Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.24143/2073-1574-2023-4-17-24
D. V. Shunkin, D. Yastrebov, Oleg Aleksandrovich Belov, Vladimir Alekseevich Shvetsov, Konstantin Viktorovich Erev
The world statistics of fleet accidents indicate that the most dangerous type of damage to engineering structures are fragile destructions that occur suddenly and spread at high speed. The causes of brittle fractures are defects such as corrosion-fatigue cracks, which often occur due to active corrosion processes. Seawater contains a large number of microorganisms that contribute to the acceleration of corrosion and fouling of metal structures in contact with water. The main method of corrosion protection of systems and mechanisms of marine fishing vessels is tread protection. To increase the effectiveness of tread protection, it is necessary to improve the methods of technical diagnostics of treads in order to use new methods at ship repair plants and marine vessels. It is proposed to use control electrodes made of stainless steel for technical diagnostics of marine vessel protectors. Laboratory tests of a stainless steel electrode and a standard silver chloride reference electrode were performed. The experiment took place at the installation for technical diagnostics of marine protectors, which was specially developed at the Department of “Power Plants and Electrical Equipment of Ships” of the Kamchatka State Technical University. Control measurements of the potential of the working protector were performed for five days, while 50 single control measurements of the working potential of the protector were performed daily using each electrode. The accuracy of the measurement results was evaluated using a mathematical and statistical method. The results of diagnosing the potential of the tread, obtained using an electrode made of stainless steel, comply with regulatory requirements. The proposed type of electrode can be used by ship crews for technical diagnostics of marine vessel protectors.
{"title":"On the issue of using control electrodes for the marine vessel protectors technical diagnostics","authors":"D. V. Shunkin, D. Yastrebov, Oleg Aleksandrovich Belov, Vladimir Alekseevich Shvetsov, Konstantin Viktorovich Erev","doi":"10.24143/2073-1574-2023-4-17-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2023-4-17-24","url":null,"abstract":"The world statistics of fleet accidents indicate that the most dangerous type of damage to engineering structures are fragile destructions that occur suddenly and spread at high speed. The causes of brittle fractures are defects such as corrosion-fatigue cracks, which often occur due to active corrosion processes. Seawater contains a large number of microorganisms that contribute to the acceleration of corrosion and fouling of metal structures in contact with water. The main method of corrosion protection of systems and mechanisms of marine fishing vessels is tread protection. To increase the effectiveness of tread protection, it is necessary to improve the methods of technical diagnostics of treads in order to use new methods at ship repair plants and marine vessels. It is proposed to use control electrodes made of stainless steel for technical diagnostics of marine vessel protectors. Laboratory tests of a stainless steel electrode and a standard silver chloride reference electrode were performed. The experiment took place at the installation for technical diagnostics of marine protectors, which was specially developed at the Department of “Power Plants and Electrical Equipment of Ships” of the Kamchatka State Technical University. Control measurements of the potential of the working protector were performed for five days, while 50 single control measurements of the working potential of the protector were performed daily using each electrode. The accuracy of the measurement results was evaluated using a mathematical and statistical method. The results of diagnosing the potential of the tread, obtained using an electrode made of stainless steel, comply with regulatory requirements. The proposed type of electrode can be used by ship crews for technical diagnostics of marine vessel protectors.","PeriodicalId":129911,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139228178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transshipment cranes of the checkpoint of the Lenpodyemtransmash plant are widely used in river and sea ports, at industrial enterprises for grappling transshipment of bulk cargo and for working with piece loads or containers, as well as for transshipment of scrap metal and rolled metal using lifting electromagnets. It is proposed to eliminate the uncertainties caused by the incompatibility of one-dimensional (rod) and two-dimensional (plate) finite elements having a different number of degrees of freedom, 12 and 20, when developing digital twins of portal cranes of the Lenpodyemtransmash plant on the example of the CHECKPOINT 16/32t crane by approximating axisymmetric shells of the portal head with rod finite elements. The method is based on the equality of the potential shear energy of the finite element model of the plate and the potential energy of the approximating rod model, the elements of which work on tension/compression, which made it possible to move from the finite element model of the GEARBOX 16/32t reloading crane, built on the basic finite elements of Kirchhoff plates, to the finite element model of the crane based on the core base finite elements. A mathematical model of a matrix equation of static equilibrium with many degrees of freedom is proposed, the numerical solution of which by the Gauss method allows us to proceed to six-component internal forces in each finite element due to the corresponding vector of external loads reduced to the degrees of freedom of the calculated finite element model. The possibility of inter-pretation of bearing elements of spatial metal structures of portal cranes by both one-dimensional rod and two-dimensional plate finite elements is investigated, a re-evaluation of traditional views on the computational analysis of the stress-strain state of metal structures of portal cranes in the field of reliable determination of their bearing capacity during operation in ports, especially in the field of assessing post-repair risk analysis and the resource of reloading cranes is proposed, those who have completed the standard service life in the port and have undergone capital repairs. A calculated rod finite element idealized model of a PPC 16/32t gantry crane for transshipment of cargo in river and sea ports is constructed, demonstrating the transition from a real design to a calculation model based on geometric principles of discretization of both rod and continuum elements by the basic rod end elements of the crane, as a result of which the digital calculation model should be detailed and complex, like a system with many degrees of freedom. The algorithm of application of the digital calculation model of the crane is given on the example of static finite element calculation analysis of the KPP 16/32t crane.
