Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2023.2236713
Lingxi Li, Peiyue Li, Song He, Rui Duan, Fei Xu
Abstract Reservoirs supply drinking water to many major cities in China, and their ecological security ensures the economic development, drinking water safety and ecological balance of cities. Based on Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model, this study evaluated the ecological security of Changtan Reservoir in Taizhou City, East China. The ecological security evaluation system was constructed, including 17 s-level evaluation factors, which included 36 third-level evaluation indices. By combining the expert scoring method with the entropy method, the weights of each index can be calculated effectively. Finally, the ecological security index (ESI) was obtained according to the DPSIR model. The results show that the ESI of the Changtan Reservoir is 75.78, which suggests that the Changtan Reservoir is in a relatively safe state. However, the soil erosion intensity index is in a poor state in most areas. Therefore, soil and water conservation management should be strengthened. The aquatic biodiversity in the watershed of the reservoir is also poor, especially the benthos with a single species. Hence, the ecological conservation of the reservoir watershed should also be enhanced. The study also proposes that centralized treatment of urban domestic sewages and rural domestic sewages around the reservoir should be greatly improved by enhancing the sewage treatment facilities and pipelines.
{"title":"Ecological security evaluation for Changtan Reservoir in Taizhou City, East China, based on the DPSIR model","authors":"Lingxi Li, Peiyue Li, Song He, Rui Duan, Fei Xu","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2023.2236713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2023.2236713","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Reservoirs supply drinking water to many major cities in China, and their ecological security ensures the economic development, drinking water safety and ecological balance of cities. Based on Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model, this study evaluated the ecological security of Changtan Reservoir in Taizhou City, East China. The ecological security evaluation system was constructed, including 17 s-level evaluation factors, which included 36 third-level evaluation indices. By combining the expert scoring method with the entropy method, the weights of each index can be calculated effectively. Finally, the ecological security index (ESI) was obtained according to the DPSIR model. The results show that the ESI of the Changtan Reservoir is 75.78, which suggests that the Changtan Reservoir is in a relatively safe state. However, the soil erosion intensity index is in a poor state in most areas. Therefore, soil and water conservation management should be strengthened. The aquatic biodiversity in the watershed of the reservoir is also poor, especially the benthos with a single species. Hence, the ecological conservation of the reservoir watershed should also be enhanced. The study also proposes that centralized treatment of urban domestic sewages and rural domestic sewages around the reservoir should be greatly improved by enhancing the sewage treatment facilities and pipelines.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"1064 - 1090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87689770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2023.2231549
N. Damla, Ahmet Altun, C. M. Yeşilkanat, H. Taşkın, Ayhan Kara, U. Isik
Abstract In this study, the spatial distribution model has been aimed to characterize the radiometric parameters in drinking water and soil samples of Siirt City in Türkiye using the geostatistical method. The gross α and β measurements in the water samples and radiometric measurements in the soil samples were performed using a gas proportional α/β counter (Berthold, LB 770 model) and a gamma spectroscopy system (HPGe-detector), respectively. The spatial distribution maps, covering the whole region using the ordinary kriging method, were created visually. The gross α and β activities in the water samples varied from 9 to 40 and from 21 to 252 mBq L−1. The corresponding arithmetic average of the annual effective dose of gross α and β of drinking water was estimated to be 5.3 and 52.3 μSv y−1, respectively. In soil samples, the arithmetic average values of 238U, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs radionuclides were 17 ± 6, 20 ± 7, 445 ± 166, and 4 ± 6 Bq kg−1, respectively. The arithmetic average absorbed dose rate (D), annual effective dose (AED), and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) values in soil samples were calculated as 38 nGy h−1, 0.05 mSv y−1, and 0.165 × 10−3, respectively, for soil samples. The radiometric parameters of the sample were lower than those of the guideline levels recommended in the literature. Furthermore, the interpolation maps were evaluated in terms of the soil structure of the region.
