K. Bélafi-Bakó, E. Molnár, Z. Csanádi, N. Nemestóthy
Electrodialysis (ED) is an electromembrane separation process suitable for recovery of organic acids. In this work galacturonic acid (GA) obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of pectins from various sources was separated by a laboratory scale, two-step ED stack and a scaled-up, complex ED system. The experimental results from the two systems were compared.
{"title":"Comparative Study on Electrodialysis Systems for Galacturonic Acid Recovery","authors":"K. Bélafi-Bakó, E. Molnár, Z. Csanádi, N. Nemestóthy","doi":"10.1515/343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/343","url":null,"abstract":"Electrodialysis (ED) is an electromembrane separation process suitable for recovery of organic acids. In this work galacturonic acid (GA) obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of pectins from various sources was separated by a laboratory scale, two-step ED stack and a scaled-up, complex ED system. The experimental results from the two systems were compared.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87986983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Tóth, É. Lövitusz, N. Nemestóthy, K. Bélafi-Bakó
Hydrogen sulphide is one of the most important substances responsible for unpleasant odour emissions in gas phase. It is often formed in higher concentration beyond other sulphur containing volatile compounds like methane thiol (MT), dimethyl sulphide (DMS) and dimethyl disulphide (DMDS). Removal of hydrogen sulphide is usually carried out by physical-chemical methods (e.g. adsorption), but nowadays some bio-processes may be considered as promising alternatives. Certain sulphur oxidising thiobacteria can be successfully applied for hydrogen sulphide conversion from gaseous streams like biogas. Various strains have been applied so far for degradation of hydrogen sulphide, they belong mostly to the group of Thiobacillus, which are autotrophic microorganisms. These autotrophic bacteria have the drawback in application that they grow slower than the heterotrophic ones and it is more difficult to control their growth. A number of chemotrophs are suitable for the biodegradation of H2S. These bacteria grow and produce new cell material by using inorganic carbon (CO2) as a carbon source and chemical energy from the oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds such as H2S.The objective of the work described here was to study the ability of elimination of hydrogen sulphide by two chemotrophic microorganisms (Thiomonas intermedia, Thiobacillus thioparus) in a batch bioreactor. The other aim was the study of the immobilization of these bacteria to different supports.
{"title":"Biocatalytic Hydrogen Sulphide Removal from Gaseous Streams","authors":"G. Tóth, É. Lövitusz, N. Nemestóthy, K. Bélafi-Bakó","doi":"10.1515/347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/347","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen sulphide is one of the most important substances responsible for unpleasant odour emissions in gas phase. It is often formed in higher concentration beyond other sulphur containing volatile compounds like methane thiol (MT), dimethyl sulphide (DMS) and dimethyl disulphide (DMDS). Removal of hydrogen sulphide is usually carried out by physical-chemical methods (e.g. adsorption), but nowadays some bio-processes may be considered as promising alternatives. Certain sulphur oxidising thiobacteria can be successfully applied for hydrogen sulphide conversion from gaseous streams like biogas. Various strains have been applied so far for degradation of hydrogen sulphide, they belong mostly to the group of Thiobacillus, which are autotrophic microorganisms. These autotrophic bacteria have the drawback in application that they grow slower than the heterotrophic ones and it is more difficult to control their growth. A number of chemotrophs are suitable for the biodegradation of H2S. These bacteria grow and produce new cell material by using inorganic carbon (CO2) as a carbon source and chemical energy from the oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds such as H2S.The objective of the work described here was to study the ability of elimination of hydrogen sulphide by two chemotrophic microorganisms (Thiomonas intermedia, Thiobacillus thioparus) in a batch bioreactor. The other aim was the study of the immobilization of these bacteria to different supports.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80037543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The momentary amount of the available solar energy and the demand usually are not equal during the usage of solar energy for heating and electric power supply. So it is necessary to store the heat energy. This article shows optimal design of a new construction, sensible heat store filled with solid heat storage material. The planned heat store has cascade system formed a spiral flow-path layout. This is a conceptual model, worked out in case of packed bed with ceramic balls. The aim of the special layout is to realize better overall efficiency than regular sensible heat stores have. The new construction would like to get higher overall efficiency by long flow-way, powerful thermal stratification and spiral flow-path layout which can ensure lower heat loss. The article shows the calculation method of the simulation of the charge and discharge and the calculation method of the overall efficiency using the results of the simulations. The geometric sizes and operating parameters of the thermal energy store with the best overall efficiency were calculated using genetic algorithm (GA). The results of the calculation tasks show that a thermal energy store with long flow-way, with cascade system formed spiral flow-path layout has higher overall efficiency than an one-duct, short flow-way thermal energy store which has equal mass of solid heat storage material as the long flow-way one, mentioned before.
