Cet article examine un moment important, mais peu analyse, de l’oeuvre de Chris Marker : la publication de son essai Giraudoux par lui-meme (1952). Cet essai, dans le contexte singulier des annees d’apres-guerre en France, marquee par l’hegemonie intellectuelle de Jean-Paul Sartre et de ses proches, permet d’interroger les prises de position de Chris Marker. Pourquoi cette entreprise de patrimonialisation de Giraudoux est-elle menee a cette periode? Que revelent cette relecture de Giraudoux, alors un ecrivain oublie, et sa reception par la critique, au regard du parcours de Chris Marker, et des positions de ses allies d’alors, la revue Esprit et les Editions du Seuil (l’editeur du livre dans la serie « Ecrivains de toujours »)?
这篇文章回顾了克里斯·马克作品中一个重要但很少分析的时刻:他的散文《吉罗杜》(1952)的出版。这篇文章，在战后法国的特殊背景下，以让-保罗·萨特和他的亲戚的知识霸权为标志，允许质疑克里斯·马克的立场。为什么吉罗杜的世袭企业要在这个时期进行?根据克里斯·马克(Chris Marker)的职业生涯，以及他当时的盟友、《精神》(spirit)杂志和《永远的作家》(Ecrivains de toujours)的出版商Editions du Seuil的立场，对吉罗杜(Giraudoux)的重读揭示了什么?
{"title":"Lectures biographiques et consécrations croisées : pourquoi Chris Marker fait-il de Jean Giraudoux un « écrivain de toujours »?","authors":"Hervé Serry","doi":"10.7202/1035761AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1035761AR","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article examine un moment important, mais peu analyse, de l’oeuvre de Chris Marker : la publication de son essai Giraudoux par lui-meme (1952). Cet essai, dans le contexte singulier des annees d’apres-guerre en France, marquee par l’hegemonie intellectuelle de Jean-Paul Sartre et de ses proches, permet d’interroger les prises de position de Chris Marker. Pourquoi cette entreprise de patrimonialisation de Giraudoux est-elle menee a cette periode? Que revelent cette relecture de Giraudoux, alors un ecrivain oublie, et sa reception par la critique, au regard du parcours de Chris Marker, et des positions de ses allies d’alors, la revue Esprit et les Editions du Seuil (l’editeur du livre dans la serie « Ecrivains de toujours »)?","PeriodicalId":130512,"journal":{"name":"Mémoires du livre / Studies in Book Culture","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122336080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The End of Religion and the Death of the Book","authors":"Scott McLaren","doi":"10.7202/1032705AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1032705AR","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":130512,"journal":{"name":"Mémoires du livre / Studies in Book Culture","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123314905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay argues that books, broadly defined to include print and internet publications, played a crucial role in the cultural mainstreaming, including adoption by public schools, of non-Christian religious practices such as yoga and meditation. Promotional books, tactically and ironically, played on the textual bias of Christianity, and especially Protestantism, to re-brand practices borrowed from religious traditions such as Hinduism and Buddhism, as scientific techniques for exercise and stress-reduction, thereby reintegrating religion into public education. The essay begins with a brief history of religion in U.S. and Canadian public education, explains the textual bias of North American assumptions about religion, and analyzes how twentieth-century promoters of practice-centered religions tactically wielded books to increase public acceptance of non-Christian religious practices. The essay focuses on two twenty-first-century examples of religion-based, textually mediated public-school curricula: the Sonima Foundation’s Health and Wellness program of Ashtanga yoga and The Hawn Foundation’s MindUP program of mindfulness meditation.