{"title":"The KPP 16/32t transshipment crane finite element model for transshipment of goods in river and sea ports","authors":"Nadezhda Valerievna Dulger, Anatoliy Victorovich Korablin","doi":"10.24143/2073-1574-2023-4-104-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2023-4-104-114","url":null,"abstract":"Transshipment cranes of the checkpoint of the Lenpodyemtransmash plant are widely used in river and sea ports, at industrial enterprises for grappling transshipment of bulk cargo and for working with piece loads or containers, as well as for transshipment of scrap metal and rolled metal using lifting electromagnets. It is proposed to eliminate the uncertainties caused by the incompatibility of one-dimensional (rod) and two-dimensional (plate) finite elements having a different number of degrees of freedom, 12 and 20, when developing digital twins of portal cranes of the Lenpodyemtransmash plant on the example of the CHECKPOINT 16/32t crane by approximating axisymmetric shells of the portal head with rod finite elements. The method is based on the equality of the potential shear energy of the finite element model of the plate and the potential energy of the approximating rod model, the elements of which work on tension/compression, which made it possible to move from the finite element model of the GEARBOX 16/32t reloading crane, built on the basic finite elements of Kirchhoff plates, to the finite element model of the crane based on the core base finite elements. A mathematical model of a matrix equation of static equilibrium with many degrees of freedom is proposed, the numerical solution of which by the Gauss method allows us to proceed to six-component internal forces in each finite element due to the corresponding vector of external loads reduced to the degrees of freedom of the calculated finite element model. The possibility of inter-pretation of bearing elements of spatial metal structures of portal cranes by both one-dimensional rod and two-dimensional plate finite elements is investigated, a re-evaluation of traditional views on the computational analysis of the stress-strain state of metal structures of portal cranes in the field of reliable determination of their bearing capacity during operation in ports, especially in the field of assessing post-repair risk analysis and the resource of reloading cranes is proposed, those who have completed the standard service life in the port and have undergone capital repairs. A calculated rod finite element idealized model of a PPC 16/32t gantry crane for transshipment of cargo in river and sea ports is constructed, demonstrating the transition from a real design to a calculation model based on geometric principles of discretization of both rod and continuum elements by the basic rod end elements of the crane, as a result of which the digital calculation model should be detailed and complex, like a system with many degrees of freedom. The algorithm of application of the digital calculation model of the crane is given on the example of static finite element calculation analysis of the KPP 16/32t crane.","PeriodicalId":129911,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139229193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.24143/2073-1574-2023-4-25-34
V. A. Chanchikov, I. N. Guzhvenko, Nina Vladimirovna Pryamuhina, Mariya Sergeevna Pryamukhina, Alexander Viktorovich Vasilyev
The paper examines an influence of the regeneration efficiency of the developed anti-wear additive on tribological properties of the lubricating composition, including a lubricating oil and the additive. The anti-wear additive was a layered friction modifier – molybdenum diselenide MoSe2, mixed in the volume of a composition of unsaturated fatty acids – stearic acid and oleic acid. Lubricating oil M-16G2TSS was chosen as the base lubricant, with respect to which the tribological properties of other lubricants submitted for testing are compared. For all cycles of tests, a volume of no more than 25 cm3 of lubricant was used to avoid high thermal inertia when the test samples moved on the friction machine. Experiments of the regeneration of the additive were carried out on a rotary mixing unit of the author's design, and the solution has a long storage period of 8 640 hours (about 12 calendar months). The possibility of restoring the uniform distribution of molybdenum diselenide throughout the volume of the additive in a suspended state has been revealed. This lubricant composition, after restoration of the structure by stirring, can be used in the production of a lubricant composition based on M-16G2TSS oil. Using a reciprocating friction unit of a friction machine, simulating the cylinder-piston group of a marine diesel engine, the resulting lubricant composition was compared with other lubricants based on molybdenum diselenide, the additive solutions of which have different storage periods before being added to the lubricating oil, as well as with the base lubricating oil. The assessment of the tribological properties of lubricants based on M-16G2TSS oil by determining the weight wear and further using this value to estimate the resource of the friction unit has been made. Rotational regeneration has shown satisfactory effectiveness in partially restoring of the tribological properties of a lubricant composition with the participation of an additive, but is not enough effective compared to rotational pulsation mixing of the additive in order to create perspective lubricant compositions.
