Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.10.eng
T. Platonova, A. .. Golubkova, M. Sklyar, E. Karbovnichaya, S. Smirnova, K. Varchenko, A. Ivanova, A. Komissarov, D. Lioznov
Under the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers were at the highest risk of getting infected with the disease; this necessitates specialized studies in this occupational group. The aim of the study was to identify non-occupational risk factors and laboratory markers indicating that severe clinical forms of new coronavirus infection would probably develop in healthcare workers in the initial period of the pandemic. The study included 366 workers who suffered COVID-19 in 2020–2021. The disease was confirmed by examining smears from the pharynx and nose with PCR. Some of the samples were examined using the SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing technology. To determine laboratory prognostic indicators evidencing the development of more severe forms of the disease (pneumonia), a number of healthcare workers underwent laboratory examination during the acute period of the disease, namely: general clinical and biochemical blood tests, immunophenotyping of lymphocytes, analysis of the hemostasis system and cytokine levels. To study non-occupational risk factors of pneumonia, all healthcare workers after recovery were asked to fill in a Google form developed by the authors. The most severe clinical forms of COVID-19 were registered in healthcare workers who were older than 40 years, with low physical activity and a body mass index higher than 25.0, had diabetes mellitus and chronic diseases of the genitourinary system. When analyzing the results of laboratory tests, markers indicating development of pneumonia were identified and their critical values (cut-off points) were determined: the level of lymphocytes (below 1.955•109/l), T-cytotoxic lymphocytes (below 0.455•109/l), T-helpers (below 0.855•109/L), natural killers (below 0.205•109/l), platelets (below 239•109/L), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (above 11.5 mm/h), D-dimer (above 0.325 mcg/ml), total protein (below 71.55 g/L), lactate dehydrogenase (above 196 U/L), C-reactive protein (above 4.17 mg/l), and interleukin-6 (above 3.63 pg/l). The study identified non-occupational risk factors causing development of severe COVID-19 and established laboratory prognostic indicators.
{"title":"The risk of developing severe clinical forms of covid-19 in healthcare workers in the initial period of the pandemic: Non-occupational factors and laboratory prognostic indicators","authors":"T. Platonova, A. .. Golubkova, M. Sklyar, E. Karbovnichaya, S. Smirnova, K. Varchenko, A. Ivanova, A. Komissarov, D. Lioznov","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.10.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.10.eng","url":null,"abstract":"Under the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers were at the highest risk of getting infected with the disease; this necessitates specialized studies in this occupational group. The aim of the study was to identify non-occupational risk factors and laboratory markers indicating that severe clinical forms of new coronavirus infection would probably develop in healthcare workers in the initial period of the pandemic. The study included 366 workers who suffered COVID-19 in 2020–2021. The disease was confirmed by examining smears from the pharynx and nose with PCR. Some of the samples were examined using the SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing technology. To determine laboratory prognostic indicators evidencing the development of more severe forms of the disease (pneumonia), a number of healthcare workers underwent laboratory examination during the acute period of the disease, namely: general clinical and biochemical blood tests, immunophenotyping of lymphocytes, analysis of the hemostasis system and cytokine levels. To study non-occupational risk factors of pneumonia, all healthcare workers after recovery were asked to fill in a Google form developed by the authors. The most severe clinical forms of COVID-19 were registered in healthcare workers who were older than 40 years, with low physical activity and a body mass index higher than 25.0, had diabetes mellitus and chronic diseases of the genitourinary system. When analyzing the results of laboratory tests, markers indicating development of pneumonia were identified and their critical values (cut-off points) were determined: the level of lymphocytes (below 1.955•109/l), T-cytotoxic lymphocytes (below 0.455•109/l), T-helpers (below 0.855•109/L), natural killers (below 0.205•109/l), platelets (below 239•109/L), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (above 11.5 mm/h), D-dimer (above 0.325 mcg/ml), total protein (below 71.55 g/L), lactate dehydrogenase (above 196 U/L), C-reactive protein (above 4.17 mg/l), and interleukin-6 (above 3.63 pg/l). The study identified non-occupational risk factors causing development of severe COVID-19 and established laboratory prognostic indicators.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46759391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.03.eng
P. Shur, K. V. Chetverkina, А.А. Khasanova
High levels of chemical pollution in ambient air due to industrial emissions can facilitate development of functional disorders in various organs and systems. They are a significant component to be considered when assessing health risks under expo-sure to combined multi-factorial pollution. However, the issue of methodical approaches to assessing possible effects on health under exposure to combinations of chemicals has not been studied enough as regards public health risk assessment. Given that, we suggest a trend to develop the methodology that involves revising and substantiating indicators applied in health risk assessment. This should be done as new research data on influence exerted by chemicals on health (including exposure to levels higher than reference ones) become available. We have substantiated a system of quantitative indicators (including additional reference concentrations) for health risk assessment under chronic exposure to hydrogen sulphide in ambient air (including its elevated levels). Points of departure and modifying factors were established by analyzing studies on effects produced on health by hydrogen sulphide. On their basis, we developed parameters for non-carcinogenic health risk assessment. The reference concentration equaled 0.002 mg/m3 (the critical systems were respiratory organs and the nervous system). The additional reference concentration for risk assessment under elevated exposure to hydrogen sulphide was substantiated as equal 0.07 mg/m3 (impaired development being the critical system in the case). The suggested system of quantitative indicators enhances and specifies parameters for health risk assessment. This makes it possible to perform more adequate assessment of health risks under combined exposure to chemicals in ambient air including those contained in levels higher than reference ones. The suggested system of quantitative indicators was tested properly; as a result, the system was established to give an opportunity to obtain more comprehensive and accurate results of health risk assessment under combined exposure to chemical pollutants.
