Pub Date : 2022-10-13DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2132465
Li-Te Chang, Chia-Jui Mai, Show-Yi Yang, T. Chang
Abstract This study aimed to determine the volatile organic compound (VOC) exposure levels and evaluate the risk perception among integrated circuit assembly and testing workers in Taiwan. Five representative companies were selected as the study population to measure the VOC levels of benzene, toluene, ethanol, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol using 50 stainless steel canisters in 2013. A gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector was used to analyze the VOC levels, and multiple logistic regression models were used to identify relative factors of risk perception among 210 volunteers using a self-administered questionnaire. Ethanol (median: 465.1 ppbv; range: 64.8–1744.3 ppbv) had the highest concentration compared with isopropyl alcohol (291.6 [171.8–411.4] ppbv), acetone (176.3 [106.8–528.4] ppbv), toluene (171.6 [130.2–240.1] ppbv), and benzene (all below the limit of detection of 6.95 ppbv). Subjects exposed to the total of five VOCs ≥406.5 ppbv had a significantly higher risk perception of health hazards caused by hazardous gas exposure (AOR = 4.17, 95% CI = 1.17–14.93) compared with those exposed to <278.1 ppbv. A significant exposure–response association was identified in the total levels of the five VOCs and risk perception (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.07–3.85). Workers exposed to higher levels of the total of five VOCs may have higher risk perceptions.
{"title":"Exposure to volatile organic compounds and risk perception among workers: An industry-based cross-sectional survey","authors":"Li-Te Chang, Chia-Jui Mai, Show-Yi Yang, T. Chang","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2132465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2132465","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to determine the volatile organic compound (VOC) exposure levels and evaluate the risk perception among integrated circuit assembly and testing workers in Taiwan. Five representative companies were selected as the study population to measure the VOC levels of benzene, toluene, ethanol, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol using 50 stainless steel canisters in 2013. A gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector was used to analyze the VOC levels, and multiple logistic regression models were used to identify relative factors of risk perception among 210 volunteers using a self-administered questionnaire. Ethanol (median: 465.1 ppbv; range: 64.8–1744.3 ppbv) had the highest concentration compared with isopropyl alcohol (291.6 [171.8–411.4] ppbv), acetone (176.3 [106.8–528.4] ppbv), toluene (171.6 [130.2–240.1] ppbv), and benzene (all below the limit of detection of 6.95 ppbv). Subjects exposed to the total of five VOCs ≥406.5 ppbv had a significantly higher risk perception of health hazards caused by hazardous gas exposure (AOR = 4.17, 95% CI = 1.17–14.93) compared with those exposed to <278.1 ppbv. A significant exposure–response association was identified in the total levels of the five VOCs and risk perception (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.07–3.85). Workers exposed to higher levels of the total of five VOCs may have higher risk perceptions.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"109 3 1","pages":"1105 - 1123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79467010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-23DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2113733
K. Alharbi, Fehmi Gamaoun, Indrajit Patra, T. C. A. Kumar, Adnan Kareem Gahar, R. Sivaraman, A. Galal
Abstract In this study, Nano AA1100/SiC composites have been fabricated via accumulative press bonding (APB) on the AA1100/SiC composited which have been stir casted. Then, the effect of silicon carbide particles on the mechanical properties, wear resistance and microstructural evolution of these composites have been investigated. To study the effect of Nano SiC Wt.% and as its novelty, all the stir casted samples went under cumulative press bonding process after four cycles to guarantee a uniform distribution of reinforcement particles through the aluminum matrix. The experimental results showed that the strength of these composites were enhanced and the elongation of samples decreased by higher SiC Wt.% contents. Also, there is a significant growing in wear resistance by increasing of SiC content into the Al matrix through stir casting process.