{"title":"Spatial distribution modeling of radiometric analysis and radiation dose estimations in drinking water and soil samples from Siirt city in Türkiye","authors":"N. Damla, Ahmet Altun, C. M. Yeşilkanat, H. Taşkın, Ayhan Kara, U. Isik","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2023.2231549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2023.2231549","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, the spatial distribution model has been aimed to characterize the radiometric parameters in drinking water and soil samples of Siirt City in Türkiye using the geostatistical method. The gross α and β measurements in the water samples and radiometric measurements in the soil samples were performed using a gas proportional α/β counter (Berthold, LB 770 model) and a gamma spectroscopy system (HPGe-detector), respectively. The spatial distribution maps, covering the whole region using the ordinary kriging method, were created visually. The gross α and β activities in the water samples varied from 9 to 40 and from 21 to 252 mBq L−1. The corresponding arithmetic average of the annual effective dose of gross α and β of drinking water was estimated to be 5.3 and 52.3 μSv y−1, respectively. In soil samples, the arithmetic average values of 238U, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs radionuclides were 17 ± 6, 20 ± 7, 445 ± 166, and 4 ± 6 Bq kg−1, respectively. The arithmetic average absorbed dose rate (D), annual effective dose (AED), and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) values in soil samples were calculated as 38 nGy h−1, 0.05 mSv y−1, and 0.165 × 10−3, respectively, for soil samples. The radiometric parameters of the sample were lower than those of the guideline levels recommended in the literature. Furthermore, the interpolation maps were evaluated in terms of the soil structure of the region.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"148 1","pages":"1044 - 1063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76001077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2023.2228414
Minh Le Tran, Ha Thi Van Nguyen, Vu Phuong Thai, Thiep Ngoc Nguyen
Abstract The widespread presence of microplastics (MPs) in water raises serious concerns on a global scale due to the negative effects on human health and ecosystems. Wastewater and sludge from preliminary plants of recycled plastic pellets are a significant continuous source of MP discharged into the environment. Wastewater and sludge samples were collected from three plastic recycling plants and analyzed for MPs (size from 0.15–5 mm). The average rate of MP emission was approximately 5.8–6.6% of the total investigations. The MP in water ranged from 14.3410 to 19.3395 g/l, of which 40% with size 2–5 mm, 32% (1–2 mm), 5% (0.5–1 mm), 14% (0.15–0.5 mm), and 9% with size less than 0.15 mm in average. MP in sludge varied from 472.2031 to 644.7620 g/kg, of which, 37% with size 2–5 mm, 24% (1–2 mm), 9% (0.5–1 mm), 12% (0.15–0.5 mm) and 18% less than 0.15 mm. In average, 2,695 particles/l and 287,600 particles/kg of MP size 0.15–5 mm was found in wastewater and sludge, which may have a potential risk to aquatic fauna and humans. Therefore, control microplastic emission from those sources will contribute significantly to reducing microplastics entering the surrounding environment.
{"title":"Potential contamination of microplastic from plastic recycling enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","authors":"Minh Le Tran, Ha Thi Van Nguyen, Vu Phuong Thai, Thiep Ngoc Nguyen","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2023.2228414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2023.2228414","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The widespread presence of microplastics (MPs) in water raises serious concerns on a global scale due to the negative effects on human health and ecosystems. Wastewater and sludge from preliminary plants of recycled plastic pellets are a significant continuous source of MP discharged into the environment. Wastewater and sludge samples were collected from three plastic recycling plants and analyzed for MPs (size from 0.15–5 mm). The average rate of MP emission was approximately 5.8–6.6% of the total investigations. The MP in water ranged from 14.3410 to 19.3395 g/l, of which 40% with size 2–5 mm, 32% (1–2 mm), 5% (0.5–1 mm), 14% (0.15–0.5 mm), and 9% with size less than 0.15 mm in average. MP in sludge varied from 472.2031 to 644.7620 g/kg, of which, 37% with size 2–5 mm, 24% (1–2 mm), 9% (0.5–1 mm), 12% (0.15–0.5 mm) and 18% less than 0.15 mm. In average, 2,695 particles/l and 287,600 particles/kg of MP size 0.15–5 mm was found in wastewater and sludge, which may have a potential risk to aquatic fauna and humans. Therefore, control microplastic emission from those sources will contribute significantly to reducing microplastics entering the surrounding environment.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"1031 - 1043"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82751749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2023.2223651
