Pub Date : 1993-12-01DOI: 10.1088/0954-8998/5/6/001
C. Mavroyannis
We have calculated the excitation spectra of a single electron in the excited state of a four-level atom interacting with three laser fields at low intensities, where two of them are on two-photon resonance with the three levels of the atom, while the third laser is a weak one operating between the fourth and excited level of the atom. It is shown that light is switched off at certain frequency due to the coherent population trapping while light is turned on at another frequency, where stimulated emission occurs leading to light amplification without population inversion.
{"title":"Stimulated emission in a four-level atom","authors":"C. Mavroyannis","doi":"10.1088/0954-8998/5/6/001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-8998/5/6/001","url":null,"abstract":"We have calculated the excitation spectra of a single electron in the excited state of a four-level atom interacting with three laser fields at low intensities, where two of them are on two-photon resonance with the three levels of the atom, while the third laser is a weak one operating between the fourth and excited level of the atom. It is shown that light is switched off at certain frequency due to the coherent population trapping while light is turned on at another frequency, where stimulated emission occurs leading to light amplification without population inversion.","PeriodicalId":130003,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Optics: Journal of The European Optical Society Part B","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134353748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-12-01DOI: 10.1088/0954-8998/5/6/002
E. Hach, C. Gerry
Phase properties of states consisting of superpositions of the states mod a) and mod -a), coherent states of a single mode quantized electromagnetic field, are studied. These states are also known as macroscopic superposition states and 'Schrodinger cat' states. After first reviewing the squeezing and antibunching properties of these states, from the density operator and the phase states we derive a probability distribution for the phase. We also compare with this distributions obtained from the associated Q-function and the Wigner function.
{"title":"Phase properties of macroscopic superposition states","authors":"E. Hach, C. Gerry","doi":"10.1088/0954-8998/5/6/002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-8998/5/6/002","url":null,"abstract":"Phase properties of states consisting of superpositions of the states mod a) and mod -a), coherent states of a single mode quantized electromagnetic field, are studied. These states are also known as macroscopic superposition states and 'Schrodinger cat' states. After first reviewing the squeezing and antibunching properties of these states, from the density operator and the phase states we derive a probability distribution for the phase. We also compare with this distributions obtained from the associated Q-function and the Wigner function.","PeriodicalId":130003,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Optics: Journal of The European Optical Society Part B","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130499097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-12-01DOI: 10.1088/0954-8998/5/6/003
L. Lugiato, E. Pessina
We perform a systematic comparison between the spectrum of the intensity fluctuations and the spectrum of squeezing optimized with respect to the phase of the local oscillator, for the case of a one-photon single-mode optical bistability. In the bad-cavity limit the quantum noise reduction in the intensity fluctuations becomes comparable to the optimum level of squeezing. We consider also the case of a one-photon, single-mode laser with injected signal and show that under appropriate conditions the system can exhibit a meaningful level of squeezing.
{"title":"Quantum noise reduction in a one-photon optical bistability and a laser with injected signal","authors":"L. Lugiato, E. Pessina","doi":"10.1088/0954-8998/5/6/003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-8998/5/6/003","url":null,"abstract":"We perform a systematic comparison between the spectrum of the intensity fluctuations and the spectrum of squeezing optimized with respect to the phase of the local oscillator, for the case of a one-photon single-mode optical bistability. In the bad-cavity limit the quantum noise reduction in the intensity fluctuations becomes comparable to the optimum level of squeezing. We consider also the case of a one-photon, single-mode laser with injected signal and show that under appropriate conditions the system can exhibit a meaningful level of squeezing.","PeriodicalId":130003,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Optics: Journal of The European Optical Society Part B","volume":"207 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121284515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-23DOI: 10.1088/0954-8998/6/1/002
M. Nieto
We point out that Rydberg wave packets (and similar 'coherent' molecular packets) are, in general, squeezed states, rather than the more elementary coherent states. This observation allows a more intuitive understanding of their properties; e.g., their revivals.
