address alcoholism's social components. Respondents evaluate the current anti-alcohol measures in Moscow rather positively.
{"title":"Alcohol consumption in a Russian metropolis: factors and risk groups","authors":"I.V. Bogdan, M.D. Gornostalev, V.A. Kuzmenkov, T.A. Potyaeva, D.P. Chistyakova","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.2.03.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.2.03.eng","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, Russia has seen a considerable decrease in the number of consumers of alcoholic beverages. However, mortality from alcohol-related causes is still quite high. In the context of the Concept for lowering alcohol use in the Russian Federation up to 2030, it is promising to assess the risks of alcohol involvement of Muscovites as residents of a certain metropolitan region. The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristics of alcohol intake by Moscow residents, including factors and risk groups. An empirical sociological survey (CATI, randomized sample, N = 1002) was conducted in October 2022 among adult residents of Moscow. The study has showed that 78 % of Muscovites have consumed alcohol over the past year; the rate of heavy drinking is 14 % among male drinkers and 7 % among female drinkers, which is consistent with data from previous studies conducted on a nationwide sample. Also, 16 % of Muscovites note that they have consumed homemade alcohol over the past month, which means that they represent a potential risk group for poisoning. The study identified the structure of alcohol consumption, which served as the foundation for consumer classification: “bar type” (24 %), “homemade alcohol of various strengths” (21 %), “strong alcohol and homemade wine” (20 %), “wine” (18 %), \"only vodka\" (17 %). Alcohol abuse is uncommon among young individuals. Involvement in drinking alcohol is frequently influenced by relatives (including parents), colleagues and friends, highlighting the need to address alcoholism's social components. Respondents evaluate the current anti-alcohol measures in Moscow rather positively.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136281005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.13.eng
M. Zemlyanova, N. Zaitseva, Yu. V. Koldibekova, E. V. Peskova, N. Bulatova, M. Stepankov
Changes in homeostatic balance of the body, primarily at the cellular-molecular level, are a relevant research object in fundamental and applied studies. They can be eligible indicators for predicting negative effects under exposure to chemical risk factors. The aim of this study was to substantiate markers of a transformed plasma proteomic profile in children. These markers should have prognostic value and an evidence-based association with combined aerogenic exposure to metal oxides (copper and nickel oxides used as an example). We propose an innovative methodical approach based on plasma proteomic profiling that includes the following: identification of identical proteins and genes encoding their expression; quantification of indicators within the ‘identical protein – a chemical concentration in blood’ system; prediction of negative effects as per indicators of homeostasis destabilization at the cellular-molecular level under chronic aerogenic exposure to chemicals. The proposed algorithm was tested by comparing changed proteins and peptides identified in plasma proteomic profiles of children exposed simultaneously to nickel and copper oxides in ambient air in actual conditions and small rodents under experimental combined and isolated exposure to the analyzed chemicals in levels equal to real ones. Long-term aerogenic exposure simultaneously to copper and nickel oxides was established to create elevated nickel and copper levels in blood of exposed children substantiated as markers of exposure. They were up to 2.4 times higher against the same indicators in unexposed children and reference levels as well. The results of field observations were verified by elevated levels of the same chemicals in blood under experimental modelling of an equivalent combined exposure performed on biological models. APOBEC1 complement factor (the А1CF gene) was substantiated as an identical proteomic marker based on plasma proteomic profiling in experimental and field investigations. It has an evidence-based association with markers of exposure (nickel and copper simultaneously identified in blood). Lower expression of this protein under persistent combined aerogenic exposure to nickel and copper oxides makes it possible to predict such a negative effect as modification of low density lipoproteins with further induction of atherosclerotic changes in vessels, the latter being a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases.
