Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1109/LMAG.2022.3159446
Melike Ergor;Ayhan Bingolbali
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a novel imaging technique that is a promising candidate for practical use in the medical field. The field-free line (FFL) selection field method in MPI provides spatial encoding along a line, resulting in a faster acquisition time and enhanced sensitivity with increased signal-to-noise ratio. To obtain FFL, a magnet system was designed using nested Halbach rings with octagonal-shaped permanent magnets. In this specific study, simulation studies were implemented using this magnet system for a real case. For this purpose, gradient values and stabilities of the magnet system were calculated. In this investigation, a gradient field within 60 mm stability was obtained along each axis. The gradient field attained values up to 6.1 T/m, which is a highly important parameter for spatial resolution in MPI systems.
{"title":"Field-Free Line Magnetic Particle Imaging Magnet Design Using Nested Halbach Cylinders","authors":"Melike Ergor;Ayhan Bingolbali","doi":"10.1109/LMAG.2022.3159446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMAG.2022.3159446","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a novel imaging technique that is a promising candidate for practical use in the medical field. The field-free line (FFL) selection field method in MPI provides spatial encoding along a line, resulting in a faster acquisition time and enhanced sensitivity with increased signal-to-noise ratio. To obtain FFL, a magnet system was designed using nested Halbach rings with octagonal-shaped permanent magnets. In this specific study, simulation studies were implemented using this magnet system for a real case. For this purpose, gradient values and stabilities of the magnet system were calculated. In this investigation, a gradient field within 60 mm stability was obtained along each axis. The gradient field attained values up to 6.1 T/m, which is a highly important parameter for spatial resolution in MPI systems.","PeriodicalId":13040,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Magnetics Letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67741219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-11DOI: 10.1109/LMAG.2022.3174514
Xuan Hu;Benjamin W. Walker;Felipe García-Sánchez;Alexander J. Edwards;Peng Zhou;Jean Anne C. Incorvia;Alexandru Paler;Michael P. Frank;Joseph S. Friedman
Magnetic skyrmions are nanoscale whirls of magnetism that can be propagated with electrical currents. The repulsion between skyrmions inspires their use for reversible computing based on the elastic billiard ball collisions proposed for conservative logic in 1982. In this letter, we evaluate the logical and physical reversibility of this skyrmion logic paradigm, as well as the limitations that must be addressed before dissipation-free computation can be realized.
{"title":"Logical and Physical Reversibility of Conservative Skyrmion Logic","authors":"Xuan Hu;Benjamin W. Walker;Felipe García-Sánchez;Alexander J. Edwards;Peng Zhou;Jean Anne C. Incorvia;Alexandru Paler;Michael P. Frank;Joseph S. Friedman","doi":"10.1109/LMAG.2022.3174514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMAG.2022.3174514","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic skyrmions are nanoscale whirls of magnetism that can be propagated with electrical currents. The repulsion between skyrmions inspires their use for reversible computing based on the elastic billiard ball collisions proposed for conservative logic in 1982. In this letter, we evaluate the logical and physical reversibility of this skyrmion logic paradigm, as well as the limitations that must be addressed before dissipation-free computation can be realized.","PeriodicalId":13040,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Magnetics Letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67740918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-11DOI: 10.1109/LMAG.2022.3174522
Emil R. Mamleyev;Achim Voigt;Ali Moazenzadeh;Jan G. Korvink;Manfred Kohl;Kirill Poletkin
In this letter, we report on a technological approach for miniaturization of a inductive levitating microsuspension based on nested three-dimensional (3-D) microcoil structures. In the developed approach, each 3-D microcoil is fabricated separately, beginning with the innermost and thus the smallest coil diameter of the nested microstructure. This helps to overcome fabrication restrictions due to the wire-bonding process and is primarily caused by the size of the bond-head and provides the opportunity to fabricate smaller nested 3-D microcoil structures. We fabricated a nested two-microcoil structure, the inner coil having a diameter of 1000 $mu$ m and 14 windings, the outer coil with a diameter of 1900 $mu$ m and eight windings, and demonstrated its application as an inductive levitating microsuspension. In particular, a fabricated 3-D inductive levitating microsuspension was able to levitate a 1100 $mu$ m diameter disc-shaped proof mass at a height up to 45 $mu$ m.