{"title":"Textual Erasures of Religion: The Power of Books to Redefine Yoga and Mindfulness Meditation as Secular Wellness Practices in North American Public Schools","authors":"C. G. Brown","doi":"10.7202/1032713AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1032713AR","url":null,"abstract":"This essay argues that books, broadly defined to include print and internet publications, played a crucial role in the cultural mainstreaming, including adoption by public schools, of non-Christian religious practices such as yoga and meditation. Promotional books, tactically and ironically, played on the textual bias of Christianity, and especially Protestantism, to re-brand practices borrowed from religious traditions such as Hinduism and Buddhism, as scientific techniques for exercise and stress-reduction, thereby reintegrating religion into public education. The essay begins with a brief history of religion in U.S. and Canadian public education, explains the textual bias of North American assumptions about religion, and analyzes how twentieth-century promoters of practice-centered religions tactically wielded books to increase public acceptance of non-Christian religious practices. The essay focuses on two twenty-first-century examples of religion-based, textually mediated public-school curricula: the Sonima Foundation’s Health and Wellness program of Ashtanga yoga and The Hawn Foundation’s MindUP program of mindfulness meditation.","PeriodicalId":130512,"journal":{"name":"Mémoires du livre / Studies in Book Culture","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116040587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When the Revolutionary government in France declared Freedom of the Press in 1789 it did not anticipate the flow of counter-revolutionary pamphlets attacking its decision to nationalize the French Church and require all clergy to swear an oath to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. This article examines the conditions surrounding the printing of these religious pamphlets by investigating the career of one provincial printer in the border town of Metz—Jean-Baptiste Collignon—who worked with emigre bishops to produce them and who was guillotined in 1794 for counterrevolutionary activities. The authors explore the production and distribution of religious pamphlets, the ideological commitment of revolutionary printers, and the regional nature of censorship in the early French Revolution.
{"title":"Religious Books, the French Revolution and the Printer Jean-Baptiste Collignon in Metz","authors":"Jane Mcleod, René Girard","doi":"10.7202/1032710AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1032710AR","url":null,"abstract":"When the Revolutionary government in France declared Freedom of the Press in 1789 it did not anticipate the flow of counter-revolutionary pamphlets attacking its decision to nationalize the French Church and require all clergy to swear an oath to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. This article examines the conditions surrounding the printing of these religious pamphlets by investigating the career of one provincial printer in the border town of Metz—Jean-Baptiste Collignon—who worked with emigre bishops to produce them and who was guillotined in 1794 for counterrevolutionary activities. The authors explore the production and distribution of religious pamphlets, the ideological commitment of revolutionary printers, and the regional nature of censorship in the early French Revolution.","PeriodicalId":130512,"journal":{"name":"Mémoires du livre / Studies in Book Culture","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128638941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay examines the preparation, distribution, and reception of Christian literature in nineteenth-century India. To the missionaries, the contemporary publishing landscape lacked any moral content. The output of Indian-owned presses, dominated by religious works, was contemptible; the popular literature imported from Europe deplored; and “infidel” works feared for their potential to turn Indians against all religion. To battle all this, the urgency to prepare a “moral” literature was at the heart of the evangelical project. Indian Christian works ranged from Bible translation into regional languages to all kinds of “support” literature. Various channels were used to distribute this literature, both individual and institutional. Counter-attacks were mounted by India’s own religious communities, turning the missionaries’ own methods against them.
{"title":"A Slow, Not Swift, Battle of the Books: Christian Literature in Nineteenth-Century India","authors":"G. Shaw","doi":"10.7202/1032709AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1032709AR","url":null,"abstract":"This essay examines the preparation, distribution, and reception of Christian literature in nineteenth-century India. To the missionaries, the contemporary publishing landscape lacked any moral content. The output of Indian-owned presses, dominated by religious works, was contemptible; the popular literature imported from Europe deplored; and “infidel” works feared for their potential to turn Indians against all religion. To battle all this, the urgency to prepare a “moral” literature was at the heart of the evangelical project. Indian Christian works ranged from Bible translation into regional languages to all kinds of “support” literature. Various channels were used to distribute this literature, both individual and institutional. Counter-attacks were mounted by India’s own religious communities, turning the missionaries’ own methods against them.","PeriodicalId":130512,"journal":{"name":"Mémoires du livre / Studies in Book Culture","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126376624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An “iconic book” is a text revered primarily as an object of power rather than just as words of instruction, information, or insight. The emerging study of iconic books and texts draws especially on comparative scriptures studies (e.g. Graham, Watts) and icon theory (e.g. Brown, Parmenter) to develop frameworks for understanding the ritual production, display, and manipulation of material texts. People usually assume that books and other kinds of texts gain iconic status secondarily, after their semantic contents gain influence and prestige. That assumption is called into question by the study of the form and functions of ancient Near Eastern texts, many of which were created for iconic use. Iconic ritualization was also a key factor in creating the first Western scripture, the Jewish Torah. It narrates the gift of divinely written tablets to Moses, tablets that are never read but rather enshrined in a book reliquary (the Ark of the Covenant) that represents God’s presence with Israel. Simultaneously, Moses writes scrolls of Torah (law or instruction) that accompany the Ark of the Covenant, report on the tablets’ origins and contents, among other things, and must be read aloud regularly to the entire people of Israel. Jewish tradition soon came to regard the Torah, too, as written in heaven. In this way, iconic display joined ritualized performance and semantic interpretation as engines for scripturalizing Torah in antiquity as well as the Bibles that incorporated it in later periods.