{"title":"Optimal Design of High-Temperature Thermal Energy Store Filled with Ceramic Balls","authors":"T. Borbély","doi":"10.1515/348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/348","url":null,"abstract":"The momentary amount of the available solar energy and the demand usually are not equal during the usage of solar energy for heating and electric power supply. So it is necessary to store the heat energy. This article shows optimal design of a new construction, sensible heat store filled with solid heat storage material. The planned heat store has cascade system formed a spiral flow-path layout. This is a conceptual model, worked out in case of packed bed with ceramic balls. The aim of the special layout is to realize better overall efficiency than regular sensible heat stores have. The new construction would like to get higher overall efficiency by long flow-way, powerful thermal stratification and spiral flow-path layout which can ensure lower heat loss. The article shows the calculation method of the simulation of the charge and discharge and the calculation method of the overall efficiency using the results of the simulations. The geometric sizes and operating parameters of the thermal energy store with the best overall efficiency were calculated using genetic algorithm (GA). The results of the calculation tasks show that a thermal energy store with long flow-way, with cascade system formed spiral flow-path layout has higher overall efficiency than an one-duct, short flow-way thermal energy store which has equal mass of solid heat storage material as the long flow-way one, mentioned before.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77514144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The need of environmental monitoring robots is imposed by nowadays trends related to sustainability – towards protecting the environment and the human factor. This research received a great amount of focus in the past years. The directions of study in this area of research will be overviewed in the next lines. They are varied and range from robots designed to monitor ammonia pollution near animal farms to robots which search for unexploded ordinance, or sources of leaks from pipes and tanks, and even to a collecting and segregating garbage robot which also monitors pollution while performing its other tasks. This paper describes a novel system that aims to explore dangerous sites (old mines, chemical plants, etc), where an autonomous ground robot and a micro unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are sent together to map the area in order to detect toxic gases. The new approach proposes a multi-robot architecture which uses a multi-sensor gas detection measurement unit which uses a Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm for 3D autonomous gas mapping. Current research is trying to shift the use of robots for gas detection from indoor environments towards the outdoors. There can be found several research directions with applications based on ecological robots.