{"title":"A Technological Approach for Miniaturization of Three-Dimensional Inductive Levitation Microsuspensions","authors":"Emil R. Mamleyev;Achim Voigt;Ali Moazenzadeh;Jan G. Korvink;Manfred Kohl;Kirill Poletkin","doi":"10.1109/LMAG.2022.3174522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMAG.2022.3174522","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we report on a technological approach for miniaturization of a inductive levitating microsuspension based on nested three-dimensional (3-D) microcoil structures. In the developed approach, each 3-D microcoil is fabricated separately, beginning with the innermost and thus the smallest coil diameter of the nested microstructure. This helps to overcome fabrication restrictions due to the wire-bonding process and is primarily caused by the size of the bond-head and provides the opportunity to fabricate smaller nested 3-D microcoil structures. We fabricated a nested two-microcoil structure, the inner coil having a diameter of 1000 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m and 14 windings, the outer coil with a diameter of 1900 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m and eight windings, and demonstrated its application as an inductive levitating microsuspension. In particular, a fabricated 3-D inductive levitating microsuspension was able to levitate a 1100 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m diameter disc-shaped proof mass at a height up to 45 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m.","PeriodicalId":13040,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Magnetics Letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/5165412/9656771/09772963.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67741223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nitrogenation is an indispensable process for the formation of Sm 2 Fe 17 N 3 and has a major influence on its magnetic properties. In this work, the effect of nitrogenation on the magnetic properties of Sm 2 Fe 17 N 3 was investigated by micromagnetic simulation. The normal coercivity, remanence, and the maximum energy product of incompletely nitrided Sm 2 Fe 17 N 3 with a nonnitrided Sm 2 Fe 17 core size less than 16 nm approach nearly 99% of their values in fully nitrided Sm 2 Fe 17 N 3 . Thus, a small nonnitrided Sm 2 Fe 17 core does not affect the effective utilization of Sm 2 Fe 17 N 3 permanent magnets. The magnetization reversal mode of incompletely nitrided Sm 2 Fe 17 N 3 with different sizes of nonnitrided Sm 2 Fe 17 cores was evaluated, providing an in-depth fundamental understanding of the demagnetization processes in Sm 2 Fe 17 N 3 particles. This work could be useful for optimizing nitrogenation conditions to improve the magnetic properties of Sm 2 Fe 17 N 3 permanent magnets.
{"title":"Micromagnetic Simulation of Nitrogenation Effect on the Magnetic Properties of Sm2Fe17N3 Alloy","authors":"Zhi Yang;Yuanyuan Chen;Yuqing Li;Dongtao Zhang;Weiqiang Liu;Qingmei Lu;Qiong Wu;Hongguo Zhang;Ming Yue","doi":"10.1109/LMAG.2022.3158542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMAG.2022.3158542","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogenation is an indispensable process for the formation of Sm\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000Fe\u0000<sub>17</sub>\u0000N\u0000<sub>3</sub>\u0000 and has a major influence on its magnetic properties. In this work, the effect of nitrogenation on the magnetic properties of Sm\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000Fe\u0000<sub>17</sub>\u0000N\u0000<sub>3</sub>\u0000 was investigated by micromagnetic simulation. The normal coercivity, remanence, and the maximum energy product of incompletely nitrided Sm\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000Fe\u0000<sub>17</sub>\u0000N\u0000<sub>3</sub>\u0000 with a nonnitrided Sm\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000Fe\u0000<sub>17</sub>\u0000 core size less than 16 nm approach nearly 99% of their values in fully nitrided Sm\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000Fe\u0000<sub>17</sub>\u0000N\u0000<sub>3</sub>\u0000. Thus, a small nonnitrided Sm\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000Fe\u0000<sub>17</sub>\u0000 core does not affect the effective utilization of Sm\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000Fe\u0000<sub>17</sub>\u0000N\u0000<sub>3</sub>\u0000 permanent magnets. The magnetization reversal mode of incompletely nitrided Sm\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000Fe\u0000<sub>17</sub>\u0000N\u0000<sub>3</sub>\u0000 with different sizes of nonnitrided Sm\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000Fe\u0000<sub>17</sub>\u0000 cores was evaluated, providing an in-depth fundamental understanding of the demagnetization processes in Sm\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000Fe\u0000<sub>17</sub>\u0000N\u0000<sub>3</sub>\u0000 particles. This work could be useful for optimizing nitrogenation conditions to improve the magnetic properties of Sm\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000Fe\u0000<sub>17</sub>\u0000N\u0000<sub>3</sub>\u0000 permanent magnets.","PeriodicalId":13040,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Magnetics Letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67741244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-07DOI: 10.1109/LMAG.2022.3156857
Weilin Wang;Zhaonan Jin;Linliang Miao;Zhihao Yang;Sasa Mi;Yijie Qin;Xingzhong Yao;Jun Ou-Yang;Xiaofei Yang