{"title":"Parameters for health risk assessment associated with chronic exposure to hydrogen sulphide in ambient air","authors":"P. Shur, K. V. Chetverkina, А.А. Khasanova","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.03.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.03.eng","url":null,"abstract":"High levels of chemical pollution in ambient air due to industrial emissions can facilitate development of functional disorders in various organs and systems. They are a significant component to be considered when assessing health risks under expo-sure to combined multi-factorial pollution. However, the issue of methodical approaches to assessing possible effects on health under exposure to combinations of chemicals has not been studied enough as regards public health risk assessment. Given that, we suggest a trend to develop the methodology that involves revising and substantiating indicators applied in health risk assessment. This should be done as new research data on influence exerted by chemicals on health (including exposure to levels higher than reference ones) become available. We have substantiated a system of quantitative indicators (including additional reference concentrations) for health risk assessment under chronic exposure to hydrogen sulphide in ambient air (including its elevated levels). Points of departure and modifying factors were established by analyzing studies on effects produced on health by hydrogen sulphide. On their basis, we developed parameters for non-carcinogenic health risk assessment. The reference concentration equaled 0.002 mg/m3 (the critical systems were respiratory organs and the nervous system). The additional reference concentration for risk assessment under elevated exposure to hydrogen sulphide was substantiated as equal 0.07 mg/m3 (impaired development being the critical system in the case). The suggested system of quantitative indicators enhances and specifies parameters for health risk assessment. This makes it possible to perform more adequate assessment of health risks under combined exposure to chemicals in ambient air including those contained in levels higher than reference ones. The suggested system of quantitative indicators was tested properly; as a result, the system was established to give an opportunity to obtain more comprehensive and accurate results of health risk assessment under combined exposure to chemical pollutants.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44721501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.11.eng
Xuan Da Pham, Hao Le Thi Hong, Huyen Tran Thi Thanh, Long Thanh Le, Hoa Vinh Le, Ninh Hanh Thi, Minh Le Tran, Nguyen Thanh Trung
Salmonella enterica is one of dangerous food-borne pathogens listed by the World Health Organization (WHO). In Vietnam, poultry is one of the most widely eaten meats and is reported as a common source of S. enterica contamination. The aim of this study was to examine multi-resistant Salmonella strains, to identify susceptibility to antibiotics by using 15 different types of medications and to perform sequencing to analyze antibiotic resistance genes, genotypes, multi-locus sequence-based typing (MLST), and plasmids. The result of the antibiotic susceptibility test indicated that phenotypic resistance to 9–11 types of antimicrobials was confirmed in all strains. Among 06 sequenced strains, we identified 43 genes associated with antibiotic resistance: strains carrying a range of genes that are associated with aminoglycoside resistance (aac(3), aac(6), ant(3), aph(3), aph(6), aadA); all strains carried blaCTX-M-55 or blaCTX-M-65 gene, which were resistant to the 3rd generation antibiotics; there were also frequently observed sul1, sul2, sul3, tet (A), qnrS1, floR, dfrA14 or dfrA27 genes in sequenced isolates. Besides, the genome sequencing also indicated that all strains carried pathogenicity islands SPI 1, SPI 2, and SPI 3 thereby creating many potential triggers of the disease. Additionally, some carried C63PI, SPI 9, SPI 13, SPI 14, and plus some plasmids such as Col156, IncHI2, IncHI2A, IncFIB, Col (MGD2).