{"title":"Markers of combined aerogenic exposure to metal oxides and transformed plasma proteomic profiles in children","authors":"M. Zemlyanova, N. Zaitseva, Yu. V. Koldibekova, E. V. Peskova, N. Bulatova, M. Stepankov","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.13.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.13.eng","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in homeostatic balance of the body, primarily at the cellular-molecular level, are a relevant research object in fundamental and applied studies. They can be eligible indicators for predicting negative effects under exposure to chemical risk factors. The aim of this study was to substantiate markers of a transformed plasma proteomic profile in children. These markers should have prognostic value and an evidence-based association with combined aerogenic exposure to metal oxides (copper and nickel oxides used as an example). We propose an innovative methodical approach based on plasma proteomic profiling that includes the following: identification of identical proteins and genes encoding their expression; quantification of indicators within the ‘identical protein – a chemical concentration in blood’ system; prediction of negative effects as per indicators of homeostasis destabilization at the cellular-molecular level under chronic aerogenic exposure to chemicals. The proposed algorithm was tested by comparing changed proteins and peptides identified in plasma proteomic profiles of children exposed simultaneously to nickel and copper oxides in ambient air in actual conditions and small rodents under experimental combined and isolated exposure to the analyzed chemicals in levels equal to real ones. Long-term aerogenic exposure simultaneously to copper and nickel oxides was established to create elevated nickel and copper levels in blood of exposed children substantiated as markers of exposure. They were up to 2.4 times higher against the same indicators in unexposed children and reference levels as well. The results of field observations were verified by elevated levels of the same chemicals in blood under experimental modelling of an equivalent combined exposure performed on biological models. APOBEC1 complement factor (the А1CF gene) was substantiated as an identical proteomic marker based on plasma proteomic profiling in experimental and field investigations. It has an evidence-based association with markers of exposure (nickel and copper simultaneously identified in blood). Lower expression of this protein under persistent combined aerogenic exposure to nickel and copper oxides makes it possible to predict such a negative effect as modification of low density lipoproteins with further induction of atherosclerotic changes in vessels, the latter being a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47627397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.14.eng
Y. Ryabova, М.P. Sutunkova, А.I. Chemezov, I. Minigalieva, Т.V. Bushueva, I. G. Shelomentsev, S. Klinova, R. R. Sakhautdinova
Copper smelters are the sources of emission of complex aerosols containing, inter alia, selenium-containing nanoparticles (NPs). It is very difficult to adequately estimate the hazard posed by such particles since available data on them are scarce and have been obtained in comparatively few experimental studies with rather contradicting results. The aim of our study was to determine toxic health effects of selenium-containing nanoparticles more precisely with a focus on liver as a target organ. Liver toxicity following exposure to suspended selenium oxide nanoparticles was investigated in a sub-chronic experiment on outbred male albino rats. The suspension was prepared by laser ablation of 99%-pure selenium plates. We examined ultrastructural changes by electron microscopy, did cytological and histological analyses of the liver, biochemical blood testing and metabolomic blood screening. We observed lesions in the liver and inhibited secretory functions at various levels, from molecular to organismic, in the exposed animals. The microscopic examination showed that the number of normal and normal-vesicular mitochondria in liver cells went down by 7.78 %, p < 0.05; the metabolomic screening established lower levels of glycocholic acid in blood serum, р < 0.001; levels of alanine aminotransferase in blood serum grew by 30 %, p < 0.05; the number of acaryotic hepatocytes demonstrated a 3.1-fold increase, p < 0.05, according to the results of histological assessment of liver specimens. The touch smears of the liver examined showed a 2.2-fold increase in the number of degenerated hepatocytes (p < 0.05). These experimental data can be used to estimate a potential hazard of selenium-containing nanoparticles within social-hygienic monitoring and biomedical predictions of health damage caused by exposure to such NPs. Altered levels of lysophos-phatidylinositol can be a marker of exposure to the examined NPs and necessitate the search for early diagnostic predictors of associated health disorders.
{"title":"Effects of selenium oxide nanoparticles on the morphofunctional state of the liver: Experimental data","authors":"Y. Ryabova, М.P. Sutunkova, А.I. Chemezov, I. Minigalieva, Т.V. Bushueva, I. G. Shelomentsev, S. Klinova, R. R. Sakhautdinova","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.14.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.14.eng","url":null,"abstract":"Copper smelters are the sources of emission of complex aerosols containing, inter alia, selenium-containing nanoparticles (NPs). It is very difficult to adequately estimate the hazard posed by such particles since available data on them are scarce and have been obtained in comparatively few experimental studies with rather contradicting results. The aim of our study was to determine toxic health effects of selenium-containing nanoparticles more precisely with a focus on liver as a target organ. Liver toxicity following exposure to suspended selenium oxide nanoparticles was investigated in a sub-chronic experiment on outbred male albino rats. The suspension was prepared by laser ablation of 99%-pure selenium plates. We examined ultrastructural changes by electron microscopy, did cytological and histological analyses of the liver, biochemical blood testing and metabolomic blood screening. We observed lesions in the liver and inhibited secretory functions at various levels, from molecular to organismic, in the exposed animals. The microscopic examination showed that the number of normal and normal-vesicular mitochondria in liver cells went down by 7.78 %, p < 0.05; the metabolomic screening established lower levels of glycocholic acid in blood serum, р < 0.001; levels of alanine aminotransferase in blood serum grew by 30 %, p < 0.05; the number of acaryotic hepatocytes demonstrated a 3.1-fold increase, p < 0.05, according to the results of histological assessment of liver specimens. The touch smears of the liver examined showed a 2.2-fold increase in the number of degenerated hepatocytes (p < 0.05). These experimental data can be used to estimate a potential hazard of selenium-containing nanoparticles within social-hygienic monitoring and biomedical predictions of health damage caused by exposure to such NPs. Altered levels of lysophos-phatidylinositol can be a marker of exposure to the examined NPs and necessitate the search for early diagnostic predictors of associated health disorders.