In this letter, we present a novel algorithm to calculate attitude with data measured by a magnetometer and an accelerometer. The calculation error for the attitude angles is not affected by the external motion acceleration parallel to the plane, which is composed of the gravitational field and geomagnetic field. The simulation and actual experimental results have revealed that the algorithm improved the accuracy of the attitude estimated in roll or pitch angles for different flight directions compared with the arc-tangent attitude solution method. Our algorithm provides a new model for attitude estimation through a vector observation method and has excellent prospects in real-time, satellite-free geomagnetic navigation.
{"title":"Combined Attitude Determination for Real-Time Geomagnetic Navigation","authors":"Weilin Wang;Zhaonan Jin;Linliang Miao;Zhihao Yang;Sasa Mi;Yijie Qin;Xingzhong Yao;Jun Ou-Yang;Xiaofei Yang","doi":"10.1109/LMAG.2022.3156857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMAG.2022.3156857","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we present a novel algorithm to calculate attitude with data measured by a magnetometer and an accelerometer. The calculation error for the attitude angles is not affected by the external motion acceleration parallel to the plane, which is composed of the gravitational field and geomagnetic field. The simulation and actual experimental results have revealed that the algorithm improved the accuracy of the attitude estimated in roll or pitch angles for different flight directions compared with the arc-tangent attitude solution method. Our algorithm provides a new model for attitude estimation through a vector observation method and has excellent prospects in real-time, satellite-free geomagnetic navigation.","PeriodicalId":13040,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Magnetics Letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67741227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.1109/LMAG.2022.3155107
Branko M. Koprivica;Milan V. Plazinić
The aim of this letter is to present a prototyping measurement system for the characterization of ferromagnetic cores under a controlled magnetic field. The main part of the system is a short-circuited magnetizing coil that forms a relatively large square loop. The loop stands fixed in the vertical plane, and it is equipped on one side of the square with a connector for opening and closing of the loop. Thus, a ring-shaped core made of grain-oriented electrical steel can be placed around the loop and become magnetized. A number of measurements have been performed using the system to validate its applicability. Experiments were performed for the sinusoidal and triangular waveforms of the magnetic field, under quasistatic and dynamic conditions. In addition to the presentation of the measurement system, this letter also presents measured hysteresis loops and corresponding energy loss. Part of the results obtained with the presented method are compared with the results obtained using the standardized method. The main features of the measurement system are discussed.
{"title":"Measurement System for Characterization of Ferromagnetic Cores Under Controlled Magnetic Field Waveform","authors":"Branko M. Koprivica;Milan V. Plazinić","doi":"10.1109/LMAG.2022.3155107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMAG.2022.3155107","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this letter is to present a prototyping measurement system for the characterization of ferromagnetic cores under a controlled magnetic field. The main part of the system is a short-circuited magnetizing coil that forms a relatively large square loop. The loop stands fixed in the vertical plane, and it is equipped on one side of the square with a connector for opening and closing of the loop. Thus, a ring-shaped core made of grain-oriented electrical steel can be placed around the loop and become magnetized. A number of measurements have been performed using the system to validate its applicability. Experiments were performed for the sinusoidal and triangular waveforms of the magnetic field, under quasistatic and dynamic conditions. In addition to the presentation of the measurement system, this letter also presents measured hysteresis loops and corresponding energy loss. Part of the results obtained with the presented method are compared with the results obtained using the standardized method. The main features of the measurement system are discussed.","PeriodicalId":13040,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Magnetics Letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67741225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.1109/LMAG.2022.3152991
Punyashloka Debashis;Hai Li;Dmitri Nikonov;Ian Young
Generating high-quality random numbers with a Gaussian probability distribution function is an important and resource-consuming computational task for many applications in the fields of machine learning and Monte Carlo algorithms. Recently, complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)-based digital hardware architectures have been explored as specialized Gaussian random-number generators (GRNGs). These CMOS-based GRNGs have a large area and require entropy sources at their input that increase the computing cost. In this letter we present a GRNG that works on the principle of the Boltzmann law in a physical system made from an interconnected network of thermally unstable magnetic tunnel junctions. The presented hardware can produce multibit Gaussian random numbers at gigahertz speed and can be configured to generate distributions with a desired mean and variance. An analytical derivation of the required interconnection and bias strengths is provided, followed by numerical simulations to demonstrate the functionalities of the GRNG.