{"title":"Strains and virulence genes of salmonella with multidrug resistance isolated from chicken carcasses (Hanoi, Vietnam)","authors":"Xuan Da Pham, Hao Le Thi Hong, Huyen Tran Thi Thanh, Long Thanh Le, Hoa Vinh Le, Ninh Hanh Thi, Minh Le Tran, Nguyen Thanh Trung","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.11.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.11.eng","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonella enterica is one of dangerous food-borne pathogens listed by the World Health Organization (WHO). In Vietnam, poultry is one of the most widely eaten meats and is reported as a common source of S. enterica contamination. The aim of this study was to examine multi-resistant Salmonella strains, to identify susceptibility to antibiotics by using 15 different types of medications and to perform sequencing to analyze antibiotic resistance genes, genotypes, multi-locus sequence-based typing (MLST), and plasmids. The result of the antibiotic susceptibility test indicated that phenotypic resistance to 9–11 types of antimicrobials was confirmed in all strains. Among 06 sequenced strains, we identified 43 genes associated with antibiotic resistance: strains carrying a range of genes that are associated with aminoglycoside resistance (aac(3), aac(6), ant(3), aph(3), aph(6), aadA); all strains carried blaCTX-M-55 or blaCTX-M-65 gene, which were resistant to the 3rd generation antibiotics; there were also frequently observed sul1, sul2, sul3, tet (A), qnrS1, floR, dfrA14 or dfrA27 genes in sequenced isolates. Besides, the genome sequencing also indicated that all strains carried pathogenicity islands SPI 1, SPI 2, and SPI 3 thereby creating many potential triggers of the disease. Additionally, some carried C63PI, SPI 9, SPI 13, SPI 14, and plus some plasmids such as Col156, IncHI2, IncHI2A, IncFIB, Col (MGD2).","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41396530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.12.eng
N. V. Kuzmenko, M. G. Pliss, V. Tsyrlin, М. Galagudza
The purpose of this work is to investigate dependence of the seasonal dynamics of HS (hemorrhagic strokes) and IS (ischemic strokes) risk on sex and age using meta-analysis. In total, 22 publications were selected for this meta-analysis, studying the seasonal dynamics of HS, of which 8 publications presented statistics separately for men and women, and three papers presented statistics for different age groups. Also, 28 publications studying the seasonal dynamics of IS were selected for meta-analysis, of which 11 publications presented statistics separately for men and women, and three papers presented statistics for different age groups. The meta-analysis of the seasonal dynamics of HS showed that HS risk is less likely in a warmer season compared with a colder one. In men, HS risk was the highest in winter and spring, and in women in winter. Dependence between HS risk and a decrease in air temperature was the same in men and women. According to the results of the meta-analysis (without regard to sex and age), the minimum probability of IS occurs in autumn. In women, IS risk was significantly higher in winter compared to other seasons. In men, the seasonal dynamics of IS was not expressed. In older people, the overall risk of stroke increased, especially IS. In people over 65 years of age, there was a significant dependence of an increase in HS risk on a decrease in air temperature. In people younger than 65 years, HS risk was not associated with cold. A decrease in temperature equally increased IS risk in both age groups. These results suggest that sex and age may influence the seasonal stroke risk.