{"title":"The influence of layered friction modifier regeneration on the anti-wear properties of lubricant compositions","authors":"V. A. Chanchikov, I. N. Guzhvenko, Nina Vladimirovna Pryamuhina, Mariya Sergeevna Pryamukhina, Alexander Viktorovich Vasilyev","doi":"10.24143/2073-1574-2023-4-25-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2023-4-25-34","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines an influence of the regeneration efficiency of the developed anti-wear additive on tribological properties of the lubricating composition, including a lubricating oil and the additive. The anti-wear additive was a layered friction modifier – molybdenum diselenide MoSe2, mixed in the volume of a composition of unsaturated fatty acids – stearic acid and oleic acid. Lubricating oil M-16G2TSS was chosen as the base lubricant, with respect to which the tribological properties of other lubricants submitted for testing are compared. For all cycles of tests, a volume of no more than 25 cm3 of lubricant was used to avoid high thermal inertia when the test samples moved on the friction machine. Experiments of the regeneration of the additive were carried out on a rotary mixing unit of the author's design, and the solution has a long storage period of 8 640 hours (about 12 calendar months). The possibility of restoring the uniform distribution of molybdenum diselenide throughout the volume of the additive in a suspended state has been revealed. This lubricant composition, after restoration of the structure by stirring, can be used in the production of a lubricant composition based on M-16G2TSS oil. Using a reciprocating friction unit of a friction machine, simulating the cylinder-piston group of a marine diesel engine, the resulting lubricant composition was compared with other lubricants based on molybdenum diselenide, the additive solutions of which have different storage periods before being added to the lubricating oil, as well as with the base lubricating oil. The assessment of the tribological properties of lubricants based on M-16G2TSS oil by determining the weight wear and further using this value to estimate the resource of the friction unit has been made. Rotational regeneration has shown satisfactory effectiveness in partially restoring of the tribological properties of a lubricant composition with the participation of an additive, but is not enough effective compared to rotational pulsation mixing of the additive in order to create perspective lubricant compositions.","PeriodicalId":129911,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139231329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.24143/2073-1574-2023-4-115-120
A. Kriukov
The use of educational technology, namely the educational trajectory, is considered on the example of the educational process at the Vladivostok Shipbuilding College in the specialty “Installation and maintenance of ship machinery and mechanisms”. This pedagogical technology is used throughout the entire training program for the training of a mid-level specialist in project activities, which completes each stage of training. During the entire period of four-year training, the future specialist studies various subjects, academic disciplines and professional modules. As part of the training, individual, course and diploma projects and works are used as the final stage of their development. The totality of all projects can be built into a single, but individual educational trajectory, which allows for training from the academic discipline “Introduction to the specialty” to the defense of the final qualifying work. The use of this pedagogical technology has made it possible to build a system of training middle-level specialists in such a way that a student can independently determine the vector of further development of both a specialist and a personality. The assessment of the application of this pedagogical technology based on the results of the state certification of students for a five-year period is presented. The results of the analysis of statistical data indicate the positive dynamics of the results of the protection of final qualification works, and also reveal the features of the results at key points. In general, the pedagogical technology under consideration has determined the possibilities of improving the methodological, material, technical, scientific base for the training of a mid-level specialist on the basis of the Vladivostok Shipbuilding College.