{"title":"Gaussian Random Number Generator With Reconfigurable Mean and Variance Using Stochastic Magnetic Tunnel Junctions","authors":"Punyashloka Debashis;Hai Li;Dmitri Nikonov;Ian Young","doi":"10.1109/LMAG.2022.3152991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMAG.2022.3152991","url":null,"abstract":"Generating high-quality random numbers with a Gaussian probability distribution function is an important and resource-consuming computational task for many applications in the fields of machine learning and Monte Carlo algorithms. Recently, complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)-based digital hardware architectures have been explored as specialized Gaussian random-number generators (GRNGs). These CMOS-based GRNGs have a large area and require entropy sources at their input that increase the computing cost. In this letter we present a GRNG that works on the principle of the Boltzmann law in a physical system made from an interconnected network of thermally unstable magnetic tunnel junctions. The presented hardware can produce multibit Gaussian random numbers at gigahertz speed and can be configured to generate distributions with a desired mean and variance. An analytical derivation of the required interconnection and bias strengths is provided, followed by numerical simulations to demonstrate the functionalities of the GRNG.","PeriodicalId":13040,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Magnetics Letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67740906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This letter presents a method to cancel magnetic field leakage while maintaining high power transfer efficiency (PTE) in multiple-input multiple-output wireless power transfer systems. To achieve low leakage and high PTE, the problem of PTE maximization under the cancellation condition of the magnetic field leakage is solved, which is a maximization problem of affinely constrained Rayleigh quotients. Subsequently, the optimal amplitudes and phases of the input voltages at the transmitter array and the optimal load impedances at the receivers are shown. This method can further reduce the magnetic field leakage by up to 31 dB compared with the PTE maximization method, while having a PTE drop within 5.5%.
{"title":"Magnetic Field Leakage Cancellation in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Wireless Power Transfer Systems","authors":"Daisuke Kobuchi;Kentaro Matsuura;Yoshiaki Narusue;Hiroyuki Morikawa","doi":"10.1109/LMAG.2022.3151065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMAG.2022.3151065","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a method to cancel magnetic field leakage while maintaining high power transfer efficiency (PTE) in multiple-input multiple-output wireless power transfer systems. To achieve low leakage and high PTE, the problem of PTE maximization under the cancellation condition of the magnetic field leakage is solved, which is a maximization problem of affinely constrained Rayleigh quotients. Subsequently, the optimal amplitudes and phases of the input voltages at the transmitter array and the optimal load impedances at the receivers are shown. This method can further reduce the magnetic field leakage by up to 31 dB compared with the PTE maximization method, while having a PTE drop within 5.5%.","PeriodicalId":13040,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Magnetics Letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67902631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spintronic logic devices have attracted attention because of the prospect of breaking the von Neumann bottleneck through nonvolatile in-memory computing. Although varieties of spin Boolean logic gates have been proposed, spintronic arithmetic logic units such as adders have not been extensively studied because of the difficulties in application of the cascade method of CMOS-based logic in spintronic devices. We experimentally demonstrated a spintronic full adder based on the anomalous Hall effect and geometrical tuning magnetization switching driven by spin-orbit torque. The anomalous Hall effect of magnetic bits was enhanced by nonlinear elements with N-type negative differential resistance to control the on/off state of mosfet s, which determined the write voltage of the memory unit. The magnetizations of the memory bits in the memory unit were switched one by one as write voltage increased because of geometry difference. The order of magnetization switching caused the response of the anomalous Hall voltage of the memory unit to the input configurations to conform with the logic function of the full adder. The computation function of the full adder combined with memory writing was experimentally realized with only seven magnetic bits and two steps. The reduced number of magnetic bits and time steps indicated the efficiency of space and time of our device, which is beneficial for practical applications.