{"title":"Iconic Scriptures from Decalogue to Bible","authors":"James Watts","doi":"10.7202/1032712AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1032712AR","url":null,"abstract":"An “iconic book” is a text revered primarily as an object of power rather than just as words of instruction, information, or insight. The emerging study of iconic books and texts draws especially on comparative scriptures studies (e.g. Graham, Watts) and icon theory (e.g. Brown, Parmenter) to develop frameworks for understanding the ritual production, display, and manipulation of material texts. People usually assume that books and other kinds of texts gain iconic status secondarily, after their semantic contents gain influence and prestige. That assumption is called into question by the study of the form and functions of ancient Near Eastern texts, many of which were created for iconic use. Iconic ritualization was also a key factor in creating the first Western scripture, the Jewish Torah. It narrates the gift of divinely written tablets to Moses, tablets that are never read but rather enshrined in a book reliquary (the Ark of the Covenant) that represents God’s presence with Israel. Simultaneously, Moses writes scrolls of Torah (law or instruction) that accompany the Ark of the Covenant, report on the tablets’ origins and contents, among other things, and must be read aloud regularly to the entire people of Israel. Jewish tradition soon came to regard the Torah, too, as written in heaven. In this way, iconic display joined ritualized performance and semantic interpretation as engines for scripturalizing Torah in antiquity as well as the Bibles that incorporated it in later periods.","PeriodicalId":130512,"journal":{"name":"Mémoires du livre / Studies in Book Culture","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123350885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article describes the editorial practices that Jonathan Edwards and John Wesley brought to their respective editions of The Life of David Brainerd, explains how those practices were informed by their opposing theological stances towards salvation, and traces the circulation and reception of each edition back to those theological stances. Finally, the article invokes classic models of the methodology of book history and recent work on the circulation of nineteenth-century evangelical publications, arguing that an understanding of the kind of theological editing eighteenth-century figures like Edwards and Wesley took can better help us to articulate nineteenth- and twentieth- (and twenty-first) century attitudes and assumptions about agency and material texts.
{"title":"The Life of The Life of David Brainerd: Agency, Evangelicalism, and Book History","authors":"J. Snead","doi":"10.7202/1032707AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1032707AR","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the editorial practices that Jonathan Edwards and John Wesley brought to their respective editions of The Life of David Brainerd, explains how those practices were informed by their opposing theological stances towards salvation, and traces the circulation and reception of each edition back to those theological stances. Finally, the article invokes classic models of the methodology of book history and recent work on the circulation of nineteenth-century evangelical publications, arguing that an understanding of the kind of theological editing eighteenth-century figures like Edwards and Wesley took can better help us to articulate nineteenth- and twentieth- (and twenty-first) century attitudes and assumptions about agency and material texts.","PeriodicalId":130512,"journal":{"name":"Mémoires du livre / Studies in Book Culture","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114755320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores how freethinkers received John Bunyan and read his works in Victorian Britain. An analysis of freethinking periodicals, letters to editors, lectures, essays, and autobiography reveals a vexed relationship that was anything but monolithic. There emerged two distinct reading communities within organized freethought. Some freethinkers, especially in the early nineteenth century, rejected Bunyan as another representation of irrational religious faith that was a hindrance to societal reform. However, other freethinkers appropriated his works and used him as a valuable resource for understanding their own experiences with religion as well as for communicating their message. I demonstrate that these contrasting positions resulted from interpretive strategies that stem from fundamental assumptions regarding how the project of secularism ought to interact with Britain’s predominantly Christian culture. It corresponds to an ongoing negotiation of meaning within organized freethought that reflects internal fissures, as well as a rapidly changing British society.