{"title":"Meta-analysis of the influence of gender and age on the seasonal dynamics of cerebral strokes","authors":"N. V. Kuzmenko, M. G. Pliss, V. Tsyrlin, М. Galagudza","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.12.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.12.eng","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work is to investigate dependence of the seasonal dynamics of HS (hemorrhagic strokes) and IS (ischemic strokes) risk on sex and age using meta-analysis. In total, 22 publications were selected for this meta-analysis, studying the seasonal dynamics of HS, of which 8 publications presented statistics separately for men and women, and three papers presented statistics for different age groups. Also, 28 publications studying the seasonal dynamics of IS were selected for meta-analysis, of which 11 publications presented statistics separately for men and women, and three papers presented statistics for different age groups. The meta-analysis of the seasonal dynamics of HS showed that HS risk is less likely in a warmer season compared with a colder one. In men, HS risk was the highest in winter and spring, and in women in winter. Dependence between HS risk and a decrease in air temperature was the same in men and women. According to the results of the meta-analysis (without regard to sex and age), the minimum probability of IS occurs in autumn. In women, IS risk was significantly higher in winter compared to other seasons. In men, the seasonal dynamics of IS was not expressed. In older people, the overall risk of stroke increased, especially IS. In people over 65 years of age, there was a significant dependence of an increase in HS risk on a decrease in air temperature. In people younger than 65 years, HS risk was not associated with cold. A decrease in temperature equally increased IS risk in both age groups. These results suggest that sex and age may influence the seasonal stroke risk.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46160293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.02.eng
B. Revich, Т.L. Khar'kova, Е.А. Kvasha
An expected increase in the number of workplaces in the Arctic macro-region will require a lot of available local workforce. However, currently the working age population is declining markedly there. Between 2014 and 2020, the population decreased everywhere, except the Yamal Nenets Autonomous Area; the decrease was the most apparent in the Arkhangelsk region, Murmansk region, and the Komi Republic. Fluctuations in the share of the working age population in the Arkhangelsk region and the Nenets Autonomous Area practically have the same dynamic as in the country as a whole (the decline equals 2–3 %). The greatest declines (5–7 %) were observed in the Magadan region, Chukotka, the Murmansk region and the Komi Republic. Mortality rates in the Arctic macro-region tend to be higher than the national average rate due to uncomfortable Arctic climate, long distances between the settlements and basic healthcare facilities, and some other reasons. A current decline in mortality among the working age population has not reached its national average level yet. The major causes of elevated mortality in the Arctic macro-region include ischemic heart disease (in Chukotka, the Arkhangelsk region and the Murmansk region); stroke (in Karelia and the Komi Republic); external causes including accidental alcohol poisoning (in Karelia, the Komi Republic, and the Arkhangelsk region). To protect health of the working age population, it is necessary to develop and implement regional programs aimed at reducing mortality due to the major causes, which differ from one region to another. These programs should consider the experience gained in the other Arctic regions. It is also necessary to implement more effective healthcare management systems. This includes development of specific models for various population groups with specific working conditions and lifestyle; development of private-public partnerships; making healthcare more available.
{"title":"Mortality among adults in the arctic macro-region: Dynamics, structure and features","authors":"B. Revich, Т.L. Khar'kova, Е.А. Kvasha","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.02.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.02.eng","url":null,"abstract":"An expected increase in the number of workplaces in the Arctic macro-region will require a lot of available local workforce. However, currently the working age population is declining markedly there. Between 2014 and 2020, the population decreased everywhere, except the Yamal Nenets Autonomous Area; the decrease was the most apparent in the Arkhangelsk region, Murmansk region, and the Komi Republic. Fluctuations in the share of the working age population in the Arkhangelsk region and the Nenets Autonomous Area practically have the same dynamic as in the country as a whole (the decline equals 2–3 %). The greatest declines (5–7 %) were observed in the Magadan region, Chukotka, the Murmansk region and the Komi Republic. Mortality rates in the Arctic macro-region tend to be higher than the national average rate due to uncomfortable Arctic climate, long distances between the settlements and basic healthcare facilities, and some other reasons. A current decline in mortality among the working age population has not reached its national average level yet. The major causes of elevated mortality in the Arctic macro-region include ischemic heart disease (in Chukotka, the Arkhangelsk region and the Murmansk region); stroke (in Karelia and the Komi Republic); external causes including accidental alcohol poisoning (in Karelia, the Komi Republic, and the Arkhangelsk region). To protect health of the working age population, it is necessary to develop and implement regional programs aimed at reducing mortality due to the major causes, which differ from one region to another. These programs should consider the experience gained in the other Arctic regions. It is also necessary to implement more effective healthcare management systems. This includes development of specific models for various population groups with specific working conditions and lifestyle; development of private-public partnerships; making healthcare more available.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45425422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.17.eng
А.G. Fadeev
The review analyzes a range and prevalence of health disorders in workers employed at mining enterprises in the Arctic and exposed to heterogeneous occupational factors. We revealed that working processes typical for basic occupations in under-ground mining involved exposure to a set of heterogeneous harmful and (or) hazardous occupational factors such as intense occupational noise; elevated vibration; aerosols with predominantly fibrogenic effects, dusts and chemicals; high hardness and intensity typical for physical work; non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation. It was shown that diseases of the ear and mastoid, vibration syndrome, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, respiratory diseases and diseases of the nervous system prevailed both in the structure of general morbidity and in occupational one typical for miners. To create proper working conditions and to minimize effects of harmful and hazardous occupational factors as well as occupational health risks, it is advisable to perform comprehensive hygienic assessment of introduced equipment, machinery and mechanisms; to establish levels and doses of occupational factors. Engineering and technical, technological, medical and preventive and treatment and health-improving activities should be developed on this basis with special emphasis on such occupational groups as drift miners, drill-operators, blasters, timbermen, operators of cargo handling machinery, drilling unit operators, miners in mining outputs and faces, repairmen, and electric gas welders. It seems extremely vital to apply risk assessment methodology to assess occupational health risks for workers employed in mining operations in the Norilsk industrial region considering climatic features of the Arctic. This assessment is important for substantiating relevant activities aimed at managing such risks and protecting workers’ health.