{"title":"Mechanical properties and wear resistance of nano Al/SiC composites fabricated via APB","authors":"K. Alharbi, Fehmi Gamaoun, Indrajit Patra, T. C. A. Kumar, Adnan Kareem Gahar, R. Sivaraman, A. Galal","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2113733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2113733","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, Nano AA1100/SiC composites have been fabricated via accumulative press bonding (APB) on the AA1100/SiC composited which have been stir casted. Then, the effect of silicon carbide particles on the mechanical properties, wear resistance and microstructural evolution of these composites have been investigated. To study the effect of Nano SiC Wt.% and as its novelty, all the stir casted samples went under cumulative press bonding process after four cycles to guarantee a uniform distribution of reinforcement particles through the aluminum matrix. The experimental results showed that the strength of these composites were enhanced and the elongation of samples decreased by higher SiC Wt.% contents. Also, there is a significant growing in wear resistance by increasing of SiC content into the Al matrix through stir casting process.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"463 - 470"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84980747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2124400
Fan Li, Jianhua Wu, Fei Xu, Yongqiang Yang, Q. Du
Abstract Groundwater pollution is a serious issue in arid and semi-arid regions. In this study, the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and geographically weighted regression (GWR) model were used to assess the relationship between hydrochemical parameters (NO3-N, NO2-N, NH4-N, and F-) and explanatory variables related to anthropogenic and natural factors, including elevation, slope, population density, groundwater electrical conductivity, groundwater pH, and land use in the Weinan region of China. The results showed that NO3-N, NH4-N, and F- at 24, 4, and 54% of the samples exceeded the standard limits, respectively. Crop fields, grassland, and forest are the most common land use types in the study area, accounting for 62.84, 16.77, and 8.76%, respectively. The effects of explanatory variables on groundwater quality show strong spatial variation. Both positive and negative correlations were observed between groundwater nitrogen (NO2-N, NO3-N) and orchard, and between F- and crop field. The water area has significant impacts on NH4-N in Pucheng, Fuping and Linwei districts. The GWR model also suggested significant effects of water and orchard areas on groundwater NO2-N concentration in western Fuping County and eastern Dali County, which was neglected by the OLS model. The research shows advantages of the GWR model in capturing local variation.
{"title":"Determination of the spatial correlation characteristics for selected groundwater pollutants using the geographically weighted regression model: A case study in Weinan, Northwest China","authors":"Fan Li, Jianhua Wu, Fei Xu, Yongqiang Yang, Q. Du","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2124400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2124400","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Groundwater pollution is a serious issue in arid and semi-arid regions. In this study, the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and geographically weighted regression (GWR) model were used to assess the relationship between hydrochemical parameters (NO3-N, NO2-N, NH4-N, and F-) and explanatory variables related to anthropogenic and natural factors, including elevation, slope, population density, groundwater electrical conductivity, groundwater pH, and land use in the Weinan region of China. The results showed that NO3-N, NH4-N, and F- at 24, 4, and 54% of the samples exceeded the standard limits, respectively. Crop fields, grassland, and forest are the most common land use types in the study area, accounting for 62.84, 16.77, and 8.76%, respectively. The effects of explanatory variables on groundwater quality show strong spatial variation. Both positive and negative correlations were observed between groundwater nitrogen (NO2-N, NO3-N) and orchard, and between F- and crop field. The water area has significant impacts on NH4-N in Pucheng, Fuping and Linwei districts. The GWR model also suggested significant effects of water and orchard areas on groundwater NO2-N concentration in western Fuping County and eastern Dali County, which was neglected by the OLS model. The research shows advantages of the GWR model in capturing local variation.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"471 - 493"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78844041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-13DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2120846
Rashid Iqbal, Muhammad Tahir Khan, H. Bilal, Muhammad Mahran Aslam, I. Khan, S. Raja, M. Arslan, P. M. Nguyen
Abstract Microplastics (MPs) have recently been recognized as potential pollutants and carriers for pathogens in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. They can carry microbial pathogens, hydrophobic organic compounds, persistent organic pollutants, and heavy metals on the surface of these particles leading to unwanted effects on living organisms. Their harmful effects on aquatic and terrestrial organisms have been well established. This includes damage to cell membranes, tissues, and physiological processes. Further, being highly persistent in natural ecosystems, they can amass in various environments over long periods of time. Their accumulation of MPs substantially depends on plastic usage and its management policies around the world; therefore, a closer look at the potential hazards and build-up of MPs is timely. Also, it is crucial to understand the significance of currently established methods on their removal from the ecosystem including activated sludge treatment, coagulation and flocculation, and removal via membrane bioreactors. Among them, constructed wetlands are considered an environmentally friendly technology with ease in operation and low cost that could efficiently remove MPs from wastewater. This article specifically compiles existing literature on the current understanding of MPs in the environment, their role as environmental carriers, interactions in natural ecosystems, the recent developments in their research, and the way forward.
