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Writing about Writers: Mapping the Field and Moving Forward 写作关于作家:绘制领域和前进
Pub Date : 2018-05-31 DOI: 10.7202/1046984AR
This article presents a literature review of existing academic, journalistic and non-fiction writing that has furthered the assessment of the writer and the occupation of writing in recent years. It is structured around four prominent themes that research about writers and writing commonly falls under: Being a Writer; Reputation, Fame and Hierarchies; Psychoanalyses of the Writer; and Economies of Writing. The final section of this article, Future Research, will propose research questions and methodological approaches which have, until now, remained largely absent from studies of the writer and writing life, and argues that these new areas of investigation are necessary to continue broadening the field of research about writing and furthering our understanding of the writer’s inspirations, motivations and work practices.
本文对现有的学术、新闻和非虚构写作进行了文献综述,这些文献综述促进了近年来对作家和写作职业的评估。它围绕着关于作家和写作的研究通常归入的四个突出主题:成为作家;声誉、名声和等级;作家的精神分析;和写作经济。本文的最后一部分,未来研究,将提出研究问题和方法论方法,到目前为止,这些问题和方法在作家和写作生活的研究中基本上是缺席的,并认为这些新的调查领域是必要的,可以继续扩大关于写作的研究领域,进一步加深我们对作家的灵感、动机和工作实践的理解。
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引用次数: 2
Creating Reading Habits Through Translation in Turkey (1840–1940) 通过翻译在土耳其塑造阅读习惯(1840-1940)
Pub Date : 2018-02-01 DOI: 10.7202/1043125AR
Although translated books and readers are visibly and inextricably linked, readers, readers’ expectations, attitudes and habits have only been partially analysed in translation research. In a similar vein, the relationship between translation and reader was rather left undiscovered by scholars studying translation/book/reading history. The aim of this paper is to present the findings of my comprehensive doctoral research on the pioneering role translation played in the history of reading and readers in Turkey between 1840 and 1940 by problematizing the relationship between translation, readers and their reading habits. This hundred year period is characterized by an apparent transformation in the literary production (especially in the number of translated works) and the publishing industry, which created an expansion in the number of readers and the development of new forms to suit the needs and tastes of this new readership. Data from a variety of sources including readers’ letters and auto/biographical accounts will be used in this article to investigate readers, their reading habits and the transformative process they experienced through this reading (r)evolution. In the absence of library records and marginalia due to the inherent characteristics of the period under study, these letters and auto/biographical accounts are of primary importance in providing evidence of what and how the readers were actually reading. Their active involvement in the process (of selection and consumption of translated and/or indigeneous works) is also reflected through the views, experiences and perceptions that are present in these letters and accounts.
虽然翻译书籍与读者有着明显的、密不可分的联系,但在翻译研究中,对读者、读者的期望、态度和习惯的分析却只是部分的。同样,研究翻译/书籍/阅读史的学者也没有发现翻译与读者之间的关系。本文的目的是通过对翻译、读者和他们的阅读习惯之间的关系提出问题,来展示我对翻译在1840年至1940年土耳其阅读和读者史上所起的先锋作用的综合博士研究的结果。这一百年的特点是文学生产(特别是翻译作品的数量)和出版业发生了明显的变化,读者人数增加,新形式的发展适应了新读者的需要和品味。本文将使用来自各种来源的数据,包括读者的信件和自动/传记账户,来调查读者,他们的阅读习惯以及他们在这种阅读(或)进化中经历的转变过程。由于所研究时期的固有特征,没有图书馆记录和旁注,这些信件和自动/传记叙述在提供读者实际阅读的内容和方式的证据方面至关重要。他们积极参与(选择和消费翻译和/或土著作品)的过程也反映在这些信件和记录中的观点、经验和看法上。
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引用次数: 1
Examining the “Invisible”: How are Published Translations Reviewed in the United Kingdom and France? 审视“看不见的”:英法两国如何评价已出版的翻译作品?
Pub Date : 2018-02-01 DOI: 10.7202/1043123AR
In his 1995 seminal work, The Translator’s Invisibility, Lawrence Venuti examines the impact of how translations are reviewed on the visibility of the translator. The American scholar contends that a fluent translation approach, which ultimately makes the work of the translator “invisible” to the final reader, is the main criterion by which translations are read and assessed by reviewers; any deviations from such fluent discourse are thus dismissed as inadequate. The present research will draw upon a corpus of British and French reviews collected from two broadsheet supplements in each country to analyze the extent to which the media’s reviews of published translations continue to reinforce—or indeed challenge—the notion of translators’ invisibility. The research will demonstrate that, whilst fluency and transparency are still revered by a large number of reviewers, especially in the UK, the reviews in this corpus show a remarkable degree of openness towards diverse translation approaches.