{"title":"Health disorders in workers associated with health risks at workplaces in mining industry in the Arctic (Analytical review)","authors":"А.G. Fadeev","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.17.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.17.eng","url":null,"abstract":"The review analyzes a range and prevalence of health disorders in workers employed at mining enterprises in the Arctic and exposed to heterogeneous occupational factors. We revealed that working processes typical for basic occupations in under-ground mining involved exposure to a set of heterogeneous harmful and (or) hazardous occupational factors such as intense occupational noise; elevated vibration; aerosols with predominantly fibrogenic effects, dusts and chemicals; high hardness and intensity typical for physical work; non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation. It was shown that diseases of the ear and mastoid, vibration syndrome, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, respiratory diseases and diseases of the nervous system prevailed both in the structure of general morbidity and in occupational one typical for miners. To create proper working conditions and to minimize effects of harmful and hazardous occupational factors as well as occupational health risks, it is advisable to perform comprehensive hygienic assessment of introduced equipment, machinery and mechanisms; to establish levels and doses of occupational factors. Engineering and technical, technological, medical and preventive and treatment and health-improving activities should be developed on this basis with special emphasis on such occupational groups as drift miners, drill-operators, blasters, timbermen, operators of cargo handling machinery, drilling unit operators, miners in mining outputs and faces, repairmen, and electric gas welders. It seems extremely vital to apply risk assessment methodology to assess occupational health risks for workers employed in mining operations in the Norilsk industrial region considering climatic features of the Arctic. This assessment is important for substantiating relevant activities aimed at managing such risks and protecting workers’ health.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45982184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.08.eng
I. Pratiwi, S. Oktaviara
Terminal Teluk Lamong (TTL) in Indonesia is a company that operates in service sector managing a multipurpose terminal. It provides various services such as loading and unloading containers and dry bulk using integrated crane tools that employ the first semi-automatic facilities and infrastructure in Indonesia. Crane operators’ work involves risks of work accidents because they operate at heights and their job tasks require high concentration. This study aimed to find out fatigue levels and mental workloads typical for workplaces of crane operators and to analyze and assess working conditions. The study results gave grounds for developing recommendations on how to improve workplaces of STS and GSU crane operators who deal with loading and unloading containers and dry bulk cargoes at a seaport. The relevant data were obtained by questioning 56 STS and GSU crane operators working in four shifts, 6 hours each. We used an employee identity questionnaire as well as SOFI and NASA TLX questionnaires. The results were analyzed to obtain scores for estimating fatigue levels and mental workloads. Statistical analysis involved correlation and regression tests on two variables on STS and GSU crane operators. Upon completion, some recommendations were suggested as regards necessary changes into work process and longer rest in order to reduce fatigue and mental workloads for operators. The SOFI questionnaire established medium fatigue levels of STS and GSU operators but mental workloads turned out to be high. The correlation test did not reveal any correlation between fatigue and mental workloads for STS crane operators. It was shown that fatigue could be overcome by adequate rest, well-balanced diet rich with nutrients, and relevant exercise. At the same time, arranging work shifts more rationally, socializing, and training on the importance of fatigue awareness can reduce high mental workloads. The study results can help prevent or reduce increased fatigue and mental workloads that can lead to work accidents.