{"title":"Introduction of the educational trajectory for training workers in the ship repair field in Primorsky Kray","authors":"A. Kriukov","doi":"10.24143/2073-1574-2023-4-115-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2023-4-115-120","url":null,"abstract":"The use of educational technology, namely the educational trajectory, is considered on the example of the educational process at the Vladivostok Shipbuilding College in the specialty “Installation and maintenance of ship machinery and mechanisms”. This pedagogical technology is used throughout the entire training program for the training of a mid-level specialist in project activities, which completes each stage of training. During the entire period of four-year training, the future specialist studies various subjects, academic disciplines and professional modules. As part of the training, individual, course and diploma projects and works are used as the final stage of their development. The totality of all projects can be built into a single, but individual educational trajectory, which allows for training from the academic discipline “Introduction to the specialty” to the defense of the final qualifying work. The use of this pedagogical technology has made it possible to build a system of training middle-level specialists in such a way that a student can independently determine the vector of further development of both a specialist and a personality. The assessment of the application of this pedagogical technology based on the results of the state certification of students for a five-year period is presented. The results of the analysis of statistical data indicate the positive dynamics of the results of the protection of final qualification works, and also reveal the features of the results at key points. In general, the pedagogical technology under consideration has determined the possibilities of improving the methodological, material, technical, scientific base for the training of a mid-level specialist on the basis of the Vladivostok Shipbuilding College.","PeriodicalId":129911,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.24143/2073-1574-2023-4-88-95
A. Savenko, P. Savenko
At the parallel operation of diesel generator sets in the sea vessels electrical power system the presence of power exchange oscillations is recorded. Power exchange oscillations adversely affect the operation of electrical equipment and automation systems of sea vessels. The results of mathematical modeling allow us to conclude that it is expedient to adaptively change the transmission coefficient of governor to reduce the amplitude of exchange oscillations. To study various technological modes of operation of a ship power plant with a different number of generators operating in parallel, the values of active resistances are set in the mathematical model instead of generating machines, while a large value of active resistance corresponds to a disconnected generator, and a small value of active resistance corresponds to a generator set connected to the main switchboard. To test the performance and efficiency of the method based on changing the settings of the governor, it is proposed to conduct computer simulations with dynamic implementation. A method has been developed for determining the value characterizing the current amplitude of power exchange oscillations by a computer automatic control system. Conclusions are drawn about the efficiency of the eliminating power exchange oscillations method, the results of testing the method obtained using the developed computer program allow us to recommend the introduction of a block for eliminating power exchange oscillations in the control systems of electrical power system on sea vessels.