B. Prathima, G. S. Sivakumar Babu, S. Ullas, H. K. Lokesh
Abstract The present study was conducted across 28 sampling locations in an industrial zone (Peenya) of Bengaluru city to characterize the various chemical parameters of groundwater. Groundwater chemistry was evaluated using Water Quality Index (WQI) and Piper plots. The WQI results showed that around 78% of sampling points were unfit for drinking water consumption. Results of Piper plots categorized groundwater samples principally into Ca·Mg-HCO3 type (39%) and mixed Ca·Mg − Cl · SO4 type (53.5%). The study used principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis to evaluate possible sources of water pollution. The five major principal components were extracted, and it showed that the water quality in the study area was likely influenced by both natural geogenic and anthropogenic sources. Water was not typically used for drinking purposes, but was used for various industrial uses. Human health risk assessment showed that in most sampling locations (86%), values of the Hazard Index were greater than 1, which indicated that water was not suitable for drinking because of its potential to cause non-carcinogenic health effects in adults and children. Long-term monitoring of contamination in the study area revealed that the concentration of Cr(VI) still existed at concerning levels in groundwater. Thus, the current study aids in identifying risks associated with heavy metal contamination and serves as a foundation for developing a remediation plan to address environmental issues.
{"title":"Risk assessment of toxic metals and groundwater quality assessment in an industrial hotspot of Bengaluru, India – case study","authors":"B. Prathima, G. S. Sivakumar Babu, S. Ullas, H. K. Lokesh","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2023.2223651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2023.2223651","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study was conducted across 28 sampling locations in an industrial zone (Peenya) of Bengaluru city to characterize the various chemical parameters of groundwater. Groundwater chemistry was evaluated using Water Quality Index (WQI) and Piper plots. The WQI results showed that around 78% of sampling points were unfit for drinking water consumption. Results of Piper plots categorized groundwater samples principally into Ca·Mg-HCO3 type (39%) and mixed Ca·Mg − Cl · SO4 type (53.5%). The study used principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis to evaluate possible sources of water pollution. The five major principal components were extracted, and it showed that the water quality in the study area was likely influenced by both natural geogenic and anthropogenic sources. Water was not typically used for drinking purposes, but was used for various industrial uses. Human health risk assessment showed that in most sampling locations (86%), values of the Hazard Index were greater than 1, which indicated that water was not suitable for drinking because of its potential to cause non-carcinogenic health effects in adults and children. Long-term monitoring of contamination in the study area revealed that the concentration of Cr(VI) still existed at concerning levels in groundwater. Thus, the current study aids in identifying risks associated with heavy metal contamination and serves as a foundation for developing a remediation plan to address environmental issues.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"69 1","pages":"966 - 989"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88193020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2023.2225622
Qingduo Mao, Haojie Cheng, Jia-lian Shi, Lei Zhou
Abstract Adapting to the situation of one principal versus several agents, the Relative Performance Evaluation (RPE) is an effective incentive tool to motivate subordinates. The Chinese central government has adopted RPE to combat intractable air pollution, which is the Urban Air Quality Ranking (UAQR) system. This study uses a series of econometric methods including regression discontinuity design to examine its effectiveness in environmental governance. The results show that (1) since the implementation of UAQR, the overall air quality of cities has improved; (2) air quality of the bottom 3 cities in the ranking will improve in the coming month compared with their counterparts; (3) while top 3 cities in the ranking do not experience such change in air quality. Therefore, this paper argues that the activating based RPE does not stimulate effective competition, whereas competency based RPE does. UAQR with credible incentive commitment can be a useful measure to motivate local authorities to strengthen air pollution reduction. In this study, the results of the empirical analysis enrich the theoretical framework of RPE, and an innovative theoretical framework is adopted to explain the UAQR system. However, as a top-down environmental monitoring system, such ranking institution could mainly eliminate centralized discharged pollutants. A sound judicial system is the fundamental guarantee for sustainable development.
