Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.3.08.eng
E.A. Riazanova, D.N. Lir, D.Sh. Zagidullina
The aim of our study was to perform hygienic assessment of use of electronic digital devices and its relationship with likely disorders of the visual analyzer in students of different age. Our research object is represented by students of different age (5th grade (n = 55), 11th grade (n = 67) and the 6th year of HEI (n = 102)). This study focused on examining a relationship between disorders of the visual analyzer and use of electronic digital devices (EDDs) by students of different ages (5th and 1th grades in school, 6th year in HEI). We conducted social research by using a group indirect survey that relied on a specifically designed questionnaire consisting of 13 questions. Answers were collected by using Google Forms online platform. Students were established to use a smartphone (99.6 % of the respondents) and / or laptop (83 %) in their everyday activities. We analyzed duration of an activity involving use of various devices and established that 95 % of the respondents did not adhere to the existing hygienic standards when using EDDs and spent more than 4 hours a day on using them. The regression analysis revealed an association between myopia development and simultaneous use of various EDDs (R2 = 0.68; р < 0.0001). A contribution made to developing eyesight disorders by working with a laptop equaled 62 % whereas contributions made by watching TV and use of smart-watch equaled 19 % and 10 % respectively. Our assessment of a relative risk established that use of a laptop (PC) for more than 4 hours a day increased likelihood of myopia by 8.6 times (RR = 8.6; 95 % CI = 1.4–54.9, р < 0.05). Development of other functional disorders in school students was primarily associated with watching TV (85–89 %). Therefore, our study findings provide more precise data on the established relationship between improper EDDs use and disorders of the visual analyzer in students of different age. They provide solid grounds for implementation of relevant prevention activities.
{"title":"Electronic digital devices and a risk of functional disorders of the visual analyzer in students of different age","authors":"E.A. Riazanova, D.N. Lir, D.Sh. Zagidullina","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.3.08.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.3.08.eng","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of our study was to perform hygienic assessment of use of electronic digital devices and its relationship with likely disorders of the visual analyzer in students of different age. Our research object is represented by students of different age (5th grade (n = 55), 11th grade (n = 67) and the 6th year of HEI (n = 102)). This study focused on examining a relationship between disorders of the visual analyzer and use of electronic digital devices (EDDs) by students of different ages (5th and 1th grades in school, 6th year in HEI). We conducted social research by using a group indirect survey that relied on a specifically designed questionnaire consisting of 13 questions. Answers were collected by using Google Forms online platform. Students were established to use a smartphone (99.6 % of the respondents) and / or laptop (83 %) in their everyday activities. We analyzed duration of an activity involving use of various devices and established that 95 % of the respondents did not adhere to the existing hygienic standards when using EDDs and spent more than 4 hours a day on using them. The regression analysis revealed an association between myopia development and simultaneous use of various EDDs (R2 = 0.68; р < 0.0001). A contribution made to developing eyesight disorders by working with a laptop equaled 62 % whereas contributions made by watching TV and use of smart-watch equaled 19 % and 10 % respectively. Our assessment of a relative risk established that use of a laptop (PC) for more than 4 hours a day increased likelihood of myopia by 8.6 times (RR = 8.6; 95 % CI = 1.4–54.9, р < 0.05). Development of other functional disorders in school students was primarily associated with watching TV (85–89 %). Therefore, our study findings provide more precise data on the established relationship between improper EDDs use and disorders of the visual analyzer in students of different age. They provide solid grounds for implementation of relevant prevention activities.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135732037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.3.09.eng
Le Thi Tuyet, Tran Thi Minh Nguyet, Le Thi Thuy Dung
This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of 24–60-month-old children in Hanoi, Vietnam, and explore parents’ perception of their child's body shape, as well as related factors. The study found that parents’ wishes had a significant impact on their children’s nutritional status, as reflected in the high percentage of parents dissatisfied with their child’s weight and shape. Malnutrition, overweight, and obesity were defined based on WHO 2006 standards, and children's anthropometric indices were measured. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect information on parents’ perception of their child’s health based on body shape and their satisfaction with it. The results showed highest dissatisfaction with the child's shape in malnourished children (86.8 %), then in the obese group (60.4 %), and lowest in overweight children (28 %). Correct parental perception about the child’s nutritional status and the healthiest shape was only 61.1 % and 34.5 %, respectively. Several related factors to parental correct perception about the child’s shape was found and it was higher 22.5 % with the parent living in suburban area than those living in urban area, 20 % with the parent of girls than those of boys, it decreased to 54 % in group of malnourished children, and 66 % in group of obese and overweight children. The findings of this study highlight the importance of parental education on healthy child development and the need for interventions to address the high prevalence of malnutrition, overweight, and obesity in preschool children.