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47778638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.06.eng
O. G. Bogdanova, I. Tarmaeva, E. Sorokina, N. Efimova, I. Mylnikova
In this study, we aimed to estimate the association between the rs9939609 FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) polymorphism and a risk of overweight in children living in the Baikal region. We performed a case – control study that included 113 schoolchildren living in industrial centers of the Baikal region (Irkutsk, Angarsk, and Ulan-Ude). Anthropometric parameters were measured and body mass index was calculated with its values being ranked in accordance with the WHO BMI curves depending on a sex and age. Genotyping of the rs9939609 FTO polymorphism was performed by allele-specific amplification with real-time results detection. To assess likelihood of an association between the FTO gene allele and overweight and obesity, relative risk (RR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated. The assessment revealed the A allele of the rs9939609 FTO polymorphism to be by 1.29 times more frequent in the examined children with overweight and obesity (48.44 %) than in the children form the reference group (37.65 %). The FTO rs9939609 polymorphism was authentically associated with likelihood of elevated risks of overweight and obesity in children with the homozygous AA genotype (RR = 2.806, 95 % CI: 1.650–4.772; STD = 0.271). Our study confirms that the rs9939609 polymorphism of the FTO gene is a risk factor of overweight and obesity for children from the Baikal region who have the A allele of the homozygous AA genotype. Prevailing frequency of the TT genotype (29.2 %) as compared with the AA genotype (10.62) is likely due to influence of assimilation processes on urbanized territories in the Baikal region.
{"title":"Assessment of health risks caused by overweight in children depending on the FTO gene rs9939609 polymorphism","authors":"O. G. Bogdanova, I. Tarmaeva, E. Sorokina, N. Efimova, I. Mylnikova","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.06.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.06.eng","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we aimed to estimate the association between the rs9939609 FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) polymorphism and a risk of overweight in children living in the Baikal region. We performed a case – control study that included 113 schoolchildren living in industrial centers of the Baikal region (Irkutsk, Angarsk, and Ulan-Ude). Anthropometric parameters were measured and body mass index was calculated with its values being ranked in accordance with the WHO BMI curves depending on a sex and age. Genotyping of the rs9939609 FTO polymorphism was performed by allele-specific amplification with real-time results detection. To assess likelihood of an association between the FTO gene allele and overweight and obesity, relative risk (RR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated. The assessment revealed the A allele of the rs9939609 FTO polymorphism to be by 1.29 times more frequent in the examined children with overweight and obesity (48.44 %) than in the children form the reference group (37.65 %). The FTO rs9939609 polymorphism was authentically associated with likelihood of elevated risks of overweight and obesity in children with the homozygous AA genotype (RR = 2.806, 95 % CI: 1.650–4.772; STD = 0.271). Our study confirms that the rs9939609 polymorphism of the FTO gene is a risk factor of overweight and obesity for children from the Baikal region who have the A allele of the homozygous AA genotype. Prevailing frequency of the TT genotype (29.2 %) as compared with the AA genotype (10.62) is likely due to influence of assimilation processes on urbanized territories in the Baikal region.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49018542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.07
А.V. Brusentsova, D. V. Turchaninov, I. Sokhoshko, Т.А. Yunatskaya
In this study, nickel intake with foods was estimated in adults living in the Omsk region. The estimation was based on analyzing how frequently variable foods were consumed by a representative sample (n = 421, 2020). The median of average daily nickel intake with foods equaled 0.13 mg/day (0.100; 0.179). The level between 0.088 and 0.196 mg/day was suggested as a statistical standard of nickel intake with foods for adults living in Western Siberia. We did not establish any significant differences in nickel intake with foods between men and women and between all the age groups. In all the analyzed age groups, a major contribution to nickel intake with foods was made by vegetables (29.1 %), fruits (16.3 %), and drinks (16.9 %). As for specific food products, we identified several major sources of the metal including tea (20.8 %), fresh apples (13.9 %), chocolate bars and chocolate sweets (11.8 %), and fresh tomatoes (9.7 %). We established significant differences in the structure of nickel intake with foods among the analyzed population in the Omsk region and people living in the central Europe. In the Omsk region, a much greater contribution was made by plant-based foods (65.0 % in the Omsk region and 49.0 % in the central Europe) and contributions made by drinks and animal-based foods were substantially lower. These results highlight the necessity to investigate specific regional diets to identify risk groups and territories with elevated health risks. Nickel intake with foods was considered tentative optimal for the analyzed population.