{"title":"How does environmental relative performance evaluation work? The case of China’s urban air quality ranking","authors":"Qingduo Mao, Haojie Cheng, Jia-lian Shi, Lei Zhou","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2023.2225622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2023.2225622","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Adapting to the situation of one principal versus several agents, the Relative Performance Evaluation (RPE) is an effective incentive tool to motivate subordinates. The Chinese central government has adopted RPE to combat intractable air pollution, which is the Urban Air Quality Ranking (UAQR) system. This study uses a series of econometric methods including regression discontinuity design to examine its effectiveness in environmental governance. The results show that (1) since the implementation of UAQR, the overall air quality of cities has improved; (2) air quality of the bottom 3 cities in the ranking will improve in the coming month compared with their counterparts; (3) while top 3 cities in the ranking do not experience such change in air quality. Therefore, this paper argues that the activating based RPE does not stimulate effective competition, whereas competency based RPE does. UAQR with credible incentive commitment can be a useful measure to motivate local authorities to strengthen air pollution reduction. In this study, the results of the empirical analysis enrich the theoretical framework of RPE, and an innovative theoretical framework is adopted to explain the UAQR system. However, as a top-down environmental monitoring system, such ranking institution could mainly eliminate centralized discharged pollutants. A sound judicial system is the fundamental guarantee for sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"990 - 1012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76295085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-19DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2023.2225625
T. Nguyen, T. Itayama, N. Iwami, K. Shimizu, T. Dao, T. Pham, H. Maseda
Abstract Due to its robust antibacterial activity in acidic environments and effectiveness against old fluoroquinolone-resistant bacterial strains, the use of delafloxacin (DFX) is projected to increase in the coming years. Here, we investigated the effect on the thoracic limb rate (TLR) of the water flea Simocephalus vetulus under the combined exposure of DFX (0, 100, 200, and 400 µg L−1) and calcium (Ca) (26 and 78 mg L−1) using Bayesian statistics-based linear models. The findings showed unexpected increases and decreases in the TLR of maternal S. vetulus exposed to DFX in the 26 mg Ca L−1. In the 78 mg Ca L−1 condition, we found a clearer decrease in TLR during DFX treatments. In addition, in the 26 mg Ca L−1, elusive changes in the TLR of neonatal S. vetulus whose mothers were exposed to DFX were observed, whereas the reduced TLR of the neonate, whose mother was exposed to 400 µg DFX L−1, was apparent in the higher Ca condition. While the elevated Ca content did not appear to have a clear effect on organisms’ TLR, it acted as a synergist in conjunction with DFX, leading to a reduction in TLR, the underlying mechanism of which remains poorly understood. The results of our study indicate that DFX may pose an ecological risk as a xenobiotic; therefore, taking into account the abundance of Ca in specific aquatic environments, a comprehensive ecological risk assessment should be conducted. Moreover, the inclusion of Bayesian statistics in ecotoxicological studies is highly recommended to improve data analysis and interpretation.
由于德拉沙星在酸性环境中具有强大的抗菌活性，并且对旧的氟喹诺酮耐药菌株有效，预计未来几年德拉沙星(DFX)的使用将会增加。本研究采用基于贝叶斯统计的线性模型，研究了DFX(0、100、200和400µg L−1)和Ca(26和78 mg L−1)联合暴露对水蚤Simocephalus vetulus胸肢率(TLR)的影响。结果显示，在26 mg Ca L−1的DFX环境中，母鼠的TLR出现了意想不到的上升和下降。在78 mg Ca L−1的情况下，我们发现DFX治疗期间TLR下降更明显。此外，在26 mg Ca L−1条件下，母鼠暴露于DFX的新生儿的TLR发生了难以捉摸的变化，而当母鼠暴露于400µg DFX L−1条件下，新生儿的TLR明显降低。虽然Ca含量升高似乎对生物体的TLR没有明显的影响，但它与DFX一起起协同作用，导致TLR减少，其潜在机制尚不清楚。本研究结果表明，DFX作为一种外源生物可能具有生态风险;因此，应综合考虑特定水生环境中Ca的丰度，进行综合生态风险评估。此外，强烈建议将贝叶斯统计纳入生态毒理学研究，以改善数据分析和解释。
{"title":"Thoracic limb activity of Simocephalus vetulus and its descendants is shaped by the combination of delafloxacin and calcium","authors":"T. Nguyen, T. Itayama, N. Iwami, K. Shimizu, T. Dao, T. Pham, H. Maseda","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2023.2225625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2023.2225625","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Due to its robust antibacterial activity in acidic environments and effectiveness against old fluoroquinolone-resistant bacterial strains, the use of delafloxacin (DFX) is projected to increase in the coming years. Here, we investigated the effect on the thoracic limb rate (TLR) of the water flea Simocephalus vetulus under the combined exposure of DFX (0, 100, 200, and 400 µg L−1) and calcium (Ca) (26 and 78 mg L−1) using Bayesian statistics-based linear models. The findings showed unexpected increases and decreases in the TLR of maternal S. vetulus exposed to DFX in the 26 mg Ca L−1. In the 78 mg Ca L−1 condition, we found a clearer decrease in TLR during DFX treatments. In addition, in the 26 mg Ca L−1, elusive changes in the TLR of neonatal S. vetulus whose mothers were exposed to DFX were observed, whereas the reduced TLR of the neonate, whose mother was exposed to 400 µg DFX L−1, was apparent in the higher Ca condition. While the elevated Ca content did not appear to have a clear effect on organisms’ TLR, it acted as a synergist in conjunction with DFX, leading to a reduction in TLR, the underlying mechanism of which remains poorly understood. The results of our study indicate that DFX may pose an ecological risk as a xenobiotic; therefore, taking into account the abundance of Ca in specific aquatic environments, a comprehensive ecological risk assessment should be conducted. Moreover, the inclusion of Bayesian statistics in ecotoxicological studies is highly recommended to improve data analysis and interpretation.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"1013 - 1030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82707445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-12DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2023.2218940