{"title":"Relationship of parental perception of children’s shape with nutritional status of children: a population-based study in 24–60-month-old vietnamese children","authors":"Le Thi Tuyet, Tran Thi Minh Nguyet, Le Thi Thuy Dung","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.3.09.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.3.09.eng","url":null,"abstract":"This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of 24–60-month-old children in Hanoi, Vietnam, and explore parents’ perception of their child's body shape, as well as related factors. The study found that parents’ wishes had a significant impact on their children’s nutritional status, as reflected in the high percentage of parents dissatisfied with their child’s weight and shape. Malnutrition, overweight, and obesity were defined based on WHO 2006 standards, and children's anthropometric indices were measured. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect information on parents’ perception of their child’s health based on body shape and their satisfaction with it. The results showed highest dissatisfaction with the child's shape in malnourished children (86.8 %), then in the obese group (60.4 %), and lowest in overweight children (28 %). Correct parental perception about the child’s nutritional status and the healthiest shape was only 61.1 % and 34.5 %, respectively. Several related factors to parental correct perception about the child’s shape was found and it was higher 22.5 % with the parent living in suburban area than those living in urban area, 20 % with the parent of girls than those of boys, it decreased to 54 % in group of malnourished children, and 66 % in group of obese and overweight children. The findings of this study highlight the importance of parental education on healthy child development and the need for interventions to address the high prevalence of malnutrition, overweight, and obesity in preschool children.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135732353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High work intensity (HWI) can occur in various occupational groups and induce health disorders, which means occu-pational health risk (OHR) assessment is necessary. This article describes methodical approaches to assessing OHR caused by HWI with a possibility to examine contributions made by its specific components and transition to personified risk assessment. The suggested approaches to assessing OHR caused by HWI include subjective assessment of the factor and health self-assessment. They allow identifying additional likelihood of health disorders and performing further risk assessment when exposure to HWI grows by one unit as per separate HWI indicators describing its specific components. Personified risk assessment involves using a template created for specific HWI components (intellectual, sensory, or emotional loads; work monotony; work regime). The approaches were tested on workers with mostly mental work (n = 137, respondents’ mean age was 43.9 ± 8.01 years; mean work records were 14.5 ± 3.7 years). Calculated data of personified levels of the integral health risk were used to rank likely health outcomes as per their priority. Mental disorders and diseases involving elevated blood pressure were established to correspond to ‘high’ health risk. Myopia, strained headache, atherosclerosis of peripheral vessels, and chronic laryngitis corresponded to ‘medium’ risk. Certain disorders involving the immune mechanism, tinnitus, ischemic heart disease, and atherosclerosis of coronary vessels as well as stomach and duodenum ulcer corresponded to ‘moderate’ risk. Detailed HWI assessment made it possible to identify its leading components; the shares of sensory and emotional loads in the integral health risk reached 29.0 ± 2.4 and 25.9 ± 3.9 % accordingly (р = 0.37). It is advisable to use these findings for creating personified activities aimed at OHR mitigation.