{"title":"Microplastics as vectors of environmental contaminants: Interactions in the natural ecosystems","authors":"Rashid Iqbal, Muhammad Tahir Khan, H. Bilal, Muhammad Mahran Aslam, I. Khan, S. Raja, M. Arslan, P. M. Nguyen","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2120846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2120846","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Microplastics (MPs) have recently been recognized as potential pollutants and carriers for pathogens in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. They can carry microbial pathogens, hydrophobic organic compounds, persistent organic pollutants, and heavy metals on the surface of these particles leading to unwanted effects on living organisms. Their harmful effects on aquatic and terrestrial organisms have been well established. This includes damage to cell membranes, tissues, and physiological processes. Further, being highly persistent in natural ecosystems, they can amass in various environments over long periods of time. Their accumulation of MPs substantially depends on plastic usage and its management policies around the world; therefore, a closer look at the potential hazards and build-up of MPs is timely. Also, it is crucial to understand the significance of currently established methods on their removal from the ecosystem including activated sludge treatment, coagulation and flocculation, and removal via membrane bioreactors. Among them, constructed wetlands are considered an environmentally friendly technology with ease in operation and low cost that could efficiently remove MPs from wastewater. This article specifically compiles existing literature on the current understanding of MPs in the environment, their role as environmental carriers, interactions in natural ecosystems, the recent developments in their research, and the way forward.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"1022 - 1042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89835359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-12DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2120848
S. Din, B. Hussain, S. Raja, Urooj Khaqan, S. Haq, M. Waris
Abstract Arsenic contamination in Pakistan has never been considered a serious problem. The present study therefore is based on a more detailed screening of arsenic in groundwater samples of Hyderabad and Lahore in addition to Muzaffarabad where no sufficient data on arsenic screening has been reported until now. A total of 160 samples were collected from various sites of Hyderabad, Lahore and Muzaffarabad and analyzed for arsenic by using hydride generation system. The order of percentage of samples having arsenic concentration greater than the WHO limit (>10 µg L−1) in the three cities was as follows: Lahore > Hyderabad > Muzaffarabad with Lahore city having arsenic concentration even greater than 50 µg L−1 in water samples of Nishtar colony, Dograiy Kallan and Yuhanabad. The mean average daily dose (ADD), hazard quotient (HQ) and carcinogenic risk (CR) values for Lahore, Hyderabad and Muzaffarabad were also found in the order Lahore > Hyderabad > Muzaffarabad. The health risk for children calculated in this investigation was found to be more than the adults. In current study, the physical parameters such as pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC) and chemical parameters like Mg+2, Ca+2, CO2, HCO3 −1, and CO3 −2 were also investigated. The current investigation shows the city of Lahore to be the most effected by arsenic contamination followed by Hyderabad whereas Muzaffarabad is the least effected.