劳伦斯·韦努蒂在其1995年的开创性著作《译者的隐形》中研究了人们如何评价翻译作品对译者可见性的影响。这位美国学者认为,流畅的翻译方法是审稿人阅读和评价译文的主要标准,它最终使译者的作品对最终读者“看不见”;因此,任何偏离这种流畅话语的行为都被认为是不适当的。本研究将利用从两国的两份大报增刊中收集的英法评论语料库,分析媒体对已发表译文的评论在多大程度上继续强化——或者实际上是挑战——译者不可见的概念。研究将表明,虽然流利性和透明度仍然受到大量审稿人的推崇,特别是在英国,但该语料库中的审稿人对不同的翻译方法表现出显著的开放性。
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引用次数: 0
“Quality not Quantity”: The Role of the Editor and the Language Consultant in the English Translations of Swedish and Norwegian Children’s Fiction at Turton & Chambers, 1988–92 “质量而非数量”:编辑和语言顾问在瑞典和挪威儿童小说英译中的作用,Turton & Chambers出版社,1988 - 1992
Pub Date : 2018-02-01 DOI: 10.7202/1043121AR
This article takes as its subject the project of British author and editor Aidan Chambers to set up a small press dedicated to publishing modern European children’s literature in translation, 1988–92. Positioned within Gideon Toury’s framework of Descriptive Translation Studies, this paper outlines the history of the firm and its founding ideology to publish children’s literature “with a difference” for a British audience. As a result, preliminary norms (relating to text, author and translator selection) and operational norms (relating to translation strategies) for four novels by Maud Reutersward, Peter Pohl and Tormod Haugen are identified and analyzed. Fundamental to the article’s methodology is the use of bibliographical, archival and oral history primary sources. The principal focus of research interest is Chambers’ use of language consultants in addition to his commissioned translators in an unusual and sometimes challenging professional collaboration of editor-translator-consultant within a Nordic-British setting.
本文以英国作家兼编辑艾丹·钱伯斯(Aidan Chambers)创办一家小型出版社的计划为主题,该出版社致力于出版1988 - 1992年欧洲现代儿童文学翻译作品。本文在吉迪恩·托里的描述翻译研究框架内,概述了该公司的历史及其为英国读者出版“与众不同”的儿童文学的创始思想。因此,本文对莫德·罗伊斯沃德、彼得·波尔和托莫德·豪根四本小说的初步规范(涉及文本、作者和译者的选择)和操作规范(涉及翻译策略)进行了识别和分析。文章方法论的基础是书目、档案和口述历史第一手资料的使用。研究兴趣的主要焦点是钱伯斯在一个不寻常的,有时具有挑战性的编辑-翻译-顾问的专业合作中,除了委托翻译外,还使用语言顾问。
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引用次数: 1
Translation Revision as Rereading: Different Aspects of the Translator’s and Reviser’s Approach to the Revision Process 作为重读的翻译修订:译者和审校在修订过程中的不同做法
Pub Date : 2018-02-01 DOI: 10.7202/1043122AR
As a synonym for “revision,” dictionaries of different European languages include such terms as rilettura, relecture, relectura and rereading. The concept of “rereading” is also used by most translators and revisers when having to describe the process of revising a translation. This act of rereading, however, takes on different forms and purposes depending on the agent by whom it is performed, that is, the translator of the text or the reviser of the translation. As a matter of fact, revision is a second, further reading for the translator who has been working on his/her translation, but it is a “new” reading for the reviser, who approaches the translated text for the first time and, because of his/her “new vision,” can provide different insights on the work done by the translator and spot any weaknesses it may have. Drawing on current research in the field of revision as well as on first-hand data on professional revision in the publishing sector, this work aims at highlighting the peculiarities of revision as rereading when performed by translators and revisers as well as analyzing the latter’s different modes of execution, strategies, purposes and products.