H. M. Yousaf, K. Bakhsh, A. Masood
Abstract The aim of the present study is to assess the prevalence and possible predictors of health hazards and their effects on health cost of pesticide applicators and non-applicators. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 580 farm households using multistage sampling technique. The pesticide applicators and non-applicators involved in cotton production were interviewers by the survey team. The prevalence of occupational hazards was higher among the pesticide applicators than non-applicators. Logit regression analysis revealed that the more educated, well trained workers were relatively less vulnerable. Similarly, personal protective measures such as wearing boots and protective handkerchief, and taking bath after pesticide application reduced probability of health risk. Prolonged exposure to pesticide, distance from hospital, and smoking habits were risk factors for development of occupational hazards among the pesticide applicators and non-applicators. The total mean score of health cost resulting from occupational hazards was significantly lower in pesticide non-applicators than pesticide applicators. Workers involved in pesticide application are at higher risk for developing occupational hazards that adversely affects general health and quality of life. The study urges policymakers to formulate programs for proper training of farm workers, encouraging the use of personal preventive measures and the provision of health facilities to farm workers. This will not only improve health of workers but also save undue expenses on medical treatment.
{"title":"Nexus of pesticide exposure, personal preventive measures and farm workers’ health safety in cotton production","authors":"H. M. Yousaf, K. Bakhsh, A. Masood","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2023.2218940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2023.2218940","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the present study is to assess the prevalence and possible predictors of health hazards and their effects on health cost of pesticide applicators and non-applicators. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 580 farm households using multistage sampling technique. The pesticide applicators and non-applicators involved in cotton production were interviewers by the survey team. The prevalence of occupational hazards was higher among the pesticide applicators than non-applicators. Logit regression analysis revealed that the more educated, well trained workers were relatively less vulnerable. Similarly, personal protective measures such as wearing boots and protective handkerchief, and taking bath after pesticide application reduced probability of health risk. Prolonged exposure to pesticide, distance from hospital, and smoking habits were risk factors for development of occupational hazards among the pesticide applicators and non-applicators. The total mean score of health cost resulting from occupational hazards was significantly lower in pesticide non-applicators than pesticide applicators. Workers involved in pesticide application are at higher risk for developing occupational hazards that adversely affects general health and quality of life. The study urges policymakers to formulate programs for proper training of farm workers, encouraging the use of personal preventive measures and the provision of health facilities to farm workers. This will not only improve health of workers but also save undue expenses on medical treatment.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"948 - 965"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82458956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-05DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2023.2218935
K. Klipsch, L. Cox, Shanna L. Clark, M. Rahim, S. Carey
Abstract Molybdenum is a bio-essential trace nutrient, and elevated urinary molybdenum has been implicated as correlating with lower testosterone levels in men. To properly address the contention that molybdenum constitutes a potential health risk factor, we reviewed statistical research findings on molybdenum exposure and somatic levels in humans in a biological plausibility context, which is an indispensable component of reliable risk factor determination. Our analysis applied advanced nonparametric statistical modeling that expands linear regressions to include more potential variables and common confounders. The analysis shows that previously published negative molybdenum-testosterone associations no longer retain statistical relevance. In place of molybdenum as a stressor responsible for lowered testosterone levels, body mass index, age, related hormone variability, and underlying global downward trends in testosterone are shown to be the factors responsible for this effect.