{"title":"Arsenic profiling of groundwater in river cities of Lahore, Hyderabad and Muzaffarabad in Pakistan","authors":"S. Din, B. Hussain, S. Raja, Urooj Khaqan, S. Haq, M. Waris","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2120848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2120848","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Arsenic contamination in Pakistan has never been considered a serious problem. The present study therefore is based on a more detailed screening of arsenic in groundwater samples of Hyderabad and Lahore in addition to Muzaffarabad where no sufficient data on arsenic screening has been reported until now. A total of 160 samples were collected from various sites of Hyderabad, Lahore and Muzaffarabad and analyzed for arsenic by using hydride generation system. The order of percentage of samples having arsenic concentration greater than the WHO limit (>10 µg L−1) in the three cities was as follows: Lahore > Hyderabad > Muzaffarabad with Lahore city having arsenic concentration even greater than 50 µg L−1 in water samples of Nishtar colony, Dograiy Kallan and Yuhanabad. The mean average daily dose (ADD), hazard quotient (HQ) and carcinogenic risk (CR) values for Lahore, Hyderabad and Muzaffarabad were also found in the order Lahore > Hyderabad > Muzaffarabad. The health risk for children calculated in this investigation was found to be more than the adults. In current study, the physical parameters such as pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC) and chemical parameters like Mg+2, Ca+2, CO2, HCO3 −1, and CO3 −2 were also investigated. The current investigation shows the city of Lahore to be the most effected by arsenic contamination followed by Hyderabad whereas Muzaffarabad is the least effected.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"1043 - 1064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80111237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The operation of a reservoir may change natural hydrological processes, thus affecting the habitat of aquatic organisms. However, the risks posed by reservoirs on aquatic organisms remain to be fully evaluated. In this study, a risk assessment model was established to assess the ecological risk of reservoir flow regulation based on the consequences of deviating from the environmental flow range of an aquatic habitat. We applied this model to the Three Gorges Reservoir by obtaining the risk time series of different aquatic habitats in the Yangtze River before and after the construction of the reservoir. The risk analysis results showed that when habitat discharge is above or below the appropriate range of environmental flows, the ecological risk increases. The Chinese sturgeon, four major Chinese carp species, and finless porpoise habitats were identified to be at low-flow risk, low-flow risk, and high-flow risk, respectively. We suggest that the habitat flows of Chinese sturgeon, four major Chinese carp species, and finless porpoise during the spawning period should not be less than 6,850, 7,000, and 13,500 m3/s, respectively. The results of this study could help river managers optimize reservoir operations to minimize risks and maximize ecological benefits.
{"title":"Ecological risk assessment on the habitats of typical aquatic species in the middle reach of the Yangtze River: Implication for three gorges reservoir operation","authors":"Chenguang Xiang, Wei Huang, Huaidong Zhou, Zhuowei Wang, Lianqing Xue, Jing Wang, Yurong Wang","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2120849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2120849","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The operation of a reservoir may change natural hydrological processes, thus affecting the habitat of aquatic organisms. However, the risks posed by reservoirs on aquatic organisms remain to be fully evaluated. In this study, a risk assessment model was established to assess the ecological risk of reservoir flow regulation based on the consequences of deviating from the environmental flow range of an aquatic habitat. We applied this model to the Three Gorges Reservoir by obtaining the risk time series of different aquatic habitats in the Yangtze River before and after the construction of the reservoir. The risk analysis results showed that when habitat discharge is above or below the appropriate range of environmental flows, the ecological risk increases. The Chinese sturgeon, four major Chinese carp species, and finless porpoise habitats were identified to be at low-flow risk, low-flow risk, and high-flow risk, respectively. We suggest that the habitat flows of Chinese sturgeon, four major Chinese carp species, and finless porpoise during the spawning period should not be less than 6,850, 7,000, and 13,500 m3/s, respectively. The results of this study could help river managers optimize reservoir operations to minimize risks and maximize ecological benefits.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"1065 - 1082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83905173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2117683
M. Danaei, A. Haghdoost, M. Momeni
Abstract Managing cancer clusters is a challenging subject. Designing the scientific approach in Iran in the field of cancer cluster management according to the scientific international guidelines was the first aim of this study. One reported cancer cluster was investigated according to the created road map. This project was conducted in Kerman, Iran, from 2018 to 2022. This study has two steps including creating a national scientific cancer cluster management roadmap and investigating one reported cancer cluster. The Persian national roadmap was prepared based on the CDC guideline. The four-stage approach was used including gathering information, confirming the occurrence of a cluster, evaluating the feasibility of an epidemiological assessment, and conducting an investigation. Guideline details were completed according to the other national guidelines and methodology articles. A reported cancer cluster in the Siyahkooh district, Orzuiyeh County, Kerman province was assessed. It was terminated because there was not enough evidence about water supplies contamination with heavy metals. Epidemiological studies are very important in the cancer cluster management, but sometimes these studies could not establish the possible causal relationships. Translating the results to the public health language and conducting good communication with public health is a critical phase in the cancer cluster management.