作为 "审校 "的同义词,不同欧洲语言的词典都收录了 rilettura、relecture、relectura 和 rereading 等术语。大多数译者和审校在描述修订译文的过程时也使用 "重读 "这一概念。然而,重读的形式和目的各有不同,这取决于重读的主体,即译文的译者或译文的审校者。事实上,对于译者来说,重读是对译文的第二次、进一步的阅读,而对于审校来说,重读则是一种 "新 "的阅读,因为审校是第一次接触译文,而且由于其 "新视野",审校可以对译者的工作提出不同的见解,并指出译文可能存在的不足之处。这部著作借鉴了当前在审校领域的研究成果以及出版界专业审校的第一手资料,旨在强调译者和审校进行重读时审校的特殊性,并分析后者不同的执行模式、策略、目的和产品。
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引用次数: 7
Rééditer l’Odyssée au xxie siècle : l’éditeur de classiques et le traducteur, ou l’éditeur comme traducteur 21世纪的奥德赛再版:经典的出版商和翻译家,或作为翻译家的出版商
Pub Date : 2018-02-01 DOI: 10.7202/1043120AR
L’article analyse le role de l’editeur dans la traduction d’un classique, c’est-a-dire a la fois dans le choix d’une traduction du texte, mais aussi dans sa traduction en livre. Il s’appuie sur le cas des reeditions ou adaptations de l’Odyssee d’Homere en langue francaise, publiees en France depuis 2000. Valeur culturelle et economique sure, le classique, traduit dans toutes les langues, est aussi infiniment reedite en une multitude de versions, qui perpetuent et inflechissent le texte. Chaque version prend appui sur le capital symbolique du « grand auteur » et contribue a redistribuer l’auctorialite entre celui-ci et ceux qui le traduisent, l’adaptent, l’illustrent ou le commentent. La materialite de l’objet et le paratexte (couverture, iconographie, preface, notice biographique, appareil pedagogique, glossaire, note sur la traduction, etc.) adressent le livre a des categories de destinataires, l’orientent vers des usages (esthetiques, didactiques, ethiques, ou d’evasion) et, plus generalement, determinent la maniere dont il est percu et lu.
本文分析了出版商在经典作品翻译中的作用,即在文本翻译的选择和翻译成书籍的过程中。它的基础是2000年在法国出版的《奥德赛》的法文再版或改编。当然,经典具有文化和经济价值,被翻译成所有语言,也被无限地重新编辑成无数的版本,使文本永久化和改变。每个版本都依赖于“伟大作者”的象征资本,并有助于在他和翻译、改编、说明或评论他的人之间重新分配他的权威。对象和辅助文本(封面、肖像、前言、传记、教学工具、词汇表、翻译说明等)的材料使书面向不同的受众,引导它走向用途(美学、教学、伦理或逃避),更普遍地决定了它的阅读方式。
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引用次数: 0
Lire et (re)traduire : l’exemple de la poésie d’Adrienne Rich 阅读和(重新)翻译:以阿德里安娜·里奇的诗歌为例
Pub Date : 2018-02-01 DOI: 10.7202/1043117AR
Cet article se propose de decrire le travail de retraduction a la lumiere des premieres traductions du poeme le plus connu d’Adrienne Rich, « Diving into the Wreck ». Ce texte emblematique de l’engagement feministe de la poetesse a fait l’objet de deux traductions en francais. Afin d’illustrer le processus de retraduction, nous analyserons le poeme, les habitus des traducteurs, et leurs traductions. Nous verrons ainsi que ces dernieres, en tant que traductions-introductions, contiennent ce qu’Antoine Berman nomme des « tendances deformantes », inclinant la traduction a s’eloigner de la dynamique de l’original. Nous esquisserons ensuite une nouvelle traduction afin de determiner des strategies qui peuvent etre mises en place en retraduction, au sujet notamment des enjeux principaux du poeme : le niveau de langue, la concretude du style et le traitement du genre grammatical.
本文的目的是根据阿德里安娜·里奇最著名的诗歌《潜入沉船》的第一次翻译来描述重新翻译的工作。这篇文章象征着这位女诗人的女权主义承诺,已被翻译成两种语言。为了说明再翻译的过程,我们将分析诗歌、译者的习惯和他们的翻译。因此,我们将看到,后者,作为介绍翻译,包含了安托万·伯曼所说的“扭曲倾向”,使翻译偏离了原作的动态。然后,我们将概述一个新的翻译,以确定在重新翻译中可以实施的策略,特别是关于诗歌的主要问题:语言水平,风格的具体性和语法体裁的处理。
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引用次数: 0
Imprimer et traduire : lyon au xve siècle 印刷与翻译:15世纪的里昂
Pub Date : 2018-02-01 DOI: 10.7202/1043119AR
A partir de 1476, les imprimeurs lyonnais proposent de nombreuses traductions a un public qui ne maitrise pas suffisamment le latin pour acceder aux classiques ou aux ouvrages scientifiques et religieux de l’epoque. On recense ainsi, pour tout le xve siecle, pres de 150 editions de traduction a Lyon, soit un dixieme de la production totale. Cet article, qui montre l’importance de la ville dans la traduction d’ouvrages a succes comme de textes plus contemporains, se penche sur les choix editoriaux de ces imprimeurs quant a la production de traductions. Il met egalement en lumiere la collaboration des imprimeurs avec une elite intellectuelle locale, qui effectue les nouvelles traductions ou en revise d’anciennes. L’attention sur ces personnages peu connus permet ainsi de faire emerger des groupes coherents au service de plusieurs imprimeurs.