{"title":"Rydberg wave packets are squeezed states","authors":"M. Nieto","doi":"10.1088/0954-8998/6/1/002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-8998/6/1/002","url":null,"abstract":"We point out that Rydberg wave packets (and similar 'coherent' molecular packets) are, in general, squeezed states, rather than the more elementary coherent states. This observation allows a more intuitive understanding of their properties; e.g., their revivals.","PeriodicalId":130003,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Optics: Journal of The European Optical Society Part B","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117222807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-01DOI: 10.1088/0954-8998/5/5/003
A. Luks, V. Peřinová
A first step is made to demonstrate that any computation of quantum optical phase statistics may profit from a mere residue of the Pegg-Barnett formalism, whose compatible discrete phase operators are redundant, although they make the formalism a legible system. Apart from a construction of incompatible discrete phase operators, a use of incompatible continuous phase operators is indicated.
{"title":"Finite photon number and discrete quantum phase","authors":"A. Luks, V. Peřinová","doi":"10.1088/0954-8998/5/5/003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-8998/5/5/003","url":null,"abstract":"A first step is made to demonstrate that any computation of quantum optical phase statistics may profit from a mere residue of the Pegg-Barnett formalism, whose compatible discrete phase operators are redundant, although they make the formalism a legible system. Apart from a construction of incompatible discrete phase operators, a use of incompatible continuous phase operators is indicated.","PeriodicalId":130003,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Optics: Journal of The European Optical Society Part B","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125345513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-01DOI: 10.1088/0954-8998/5/5/001
M. Islam, M. Mihailidi, C. Soccolich, E. A. DeSouza, W. Pleibel, R. Stolen, Joe Leigh Simpson, D. DiGiovanni
The authors introduce erbium-doped fibre amplifiers (EDFA) into soliton-dragging logic gates (SDLG) to improve their performance in terms of switching energy, fan-out and tolerance to timing jitter. In particular, they experimentally and numerically examine the frequency shifts associated with soliton dragging for orthogonally polarized pulses interacting in discrete and distributed amplifiers. The authors show that EDFA asymmetrize the interaction between pulses, leading to a frequency shift even when pulses completely walk through each other. The gain can increase the fan-out and/or reduce the switching energy, while proper positioning of the amplifier can loosen the timing restrictions for SDLG. We find reasonable agreement between calculations and measurements in the discrete amplifier case. However, discrepancies for the distributed amplifier case may result from non-uniform gain profiles along the length of the amplifier.
{"title":"Soliton dragging in discrete and distributed amplifiers","authors":"M. Islam, M. Mihailidi, C. Soccolich, E. A. DeSouza, W. Pleibel, R. Stolen, Joe Leigh Simpson, D. DiGiovanni","doi":"10.1088/0954-8998/5/5/001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-8998/5/5/001","url":null,"abstract":"The authors introduce erbium-doped fibre amplifiers (EDFA) into soliton-dragging logic gates (SDLG) to improve their performance in terms of switching energy, fan-out and tolerance to timing jitter. In particular, they experimentally and numerically examine the frequency shifts associated with soliton dragging for orthogonally polarized pulses interacting in discrete and distributed amplifiers. The authors show that EDFA asymmetrize the interaction between pulses, leading to a frequency shift even when pulses completely walk through each other. The gain can increase the fan-out and/or reduce the switching energy, while proper positioning of the amplifier can loosen the timing restrictions for SDLG. We find reasonable agreement between calculations and measurements in the discrete amplifier case. However, discrepancies for the distributed amplifier case may result from non-uniform gain profiles along the length of the amplifier.","PeriodicalId":130003,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Optics: Journal of The European Optical Society Part B","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131288000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-01DOI: 10.1088/0954-8998/5/5/005
Xiping Zheng, J. Gifford, C. Savage
A method for generating macroscopically distinguishable superposition states via single atom dispersion was proposed by Savage et al. see Optics Letters, vol.15, p.628, 1990. In that model, the atomic linewidth was not considered. However, including the atomic linewidth, the authors get two contradictory conditions for the generation of distinguishable superposition states. This shows that the atomic linewidth prevents the formation of macroscopically distinguishable superposition states by the proposed method.