{"title":"Prototype of a Multi-Robot System for Autonomous Gas Mapping in Polluted Environments","authors":"D. Lupea, I. Szoke, A. Majdik, G. Lazea","doi":"10.1515/418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/418","url":null,"abstract":"The need of environmental monitoring robots is imposed by nowadays trends related to sustainability – towards protecting the environment and the human factor. This research received a great amount of focus in the past years. The directions of study in this area of research will be overviewed in the next lines. They are varied and range from robots designed to monitor ammonia pollution near animal farms to robots which search for unexploded ordinance, or sources of leaks from pipes and tanks, and even to a collecting and segregating garbage robot which also monitors pollution while performing its other tasks. This paper describes a novel system that aims to explore dangerous sites (old mines, chemical plants, etc), where an autonomous ground robot and a micro unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are sent together to map the area in order to detect toxic gases. The new approach proposes a multi-robot architecture which uses a multi-sensor gas detection measurement unit which uses a Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm for 3D autonomous gas mapping. Current research is trying to shift the use of robots for gas detection from indoor environments towards the outdoors. There can be found several research directions with applications based on ecological robots.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74227274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The macro- and micro-geometric properties featuring the boundary surfaces of machine components are important for quality reasons. The comparison of surfaces is needed if the machined surface is to be matched to preset requirements or the same surface can be manufactured with different manufacturing processes or various measurement and surface testing methods are available, or the time variation of the surface is to be assessed. After the comparison, surface deviations must be numerically evaluated in relation to size, shape, position, and surface irregularity. Nowadays, surface irregularity tends to represent not only the unevenness of the surface but also the comparison of the real surface to a favourable microgeometric structure. Information on the actual surface is obtained through perception (optical or mechanical), and the nominal surface can be a mathematical model, a sample, or a previous condition of the surface in the form of any previous perception, or a previously made print of the surface (replica). During comparison, similarities and differences must be evaluated in terms of the key properties of the surface related to the operation of the given component. Comparison based on visual inspection is a suitable and acceptable method for a quick inspection, for identification of the parts of the component, and for detection of significant deviations. A technically more advanced method is image processing. Three dimensional properties of the surfaces can be evaluated with 3D geometric calculation methods and methods developed for surface roughness. The presentation introduces a method for comparing cylinder surfaces of an internal combustion engine and presents an example of the method currently used in automotive engineering applications.
{"title":"Methods of Surfaces Quality Comparison in Mechanical Engineering Applications","authors":"L. Solecki","doi":"10.1515/378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/378","url":null,"abstract":"The macro- and micro-geometric properties featuring the boundary surfaces of machine components are important for quality reasons. The comparison of surfaces is needed if the machined surface is to be matched to preset requirements or the same surface can be manufactured with different manufacturing processes or various measurement and surface testing methods are available, or the time variation of the surface is to be assessed. After the comparison, surface deviations must be numerically evaluated in relation to size, shape, position, and surface irregularity. Nowadays, surface irregularity tends to represent not only the unevenness of the surface but also the comparison of the real surface to a favourable microgeometric structure. Information on the actual surface is obtained through perception (optical or mechanical), and the nominal surface can be a mathematical model, a sample, or a previous condition of the surface in the form of any previous perception, or a previously made print of the surface (replica). During comparison, similarities and differences must be evaluated in terms of the key properties of the surface related to the operation of the given component. Comparison based on visual inspection is a suitable and acceptable method for a quick inspection, for identification of the parts of the component, and for detection of significant deviations. A technically more advanced method is image processing. Three dimensional properties of the surfaces can be evaluated with 3D geometric calculation methods and methods developed for surface roughness. The presentation introduces a method for comparing cylinder surfaces of an internal combustion engine and presents an example of the method currently used in automotive engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78392055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In practical terms of agricultural flights, the success of the mission has been largely determined by the airmanship, experience and visual reference of the pilot. By using microelectro-mechanical system (MEMS) devices, a complex onboard system can be designed which increases flight safety and improves the efficiency of pest control. With the help of dead reckoning navigation system using MEMS accelerometers and gyroscopes, the spatial attitude and geographic location of the aircraft can be obtained. By measuring the surrounding local air pressure and applying the mathematical model of particular aircraft types´ vortex and stream systems and the properties of the pesticides deployed the accuracy of the crop spraying can be improved while the spraying device can be operated automatically in a control loop. With real-time data processing the pesticide coverage is more uniform, the overlap spraying of the fields can be avoided, and the lateral distance limit between fields and urban built-up areas can be better controlled. It follows that the environmental load can be decreased and the usage of chemicals and pesticides can be optimized.