印尼的Terminal Teluk Lamong（TTL）是一家经营服务业的公司，管理一个多用途码头。它提供各种服务，如使用集成起重机工具装载和卸载集装箱和干散货，这些工具采用了印度尼西亚第一个半自动设施和基础设施。起重机操作员的工作涉及工作事故的风险，因为他们在高处作业，并且他们的工作任务需要高度集中。本研究旨在了解起重机操作员工作场所的典型疲劳水平和脑力劳动，并分析和评估工作条件。研究结果为如何改善STS和GSU起重机操作员在海港装卸集装箱和干散货的工作场所提供了建议。相关数据是通过询问56名STS和GSU起重机操作员获得的，他们分四班工作，每班工作6小时。我们使用了员工身份问卷以及SOFI和NASA TLX问卷。对结果进行分析，以获得评估疲劳程度和心理工作量的分数。统计分析包括对STS和GSU起重机操作员两个变量的相关性和回归检验。完成后，建议对工作流程进行必要的更改，延长休息时间，以减少操作员的疲劳和脑力劳动。SOFI调查问卷确定STS和GSU操作员的疲劳程度为中等，但精神负荷很高。相关性测试没有发现STS起重机操作员的疲劳和脑力劳动之间有任何相关性。研究表明，充足的休息、营养丰富的均衡饮食和相关的运动可以克服疲劳。同时，更合理地安排工作班次，进行社交活动，并对疲劳意识的重要性进行培训，可以减少高昂的脑力劳动。研究结果有助于预防或减少可能导致工作事故的疲劳和脑力劳动。
{"title":"Job design for crane operators based on fatigue aspects and mental workload in Indonesia","authors":"I. Pratiwi, S. Oktaviara","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.08.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.08.eng","url":null,"abstract":"Terminal Teluk Lamong (TTL) in Indonesia is a company that operates in service sector managing a multipurpose terminal. It provides various services such as loading and unloading containers and dry bulk using integrated crane tools that employ the first semi-automatic facilities and infrastructure in Indonesia. Crane operators’ work involves risks of work accidents because they operate at heights and their job tasks require high concentration. This study aimed to find out fatigue levels and mental workloads typical for workplaces of crane operators and to analyze and assess working conditions. The study results gave grounds for developing recommendations on how to improve workplaces of STS and GSU crane operators who deal with loading and unloading containers and dry bulk cargoes at a seaport. The relevant data were obtained by questioning 56 STS and GSU crane operators working in four shifts, 6 hours each. We used an employee identity questionnaire as well as SOFI and NASA TLX questionnaires. The results were analyzed to obtain scores for estimating fatigue levels and mental workloads. Statistical analysis involved correlation and regression tests on two variables on STS and GSU crane operators. Upon completion, some recommendations were suggested as regards necessary changes into work process and longer rest in order to reduce fatigue and mental workloads for operators. The SOFI questionnaire established medium fatigue levels of STS and GSU operators but mental workloads turned out to be high. The correlation test did not reveal any correlation between fatigue and mental workloads for STS crane operators. It was shown that fatigue could be overcome by adequate rest, well-balanced diet rich with nutrients, and relevant exercise. At the same time, arranging work shifts more rationally, socializing, and training on the importance of fatigue awareness can reduce high mental workloads. The study results can help prevent or reduce increased fatigue and mental workloads that can lead to work accidents.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42333225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.15.eng
E.V. Drazdova, K.V. Kaliasniova, V. Syakhovich, N. Dalhina
Chloroform accumulation in the body and the increase in its steady-state concentrations in blood of exposed people have been established to be associated with polymorphisms of enzyme genes in a genotype involved in metabolism of water disinfection byproducts (A415G of EPHX1 gene, C1091T of CYP2E1 gene, zero mutations of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes) (р < 0.000001). These polymorphisms in a genotype correlate with higher chloroform levels in blood of people consuming chlorinated drinking water: by 43.8 % and higher for GSTM1 gene polymorphism; by 68.2 % and higher for GSTT1; by 80.4 % and higher for EPHX1 (р < 0.01). EPHX1 genetic polymorphism makes chloroform accumulation much more probable (levels in blood ≥ Р75), which is the most pronounced when combined with GSTТ1 genetic polymorphism. The study results allow us to consider hetero- and homozygous polymorphic genotypes AG/GG for the EPHX1 gene, CT/TT for the CYP2E1 gene, and the null allele in the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes as genetic predisposition factors for chloroform accumulation in the body. This increases the probability of health outcomes associated with chronic exposure to this disinfection byproduct. The A415G polymorphism of the EPHX1 gene and null alleles of GSTT1 gene, their combinations including the combination with the null allele of the GSTM1 gene and/or the C1091T polymorphism of the CYP2E1 gene can be used as the most informative biomarkers of sensitivity when assessing risks associated with exposure to trihalomethanes (chloroform) at levels not exceeding MPC in water.
