Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2024.3411483
Aşkın Altınoklu;Alper Kürşat Öztürk;Mehmet Erim İnal
This article presents an accurate and efficient method for determining the locations of scattering centers on a complex 3D scatterer. For a given excitation, a localized integration technique is used to calculate the contribution of each surface mesh element to the scattered field in the specified direction. The contribution of a point is computed exclusively by utilizing the currents induced on the surface of the scatterer. The effect of a given point situated on the surface of the scatterer is quantified by the radiation of the current elements within a predefined volume around that point. The algorithm is efficiently implemented with the aid of parallel computing. Numerical experiments involving radar cross-section reduction (RCSR) and antenna siting on a large platform are performed. The suggested approach demonstrates a superior performance compared to traditional methods, such as 1D range profiling, in terms of both efficiency and accuracy for extracting scattering centers.
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Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2024.3411476
Trevor S. Bird
The Nobel Prize-winning electrical engineer and physicist Karl Ferdinand Braun was a leading innovator and industrialist in the early history of wireless telegraphy and the inventor of numerous technologies that are now vital to electronics and television. For example, he invented the point-contact junction, the cathode-ray tube, transmitter circuitry, and the phased array antenna. However, Braun is largely forgotten by the present generation except for articles such as this one. This contribution to the “Historically Speaking” column seeks to tell something of his life, inventions, and his concept of phased arrays for wireless telegraphy.
{"title":"Karl Ferdinand Braun: Nobel Prize Winner and Inventor of Phased Arrays [Historically Speaking]","authors":"Trevor S. Bird","doi":"10.1109/MAP.2024.3411476","DOIUrl":"10.1109/MAP.2024.3411476","url":null,"abstract":"The Nobel Prize-winning electrical engineer and physicist Karl Ferdinand Braun was a leading innovator and industrialist in the early history of wireless telegraphy and the inventor of numerous technologies that are now vital to electronics and television. For example, he invented the point-contact junction, the cathode-ray tube, transmitter circuitry, and the phased array antenna. However, Braun is largely forgotten by the present generation except for articles such as this one. This contribution to the “Historically Speaking” column seeks to tell something of his life, inventions, and his concept of phased arrays for wireless telegraphy.","PeriodicalId":13090,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine","volume":"66 4","pages":"119-123"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141934202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2024.3411482
Rajeev Bansal
Regular readers of the column will recall my long-standing fascination with the scientific search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). Last year I wrote about the American astrophysicist Frank Drake (1930–2022), who kick-started SETI in 1960 with his Project Ozma [2] and whose eponymous Drake equation [3] has been used to estimate the number of observable civilizations in our galaxy. Recently, I browsed through a new crop of books devoted to SETI. They included Interstellar: The Search for Extraterrestrial Life and Our Future in the Stars [1] , by the Harvard astronomer Avi Loeb; Alien Earths [4] , by Lisa Kaltenegger, the director of the Carl Sagan Institute at Cornell; and The Little Book of Aliens [5] , by the physicist Adam Frank of the University of Rochester. Even a cursory perusal of these books makes one thing very clear. Not only are scientists going beyond Drake’s original vision of searching for “radio waves sent forth by other intelligent civilizations” [2] , but the current SETI discourse also employs many terms unfamiliar to the wider public. Here are a few of them to bring you up to speed.
{"title":"SETI 2024 [Turnstile]","authors":"Rajeev Bansal","doi":"10.1109/MAP.2024.3411482","DOIUrl":"10.1109/MAP.2024.3411482","url":null,"abstract":"Regular readers of the column will recall my long-standing fascination with the scientific search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). Last year I wrote about the American astrophysicist Frank Drake (1930–2022), who kick-started SETI in 1960 with his Project Ozma \u0000<xref>[2]</xref>\u0000 and whose eponymous Drake equation \u0000<xref>[3]</xref>\u0000 has been used to estimate the number of observable civilizations in our galaxy. Recently, I browsed through a new crop of books devoted to SETI. They included \u0000<italic>Interstellar: The Search for Extraterrestrial Life and Our Future in the Stars</i>\u0000 \u0000<xref>[1]</xref>\u0000, by the Harvard astronomer Avi Loeb; \u0000<italic>Alien Earths</i>\u0000 \u0000<xref>[4]</xref>\u0000, by Lisa Kaltenegger, the director of the Carl Sagan Institute at Cornell; and \u0000<italic>The Little Book of Aliens</i>\u0000 \u0000<xref>[5]</xref>\u0000, by the physicist Adam Frank of the University of Rochester. Even a cursory perusal of these books makes one thing very clear. Not only are scientists going beyond Drake’s original vision of searching for “radio waves sent forth by other intelligent civilizations” \u0000<xref>[2]</xref>\u0000, but the current SETI discourse also employs many terms unfamiliar to the wider public. Here are a few of them to bring you up to speed.","PeriodicalId":13090,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine","volume":"66 4","pages":"124-142"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10631801","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141934203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2024.3411480
João M. Felício;Raquel A. Martins;Jorge R. Costa;Carlos A. Fernandes
Microwave (MW) breast imaging has been investigated as a complementary breast diagnosis modality for more than 30 years, and it is still an active field of research. We discuss the challenges concerning antenna design and provide a “lookup tool” to help researchers with the selection of the best antenna to suit their needs. Moreover, we examine the algorithms proposed for radar and tomography imaging systems and review how machine learning (ML) techniques have been applied to MW signals to detect signatures or patterns that are otherwise impossible to detect. We discuss data fusion techniques that merge MW and other technologies or signal processing techniques. Finally, we identify open challenges on software and hardware components so that MW breast imaging (MWBI) may become an effective primary diagnosis modality.
