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Magnetic-Particle-Discrimination Method Using Difference of Relaxation Time for Magnetic Particle Imaging 基于弛豫时间差的磁粉成像鉴别方法
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.1109/LMAG.2023.3243493
Kota Nomura;Masaomi Washino;Tetsuya Matsuda;Shun Tonooka;Seino Satoshi;H. Yoshida;K. Nishigaki;Takashi Nakagawa;Toshihiko Kiwa
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an imaging modality that directly detects the nonlinear responses of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Spatial encoding is achieved by saturating the magnetic moment of MNPs almost everywhere except in a special point called the field-free region in which a magnetic field vanishes. Recently, MPI sensitivity was improved using a field-free line (FFL) in which a field-free region was formed as a line. An MPI with an FFL device was developed using a neodymium magnet and an iron yoke to image objects with a small amount of MNPs, such as in biological systems. We have been developing MPI equipment for detecting amyloid-β, a causative agent of Alzheimer's disease. We attached amyloid-β probes to nanoparticles. In our development, we discriminated between magnetic particles that are bound to biological tissue from those that are suspended in the brain. We focused on the differences in relaxation times due to the change in the hydrodynamic diameter between the bound and unbound particles. Because the bound particles have a larger apparent particle size and do not rotate when an ac magnetic field is applied, the relaxation time is different from the unbound particles. Since the differences in the responses to the ac magnetic field appear as relaxation times, we investigated a particle-discrimination method using these differences and studied the magnetization response of MNPs using our developed MPI device.
磁粉成像(MPI)是一种直接检测磁性纳米颗粒(MNP)非线性响应的成像方式。空间编码是通过使MNP的磁矩几乎在任何地方饱和来实现的,除了在一个被称为磁场消失的无场区域的特殊点。最近,使用其中无场区域形成为线的无场线(FFL)来提高MPI灵敏度。使用钕磁体和铁轭开发了一种带有FFL设备的MPI,用于对具有少量MNP的物体进行成像,例如在生物系统中。我们一直在开发MPI设备来检测淀粉样蛋白-β,一种阿尔茨海默病的病原体。我们将淀粉样蛋白-β探针连接到纳米颗粒上。在我们的发展过程中,我们区分了与生物组织结合的磁性粒子和悬浮在大脑中的磁性粒子。我们重点研究了由于结合粒子和未结合粒子之间流体动力学直径的变化而导致的弛豫时间的差异。由于结合粒子具有较大的表观粒径,并且在施加交流磁场时不旋转,因此弛豫时间与未结合粒子不同。由于对交流磁场的响应差异表现为弛豫时间,我们研究了一种利用这些差异的粒子判别方法,并使用我们开发的MPI设备研究了MNP的磁化响应。
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引用次数: 0
Magnetic Structural Analysis of Nanocrystalline Soft Magnets by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering 用小角度中子散射法分析纳米晶软磁体的磁结构
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-02-03 DOI: 10.1109/LMAG.2023.3242108
Hiroaki Mamiya;Yojiro Oba;Kosuke Hiroi;Takayuki Miyatake;Ravi Gautam;Hossein Sepehri-Amin;Tadakatsu Ohkubo
Nanocrystalline soft magnets have attracted significant attention for their improvement of energy conversion devices. It has been considered that the partial nanocrystallization of amorphous structures is a key to macroscopic magnetic softness. However, the mechanism has not been clarified because of inadequate knowledge of the magnetic nanostructures connecting microscopic crystalline structures and macroscopic magnetic properties. Here, we performed small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) for Fe85Si2B8P4Cu1 alloy ribbons (NANOMETs). Rapidly quenched ribbons were annealed at 375 °C and 400 °C for 5 min. The X-ray diffraction pattern for the as-quenched ribbons did not exhibit peaks. Therefore, their atomic structure can be considered amorphous. Oppositely, evident α-iron peaks were observed for the ribbons annealed at 375 °C and 400 °C. The nuclear scattering contribution in SANS indicates that the precipitations were formed with sizes in the nanoscale. The magnetic scattering contribution in SANS for the as-quenched ribbon, whose intensity decreased with an increase in the scattering vector q in proportion to q−4, disappeared when magnetic fields were applied. This behavior is consistent with the conventional magnetic domain picture. Oppositely, the reduction rates of the magnetic scattering contribution for q were nonmonotonous for the nanocrystallized ribbons. Furthermore, strong magnetic scattering was observed in the directions inclined to the magnetic field. This feature is similar to that reported for Fe–(Nb, Zr)–B alloy ribbons (NANOPERMs). The knowledge on the magnetic nanostructures characterized by the unusual angular dependence of magnetic scattering would be helpful to considering the relationship between partially nanocrystallized structure and macroscopic soft magnetic properties.