{"title":"Polymorphisms of xenobiotic metabolism enzyme genes cyp2e1, gstm1, gstt1, ephx1 as biomarkers of sensitivity to exposure to water disinfection byproducts (using chloroform as an example)","authors":"E.V. Drazdova, K.V. Kaliasniova, V. Syakhovich, N. Dalhina","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.15.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.15.eng","url":null,"abstract":"Chloroform accumulation in the body and the increase in its steady-state concentrations in blood of exposed people have been established to be associated with polymorphisms of enzyme genes in a genotype involved in metabolism of water disinfection byproducts (A415G of EPHX1 gene, C1091T of CYP2E1 gene, zero mutations of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes) (р < 0.000001). These polymorphisms in a genotype correlate with higher chloroform levels in blood of people consuming chlorinated drinking water: by 43.8 % and higher for GSTM1 gene polymorphism; by 68.2 % and higher for GSTT1; by 80.4 % and higher for EPHX1 (р < 0.01). EPHX1 genetic polymorphism makes chloroform accumulation much more probable (levels in blood ≥ Р75), which is the most pronounced when combined with GSTТ1 genetic polymorphism. The study results allow us to consider hetero- and homozygous polymorphic genotypes AG/GG for the EPHX1 gene, CT/TT for the CYP2E1 gene, and the null allele in the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes as genetic predisposition factors for chloroform accumulation in the body. This increases the probability of health outcomes associated with chronic exposure to this disinfection byproduct. The A415G polymorphism of the EPHX1 gene and null alleles of GSTT1 gene, their combinations including the combination with the null allele of the GSTM1 gene and/or the C1091T polymorphism of the CYP2E1 gene can be used as the most informative biomarkers of sensitivity when assessing risks associated with exposure to trihalomethanes (chloroform) at levels not exceeding MPC in water.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44927183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.09.eng
M. V. Kuznetsova, E. Afanasievskaya, N. V. Nikolaeva, E. S. Gorovitz, A. S. Averkina, I. N. Feklistova, V. Valtsifer
Microbial contamination means that infectious agents are identified on objects in the hospital environment. This serious issue is the most significant for healthcare organizations. Covering abiotic surfaces with a thin polymer film can be a promising way to fight against microbial adhesion and colonization. This film acts as a depot of an antibacterial substance. In this study, our aim was to investigate antimicrobial effects of new water compositions of polyacrylamides (PAM) with CuSO4 and ZnSO4. We examined antibacterial activity of 5%-solutions of CuSO4 and ZnSO4 and their compositions with various PAM types in a concentration equal to 0.075 % against such reference cultures as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniaе, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. We estimated use of PAM as a growth substrate as well as antimicrobial activity of the analyzed solutions and compositions in agar and liquid nutrient media. As a result, we established that bacterial cultures did not use PAM as sole nutrition source when growing in a liquid mineral medium and on PAM-films covering glass and plastic surfaces. More apparent inhibitory effects were produced on microorganisms cultivated on solid and liquid nutrient media by 5%-solution of ZnSO4. When PAM Praestol 857 and PAM Praestol were added to solutions of Cu2+ and Zn2+ cations, it resulted in an authentic increase in a diameter of a zone with inhibited bacterial growth in the agar medium. In the liquid medium, salts of both metals inhibited the growth and viability of all the analyzed microorganisms already in a concentration equal to 0.16 % or lower. Adding PAM Praestol 2530 led to a slight decrease in antibacterial efficiency of the examined metal salts whereas PAM Praestol 857 had practically no influence on bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects produced by them. Therefore, use of the obtained composite solutions where CuSO4 or ZnSO4, immobilized on a PAM matrix act as an antibacterial component seems a promising way to disinfect objects in the hospital environment. This can significantly reduce risks of hospital-acquired infections.