{"title":"Methodical approaches to personified assessment of health risks caused by work intensity and its specific components","authors":"N.V. Zaitseva, P.Z. Shur, D.N. Lir, V.B. Alekseev, А.О. Barg, I.V. Vindokurov, Е.V. Khrushcheva","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.3.10.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.3.10.eng","url":null,"abstract":"High work intensity (HWI) can occur in various occupational groups and induce health disorders, which means occu-pational health risk (OHR) assessment is necessary. This article describes methodical approaches to assessing OHR caused by HWI with a possibility to examine contributions made by its specific components and transition to personified risk assessment. The suggested approaches to assessing OHR caused by HWI include subjective assessment of the factor and health self-assessment. They allow identifying additional likelihood of health disorders and performing further risk assessment when exposure to HWI grows by one unit as per separate HWI indicators describing its specific components. Personified risk assessment involves using a template created for specific HWI components (intellectual, sensory, or emotional loads; work monotony; work regime). The approaches were tested on workers with mostly mental work (n = 137, respondents’ mean age was 43.9 ± 8.01 years; mean work records were 14.5 ± 3.7 years). Calculated data of personified levels of the integral health risk were used to rank likely health outcomes as per their priority. Mental disorders and diseases involving elevated blood pressure were established to correspond to ‘high’ health risk. Myopia, strained headache, atherosclerosis of peripheral vessels, and chronic laryngitis corresponded to ‘medium’ risk. Certain disorders involving the immune mechanism, tinnitus, ischemic heart disease, and atherosclerosis of coronary vessels as well as stomach and duodenum ulcer corresponded to ‘moderate’ risk. Detailed HWI assessment made it possible to identify its leading components; the shares of sensory and emotional loads in the integral health risk reached 29.0 ± 2.4 and 25.9 ± 3.9 % accordingly (р = 0.37). It is advisable to use these findings for creating personified activities aimed at OHR mitigation.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chronic persistent viral infection leads to developing immune deficiency and may induce lesions in many organs, the hepatobiliary system included. This, in its turn, may facilitate the onset of diseases of the digestive system under exposure to technogenic chemicals, especially those able to produce hepatotoxic effects. In this study, our aim was to examine risks of developing hepatobiliary disorders in children under combined exposure to persisting herpes infection and technogenic chemicals. We conducted a clinical examination of 324 children aged between 6 and 17 years living either in a large industrial city or on a territory where the sanitary-hygienic situation was favorable. The examination included a clinical checkup, laboratory diagnostic tests identifying herpes markers, chemical analyses aimed at establishing levels of technogenic chemicals in blood, and ultrasound scanning of hepatobiliary organs. We established that exposure to airborne technogenic chemicals created elevated levels of aromatic hydrocarbons and formaldehyde in 64.9–97.6 % of the exposed children; elevated manganese and chromium levels, in 20.8–34.6 % of them. Markers of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) were detected in 75 % of the exposed children; each second child had HSV-1 or HSV-2; each third child had human herpesvirus 6. Hepatobiliary disorders occurring under combined exposure to persistent herpes and echnogenic chemicals were represented by structural liver changes in 30.8 % of the examined children; abnormally shaped gallbladder or reactive changes in its walls and dyscholia, in 15.7–48.8 %. These disorders entail elevated levels of direct bilirubin and greater ALT against imbalance of oxidant and antioxidant systems and manifest themselves as biliary pathology in 69.5 % of cases. Exposed children with persistent herpes infection have 1.2–2.3 times higher likelihood of developing structural changes in the liver and gallbladder pathology and up to 4.3 times higher risks of biliary dysfunction and chronic gastroduodenitis.