{"title":"On-Board Applicability of Mems-Based Autonomous Navigation System on Agricultural Aircrafts","authors":"P. Nádasi, I. Szabó","doi":"10.1515/416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/416","url":null,"abstract":"In practical terms of agricultural flights, the success of the mission has been largely determined by the airmanship, experience and visual reference of the pilot. By using microelectro-mechanical system (MEMS) devices, a complex onboard system can be designed which increases flight safety and improves the efficiency of pest control. With the help of dead reckoning navigation system using MEMS accelerometers and gyroscopes, the spatial attitude and geographic location of the aircraft can be obtained. By measuring the surrounding local air pressure and applying the mathematical model of particular aircraft types´ vortex and stream systems and the properties of the pesticides deployed the accuracy of the crop spraying can be improved while the spraying device can be operated automatically in a control loop. With real-time data processing the pesticide coverage is more uniform, the overlap spraying of the fields can be avoided, and the lateral distance limit between fields and urban built-up areas can be better controlled. It follows that the environmental load can be decreased and the usage of chemicals and pesticides can be optimized.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77537434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Damage in the joints may entail deterioration of life quality to a great extent. More than seven hundred thousand big joint (hip-, knee, etc.) prostheses are implanted annually in the world to improve the quality of life, and this number in Hungary amounts to approximately ten thousand. Currently the lifetime of the prosthesis is approximately 10 years. Unfortunately, prosthesis loosens beyond this period, thus replacement is needed. In this paper we present the geometric construction, modelling and Finite Element Analysis of the hip-joint prosthesis.
{"title":"Finite Element Method Analysis of Hip-Joint Prosthesis","authors":"R. Monostori, I. Dudás","doi":"10.1515/415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/415","url":null,"abstract":"Damage in the joints may entail deterioration of life quality to a great extent. More than seven hundred thousand big joint (hip-, knee, etc.) prostheses are implanted annually in the world to improve the quality of life, and this number in Hungary amounts to approximately ten thousand. Currently the lifetime of the prosthesis is approximately 10 years. Unfortunately, prosthesis loosens beyond this period, thus replacement is needed. In this paper we present the geometric construction, modelling and Finite Element Analysis of the hip-joint prosthesis.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84878197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The most essential purpose of the modern society is that it’s able to handle and find solution for environmental problems especially water pollution which is serious problem not only for present but future generation as well. As the load to our surface water has become more significant consequently a continuously increasing demand has been created for adequate water quality and quantity water. The Water Framework Directive is a long-term water policy of the European Union. Aim of WFD is the classification and protection of the water according to consistent viewpoints. Objectives of the researches are the identification and testing of the effects of the potential pollutants sources and critical sites in Sed (Veszprem) and in Sebes-Koros in Bekes.
{"title":"Some Design Issues of Multi-Plate Magnetorheological Clutches","authors":"D. Törőcsik","doi":"10.1515/380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/380","url":null,"abstract":"The most essential purpose of the modern society is that it’s able to handle and find solution for environmental problems especially water pollution which is serious problem not only for present but future generation as well. As the load to our surface water has become more significant consequently a continuously increasing demand has been created for adequate water quality and quantity water. The Water Framework Directive is a long-term water policy of the European Union. Aim of WFD is the classification and protection of the water according to consistent viewpoints. Objectives of the researches are the identification and testing of the effects of the potential pollutants sources and critical sites in Sed (Veszprem) and in Sebes-Koros in Bekes.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87589636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim was to develop vehicle-dynamic measurement and data collection tools in case of electric-drive vehicles. The system gives more detail oriented view of the driving stability of the alternative vehicles via the record of complex data.