{"title":"Molybdenum is not a risk factor for changes in serum testosterone","authors":"K. Klipsch, L. Cox, Shanna L. Clark, M. Rahim, S. Carey","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2023.2218935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2023.2218935","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Molybdenum is a bio-essential trace nutrient, and elevated urinary molybdenum has been implicated as correlating with lower testosterone levels in men. To properly address the contention that molybdenum constitutes a potential health risk factor, we reviewed statistical research findings on molybdenum exposure and somatic levels in humans in a biological plausibility context, which is an indispensable component of reliable risk factor determination. Our analysis applied advanced nonparametric statistical modeling that expands linear regressions to include more potential variables and common confounders. The analysis shows that previously published negative molybdenum-testosterone associations no longer retain statistical relevance. In place of molybdenum as a stressor responsible for lowered testosterone levels, body mass index, age, related hormone variability, and underlying global downward trends in testosterone are shown to be the factors responsible for this effect.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"92 1","pages":"938 - 947"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79949708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2023.2210223
Rohit Kumar, J. Kaur, Mohit Rawat, Abdullah A. Alarfaj, Roberto Acevedo, M. Cascione, Valeria De Matteis, Jagpreet Singh
Abstract The issue of industrial dyes has risen to the forefront of environmental concerns, as they are now recognized as a prevalent form of industrial waste that pollutes our surroundings. As such, it is imperative that efforts be made to address their toxicity, with a view to safeguarding the environment and public health. To this end, the application of nanotechnologies presents a promising solution to the challenge of mitigating the harmful effects of industrial dyes on our environment. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) have been found to possess strong photocatalytic properties and are effective in degrading toxic dyes in polluted water and industrial effluents. In this experimental work, CuO NPs were synthesized using Citrus limon leaves extract as source of bioactive molecules to obtain stable NPs. Microscopic and spectroscopic analyses confirmed the formation of CuO NPs with size range of 20–25 nm with spherical shape. In addition, the prepared NPs utilized as photocatalyst against Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) dye, which shows remarkable potency within 180 min with degradation efficiency ∼90%. Thus, CuO NPs can be used as sustainable, cost-effective and efficient alternative for the removal of toxic industrial effluents from water bodies.