{"title":"Assessing risks of hepatobiliary disorders in children under combined exposure to persisting herpes and technogenic chemicals","authors":"О.А. Maklakova, S.L. Valina, I.Е. Shtina, О.Yu. Ustinova","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.3.07.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.3.07.eng","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic persistent viral infection leads to developing immune deficiency and may induce lesions in many organs, the hepatobiliary system included. This, in its turn, may facilitate the onset of diseases of the digestive system under exposure to technogenic chemicals, especially those able to produce hepatotoxic effects. In this study, our aim was to examine risks of developing hepatobiliary disorders in children under combined exposure to persisting herpes infection and technogenic chemicals. We conducted a clinical examination of 324 children aged between 6 and 17 years living either in a large industrial city or on a territory where the sanitary-hygienic situation was favorable. The examination included a clinical checkup, laboratory diagnostic tests identifying herpes markers, chemical analyses aimed at establishing levels of technogenic chemicals in blood, and ultrasound scanning of hepatobiliary organs. We established that exposure to airborne technogenic chemicals created elevated levels of aromatic hydrocarbons and formaldehyde in 64.9–97.6 % of the exposed children; elevated manganese and chromium levels, in 20.8–34.6 % of them. Markers of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) were detected in 75 % of the exposed children; each second child had HSV-1 or HSV-2; each third child had human herpesvirus 6. Hepatobiliary disorders occurring under combined exposure to persistent herpes and echnogenic chemicals were represented by structural liver changes in 30.8 % of the examined children; abnormally shaped gallbladder or reactive changes in its walls and dyscholia, in 15.7–48.8 %. These disorders entail elevated levels of direct bilirubin and greater ALT against imbalance of oxidant and antioxidant systems and manifest themselves as biliary pathology in 69.5 % of cases. Exposed children with persistent herpes infection have 1.2–2.3 times higher likelihood of developing structural changes in the liver and gallbladder pathology and up to 4.3 times higher risks of biliary dysfunction and chronic gastroduodenitis.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We accomplished a cross-sectional study using a specifically designed questionnaire. The aim of our study was to examine subjective assessment of influence exerted on healthcare workers’ health and psychoemotional state by changed working conditions and use of personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The examined healthcare workers were employed at a multi-field re-profiled in-patient hospital. We established a considerable change in the workplace setting of healthcare workers in an unfavorable epidemic situation. It involved longer contacts with hazardous biological and chemical factors, elevated work hardness and intensity as well as the necessity to use personal protective equipment for a long time. Longer use of personal protective equipment when tending COVID-19 patients was associated with higher frequency of several variable complaints made by the questioned healthcare workers. Respondents were more likely to report difficulty in breathing (p < 0.001) and some discomfort around the face and/or behind the ears (p = 0.035) when wearing a medical face mask / respirator; wearing goggles was likely to involve itching, redness and/or maceration in the area where goggles contacted the head (p = 0.009), headache (p = 0.002) and discomfort in the area where goggles contacted the head (p < 0.001); healthcare workers who wore medical gloves reported itching (p = 0.004) and skin peeling (p < 0.001); use of protective overalls led to elevated sweating (p < 0.001), feeling overheated (p < 0.001), thirst (p < 0.001), and palpitation (p = 0.012). A significant proportion of respondents experienced some difficulties in using personal protective equipment related to visual and auditory perception of information, physical discomfort, putting on and taking off personal protective equipment, performance of work requiring precise movements, and decreased work capacity. The frequency of such complaints grew statistically significantly during a period when a healthcare worker had to treat COVID-19 patients.
{"title":"Subjective assessment of occupational risk factors for health and psychoemotional state of health care workers under changed working conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"K.A. Hutsich, G.E. Kosiachenko, S.I. Sychik, Е.A. Nikalayeva, I.V. Madeksha","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.3.11.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.3.11.eng","url":null,"abstract":"We accomplished a cross-sectional study using a specifically designed questionnaire. The aim of our study was to examine subjective assessment of influence exerted on healthcare workers’ health and psychoemotional state by changed working conditions and use of personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The examined healthcare workers were employed at a multi-field re-profiled in-patient hospital. We established a considerable change in the workplace setting of healthcare workers in an unfavorable epidemic situation. It involved longer contacts with hazardous biological and chemical factors, elevated work hardness and intensity as well as the necessity to use personal protective equipment for a long time. Longer use of personal protective equipment when tending COVID-19 patients was associated with higher frequency of several variable complaints made by the questioned healthcare workers. Respondents were more likely to report difficulty in breathing (p < 0.001) and some discomfort around the face and/or behind the ears (p = 0.035) when wearing a medical face mask / respirator; wearing goggles was likely to involve itching, redness and/or maceration in the area where goggles contacted the head (p = 0.009), headache (p = 0.002) and discomfort in the area where goggles contacted the head (p < 0.001); healthcare workers who wore medical gloves reported itching (p = 0.004) and skin peeling (p < 0.001); use of protective overalls led to elevated sweating (p < 0.001), feeling overheated (p < 0.001), thirst (p < 0.001), and palpitation (p = 0.012). A significant proportion of respondents experienced some difficulties in using personal protective equipment related to visual and auditory perception of information, physical discomfort, putting on and taking off personal protective equipment, performance of work requiring precise movements, and decreased work capacity. The frequency of such complaints grew statistically significantly during a period when a healthcare worker had to treat COVID-19 patients.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135732052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.3.13.eng