{"title":"The Atheist Bunyan: The Pilgrim’s Progress and Organized Freethought in Victorian Britain","authors":"David Reagles","doi":"10.7202/1032706AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1032706AR","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores how freethinkers received John Bunyan and read his works in Victorian Britain. An analysis of freethinking periodicals, letters to editors, lectures, essays, and autobiography reveals a vexed relationship that was anything but monolithic. There emerged two distinct reading communities within organized freethought. Some freethinkers, especially in the early nineteenth century, rejected Bunyan as another representation of irrational religious faith that was a hindrance to societal reform. However, other freethinkers appropriated his works and used him as a valuable resource for understanding their own experiences with religion as well as for communicating their message. I demonstrate that these contrasting positions resulted from interpretive strategies that stem from fundamental assumptions regarding how the project of secularism ought to interact with Britain’s predominantly Christian culture. It corresponds to an ongoing negotiation of meaning within organized freethought that reflects internal fissures, as well as a rapidly changing British society.","PeriodicalId":130512,"journal":{"name":"Mémoires du livre / Studies in Book Culture","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123423862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cet article propose quelques balises pour une histoire de l’edition du reportage en France (1870-1939). Si l’effervescence des annees de l’entre-deux-guerres est deja connue, nous verrons que l’edition des annees 1870-1914 est plus abondante qu’on a pu l’affirmer jusqu’a present. L’etude du format et du paratexte des volumes permet de degager, dans un premier temps, des strategies de legitimation du geste editorial et la construction de postures de reporters, a la croisee de plusieurs genres (chronique, reportage, memoires) ou disciplines (histoire, ethnologie, litterature, journalisme). Nous distinguerons le tournant des annees 1900 comme un moment phare pour l’edition du reportage, concurremment a d’autres phenomenes bouleversant les representations du reporter. Nous reviendrons enfin sur les annees de l’entre-deux-guerres afin d’illustrer la proximite entre reportage et fiction, a travers la mise en place d’un reportage feuilletonesque, soutenue par un dispositif d’edition populaire.
{"title":"Le reporter devient un auteur. L’édition du reportage en France (1870-1930)","authors":"Mélodie Simard-Houde","doi":"10.7202/1032715AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1032715AR","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article propose quelques balises pour une histoire de l’edition du reportage en France (1870-1939). Si l’effervescence des annees de l’entre-deux-guerres est deja connue, nous verrons que l’edition des annees 1870-1914 est plus abondante qu’on a pu l’affirmer jusqu’a present. L’etude du format et du paratexte des volumes permet de degager, dans un premier temps, des strategies de legitimation du geste editorial et la construction de postures de reporters, a la croisee de plusieurs genres (chronique, reportage, memoires) ou disciplines (histoire, ethnologie, litterature, journalisme). Nous distinguerons le tournant des annees 1900 comme un moment phare pour l’edition du reportage, concurremment a d’autres phenomenes bouleversant les representations du reporter. Nous reviendrons enfin sur les annees de l’entre-deux-guerres afin d’illustrer la proximite entre reportage et fiction, a travers la mise en place d’un reportage feuilletonesque, soutenue par un dispositif d’edition populaire.","PeriodicalId":130512,"journal":{"name":"Mémoires du livre / Studies in Book Culture","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125247087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The reading and study of bibles in Canada has shaped the ways in which the Christian faith is practiced, but it was not until the middle of the nineteenth century that bibles became widely available. This article examines the historical developments of bible distribution in British North America, focusing on the British and Foreign Bible Society (BFBS), which became the largest distributor of bibles in the world. Strengthening the BFBS's Canadian influence was its agent James Thomson, whose work in British North America between 1838 and 1842 expanded the organization’s reach and ensured an ample supply of bibles in the colonies. Through the expansion of local Bible Society auxiliaries and the establishment of distribution networks, Thomson laid the foundations for the BFBS’s success in establishing a successful bible enterprise that would dominate the trade in British North America for the rest of the century.
{"title":"Making a Bible Enterprise: James Thomson and the British and Foreign Bible Society in British North America, 1838–1842","authors":"Stuart Barnard","doi":"10.7202/1032708AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1032708AR","url":null,"abstract":"The reading and study of bibles in Canada has shaped the ways in which the Christian faith is practiced, but it was not until the middle of the nineteenth century that bibles became widely available. This article examines the historical developments of bible distribution in British North America, focusing on the British and Foreign Bible Society (BFBS), which became the largest distributor of bibles in the world. Strengthening the BFBS's Canadian influence was its agent James Thomson, whose work in British North America between 1838 and 1842 expanded the organization’s reach and ensured an ample supply of bibles in the colonies. Through the expansion of local Bible Society auxiliaries and the establishment of distribution networks, Thomson laid the foundations for the BFBS’s success in establishing a successful bible enterprise that would dominate the trade in British North America for the rest of the century.","PeriodicalId":130512,"journal":{"name":"Mémoires du livre / Studies in Book Culture","volume":"234 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121158825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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