{"title":"Checking the efficiency and operability of the eliminating power exchange oscillations method in the electrical power system of sea vessels","authors":"A. Savenko, P. Savenko","doi":"10.24143/2073-1574-2023-4-88-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2023-4-88-95","url":null,"abstract":"At the parallel operation of diesel generator sets in the sea vessels electrical power system the presence of power exchange oscillations is recorded. Power exchange oscillations adversely affect the operation of electrical equipment and automation systems of sea vessels. The results of mathematical modeling allow us to conclude that it is expedient to adaptively change the transmission coefficient of governor to reduce the amplitude of exchange oscillations. To study various technological modes of operation of a ship power plant with a different number of generators operating in parallel, the values of active resistances are set in the mathematical model instead of generating machines, while a large value of active resistance corresponds to a disconnected generator, and a small value of active resistance corresponds to a generator set connected to the main switchboard. To test the performance and efficiency of the method based on changing the settings of the governor, it is proposed to conduct computer simulations with dynamic implementation. A method has been developed for determining the value characterizing the current amplitude of power exchange oscillations by a computer automatic control system. Conclusions are drawn about the efficiency of the eliminating power exchange oscillations method, the results of testing the method obtained using the developed computer program allow us to recommend the introduction of a block for eliminating power exchange oscillations in the control systems of electrical power system on sea vessels.","PeriodicalId":129911,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139234206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.24143/2073-1574-2023-4-96-103
A. Bordyug
On chemical tankers, the main cargo devices are pumps, so it is necessary to constantly monitor their operating conditions and performance indicators during operation. The article discusses modeling using MATLAB/Simulink software of a single-stage horizontal centrifugal pump, which can be used to create an information-measuring system for monitoring the performance of cargo pumps using the example of a chemical tanker of the Ivan Poddubny type. An analysis of the modeling results is carried out, including an assessment of pump efficiency, pressure loss and other indicators in various operating modes. The results allow us to draw conclusions about the operation of the pump under various loads and variable conditions. The simulated pump worked with seven different liquids pumped in chemical tankers: ethyl alcohol, N-propyl alcohol, phenol, chloroform, castor oil, 55% nitric acid and water. After this, a neural network was created using the MATLAB/Neural Network Fitting Tool application. The input data of the network were volumetric flow, pressure, shaft power, torque and suction pressure. The output value was the pump efficiency, the value of which was estimated for each fluid. The root mean square error of approximation was very close to zero. According to these results, the artificial neural network showed satisfactory results for predicting the efficiency of the centrifugal cargo pump of the Ivan Poddubny type chemical tanker; therefore, it can be used in ship information and measurement systems. Overall, this paper represents a valuable research contribution to the field of modeling horizontal centrifugal pumps using Simulink that can be useful to engineers and researchers involved in the design and optimization of these pumps.
在化学品油轮上，主要的货物设备是泵，因此有必要在运行过程中持续监控其运行状况和性能指标。文章以 Ivan Poddubny 型化学品油轮为例，讨论了使用 MATLAB/Simulink 软件对单级卧式离心泵进行建模的问题。我们对建模结果进行了分析，包括在各种运行模式下对泵效率、压力损失和其他指标的评估。根据分析结果，我们可以得出泵在各种负载和变量条件下的运行结论。模拟泵在化工罐车中泵送七种不同的液体：乙醇、正丙醇、苯酚、氯仿、蓖麻油、55% 硝酸和水。之后，使用 MATLAB/神经网络拟合工具应用程序创建了一个神经网络。网络的输入数据为容积流量、压力、轴功率、扭矩和吸入压力。输出值是泵的效率，其值是对每种流体的估计值。近似的均方根误差非常接近零。根据这些结果，人工神经网络在预测 Ivan Poddubny 型化学品油轮离心货泵的效率方面显示出令人满意的结果；因此，它可用于船舶信息和测量系统。总之，本文是对使用 Simulink 对卧式离心泵进行建模领域的一项有价值的研究成果，对参与这些泵的设计和优化的工程师和研究人员很有帮助。
{"title":"Model of information and measuring control system of centrifugal cargo pump on a chemical tanker of the Ivan Poddubny type","authors":"A. Bordyug","doi":"10.24143/2073-1574-2023-4-96-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2023-4-96-103","url":null,"abstract":"On chemical tankers, the main cargo devices are pumps, so it is necessary to constantly monitor their operating conditions and performance indicators during operation. The article discusses modeling using MATLAB/Simulink software of a single-stage horizontal centrifugal pump, which can be used to create an information-measuring system for monitoring the performance of cargo pumps using the example of a chemical tanker of the Ivan Poddubny type. An analysis of the modeling results is carried out, including an assessment of pump efficiency, pressure loss and other indicators in various operating modes. The results allow us to draw conclusions about the operation of the pump under various loads and variable conditions. The simulated pump worked with seven different liquids pumped in chemical tankers: ethyl alcohol, N-propyl alcohol, phenol, chloroform, castor oil, 55% nitric acid and water. After this, a neural network was created using the MATLAB/Neural Network Fitting Tool application. The input data of the network were volumetric flow, pressure, shaft power, torque and suction pressure. The output value was the pump efficiency, the value of which was estimated for each fluid. The root mean square error of approximation was very close to zero. According to these results, the artificial neural network showed satisfactory results for predicting the efficiency of the centrifugal cargo pump of the Ivan Poddubny type chemical tanker; therefore, it can be used in ship information and measurement systems. Overall, this paper represents a valuable research contribution to the field of modeling horizontal centrifugal pumps using Simulink that can be useful to engineers and researchers involved in the design and optimization of these pumps.","PeriodicalId":129911,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139231317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.24143/2073-1574-2023-4-40-45