{"title":"Creating the Iranian cancer cluster assessment road map and assessing one reported cancer cluster","authors":"M. Danaei, A. Haghdoost, M. Momeni","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2117683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2117683","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Managing cancer clusters is a challenging subject. Designing the scientific approach in Iran in the field of cancer cluster management according to the scientific international guidelines was the first aim of this study. One reported cancer cluster was investigated according to the created road map. This project was conducted in Kerman, Iran, from 2018 to 2022. This study has two steps including creating a national scientific cancer cluster management roadmap and investigating one reported cancer cluster. The Persian national roadmap was prepared based on the CDC guideline. The four-stage approach was used including gathering information, confirming the occurrence of a cluster, evaluating the feasibility of an epidemiological assessment, and conducting an investigation. Guideline details were completed according to the other national guidelines and methodology articles. A reported cancer cluster in the Siyahkooh district, Orzuiyeh County, Kerman province was assessed. It was terminated because there was not enough evidence about water supplies contamination with heavy metals. Epidemiological studies are very important in the cancer cluster management, but sometimes these studies could not establish the possible causal relationships. Translating the results to the public health language and conducting good communication with public health is a critical phase in the cancer cluster management.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"1012 - 1021"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76534769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2113734
Karanveer, R. Bala, D. Das
Abstract Sporadic rainfall and limited surface water sources have increased dependency on groundwater in semi-arid region of Punjab. The present paper is comprehensive study carried out in an intensive agricultural region of southwest Punjab to examine the quality and extent of contamination due to trace elements and nitrate in the aquifer system. Total 15 toxic elements are analyzed in groundwater samples (N = 129) covering both the shallow (<60 m) and deeper aquifers (>60 m). Elements such as As, B, Cd, Li, Mn, Pb, Sr, and Se exceed the prescribed limits. Overall, 68 and 13% of samples exceed the NO3 − permissible limit (45 ppm) in shallow and deep aquifers, respectively. Contaminants concentration increases toward groundwater flow direction, that is, from northeast to southwest possibly due to arid climatic conditions. Relatively, shallow aquifer is more contaminated than deeper aquifer due to fertilizers input and irrigation return flow. Drinking water quality indices (DWQI) reveal that groundwater is unfit for drinking at most locations. Further, health risk indicate that comparatively, children are at higher risk in terms of non-carcinogenic risk posed by nitrate, and higher carcinogenic risk for As, Cr, and Cd is seen in all age groups. Multivariate analysis reveals the influence of anthropogenic activities on NO3 −, Mn, Ni, and Zn levels, while geogenic factors control the, As and Mo concentrations. Present findings suggest regular monitoring of wells to lower the public health risk.