{"title":"Magnetic Full Adder Based on Negative Differential Resistance-Enhanced Anomalous Hall Effect","authors":"Ziyao Lu;Hongming Mou;Yuchen Pu;Yan Wen;Xixiang Zhang;Xiaozhong Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LMAG.2022.3146132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMAG.2022.3146132","url":null,"abstract":"Spintronic logic devices have attracted attention because of the prospect of breaking the von Neumann bottleneck through nonvolatile in-memory computing. Although varieties of spin Boolean logic gates have been proposed, spintronic arithmetic logic units such as adders have not been extensively studied because of the difficulties in application of the cascade method of CMOS-based logic in spintronic devices. We experimentally demonstrated a spintronic full adder based on the anomalous Hall effect and geometrical tuning magnetization switching driven by spin-orbit torque. The anomalous Hall effect of magnetic bits was enhanced by nonlinear elements with N-type negative differential resistance to control the \u0000<sc>on/off</small>\u0000 state of \u0000<sc>mosfet</small>\u0000s, which determined the write voltage of the memory unit. The magnetizations of the memory bits in the memory unit were switched one by one as write voltage increased because of geometry difference. The order of magnetization switching caused the response of the anomalous Hall voltage of the memory unit to the input configurations to conform with the logic function of the full adder. The computation function of the full adder combined with memory writing was experimentally realized with only seven magnetic bits and two steps. The reduced number of magnetic bits and time steps indicated the efficiency of space and time of our device, which is beneficial for practical applications.","PeriodicalId":13040,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Magnetics Letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67741207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Logic-in-memory (LIM) structures are promising candidates to obviate limitations of the conventional von Neumann architecture, especially in big data applications, such as image processing. In this paradigm, simple logic operations are embedded in memory to perform basic processes and consequently decrease the workload of the main processor. This letter presents an efficient hybrid fin field-effect transistor and magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) logic structure compatible with all kinds of memory and which performs nor/or and nand/and operations. The design utilizes MTJs to obtain different voltage levels and two sense amplifiers to generate the outputs. Simulation results assert that the design improves the delay and power by 33% and 20%, respectively, compared to its state-of-the-art counterparts. Moreover, the magnetic LIM structure is appropriately utilized in image processing applications, such as minimum and maximum image filters, for preparing intermediate data. In the case study, high-level simulations indicate that the design reduces the delay and power by 31% and 21%, respectively.
{"title":"Toward Efficient Logic-in-Memory Computing With Magnetic Reconfigurable Logic Circuits","authors":"Farzad Razi;Mohammad Hossein Moaiyeri;Siamak Mohammadi","doi":"10.1109/LMAG.2022.3146060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMAG.2022.3146060","url":null,"abstract":"Logic-in-memory (LIM) structures are promising candidates to obviate limitations of the conventional von Neumann architecture, especially in big data applications, such as image processing. In this paradigm, simple logic operations are embedded in memory to perform basic processes and consequently decrease the workload of the main processor. This letter presents an efficient hybrid fin field-effect transistor and magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) logic structure compatible with all kinds of memory and which performs \u0000<sc>nor/or</small>\u0000 and \u0000<sc>nand/and</small>\u0000 operations. The design utilizes MTJs to obtain different voltage levels and two sense amplifiers to generate the outputs. Simulation results assert that the design improves the delay and power by 33% and 20%, respectively, compared to its state-of-the-art counterparts. Moreover, the magnetic LIM structure is appropriately utilized in image processing applications, such as minimum and maximum image filters, for preparing intermediate data. In the case study, high-level simulations indicate that the design reduces the delay and power by 31% and 21%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13040,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Magnetics Letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67741208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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