Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2024.3362251
Juan R. Mosig
The method of moments (MOM), as introduced by Roger F. Harrington more than 50 years ago, is reviewed in the context of the classic potential integral equation (IE) formulations applied to both electrostatic (part 1) and electrodynamic or full-wave problems (part 2). A systematic treatment is presented, based on the concept of discrete Green’s functions (GFs). For the sake of simplicity and clarity, the development is restricted to geometries composed of 2D metallic plates embedded in a homogeneous medium. Within this framework, original analytical developments are presented that simplify the formulations and enable the implementation of point-matching (PM) and Galerkin strategies without the need for a numerical evaluation of multidimensional integrals. Simple Matlab codes are provided, allowing the reader not only to reproduce but also to go beyond the pioneering results of Harrington, to whom this article pays an undisguised homage.
本文结合应用于静电问题（第 1 部分）和电动或全波问题（第 2 部分）的经典势积分方程 (IE) 公式，回顾了 Roger F. Harrington 50 多年前提出的矩方法 (MOM)。本文以离散格林函数（GFs）的概念为基础，提出了系统的处理方法。为简单明了起见，本文仅限于由嵌入均质介质中的二维金属板组成的几何结构。在这一框架内，提出了原创的分析发展，简化了公式，并使点匹配（PM）和 Galerkin 策略的实施成为可能，而无需对多维积分进行数值评估。文章提供了简单的 Matlab 代码，使读者不仅能再现而且能超越哈林顿的开创性成果。
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Subterahertz (sub-THz) wireless links are investigated on small and thin metamaterial structures as part of an antenna measurement system. In order to realize the device under test (DUT) at 330 GHz beyond the millimeter-wave bands, Schott glass as ultrathin glass (UTG) is chosen as the substrate more than Teflon and laminates, and it goes through the sputter deposition of a metallic thin-film process to form a pattern on its surface as the metamaterial. The signal strength at the receiver (RX) antenna for the line-of-sight (LoS) becomes weaker when the glass analogous to the phone display or room window is in between the transmitter (TX) and the RX. This problem is circumvented by placing the metallic patterned glass metamaterial in the signal path from the TX to the RX. The wireless links for cases of the LoS, the glass plane inserted, and the metasurface inserted in the propagation axis are constructed, and their electromagnetic (EM) functions are experimentally characterized. The degradation in S 21 is increased by more than 3 dB, both in simulation and measurement. In conjunction, the 64-QAM constellation as a communication standpoint of indicator of 6G mobile is evaluated in the three cases, revealing positive effects of the sub-THz metamaterial surface.
{"title":"Measurement-Based Characterization of Subterahertz Metasurfaces Designed to Work in a 300-GHz Band: Suitability for broader band communication in 6G","authors":"Yejune Seo;Inyeol Moon;Jiyeon Jang;Heejun Park;Sungtek Kahng","doi":"10.1109/MAP.2024.3360855","DOIUrl":"10.1109/MAP.2024.3360855","url":null,"abstract":"Subterahertz (sub-THz) wireless links are investigated on small and thin metamaterial structures as part of an antenna measurement system. In order to realize the device under test (DUT) at 330 GHz beyond the millimeter-wave bands, Schott glass as ultrathin glass (UTG) is chosen as the substrate more than Teflon and laminates, and it goes through the sputter deposition of a metallic thin-film process to form a pattern on its surface as the metamaterial. The signal strength at the receiver (RX) antenna for the line-of-sight (LoS) becomes weaker when the glass analogous to the phone display or room window is in between the transmitter (TX) and the RX. This problem is circumvented by placing the metallic patterned glass metamaterial in the signal path from the TX to the RX. The wireless links for cases of the LoS, the glass plane inserted, and the metasurface inserted in the propagation axis are constructed, and their electromagnetic (EM) functions are experimentally characterized. The degradation in S\u0000<sub>21</sub>\u0000 is increased by more than 3 dB, both in simulation and measurement. In conjunction, the 64-QAM constellation as a communication standpoint of indicator of 6G mobile is evaluated in the three cases, revealing positive effects of the sub-THz metamaterial surface.","PeriodicalId":13090,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140037784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2024.3358239
Haoran Zhang;Yiyang Yu;Igor Getmanov;Atif Shamim
Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) and subterahertz (sub-THz) technologies have attracted considerable research interest because of their potential to fulfill the dramatically increased demands for the highly compact and large data-rate communication system. Due to the small antenna size in such a high-frequency range, probe-based measurement, rather than connector-based, plays a critical role in antenna characterization. However, there are multiple challenges associated with probe-based antenna measurement, including probe metallic shell reflection, probe self-radiation, parasitic effects induced by the probe pads, and microscope involvement for precise probe alignment. These challenges necessitate the use of innovative measurement setups and techniques for accurate and reliable probe-based antenna measurement. This article provides a thorough analysis of the most significant recent advancements in the field of probe-based measurements for mm-wave and sub-THz/THz antennas. All of the challenges related to probe-based antenna measurement are first introduced and discussed in detail. Then, there is a thorough compilation of the most recent trends and methods of probe-based antenna measurement. It also outlines some potential directions for future trends in this area. This review article is expected to motivate and inspire researchers to develop innovative measurement setups and techniques to promote precise and accurate characterization for mm-wave and sub-THz antennas.
{"title":"Probe-Fed Millimeter-Wave and Subterahertz Antenna Measurements: Challenges and solutions","authors":"Haoran Zhang;Yiyang Yu;Igor Getmanov;Atif Shamim","doi":"10.1109/MAP.2024.3358239","DOIUrl":"10.1109/MAP.2024.3358239","url":null,"abstract":"Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) and subterahertz (sub-THz) technologies have attracted considerable research interest because of their potential to fulfill the dramatically increased demands for the highly compact and large data-rate communication system. Due to the small antenna size in such a high-frequency range, probe-based measurement, rather than connector-based, plays a critical role in antenna characterization. However, there are multiple challenges associated with probe-based antenna measurement, including probe metallic shell reflection, probe self-radiation, parasitic effects induced by the probe pads, and microscope involvement for precise probe alignment. These challenges necessitate the use of innovative measurement setups and techniques for accurate and reliable probe-based antenna measurement. This article provides a thorough analysis of the most significant recent advancements in the field of probe-based measurements for mm-wave and sub-THz/THz antennas. All of the challenges related to probe-based antenna measurement are first introduced and discussed in detail. Then, there is a thorough compilation of the most recent trends and methods of probe-based antenna measurement. It also outlines some potential directions for future trends in this area. This review article is expected to motivate and inspire researchers to develop innovative measurement setups and techniques to promote precise and accurate characterization for mm-wave and sub-THz antennas.","PeriodicalId":13090,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139946821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2024.3362249
Juan R. Mosig
The method of moments (MOM), as introduced by R. F. Harrington more than 50 years ago, is reviewed in the context of the classic potential integral equation (PIE) formulations applied to both electrostatic (part 1) and electrodynamic, or full-wave, problems (part 2). A systematic treatment is presented based on the concept of “discrete Green’s functions” (“GFs”). For the sake of simplicity and clarity, the developments are restricted to geometries composed of 2D metallic plates embedded in a homogeneous medium. Within this framework, original analytical developments are presented. They simplify the formulations and enable the implementation of point matching (PM) and Galerkin strategies without any need for a numerical evaluation of the involved multidimensional integrals. Simple MATLAB codes are provided, allowing the reader not only to reproduce but also to go beyond the pioneering results of Harrington, to whom this article pays an undisguised homage.