{"title":"Linewidth prevents macroscopic quantum superposition generation by single atom dispersion","authors":"Xiping Zheng, J. Gifford, C. Savage","doi":"10.1088/0954-8998/5/5/005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-8998/5/5/005","url":null,"abstract":"A method for generating macroscopically distinguishable superposition states via single atom dispersion was proposed by Savage et al. see Optics Letters, vol.15, p.628, 1990. In that model, the atomic linewidth was not considered. However, including the atomic linewidth, the authors get two contradictory conditions for the generation of distinguishable superposition states. This shows that the atomic linewidth prevents the formation of macroscopically distinguishable superposition states by the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":130003,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Optics: Journal of The European Optical Society Part B","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116505711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-01DOI: 10.1088/0954-8998/5/5/002
I. Jex, M. Matsuoka, M. Koashi
The authors present phase properties of a field mode interacting with two two-level atoms using the Pegg and Barnett formalism. They derive analytical and approximate expressions for the phase probability distribution, and calculate the mean value of the phase and their fluctuations. A discussion with respect to the coupling constant of the atoms is given.
{"title":"Phase of the field in the interaction with two two-level atoms","authors":"I. Jex, M. Matsuoka, M. Koashi","doi":"10.1088/0954-8998/5/5/002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-8998/5/5/002","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present phase properties of a field mode interacting with two two-level atoms using the Pegg and Barnett formalism. They derive analytical and approximate expressions for the phase probability distribution, and calculate the mean value of the phase and their fluctuations. A discussion with respect to the coupling constant of the atoms is given.","PeriodicalId":130003,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Optics: Journal of The European Optical Society Part B","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122763900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-01DOI: 10.1088/0954-8998/5/5/004
S. Youn*, W. Jhe, Jai-Hyung Lee, Joon-sung Chang
The authors have measured the quantum mechanical noise of a coherent light source and the fluctuation of the vacuum field simultaneously, using a balanced homodyne detector with an effective time delay. Without the conventional coaxial delay line, they have achieved a time delay by shifting the digitized data stored in a personal computer. With this method, they have obtained noise power spectra from the light from a laser diode and an Ar+ laser, without any distortion, comparable to those obtained with a coaxial delay line.
{"title":"Measurement of the quantum mechanical fluctuation of a laser and the vacuum field by an effective time-delayed homodyne detector","authors":"S. Youn*, W. Jhe, Jai-Hyung Lee, Joon-sung Chang","doi":"10.1088/0954-8998/5/5/004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-8998/5/5/004","url":null,"abstract":"The authors have measured the quantum mechanical noise of a coherent light source and the fluctuation of the vacuum field simultaneously, using a balanced homodyne detector with an effective time delay. Without the conventional coaxial delay line, they have achieved a time delay by shifting the digitized data stored in a personal computer. With this method, they have obtained noise power spectra from the light from a laser diode and an Ar+ laser, without any distortion, comparable to those obtained with a coaxial delay line.","PeriodicalId":130003,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Optics: Journal of The European Optical Society Part B","volume":"225 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130768223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-08-01DOI: 10.1088/0954-8998/5/4/004
I. Lyubomirsky, M. Shirasaki, F. Kartner, H. Haus
Squeezed light from a Sagnac fibre ring may be used to test Bell's inequality. This system is analogous to the original EPR thought experiment. The authors show that Bell's inequality can be tested with homodyne detection of such light when the photon numbers of the squeezed vacuum and the local oscillator are small.
{"title":"Test of Bell's inequality with squeezed light from a Sagnac fibre ring","authors":"I. Lyubomirsky, M. Shirasaki, F. Kartner, H. Haus","doi":"10.1088/0954-8998/5/4/004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-8998/5/4/004","url":null,"abstract":"Squeezed light from a Sagnac fibre ring may be used to test Bell's inequality. This system is analogous to the original EPR thought experiment. The authors show that Bell's inequality can be tested with homodyne detection of such light when the photon numbers of the squeezed vacuum and the local oscillator are small.","PeriodicalId":130003,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Optics: Journal of The European Optical Society Part B","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116778142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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