V. G. Bukin, A. I. Andreev, Roman Romanovich Minofyev
The study of pressure losses at boiling two-phase flow movement in vertical and inclined pipes of evaporators of ship refrigeration units is carried out. The study of the ascending two-phase flow is promising from the point of view of practical application. Such a movement is typical for various types of industrial heat exchange equipment, including for the development of promising types of evaporators, for example, vertical apparatuses for ships in which internal boiling of the refrigerant occurs. A methodology has been developed and an experiment has been set up to study the processes in the steam generating channels of refrigeration units at various angles of inclination with a fixed height. At the same time, the length of the channel changed, it became possible to analyze friction losses. A new approach has been applied that brings the model as close as possible to the actual boiling process, taking into account the constant increase of steam in the channel. Experimental studies have been carried out and data on pressure losses have been revealed when the angle of inclination of the steam generating channel changes. The main dependences and various components of hydraulic resistances during the movement of a boiling two-phase flow are presented. Based on the data obtained, the justification of ship evaporators transition of refrigeration units to the vertical arrangement of the heat exchange steam generating beam is proved. The results obtained indicate that an increase in the slope of the pipe, provided that the height is maintained, leads to an increase in pressure losses. Applicability to marine refrigerating machines has been determined – the transition to vertical apparatuses has advantages, primarily in reducing pressure losses. The obtained set of data allows to recommend the design of vertical evaporators for auxiliary ship installations.
{"title":"Pressure losses investigation at boiling two-phase flow movement in inclined pipes of a marine refrigeration machine evaporator","authors":"V. G. Bukin, A. I. Andreev, Roman Romanovich Minofyev","doi":"10.24143/2073-1574-2023-4-40-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2023-4-40-45","url":null,"abstract":"The study of pressure losses at boiling two-phase flow movement in vertical and inclined pipes of evaporators of ship refrigeration units is carried out. The study of the ascending two-phase flow is promising from the point of view of practical application. Such a movement is typical for various types of industrial heat exchange equipment, including for the development of promising types of evaporators, for example, vertical apparatuses for ships in which internal boiling of the refrigerant occurs. A methodology has been developed and an experiment has been set up to study the processes in the steam generating channels of refrigeration units at various angles of inclination with a fixed height. At the same time, the length of the channel changed, it became possible to analyze friction losses. A new approach has been applied that brings the model as close as possible to the actual boiling process, taking into account the constant increase of steam in the channel. Experimental studies have been carried out and data on pressure losses have been revealed when the angle of inclination of the steam generating channel changes. The main dependences and various components of hydraulic resistances during the movement of a boiling two-phase flow are presented. Based on the data obtained, the justification of ship evaporators transition of refrigeration units to the vertical arrangement of the heat exchange steam generating beam is proved. The results obtained indicate that an increase in the slope of the pipe, provided that the height is maintained, leads to an increase in pressure losses. Applicability to marine refrigerating machines has been determined – the transition to vertical apparatuses has advantages, primarily in reducing pressure losses. The obtained set of data allows to recommend the design of vertical evaporators for auxiliary ship installations.","PeriodicalId":129911,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139228675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During operation the shafts of responsible purpose, which have received a curvature of the longitudinal axis and are not allowed for further operation, are subjected to correction with heating. The following heating methods are considered: with the use of a gas burner, induction heating, as well as tubular resistance furnaces. The use of a gas burner causes difficulties in the heating process controlling and the appearance of defects due to uneven heating afterwards. The diagram of the device for heating the shaft with a gas burner is illustrated. The scheme of induction heating of the shaft section is considered. During induction heating, it is necessary to use special equipment. It is proposed to use a tubular resistance furnace in an experimental study. The requirements for the material of the heating element are considered. A wire made of chromium-nickel alloy nichrome H20N80 for the heating element was selected. The layout of the tubular resistance furnace was made and materials were selected. The design of a resistance furnace for insulated windings is presented. Calculations of the length, diameter and number of turns of the heating element are performed. After manufacturing, a test heating of the sample was carried out. It is concluded that the furnace power was sufficient to warm up the sample to the required temperature of 650 °C for three hours.