本文结合应用于静电（第 1 部分）和电动（或全波）问题（第 2 部分）的经典势积分方程 (PIE) 公式，回顾了 R. F. Harrington 50 多年前提出的矩方法 (MOM)。本文基于 "离散格林函数"（"GFs"）的概念进行了系统处理。为简单明了起见，研究仅限于由嵌入均质介质中的二维金属板组成的几何结构。在此框架内，介绍了原创的分析发展。它们简化了公式，使点匹配（PM）和 Galerkin 策略得以实施，而无需对所涉及的多维积分进行数值评估。文章提供了简单的 MATLAB 代码，使读者不仅能再现而且能超越哈林顿的开创性成果。
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Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2024.3357925
{"title":"Share Your Preprint Research with the World!","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/MAP.2024.3357925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAP.2024.3357925","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13090,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10433086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139727360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2023.3334679
Fred E. Gardiol
{"title":"Hidden Word","authors":"Fred E. Gardiol","doi":"10.1109/MAP.2023.3334679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAP.2023.3334679","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13090,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10433095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139727337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2023.3334671
Jonathan Lundquist;Lauren Linkous;McKenzie E. Piper;Zoey Sickey;Katya Zimmet;Iana Mendoza;Samisha Suresh;Erdem Topsakal
Growing demand in the wearable device industry for noninvasive, user-connected, and real-time activity trackers and body monitors is increasing the need for low-profile wearable antennas on fabric substrates, particularly for health and safety applications. Current data regarding environmental and human factors in this field that affect the real-world use of the devised antennas are incomplete. This article presents data regarding the impact of garment position, especially the distance between the skin and fabric substrate, on antenna performance. A distance of the substrate from the skin in the less than a 5-mm range was found to have a significant influence on antenna performance. The effects of humidity and dampness on the permittivity of five types of fabrics commonly used in commercial and health care-related garments are also investigated. The performance of a textile-based RFID printed directly on a nonconductive interface layer situated on single jersey knit cotton fabric was studied, and sheet resistance results of inkjet printing with two conductive nanoparticle inks from NovaCentrix are presented.
可穿戴设备行业对非侵入式、与用户连接的实时活动追踪器和身体监测器的需求日益增长，这就增加了对织物基底上的低调可穿戴天线的需求，尤其是在健康和安全应用领域。目前有关该领域中影响所设计天线实际使用的环境和人为因素的数据并不完整。本文介绍了服装位置（尤其是皮肤与织物基底之间的距离）对天线性能影响的相关数据。研究发现，基材与皮肤的距离小于 5 毫米时，对天线性能有显著影响。此外，还研究了湿度和潮湿对商业和医疗保健相关服装中常用的五种织物的介电常数的影响。研究了直接印制在单面针织棉织物非导电界面层上的纺织品 RFID 性能，并介绍了使用 NovaCentrix 公司生产的两种导电纳米粒子墨水进行喷墨打印的薄片电阻结果。
{"title":"Textile-Based Inkjet-Printed RFIDs: Exploring wearable antennas in the real world [Bioelectromagnetics]","authors":"Jonathan Lundquist;Lauren Linkous;McKenzie E. Piper;Zoey Sickey;Katya Zimmet;Iana Mendoza;Samisha Suresh;Erdem Topsakal","doi":"10.1109/MAP.2023.3334671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAP.2023.3334671","url":null,"abstract":"Growing demand in the wearable device industry for noninvasive, user-connected, and real-time activity trackers and body monitors is increasing the need for low-profile wearable antennas on fabric substrates, particularly for health and safety applications. Current data regarding environmental and human factors in this field that affect the real-world use of the devised antennas are incomplete. This article presents data regarding the impact of garment position, especially the distance between the skin and fabric substrate, on antenna performance. A distance of the substrate from the skin in the less than a 5-mm range was found to have a significant influence on antenna performance. The effects of humidity and dampness on the permittivity of five types of fabrics commonly used in commercial and health care-related garments are also investigated. The performance of a textile-based RFID printed directly on a nonconductive interface layer situated on single jersey knit cotton fabric was studied, and sheet resistance results of inkjet printing with two conductive nanoparticle inks from NovaCentrix are presented.","PeriodicalId":13090,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139727338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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