{"title":"Development of a Vehicle-Dynamic Measurement and Information System","authors":"Ferenc Szauter, J. Szekely, E. Horvath","doi":"10.1515/429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/429","url":null,"abstract":"The aim was to develop vehicle-dynamic measurement and data collection tools in case of electric-drive vehicles. The system gives more detail oriented view of the driving stability of the alternative vehicles via the record of complex data.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79315578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The necessity to maintain mobility and the increasing energy- and environmentally sound demands necessitated the research, development and utilization of engine fuels from renewable resources. Because of the negative features of the already and generally applied bio-derived Diesel fuel, the biodiesel, it was necessary to research and develop other chemical processes that convert triglycerides through different reaction ways. These second generation bio-fuels are the bio gas oils, which are mixtures of n- and i-paraffins. Otherwise these hydrocarbons are the choice components of the fossil derived Diesel fuels. During the experimental work our aim was to investigate the heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of waste lard – as a renewable agro-derived feedstock – and by mixing it to deep desulphurized gas oil stream, respectively on PtPd/USY catalyst. In the course of it, we studied the effects of the process parameters (temperature: 300–380 °C, pressure 40-60-80 bar, LHSV: 0.75–1.25 h-1, H2/feedstock rate: 600 Nm3/m3) on the quality and quantity of the products. We determined that during the co-processing of lard and desulphurized gas oil, the saturation of the aromatic content and the deoxygenation of the triglyceride part of the feedstock -isoparaffins formed - took place, respectively and at process temperatures (360–380 °C) found to be favourable by us, excellent, bio-component containing and significantly dearomatized diesel fuel blending components could be obtained. These products meet the valid diesel gas oil standard EN 590:2009+A1:2010, except for their cold flow properties.
为了保持机动性和日益增长的对能源和环境无害的需求，必须研究、开发和利用来自可再生资源的发动机燃料。由于已经和普遍应用的生物柴油(生物柴油)的缺点，有必要研究和开发其他化学工艺，通过不同的反应方式转化甘油三酯。第二代生物燃料是生物气油，它是n-石蜡和i-石蜡的混合物。否则，这些碳氢化合物是化石衍生柴油燃料的首选成分。在实验工作中，我们的目的是研究废油作为一种可再生的农业原料，在PtPd/USY催化剂上分别混合到深度脱硫的油气流中进行多相催化加氢。在此过程中，我们研究了工艺参数(温度:300-380℃，压力40-60-80 bar, LHSV: 0.75-1.25 h-1, H2/进料量:600 Nm3/m3)对产品质量和数量的影响。我们确定，在猪油和脱硫气油的共加工过程中，分别发生了原料中芳烃含量的饱和和甘油三酯部分的脱氧-形成的异石蜡，并且在我们认为有利的工艺温度(360-380°C)下，可以获得优异的，含有生物成分和显著脱芳的柴油混合组分。这些产品符合有效的柴油汽油标准EN 590:2009+A1:2010，除了它们的冷流动性能。
{"title":"Investigation of the Hydroconversion of Lard and Lard-Gas Oil Mixture on PtPd/USY Catalyst","authors":"P. Baladincz, C. Tóth, S. Kovács, J. Hancsók","doi":"10.1515/374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/374","url":null,"abstract":"The necessity to maintain mobility and the increasing energy- and environmentally sound demands necessitated the research, development and utilization of engine fuels from renewable resources. Because of the negative features of the already and generally applied bio-derived Diesel fuel, the biodiesel, it was necessary to research and develop other chemical processes that convert triglycerides through different reaction ways. These second generation bio-fuels are the bio gas oils, which are mixtures of n- and i-paraffins. Otherwise these hydrocarbons are the choice components of the fossil derived Diesel fuels. During the experimental work our aim was to investigate the heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of waste lard – as a renewable agro-derived feedstock – and by mixing it to deep desulphurized gas oil stream, respectively on PtPd/USY catalyst. In the course of it, we studied the effects of the process parameters (temperature: 300–380 °C, pressure 40-60-80 bar, LHSV: 0.75–1.25 h-1, H2/feedstock rate: 600 Nm3/m3) on the quality and quantity of the products. We determined that during the co-processing of lard and desulphurized gas oil, the saturation of the aromatic content and the deoxygenation of the triglyceride part of the feedstock -isoparaffins formed - took place, respectively and at process temperatures (360–380 °C) found to be favourable by us, excellent, bio-component containing and significantly dearomatized diesel fuel blending components could be obtained. These products meet the valid diesel gas oil standard EN 590:2009+A1:2010, except for their cold flow properties.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81920083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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