A.V. Toporkov, E.V. Putintseva, S.K. Udovichenko
The review generalizes data on West Nile fever manifestations in Russian between 1963 and 2022. Researchers have deter-mined peculiarities of the endemic process typical for this arboviral infection: cyclic rises in incidence with an interval of 1 to 8 years; the disease cases being predominantly registered in the south of the European part of the country; elevated risks of the disease for people aged 60 years and older; most West Nile fever cases without affecting the central nervous system with a continuous steady increase in the share of neuroinvasive forms. There are ongoing discussions of a considerable growth in an area where West Nile fever spreads as the incidence of the disease has been registered in Central Russia and this calls for assessment studies aimed at determining the northern borders of the infection area. The reviewed studies also systematize data on the WNV carriers and vectors and highlight the necessity to conduct large-scale experimental studies with their focus on examining susceptibility of various species of vertebrates and arthropods to the West Nile virus and assessing the efficiency of its transmission. The West Nile virus population that circulates in Russia has been shown to be heterogeneous and represented by the genotypes 1, 2, and 4, of which the genotype 2 is prevailing at present. The review also provides the findings of our own research with its focus on the genomes of the West Nile virus isolates indicating circulation of various genetic variants of the pathogen belonging to the genotype 2. The reviewed studies consider issues related to establishing epidemiological surveillance and sanitary-anti-epidemic (preventive) measures regarding West Nile fever in Russia and the principles of their organization at the present stage.
{"title":"West Nile fever as a relevant health hazard: The history of studying measures of and its prevention in Russia","authors":"A.V. Toporkov, E.V. Putintseva, S.K. Udovichenko","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.3.13.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.3.13.eng","url":null,"abstract":"The review generalizes data on West Nile fever manifestations in Russian between 1963 and 2022. Researchers have deter-mined peculiarities of the endemic process typical for this arboviral infection: cyclic rises in incidence with an interval of 1 to 8 years; the disease cases being predominantly registered in the south of the European part of the country; elevated risks of the disease for people aged 60 years and older; most West Nile fever cases without affecting the central nervous system with a continuous steady increase in the share of neuroinvasive forms. There are ongoing discussions of a considerable growth in an area where West Nile fever spreads as the incidence of the disease has been registered in Central Russia and this calls for assessment studies aimed at determining the northern borders of the infection area. The reviewed studies also systematize data on the WNV carriers and vectors and highlight the necessity to conduct large-scale experimental studies with their focus on examining susceptibility of various species of vertebrates and arthropods to the West Nile virus and assessing the efficiency of its transmission. The West Nile virus population that circulates in Russia has been shown to be heterogeneous and represented by the genotypes 1, 2, and 4, of which the genotype 2 is prevailing at present. The review also provides the findings of our own research with its focus on the genomes of the West Nile virus isolates indicating circulation of various genetic variants of the pathogen belonging to the genotype 2. The reviewed studies consider issues related to establishing epidemiological surveillance and sanitary-anti-epidemic (preventive) measures regarding West Nile fever in Russia and the principles of their organization at the present stage.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135731799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.3.12.eng
S.F. Sosnina, P.V. Okatenko, M.E. Sokolnikov
Studies that address risks of perinatal mortality among the offspring of people exposed to ionizing radiation in the workplace are significant for developing hygienic standards at production facilities with radiation hazards. The purpose was to analyze perinatal mortality (stillbirths and early neonatal deaths) among the offspring of workers employed by Mayak Production Association (Mayak PA), the first atomic production facility in Russia. A retrospective analysis was performed among 25,007 children born in 1949–1973; parents of 14,580 of these children were exposed to long-term occupational radiation at Mayak PA. The study provides frequency and dynamics of perinatal mortality and comparative analysis of perinatal mortality by sex, year of birth, parental age at childbirth, and dose categories of radiation exposure. Research data were analyzed by methods of non-parametric statistics. We calculated a relative risk (RR) of perinatal mortality among the offspring of exposed and unexposed parents with 95 % CI. The rate of perinatal mortality was generally the same in both groups, 19.9 for 103 in the test group and 17.9 for 103 in the control, p > 0.05. Stillbirths among male offspring were statistically significantly more often observed in the test group due to contribution of the children with only mothers exposed to occupational radiation exposure at Mayak PA prior to conception and offspring exposed in utero. Intrauterine fetal death was observed statistically significantly more often among boys of the test group compared to controls: 2.9 against 0.9 for 103. Rates of stillbirths and perinatal mortality in the main group statistically significantly exceeded the values in the comparison group in 1949–1953: RR = 2.69 (CI: 1.46–4.95) and 2.12 (1.38–3.28) respectively. Significant statistical differences in the perinatal mortality risk were established in certain categories of preconception and intrauterine gamma-exposure. The identified peculiarities of unfavorable outcomes in the perinatal period that were detected among the offspring of Mayak PA workers could be eligible for further epidemiological monitoring. Polyetiology character of perinatal mortality requires further follow up of the cohort of the offspring born to atomic production workers.