{"title":"Hygienic assessment to identify absence of harm to adults in a western Siberia region when nickel is introduced with foods","authors":"А.V. Brusentsova, D. V. Turchaninov, I. Sokhoshko, Т.А. Yunatskaya","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, nickel intake with foods was estimated in adults living in the Omsk region. The estimation was based on analyzing how frequently variable foods were consumed by a representative sample (n = 421, 2020). The median of average daily nickel intake with foods equaled 0.13 mg/day (0.100; 0.179). The level between 0.088 and 0.196 mg/day was suggested as a statistical standard of nickel intake with foods for adults living in Western Siberia. We did not establish any significant differences in nickel intake with foods between men and women and between all the age groups. In all the analyzed age groups, a major contribution to nickel intake with foods was made by vegetables (29.1 %), fruits (16.3 %), and drinks (16.9 %). As for specific food products, we identified several major sources of the metal including tea (20.8 %), fresh apples (13.9 %), chocolate bars and chocolate sweets (11.8 %), and fresh tomatoes (9.7 %). We established significant differences in the structure of nickel intake with foods among the analyzed population in the Omsk region and people living in the central Europe. In the Omsk region, a much greater contribution was made by plant-based foods (65.0 % in the Omsk region and 49.0 % in the central Europe) and contributions made by drinks and animal-based foods were substantially lower. These results highlight the necessity to investigate specific regional diets to identify risk groups and territories with elevated health risks. Nickel intake with foods was considered tentative optimal for the analyzed population.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49037972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.05.eng
M. Ayzyatova, I. Aleksandrova, I. P. Lashneva, A. Kurgansky
The digital transformation of modern education contributes to the active introduction of interactive panels (IP) into the educational process, replacing traditional chalkboards. Minimizing possible risk factors when using an IP also requires considering the visual characteristics of its screen. At present, there are no results of such studies in the scientific literature. The purpose of this work was to substantiate the optimal range of IP screen brightness when it is used in the classroom to prevent general and visual fatigue of schoolchildren. We analysed research articles describing studies in visual hygiene, lighting engineering, display technologies, etc. Our study involved measuring brightness and pulsation coefficient of a working IP screen. Ranges of IP screen brightness that could produce harmful effects on children's health have been empirically established. With the help of a specially designed questionnaire, complaints of students attending the 4th grade of secondary schools were studied to identify general and visual fatigue, as well as factors caused by the IP and negatively affecting the respondents’ well-being. The relative risk values are calculated, namely a probability that these complaints would occur in schoolchildren, depending on parameters of IP screen brightness. The optimal range of IP screen brightness is justified for a working mode that significantly reduces the probability of students complaining about general and visual fatigue. Monitoring and correction of IP screen brightness mode during classes will reduce the risks of students' health disorders. It is necessary to continue research to substantiate the optimal visual characteristics of the IP screen based on investigating indicators describing the functional state of the child's body.
{"title":"Substantiation of the optimum screen brightness parameters of the interactive panel to reduce the risk of general and visual fatigue of schoolchildren","authors":"M. Ayzyatova, I. Aleksandrova, I. P. Lashneva, A. Kurgansky","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.05.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.05.eng","url":null,"abstract":"The digital transformation of modern education contributes to the active introduction of interactive panels (IP) into the educational process, replacing traditional chalkboards. Minimizing possible risk factors when using an IP also requires considering the visual characteristics of its screen. At present, there are no results of such studies in the scientific literature. The purpose of this work was to substantiate the optimal range of IP screen brightness when it is used in the classroom to prevent general and visual fatigue of schoolchildren. We analysed research articles describing studies in visual hygiene, lighting engineering, display technologies, etc. Our study involved measuring brightness and pulsation coefficient of a working IP screen. Ranges of IP screen brightness that could produce harmful effects on children's health have been empirically established. With the help of a specially designed questionnaire, complaints of students attending the 4th grade of secondary schools were studied to identify general and visual fatigue, as well as factors caused by the IP and negatively affecting the respondents’ well-being. The relative risk values are calculated, namely a probability that these complaints would occur in schoolchildren, depending on parameters of IP screen brightness. The optimal range of IP screen brightness is justified for a working mode that significantly reduces the probability of students complaining about general and visual fatigue. Monitoring and correction of IP screen brightness mode during classes will reduce the risks of students' health disorders. It is necessary to continue research to substantiate the optimal visual characteristics of the IP screen based on investigating indicators describing the functional state of the child's body.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47734690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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