工业染料的问题已经上升到环境问题的前沿，因为它们现在被认为是一种普遍的工业废物，污染我们的环境。因此，必须努力解决其毒性问题，以保护环境和公众健康。为此，纳米技术的应用为减轻工业染料对环境的有害影响提供了一个有希望的解决方案。氧化铜纳米颗粒(CuO NPs)具有较强的光催化性能，可有效降解废水和工业废水中的有毒染料。本实验以柑橘柠檬叶提取物为生物活性分子来源，合成CuO NPs，获得稳定的NPs。显微镜和光谱分析证实形成了尺寸在20 ~ 25 nm之间的球形CuO纳米颗粒。此外，所制备的NPs作为光催化剂对Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR)染料的降解效果显著，在180 min内降解效率达到90%。因此，废液可以作为可持续的、成本效益高的和高效的替代方案，用于从水体中去除有毒工业废水。
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Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2023.2195005
F. Glover, D. Barr, Jasmin A. Eatman, W. Muncey, F. del Giudice, F. Belladelli, N. Seranio, M. Eisenberg
ABSTRACT Glyphosate is one of the most commonly used herbicide globally. It is considered an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) that can affect the production and function of various hormones including testosterone. Testosterone is an important sex hormone in men that governs sexual development, function, metabolism, and reproduction. Glyphosate has been associated with testosterone impairment in a number of experimental studies; however, the association between glyphosate exposure and testosterone among U.S. adult men in the general population is currently unknown. Data was leveraged from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which is an annually conducted, population-based cross-sectional study. Urinary levels of glyphosate were quantified as measures of exposure. Total testosterone was quantified from the serum of adult men ages 18+, and a serum value of <300 ng/dL was used to define low testosterone. Chi-square, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multivariable, weighted linear and logistic regression analyses were used to compare sociodemographic and biological characteristics between quartiles of glyphosate exposure, identify risk factors for glyphosate exposure and low testosterone, and to analyze the relationship between glyphosate and testosterone. A total of 441 adults were included in final analyses, representing 18,345,154 individuals after survey weighting. The geometric mean of glyphosate was 0.58 ng/mL (IQR: 0.26–0.66). Race/ethnicity was significantly associated with glyphosate exposure, where white men had higher mean glyphosate exposure compared to black men (β = 0.11, p = .04). Analysis of total glyphosate modeled as a continuous variable was not significantly associated with testosterone (β = 10.93, p = .75). Similarly, no significant associations were observed when categorizing urinary glyphosate into quartiles when evaluating continuous testosterone (β = 3.46 p = .85, β = −6.74 p = .78, β = 10.22 p = .75 for quartiles 2–4, respectively), and categorical testosterone (i.e. normal/low) (OR = 2.29 95% CI [0.61,8.58], OR = 0.88 95% CI [0.18,4.08], OR = 1.14 95% CI [0.39,3.30]) for quartiles 2–4, respectively. We present the first evaluation of population-based urinary glyphosate levels on testosterone among U.S. adult men. We observed no significant associations between glyphosate and testosterone levels. Future studies are warranted to corroborate these findings, and to test these associations in prospective studies and within populations exposed to high levels of glyphosate.
草甘膦是全球最常用的除草剂之一。它被认为是一种内分泌干扰化学物质(EDC)，可以影响包括睾酮在内的各种激素的产生和功能。睾酮是男性中一种重要的性激素，控制着性发育、功能、新陈代谢和生殖。在许多实验研究中，草甘膦与睾丸激素损伤有关;然而，在普通美国成年男性中，草甘膦暴露与睾酮之间的关系目前尚不清楚。数据来自国家健康和营养检查调查(NHANES)，这是一项每年进行的、以人群为基础的横断面研究。尿中草甘膦水平被量化作为暴露的测量。从18岁以上成年男性的血清中定量测定总睾酮，血清值<300 ng/dL为睾酮水平低。采用卡方、方差分析(ANOVA)、多变量、加权线性和逻辑回归分析比较草甘膦暴露四分位数之间的社会人口学和生物学特征，确定草甘膦暴露和低睾酮的危险因素，并分析草甘膦和睾酮之间的关系。在调查加权后，共有441名成年人被纳入最终分析，代表18,345,154人。草甘膦的几何平均值为0.58 ng/mL (IQR: 0.26 ~ 0.66)。种族/民族与草甘膦暴露显著相关，白人男性草甘膦暴露的平均水平高于黑人男性(β = 0.11, p = 0.04)。将草甘膦总量建模为连续变量的分析与睾酮无显著相关性(β = 10.93, p = 0.75)。同样，当评估持续睾酮时，将尿草甘膦分类为四分位数时，没有观察到显著的关联(β = 3.46 p =。85， β = - 6.74 p =。78、β = 10.222-4四分位数分别为75)和分类睾酮(即正常/低)(OR = 2.29 95% CI [0.61,8.58]， OR = 0.88 95% CI [0.18,4.08]， OR = 1.14 95% CI[0.39,3.30])。我们首次对美国成年男性基于人群的尿中草甘膦水平对睾酮的影响进行了评估。我们没有观察到草甘膦和睾酮水平之间的显著关联。未来的研究有必要证实这些发现，并在前瞻性研究和暴露于高水平草甘膦的人群中测试这些关联。
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