{"title":"Use of aqueous compositions of polyacrylamide with zinc and copper cations as a possible way to reduce the risks of microbial contamination in objects in the hospital environment","authors":"M. V. Kuznetsova, E. Afanasievskaya, N. V. Nikolaeva, E. S. Gorovitz, A. S. Averkina, I. N. Feklistova, V. Valtsifer","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.09.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.09.eng","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial contamination means that infectious agents are identified on objects in the hospital environment. This serious issue is the most significant for healthcare organizations. Covering abiotic surfaces with a thin polymer film can be a promising way to fight against microbial adhesion and colonization. This film acts as a depot of an antibacterial substance. In this study, our aim was to investigate antimicrobial effects of new water compositions of polyacrylamides (PAM) with CuSO4 and ZnSO4. We examined antibacterial activity of 5%-solutions of CuSO4 and ZnSO4 and their compositions with various PAM types in a concentration equal to 0.075 % against such reference cultures as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniaе, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. We estimated use of PAM as a growth substrate as well as antimicrobial activity of the analyzed solutions and compositions in agar and liquid nutrient media. As a result, we established that bacterial cultures did not use PAM as sole nutrition source when growing in a liquid mineral medium and on PAM-films covering glass and plastic surfaces. More apparent inhibitory effects were produced on microorganisms cultivated on solid and liquid nutrient media by 5%-solution of ZnSO4. When PAM Praestol 857 and PAM Praestol were added to solutions of Cu2+ and Zn2+ cations, it resulted in an authentic increase in a diameter of a zone with inhibited bacterial growth in the agar medium. In the liquid medium, salts of both metals inhibited the growth and viability of all the analyzed microorganisms already in a concentration equal to 0.16 % or lower. Adding PAM Praestol 2530 led to a slight decrease in antibacterial efficiency of the examined metal salts whereas PAM Praestol 857 had practically no influence on bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects produced by them. Therefore, use of the obtained composite solutions where CuSO4 or ZnSO4, immobilized on a PAM matrix act as an antibacterial component seems a promising way to disinfect objects in the hospital environment. This can significantly reduce risks of hospital-acquired infections.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45280888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.11
X. Pham, Hao Le Thi Hong, Huyen Le Thi Thanh, L. T. Le, H. Le, Ninh Hanh Thi, Minh Le Tran, Nguyen Thanh Trung
Salmonella enterica is one of dangerous food-borne pathogens listed by the World Health Organization (WHO). In Vietnam, poultry is one of the most widely eaten meats and is reported as a common source of S. enterica contamination. The aim of this study was to examine multi-resistant Salmonella strains, to identify susceptibility to antibiotics by using 15 different types of medications and to perform sequencing to analyze antibiotic resistance genes, genotypes, multi-locus sequence-based typing (MLST), and plasmids. The result of the antibiotic susceptibility test indicated that phenotypic resistance to 9–11 types of antimicrobials was confirmed in all strains. Among 06 sequenced strains, we identified 43 genes associated with antibiotic resistance: strains carrying a range of genes that are associated with aminoglycoside resistance (aac(3), aac(6), ant(3), aph(3), aph(6), aadA); all strains carried blaCTX-M-55 or blaCTX-M-65 gene, which were resistant to the 3rd generation antibiotics; there were also frequently observed sul1, sul2, sul3, tet (A), qnrS1, floR, dfrA14 or dfrA27 genes in sequenced isolates. Besides, the genome sequencing also indicated that all strains carried pathogenicity islands SPI 1, SPI 2, and SPI 3 thereby creating many potential triggers of the disease. Additionally, some carried C63PI, SPI 9, SPI 13, SPI 14, and plus some plasmids such as Col156, IncHI2, IncHI2A, IncFIB, Col (MGD2).
{"title":"Strains and virulence genes of salmonella with multidrug resistance isolated from chicken carcasses (Hanoi, Vietnam)","authors":"X. Pham, Hao Le Thi Hong, Huyen Le Thi Thanh, L. T. Le, H. Le, Ninh Hanh Thi, Minh Le Tran, Nguyen Thanh Trung","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonella enterica is one of dangerous food-borne pathogens listed by the World Health Organization (WHO). In Vietnam, poultry is one of the most widely eaten meats and is reported as a common source of S. enterica contamination. The aim of this study was to examine multi-resistant Salmonella strains, to identify susceptibility to antibiotics by using 15 different types of medications and to perform sequencing to analyze antibiotic resistance genes, genotypes, multi-locus sequence-based typing (MLST), and plasmids. The result of the antibiotic susceptibility test indicated that phenotypic resistance to 9–11 types of antimicrobials was confirmed in all strains. Among 06 sequenced strains, we identified 43 genes associated with antibiotic resistance: strains carrying a range of genes that are associated with aminoglycoside resistance (aac(3), aac(6), ant(3), aph(3), aph(6), aadA); all strains carried blaCTX-M-55 or blaCTX-M-65 gene, which were resistant to the 3rd generation antibiotics; there were also frequently observed sul1, sul2, sul3, tet (A), qnrS1, floR, dfrA14 or dfrA27 genes in sequenced isolates. Besides, the genome sequencing also indicated that all strains carried pathogenicity islands SPI 1, SPI 2, and SPI 3 thereby creating many potential triggers of the disease. Additionally, some carried C63PI, SPI 9, SPI 13, SPI 14, and plus some plasmids such as Col156, IncHI2, IncHI2A, IncFIB, Col (MGD2).","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45042410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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