{"title":"Risk of perinatal mortality among the offspring of workers employed at production with radiation hazards","authors":"S.F. Sosnina, P.V. Okatenko, M.E. Sokolnikov","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.3.12.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.3.12.eng","url":null,"abstract":"Studies that address risks of perinatal mortality among the offspring of people exposed to ionizing radiation in the workplace are significant for developing hygienic standards at production facilities with radiation hazards. The purpose was to analyze perinatal mortality (stillbirths and early neonatal deaths) among the offspring of workers employed by Mayak Production Association (Mayak PA), the first atomic production facility in Russia. A retrospective analysis was performed among 25,007 children born in 1949–1973; parents of 14,580 of these children were exposed to long-term occupational radiation at Mayak PA. The study provides frequency and dynamics of perinatal mortality and comparative analysis of perinatal mortality by sex, year of birth, parental age at childbirth, and dose categories of radiation exposure. Research data were analyzed by methods of non-parametric statistics. We calculated a relative risk (RR) of perinatal mortality among the offspring of exposed and unexposed parents with 95 % CI. The rate of perinatal mortality was generally the same in both groups, 19.9 for 103 in the test group and 17.9 for 103 in the control, p > 0.05. Stillbirths among male offspring were statistically significantly more often observed in the test group due to contribution of the children with only mothers exposed to occupational radiation exposure at Mayak PA prior to conception and offspring exposed in utero. Intrauterine fetal death was observed statistically significantly more often among boys of the test group compared to controls: 2.9 against 0.9 for 103. Rates of stillbirths and perinatal mortality in the main group statistically significantly exceeded the values in the comparison group in 1949–1953: RR = 2.69 (CI: 1.46–4.95) and 2.12 (1.38–3.28) respectively. Significant statistical differences in the perinatal mortality risk were established in certain categories of preconception and intrauterine gamma-exposure. The identified peculiarities of unfavorable outcomes in the perinatal period that were detected among the offspring of Mayak PA workers could be eligible for further epidemiological monitoring. Polyetiology character of perinatal mortality requires further follow up of the cohort of the offspring born to atomic production workers.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When developing safety regulations for chemicals, the international society is constantly searching for safer analogues of highly hazardous chemicals to use as alternatives in various products. Within the Scientific Research Work under the State Program ‘Provision of Chemical and Biological Safety in 2021–2024’, The Russian Register of Potentially Hazardous Chemical and Biological Substances of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of Rospotrebnadzor has developed a concept on replacement of highly hazardous chemicals in various products (food products, synthetic detergents and household chemicals, pesticides, paints and varnishes, basic chemicals) with their safer analogues. Still, we should highlight that regulation of highly hazardous chemicals in articles has not been developed sufficiently in the RF. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to provide scientific substantiation for criteria and rules for assigning chemicals in articles as prohibited and (or) restricted. Materials this study is based on are represented by the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, EEC and the EU (in particular, Decrees, Resolutions, Technical Regulations, Directives, Regulations, etc. in the field of safe management of substances of concern), as well as domestic and international databases, scientific articles and monographs containing information on the toxic properties of chemicals. In order to develop effective measures to minimize the risk of exposure to chemicals in articles and their safe management at all stages of a life cycle, the study provides substantiation of criteria and rules for assigning chemicals in articles as prohibited and (or) restricted and proposes a mechanism for the creation of a National list of chemicals of concern in articles. When created, this List will allow monitoring of their circulation on the territory of the Russian Federation, proper waste disposal, and stimulating research work to find alternatives.