在运行过程中，对纵轴出现弯曲且不允许继续运行的专用轴进行加热校正。我们考虑了以下几种加热方法：使用气体燃烧器、感应加热以及管式电阻炉。使用气体燃烧器会给加热过程的控制带来困难，并且由于加热不均匀而出现缺陷。使用燃气燃烧器加热轴的装置示意图如图所示。考虑了轴部分的感应加热方案。在感应加热过程中，必须使用特殊设备。建议在实验研究中使用管状电阻炉。考虑了对加热元件材料的要求。选用铬镍合金镍铬 H20N80 线材作为加热元件。设计了管式电阻炉的布局并选择了材料。介绍了绝缘绕组电阻炉的设计。对加热元件的长度、直径和匝数进行了计算。制造完成后，对样品进行了试加热。结论是炉子功率足以将样品加热到所需的 650 °C 温度，持续时间为三小时。
{"title":"Calculation and design of the heating furnace for straightening experimental samples of ship shafts","authors":"Vitaliy Valer'evich Vyazankin, V. Mamontov, Sergey Vladimirovich Vinogradov, Semen Vital'evich Vyazankin","doi":"10.24143/2073-1574-2023-4-35-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2023-4-35-39","url":null,"abstract":"During operation the shafts of responsible purpose, which have received a curvature of the longitudinal axis and are not allowed for further operation, are subjected to correction with heating. The following heating methods are considered: with the use of a gas burner, induction heating, as well as tubular resistance furnaces. The use of a gas burner causes difficulties in the heating process controlling and the appearance of defects due to uneven heating afterwards. The diagram of the device for heating the shaft with a gas burner is illustrated. The scheme of induction heating of the shaft section is considered. During induction heating, it is necessary to use special equipment. It is proposed to use a tubular resistance furnace in an experimental study. The requirements for the material of the heating element are considered. A wire made of chromium-nickel alloy nichrome H20N80 for the heating element was selected. The layout of the tubular resistance furnace was made and materials were selected. The design of a resistance furnace for insulated windings is presented. Calculations of the length, diameter and number of turns of the heating element are performed. After manufacturing, a test heating of the sample was carried out. It is concluded that the furnace power was sufficient to warm up the sample to the required temperature of 650 °C for three hours.","PeriodicalId":129911,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.24143/2073-1574-2023-3-49-55
Y. Matveev, M. Khramov, V. V. Kolyvanov, S. Y. Kuritsyn
During the engine operation, the piston rings wear out and the grooves under the piston rings are destroyed, as a result of which there is a decrease in the sealing of the combustion chamber. This problem has been usually solved by replacing the old, spent piston and rings with new ones. There is considered a method of extending the life of the cylinder piston group. The proposed method consists in changing the composition and design of the upper piston ring, which is primarily responsible for sealing the combustion chamber. It is proposed to bore the groove of the upper piston ring, until all defects obtained during the engine operation are eliminated; then, to make two piston rings fitting the size of the groove and install them into the bored groove. Installation of the rings should be done in such a way that the axial locks are positioned in line in the opposite direction. In this position of the rings, gases entering the joint of the upper ring rest against the solid body of the lower ring and the further path for them is terminated. The breakthrough of gases from the working plane into the crankcase is excluded, the indicator efficiency of the engine increases, the wear of the cylinder bushings of pistons and rings decreases, the vibration of the flutter type is eliminated. For installation, standard piston rings are used with a slight modification, which consists in adjusting the height and changing the profile of the rings in order to reduce wear of the cylinder sleeve and rings during operation. According to the test results, conclusions were drawn about the increased service life in the manufacture of the piston rings with optimal geometry and about a positive effect on the engine performance.