纳米晶体软磁体由于其对能量转换器件的改进而引起了人们的极大关注。非晶结构的部分纳米化被认为是宏观磁柔软度的关键。然而,由于对连接微观晶体结构和宏观磁性的磁性纳米结构了解不足,该机制尚未阐明。在这里,我们对Fe85Si2B8P4Cu1合金带(NANOMETs)进行了小角度中子散射(SANS)。快淬薄带在375℃退火 °C和400 持续5分钟。淬火后的带状物的X射线衍射图没有显示出峰值。因此,它们的原子结构可以被认为是无定形的。相反,在375℃退火的薄带上观察到明显的α-铁峰 °C和400 °C。SANS中的核散射贡献表明沉淀是以纳米级的尺寸形成的。当施加磁场时,淬火带的SANS中的磁散射贡献消失了,其强度随着散射矢量q的增加而降低,与q−4成比例。这种行为与传统的磁畴图像一致。相反,对于纳米晶体带,q的磁散射贡献的降低率是非单调的。此外,在倾斜于磁场的方向上观察到强磁散射。该特征与报道的Fe–(Nb,Zr)–B合金带(NANOPERM)的特征相似。关于以磁散射的异常角度依赖性为特征的磁性纳米结构的知识将有助于考虑部分纳米化结构与宏观软磁性能之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Hybrid MTJ/CNTFET-Based Binary Synapse and Neuron for Process-in-Memory Architecture 基于混合MTJ/CNTFET的二元突触和神经元在存储器结构中的处理
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-01-19 DOI: 10.1109/LMAG.2023.3238271
Milad Tanavardi Nasab;Arefe Amirany;Mohammad Hossein Moaiyeri;Kian Jafari
This letter develops a reliable, integrated binary synapse and neuron model for hardware implementation of binary neural networks. Thanks to the nonvolatile nature of magnetic tunnel junctions and the unique features of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors, the modeled design does not require external memory to store weights and also consumes low static power. Also, due to the circuit structure, which did not use sequential parts, the developed circuit is immune to soft error. Because, in binary neural networks, weights are limited to two values of −1 and 1, the occurrence of soft errors dramatically reduces the accuracy of the network. Simulation results indicate that the design in this work consumes at least 9% lower power, occupies 34% lower area, and offers a 49% lower power delay area product. Also, Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to study the effect of the process variation on the network. The result of the Monte Carlo simulations shows that the proposed neuron has no logical error in 10 000 simulations. Consequently, the accuracy of the network utilization by the neuron is equal to the software-implemented network and does not decrease even in the presence of process variations.
这封信为二进制神经网络的硬件实现开发了一个可靠的、集成的二进制突触和神经元模型。由于磁性隧道结的非易失性和碳纳米管场效应晶体管的独特特性,建模设计不需要外部存储器来存储重量,并且还消耗低静态功率。此外,由于电路结构不使用顺序部件,所开发的电路不受软错误的影响。因为在二进制神经网络中,权重被限制为−1和1这两个值,所以软误差的出现大大降低了网络的精度。仿真结果表明,本文的设计功耗至少降低了9%,占用了34%的面积,并提供了49%的低功耗延迟面积产品。此外,还进行了蒙特卡罗模拟,以研究过程变化对网络的影响。蒙特卡罗模拟结果表明,所提出的神经元在10 000个模拟。因此,神经元利用网络的精度与软件实现的网络相同,并且即使在存在过程变化的情况下也不会降低。
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引用次数: 1
Impact of Array Length on Particle Attraction in Magnetic Drug Targeting: Investigation Using an Exponential Approximation of the Magnetic Field 阵列长度对磁性药物靶向中粒子吸引力的影响:利用磁场的指数近似研究
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-01-16 DOI: 10.1109/LMAG.2023.3237384
Angelika S. Thalmayer;Kilian Götz;Samuel Zeising;Georg Fischer
In magnetic drug targeting, special magnetic nanoparticles that carry the anticancer drug are injected into the cardiovascular system in the vicinity of the tumor and are navigated into the tumor using a magnetic field. Many researchers optimize single magnets for this purpose; however, magnetic arrays that are placed parallel to the vessel in order to increase the impact time of the magnetic force on the particles are also discussed. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the improvement by the increased impact time has not been studied in detail so far and, thus, will be addressed in this work. In this context, an artificial exponential magnetic field that approximates the field of a Halbach array and acts as an upper limit consideration is applied to different impact lengths within a predefined magnetic domain. To compare the impact of the field parameters, the total magnetic energetic effort is kept constant as a reference for studying variations of impact length. The results reveal that a longer impact length increases the attraction performance enormously. However, for the same magnetic effort, a longer impact length with a lower magnetic field strength leads to the same attraction of the particles as a shorter one with higher field strengths. Since it is easier to generate lower field strengths, the usage of arrays to realize a longer impact length is preferable.