{"title":"Some proposals on regulation of highly hazardous chemicals in articles","authors":"Kh.Kh. Khamidulina, E.V. Tarasova, А.K. Nazarenko, D.N. Rabikova, А.S. Proskurina, I.V. Zamkova","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.3.02.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.3.02.eng","url":null,"abstract":"When developing safety regulations for chemicals, the international society is constantly searching for safer analogues of highly hazardous chemicals to use as alternatives in various products. Within the Scientific Research Work under the State Program ‘Provision of Chemical and Biological Safety in 2021–2024’, The Russian Register of Potentially Hazardous Chemical and Biological Substances of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of Rospotrebnadzor has developed a concept on replacement of highly hazardous chemicals in various products (food products, synthetic detergents and household chemicals, pesticides, paints and varnishes, basic chemicals) with their safer analogues. Still, we should highlight that regulation of highly hazardous chemicals in articles has not been developed sufficiently in the RF. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to provide scientific substantiation for criteria and rules for assigning chemicals in articles as prohibited and (or) restricted. Materials this study is based on are represented by the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, EEC and the EU (in particular, Decrees, Resolutions, Technical Regulations, Directives, Regulations, etc. in the field of safe management of substances of concern), as well as domestic and international databases, scientific articles and monographs containing information on the toxic properties of chemicals. In order to develop effective measures to minimize the risk of exposure to chemicals in articles and their safe management at all stages of a life cycle, the study provides substantiation of criteria and rules for assigning chemicals in articles as prohibited and (or) restricted and proposes a mechanism for the creation of a National list of chemicals of concern in articles. When created, this List will allow monitoring of their circulation on the territory of the Russian Federation, proper waste disposal, and stimulating research work to find alternatives.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.2.14.eng
G. Bodienkova, E. Boklazhenko
In recent years, it has become especially vital to identify prognostic risks of health disorders in workers exposed to harmful occupational factors. This is necessary for substantiating an occupational origin of a disease and biomarkers of exposure and for optimizing the occupational risk assessment methodology. The aim of this study was to compare and analyze immunochemical markers of effect (cytokines, heat shock proteins, and neuronal antibodies (AB)) in blood serum of patients with vibration disease (VD) induced by exposure to different types of vi-bration in order to substantiate the most informative diagnostic risk indicators concerning the disease development and clinical course. Cytokines, heat shock proteins, and antibodies to regulatory proteins of nervous tissue were identified in blood by ELISA tests. We established unidirectional statistically significantly more apparent changes in patients who had VD caused by combined exposure to both whole body vibration and local vibration against those who had VD caused by exposure to local vibration only. These changes included hyperactivated pro-inflammatory reactions of the immune response (IL-1β, TNF-α, INFγ), growing concentrations of antibodies to proteins: S-100, MBP, NF-200, GFAP, and voltage-gated Ca-channel. The differences were that patients with VD under combined exposure to both types of vibration had greater production of pro-inflammatory IL-8 and HSP27 whereas people with VD caused by exposure to local vibration only had a decrease in HSP70 levels. The study results confirmed more apparent neuro-immune inflammation in patients with VD caused by combined exposure to both whole body vibration and local vibration. This may indicate more significant risk factors of the disease and gives an opportunity to identify the most sensitive biomarkers eligible for diagnosing VD of different etiogenesis.