从1476年开始,里昂的印刷商向那些对拉丁语不够了解、无法接触到当时的经典著作或科学和宗教著作的读者提供了大量的翻译。因此,在整个15世纪,里昂大约有150个翻译版本,占总产量的十分之一。这篇文章展示了这座城市在翻译成功作品和更现代的文本方面的重要性,并考察了这些印刷商在翻译作品方面的编辑选择。它还强调了印刷商与当地知识精英的合作,后者负责新翻译或修订旧翻译。通过对这些鲜为人知的人物的关注,可以为几家印刷公司提供连贯的服务。
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引用次数: 0
Traduire des mathématiques « pour et par des élèves » dans la première moitié du xixe siècle : Acteurs et pratiques de traduction à travers trois cas d’étude en Europe et aux États-Unis 19世纪上半叶数学“为学生和由学生翻译”:通过欧洲和美国三个案例研究的演员和翻译实践
Pub Date : 2018-02-01 DOI: 10.7202/1043118AR
Consacre a la question de la traduction en matiere de mathematiques, qu’il aborde ici par l’intermediaire d’un acteur particulier, l’« eleve », a la fois destinataire et, parfois, producteur de traductions, le present article se structure principalement autour de trois etudes de cas. La premiere concerne la production, dans les Etats-Unis des annees 1820 et 1830, d’une serie de manuels de mathematiques et de mecanique theorique, elabores a partir de manuels francais et destines aux etudiants de l’Universite Harvard et de l’Academie militaire de West Point. La seconde s’attache a la traduction, en 1828, d’un manuel anglais dans l’espace germanophone. La troisieme se penche sur la presse mathematique francaise de la premiere moitie du xixe siecle, illustree ici par le journal des candidats a l’Ecole polytechnique et a l’Ecole normale (Nouvelles annales de mathematiques) et le journal des « progres en mathematiques » (Journal de mathematiques pures et appliquees). Les objectifs poursuivis consistent a faire emerger des points saillants, a identifier des pistes prometteuses pour la suite de l’enquete, et a tenter d’etablir un premier bilan, provisoire et sujet a des modifications, sur la question de la traduction mathematique et de ses eventuelles specificites par rapport aux traductions relevant d’autres domaines.
本文主要以三个案例研究为基础,研究数学领域的翻译问题,并通过一个特殊的参与者,即“学生”,他既是翻译的接受者,有时也是翻译的生产者。第一个是在19世纪20年代和30年代,美国为哈佛大学和西点军校的学生制作了一系列以法国教科书为基础的数学和理论力学教科书。第二个是1828年将一本英语教科书翻译成德语。第三部分考察了19世纪前半个世纪的法国数学出版社,这里的插图是ecole polytechnique和ecole normale的候选人杂志(Nouvelles annales de mathematiques)和“progres en mathematiques”杂志(journal de mathematiques pure et appliquees)。所追求的目标是做到了emerger要点,找出了有希望的线索来调查后,并试图妨碍了初步审查,并改变了话题,关于临时翻译问题及其数学欢迎相似性的翻译相比,其他领域的问题。
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引用次数: 1
Reviewers as Readers with Power: What a Case of Retranslation Says about Author, Translator and Reader Dynamics1 书评人作为有权力的读者:一个关于作者、译者和读者动态的重译案例1
Pub Date : 2018-02-01 DOI: 10.7202/1043124AR
The Black Book, Orhan Pamuk’s second novel in English translation, was published in Guneli Gun’s translation in 1994 and in a retranslation by Maureen Freely in 2006. The decision for retranslation was mainly taken by the author on the basis of the criticism the first translation received from the reviewers, the most significant readers of translations with their power to consecrate foreign authors and their work in their new cultural settings. This study will present an analysis of the two translations of The Black Book, taking as its point of departure the criticism expressed in the reviews. The analysis will reveal the ways in which the first translation served as a criterion for the retranslation and how the two translators represented the author and his work differently, which was mainly enabled because of the changing status of Orhan Pamuk as an author in the English-speaking world between 1994 and 2006.
《黑皮书》是奥尔罕·帕慕克的第二部英译本小说,1994年由古内利·冈翻译出版,2006年由莫林·弗里利重新翻译。作者之所以做出重译的决定,主要是基于第一次翻译时审稿人的批评。审稿人是翻译作品最重要的读者,他们有能力在新的文化背景下崇拜外国作家和他们的作品。本研究将对《黑皮书》的两个译本进行分析,并以评论中所表达的批评为出发点。分析将揭示第一次翻译作为重新翻译标准的方式,以及两位译者如何以不同的方式表达作者和他的作品,这主要是因为奥尔罕·帕慕克作为作家在1994年至2006年期间在英语世界的地位发生了变化。
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引用次数: 5
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Mémoires du livre / Studies in Book Culture
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