{"title":"Microwave Breast Imaging for Cancer Diagnosis: An overview [Bioelectromagnetics]","authors":"João M. Felício;Raquel A. Martins;Jorge R. Costa;Carlos A. Fernandes","doi":"10.1109/MAP.2024.3411480","DOIUrl":"10.1109/MAP.2024.3411480","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave (MW) breast imaging has been investigated as a complementary breast diagnosis modality for more than 30 years, and it is still an active field of research. We discuss the challenges concerning antenna design and provide a “lookup tool” to help researchers with the selection of the best antenna to suit their needs. Moreover, we examine the algorithms proposed for radar and tomography imaging systems and review how machine learning (ML) techniques have been applied to MW signals to detect signatures or patterns that are otherwise impossible to detect. We discuss data fusion techniques that merge MW and other technologies or signal processing techniques. Finally, we identify open challenges on software and hardware components so that MW breast imaging (MWBI) may become an effective primary diagnosis modality.","PeriodicalId":13090,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine","volume":"66 4","pages":"85-97"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141934204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2024.3423501
Branislav M. Notaroš
Welcome to the August issue of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine and the fourth President’s Message of the year. At the time of writing this message, I am exactly at the middle of my term. My serving you and the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society (AP-S) as president for half a year now has been truly enjoyable and enriching for me, and I continue to feel incredibly honored and privileged to be able to serve with you and lead AP-S to further successes. I believe that we accomplished a lot together in the past six months, and I very much look forward to the second half of my term!
{"title":"New AP-S Conferences, Journals, Workshops, and Membership Initiatives [President’s Message]","authors":"Branislav M. Notaroš","doi":"10.1109/MAP.2024.3423501","DOIUrl":"10.1109/MAP.2024.3423501","url":null,"abstract":"Welcome to the August issue of \u0000<italic>IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine</i>\u0000 and the fourth President’s Message of the year. At the time of writing this message, I am exactly at the middle of my term. My serving you and the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society (AP-S) as president for half a year now has been truly enjoyable and enriching for me, and I continue to feel incredibly honored and privileged to be able to serve with you and lead AP-S to further successes. I believe that we accomplished a lot together in the past six months, and I very much look forward to the second half of my term!","PeriodicalId":13090,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine","volume":"66 4","pages":"6-10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10631773","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141934193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2024.3411489
Raymond P. Wasky
{"title":"Courses","authors":"Raymond P. Wasky","doi":"10.1109/MAP.2024.3411489","DOIUrl":"10.1109/MAP.2024.3411489","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13090,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine","volume":"66 4","pages":"84-111"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10631771","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141934200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2024.3429776
{"title":"Share Your Preprint Research with the World!","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/MAP.2024.3429776","DOIUrl":"10.1109/MAP.2024.3429776","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13090,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine","volume":"66 4","pages":"10-10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10631800","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141934199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2024.3411488
David V. Thiel;Cheryl Desha;Hugo G. Espinosa
Around the world, wireless radio communication technologies are enabling progress across many of the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs), with communications engineers designing lower cost, more efficient, and reliable technologies. These transforming communication services are enhancing multiple dimensions of societal well-being, including access to education, medical support, food, and gender equity, promoting decent work alongside economic growth. However, engineers are also obliged to minimize all types of pollution in their practice, toward restoring planetary health and sustainable cities and communities. There is increasing awareness and concern about the environmental hazards and use of limited Earth resources in producing electronic goods and services.
{"title":"United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: Implications for antenna design and electromagnetics education [Education Corner]","authors":"David V. Thiel;Cheryl Desha;Hugo G. Espinosa","doi":"10.1109/MAP.2024.3411488","DOIUrl":"10.1109/MAP.2024.3411488","url":null,"abstract":"Around the world, wireless radio communication technologies are enabling progress across many of the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs), with communications engineers designing lower cost, more efficient, and reliable technologies. These transforming communication services are enhancing multiple dimensions of societal well-being, including access to education, medical support, food, and gender equity, promoting decent work alongside economic growth. However, engineers are also obliged to minimize all types of pollution in their practice, toward restoring planetary health and sustainable cities and communities. There is increasing awareness and concern about the environmental hazards and use of limited Earth resources in producing electronic goods and services.","PeriodicalId":13090,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine","volume":"66 4","pages":"112-118"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141934026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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