{"title":"Improving efficiency of seals of parts of cylinder piston group of marine diesel engines","authors":"Y. Matveev, M. Khramov, V. V. Kolyvanov, S. Y. Kuritsyn","doi":"10.24143/2073-1574-2023-3-49-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2023-3-49-55","url":null,"abstract":"During the engine operation, the piston rings wear out and the grooves under the piston rings are destroyed, as a result of which there is a decrease in the sealing of the combustion chamber. This problem has been usually solved by replacing the old, spent piston and rings with new ones. There is considered a method of extending the life of the cylinder piston group. The proposed method consists in changing the composition and design of the upper piston ring, which is primarily responsible for sealing the combustion chamber. It is proposed to bore the groove of the upper piston ring, until all defects obtained during the engine operation are eliminated; then, to make two piston rings fitting the size of the groove and install them into the bored groove. Installation of the rings should be done in such a way that the axial locks are positioned in line in the opposite direction. In this position of the rings, gases entering the joint of the upper ring rest against the solid body of the lower ring and the further path for them is terminated. The breakthrough of gases from the working plane into the crankcase is excluded, the indicator efficiency of the engine increases, the wear of the cylinder bushings of pistons and rings decreases, the vibration of the flutter type is eliminated. For installation, standard piston rings are used with a slight modification, which consists in adjusting the height and changing the profile of the rings in order to reduce wear of the cylinder sleeve and rings during operation. According to the test results, conclusions were drawn about the increased service life in the manufacture of the piston rings with optimal geometry and about a positive effect on the engine performance.","PeriodicalId":129911,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114811104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.24143/2073-1574-2023-3-88-96
O. Khvatov, Timur Zakariyaevich Bilyaletdinov, Pavel Vadimovich Kuznetsov, Dmitriy Konstantinovich Markov
Calculation and subsequent analysis of reliability indicators is a mandatory stage of development and commissioning of technical devices. There has been carried out an assessment of reliability in relation to diesel generator sets operating in the mode of adjustable rotational speed at shared loads, which ensures their high energy efficiency. Unconditional compliance with the requirements for the quality of the generated energy (amplitude and frequency of the voltage in the ship's network) is realized in these generating devices by means of semiconductor converter technology. It is obvious that the increased technical complexity of variable-speed generator sets, which can be attributed to the class of machine-valve generator complexes, is associated with a certain decrease in their reliability indicators. There are presented structural schemes and indicated the composition of power equipment and controls for machine-valve generator complexes based on asynchronous generators with a short-circuited and phase rotor. The method of calculating the reliability indicators of these asynchronous diesel generator complexes is considered. The results of calculating the failure rate and operating time for failure are given, taking into account the load diagram of the power plant and the tachogram of the drive internal combustion engine, which corresponds to operation at energy-efficient rotational speeds at optimal (close to nominal) specific fuel consumption. The results of a comparative analysis of the operating time for failure allow us to determine the most reliable version of asynchronous generator electrical installation in operation.
{"title":"Assessment of reliability of variable speed diesel asynchronous generator sets","authors":"O. Khvatov, Timur Zakariyaevich Bilyaletdinov, Pavel Vadimovich Kuznetsov, Dmitriy Konstantinovich Markov","doi":"10.24143/2073-1574-2023-3-88-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2023-3-88-96","url":null,"abstract":"Calculation and subsequent analysis of reliability indicators is a mandatory stage of development and commissioning of technical devices. There has been carried out an assessment of reliability in relation to diesel generator sets operating in the mode of adjustable rotational speed at shared loads, which ensures their high energy efficiency. Unconditional compliance with the requirements for the quality of the generated energy (amplitude and frequency of the voltage in the ship's network) is realized in these generating devices by means of semiconductor converter technology. It is obvious that the increased technical complexity of variable-speed generator sets, which can be attributed to the class of machine-valve generator complexes, is associated with a certain decrease in their reliability indicators. There are presented structural schemes and indicated the composition of power equipment and controls for machine-valve generator complexes based on asynchronous generators with a short-circuited and phase rotor. The method of calculating the reliability indicators of these asynchronous diesel generator complexes is considered. The results of calculating the failure rate and operating time for failure are given, taking into account the load diagram of the power plant and the tachogram of the drive internal combustion engine, which corresponds to operation at energy-efficient rotational speeds at optimal (close to nominal) specific fuel consumption. The results of a comparative analysis of the operating time for failure allow us to determine the most reliable version of asynchronous generator electrical installation in operation.","PeriodicalId":129911,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129339160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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