在磁性药物靶向中,携带抗癌药物的特殊磁性纳米颗粒被注射到肿瘤附近的心血管系统中,并使用磁场导航到肿瘤中。许多研究人员为此优化了单个磁体;然而,为了增加磁力对粒子的冲击时间,还讨论了平行于容器放置的磁性阵列。据作者所知,到目前为止,还没有详细研究撞击时间增加带来的改善,因此,本工作将对此进行讨论。在这种情况下,近似于Halbach阵列的场并作为上限考虑的人工指数磁场被应用于预定义磁畴内的不同冲击长度。为了比较场参数的影响,总磁能作用力保持不变,作为研究冲击长度变化的参考。结果表明,较长的冲击长度会极大地提高吸引力。然而,对于相同的磁力,具有较低磁场强度的较长冲击长度会导致与具有较高磁场强度的较短冲击长度相同的粒子吸引力。由于更容易产生较低的场强,因此优选使用阵列来实现较长的冲击长度。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of Impact of the Annealing on Magnetothermal Properties of Zn0.2Mn0.8Fe2O4 Nanoparticles 退火对Zn0.2Mn0.8Fe2O4纳米颗粒磁热性能影响的研究
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1109/LMAG.2022.3233222
Nan N. Liu;Yulia A. Alekhina;Alexander P. Pyatakov;Nikolai S. Perov;Boris B. Kovalev;Gleb B. Sukhorukov;Alexander M. Tishin;Tomomasa Moriwaki;Kenta Nakazawa;Yuko Ichiyanagi
Magnetic and magnetothermal properties of annealed Zn0.2Mn0.8Fe2O4 nanoparticles with diameter value, ranging from 9 to 35 nm, have been investigated and compared with earlier investigated unannealed Zn0.2Mn0.8Fe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). A single-phase spinel structure was observed in both types of MNPs. It has been demonstrated that for the large annealed Zn0.2Mn0.8Fe2O4 nanoparticles (24.7, 31.4, 35.1 nm) the value of specific absorption rate (SAR) is proportional to the amplitude of the magnetic field as ∼H4. However, for earlier investigated unannealed Zn0.2Mn0.8Fe2O4 MNPs, superquadratic dependence SAR ∼H5 have been found starting from 13 nm. Significant change of dependence of the character of SAR(d) may be explained by low values of hysteresis area of small annealed MNPs and, thus, dominant role of Néel relaxation in these annealed Zn0.2Mn0.8Fe2O4 nanoparticles.
研究了直径值为9至35nm的退火Zn0.2Mn0.8Fe2O4纳米颗粒的磁性和磁热性能,并与早期研究的未退火Zn0.2Mn0.8Fe2O4-磁性纳米颗粒(MNPs)进行了比较。在两种类型的MNP中都观察到单相尖晶石结构。已经证明,对于大的退火Zn0.2Mn0.8Fe2O4纳米颗粒(24.7,31.4,35.1nm),比吸收率(SAR)的值与磁场的振幅成正比,为~H4。然而,对于早期研究的未退火Zn0.2Mn0.8Fe2O4 MNP,已经发现从13 nm开始的超二次依赖SAR~H5。SAR(d)特性依赖性的显著变化可以通过小退火MNP的磁滞面积的低值来解释,因此,Néel弛豫在这些退火Zn0.2Mn0.8Fe2O4纳米颗粒中的主导作用。
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引用次数: 0
IEEE Magnetics Society Information IEEE 磁学学会信息
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/LMAG.2024.3360173
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引用次数: 0
2023 Index IEEE Magnetics Letters Vol. 14 2023 Index IEEE Magnetics Letters Vol.
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/LMAG.2024.3372428
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IEEE Magnetics Letters Publication Information IEEE Magnetics Letters 出版信息
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/LMAG.2024.3360177
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About the Cover 关于封面
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/LMAG.2024.3360169
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TechRxiv: Share Your Preprint Research with the World! TechRxiv:与世界分享您的预印本研究成果!
IF 1.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/LMAG.2024.3379164
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引用次数: 0
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IEEE Magnetics Letters
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