{"title":"Immunochemical markers of effect under exposure to risk factors causing vibration disease of different etiogenesis: сomparative assessment","authors":"G. Bodienkova, E. Boklazhenko","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.2.14.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.2.14.eng","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, it has become especially vital to identify prognostic risks of health disorders in workers exposed to harmful occupational factors. This is necessary for substantiating an occupational origin of a disease and biomarkers of exposure and for optimizing the occupational risk assessment methodology. The aim of this study was to compare and analyze immunochemical markers of effect (cytokines, heat shock proteins, and neuronal antibodies (AB)) in blood serum of patients with vibration disease (VD) induced by exposure to different types of vi-bration in order to substantiate the most informative diagnostic risk indicators concerning the disease development and clinical course. Cytokines, heat shock proteins, and antibodies to regulatory proteins of nervous tissue were identified in blood by ELISA tests. We established unidirectional statistically significantly more apparent changes in patients who had VD caused by combined exposure to both whole body vibration and local vibration against those who had VD caused by exposure to local vibration only. These changes included hyperactivated pro-inflammatory reactions of the immune response (IL-1β, TNF-α, INFγ), growing concentrations of antibodies to proteins: S-100, MBP, NF-200, GFAP, and voltage-gated Ca-channel. The differences were that patients with VD under combined exposure to both types of vibration had greater production of pro-inflammatory IL-8 and HSP27 whereas people with VD caused by exposure to local vibration only had a decrease in HSP70 levels. The study results confirmed more apparent neuro-immune inflammation in patients with VD caused by combined exposure to both whole body vibration and local vibration. This may indicate more significant risk factors of the disease and gives an opportunity to identify the most sensitive biomarkers eligible for diagnosing VD of different etiogenesis.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43106549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2023.2.06.eng
D.А. Kiryanov, М.Yu. Tsinker, D.R. Khismatullin
The article addresses development of methodical approaches to calculating levels of health disorders caused by short-term exposure to ambient air pollution. We have established and parameterized relationships relevant for quantification of probable health outcomes as responses to elevated levels of chemicals in ambient air higher than their reference ones. These relationships were modeled using system analysis techniques and were based on dynamic data series on ambient air quality at the control points and the number of applications for medical aid in settlements with their overall population being more than 5 million people. We have formalized relationships that describe how intensively acute health disorders develop under short-term exposure to chemical levels in ambient air being higher than the reference ones that are identified at the control points. The resulting models rely on official data and can be used to predict and assess public health risks in any area where ambient air quality is monitored. The formalized relationships were tested within identifying levels of incidence associated with acute short-term exposure to ambient air pollution in a large industrial center. It was established that, according to data collected in 2020, the highest associated incidence was caused by exposure to benzene (on average 0.364 mg/m3 higher than the reference level) in ambient air and was detected as per such nosologies as ‘Allergic rhinitis unspecified’ and ‘Predominantly allergic asthma’. We are planning to use the results obtained at this stage in the research in further development of methodical approaches to assessing and predicting chemical health risks in areas influenced by hazardous chemical objects under short-term exposure to high levels of pollutants.
{"title":"Calculating the number of disease cases associated with acute short-term exposure to harmful chemicals in ambient air","authors":"D.А. Kiryanov, М.Yu. Tsinker, D.R. Khismatullin","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2023.2.06.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.2.06.eng","url":null,"abstract":"The article addresses development of methodical approaches to calculating levels of health disorders caused by short-term exposure to ambient air pollution. We have established and parameterized relationships relevant for quantification of probable health outcomes as responses to elevated levels of chemicals in ambient air higher than their reference ones. These relationships were modeled using system analysis techniques and were based on dynamic data series on ambient air quality at the control points and the number of applications for medical aid in settlements with their overall population being more than 5 million people. We have formalized relationships that describe how intensively acute health disorders develop under short-term exposure to chemical levels in ambient air being higher than the reference ones that are identified at the control points. The resulting models rely on official data and can be used to predict and assess public health risks in any area where ambient air quality is monitored. The formalized relationships were tested within identifying levels of incidence associated with acute short-term exposure to ambient air pollution in a large industrial center. It was established that, according to data collected in 2020, the highest associated incidence was caused by exposure to benzene (on average 0.364 mg/m3 higher than the reference level) in ambient air and was detected as per such nosologies as ‘Allergic rhinitis unspecified’ and ‘Predominantly allergic asthma’. We are planning to use the results obtained at this stage in the research in further development of methodical approaches to assessing and predicting chemical health risks in areas influenced by hazardous chemical objects under short-term exposure to high levels of pollutants.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136281008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：