{"title":"Geochemical and health risk assessment of potentially toxic trace elements and nitrate via groundwater in agro-ecosystem of alluvial plain Punjab, India","authors":"Karanveer, R. Bala, D. Das","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2113734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2113734","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sporadic rainfall and limited surface water sources have increased dependency on groundwater in semi-arid region of Punjab. The present paper is comprehensive study carried out in an intensive agricultural region of southwest Punjab to examine the quality and extent of contamination due to trace elements and nitrate in the aquifer system. Total 15 toxic elements are analyzed in groundwater samples (N = 129) covering both the shallow (<60 m) and deeper aquifers (>60 m). Elements such as As, B, Cd, Li, Mn, Pb, Sr, and Se exceed the prescribed limits. Overall, 68 and 13% of samples exceed the NO3 − permissible limit (45 ppm) in shallow and deep aquifers, respectively. Contaminants concentration increases toward groundwater flow direction, that is, from northeast to southwest possibly due to arid climatic conditions. Relatively, shallow aquifer is more contaminated than deeper aquifer due to fertilizers input and irrigation return flow. Drinking water quality indices (DWQI) reveal that groundwater is unfit for drinking at most locations. Further, health risk indicate that comparatively, children are at higher risk in terms of non-carcinogenic risk posed by nitrate, and higher carcinogenic risk for As, Cr, and Cd is seen in all age groups. Multivariate analysis reveals the influence of anthropogenic activities on NO3 −, Mn, Ni, and Zn levels, while geogenic factors control the, As and Mo concentrations. Present findings suggest regular monitoring of wells to lower the public health risk.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"983 - 1011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89462605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-24DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2112504
Jiho Lee, Eunyoung Park, Min-Yeong Jung, Seohyun Kim, Yongho Shin, JiWoo Kim, Jeong-Han Kim
Abstract In the present study, dermal and inhalation exposure of agricultural workers to insecticide, flubendiamide were determined during pesticide mixing/loading, and hand-held sprayer application in Kimchi cabbage fields, and the potential health risk was assessed. Dermal exposure amount during mixing/loading was 0.8 mg, whereas there was no inhalation exposure (0.0 µg) during similar procedures. Among several different body parts, the hands were the most prominent exposure area (84.5%), followed by the chest and stomach (10.1%). The protective role of PPE (personal protective equipment) during application was determined by comparative experiments with- and without-PPE. The dermal and inhalation exposure with PPE was 3.7 mg and 12.0 µg, respectively. The Forearms (29.6%) and pelvis (18.7%) showed the highest pesticide exposure, followed by the chest and stomach (18.4%). However, the exposure amount of without-PPE was 47.7 mg, and 22.9 µg, respectively, where shins were the most prominent exposure area (83.0%). For the risk assessment of the mixing/loading and application, the AOEL (acceptable operator exposure level) of flubendiamide was used as the reference dose to calculate that the RI (risk index) was much lower than 1 (mixing/loading:0.0, application with PPE:0.2), indicating that agricultural workers are at low risk of exposure to flubendiamide. On the other hand, in the case of an application without PPE, RI is higher than 1 (9.8), suggesting that it can be at risk.
{"title":"Potential exposure to flubendiamide and risk assessment in Kimchi cabbage field, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea: the protective role of PPE (personal protective equipment)","authors":"Jiho Lee, Eunyoung Park, Min-Yeong Jung, Seohyun Kim, Yongho Shin, JiWoo Kim, Jeong-Han Kim","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2112504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2112504","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the present study, dermal and inhalation exposure of agricultural workers to insecticide, flubendiamide were determined during pesticide mixing/loading, and hand-held sprayer application in Kimchi cabbage fields, and the potential health risk was assessed. Dermal exposure amount during mixing/loading was 0.8 mg, whereas there was no inhalation exposure (0.0 µg) during similar procedures. Among several different body parts, the hands were the most prominent exposure area (84.5%), followed by the chest and stomach (10.1%). The protective role of PPE (personal protective equipment) during application was determined by comparative experiments with- and without-PPE. The dermal and inhalation exposure with PPE was 3.7 mg and 12.0 µg, respectively. The Forearms (29.6%) and pelvis (18.7%) showed the highest pesticide exposure, followed by the chest and stomach (18.4%). However, the exposure amount of without-PPE was 47.7 mg, and 22.9 µg, respectively, where shins were the most prominent exposure area (83.0%). For the risk assessment of the mixing/loading and application, the AOEL (acceptable operator exposure level) of flubendiamide was used as the reference dose to calculate that the RI (risk index) was much lower than 1 (mixing/loading:0.0, application with PPE:0.2), indicating that agricultural workers are at low risk of exposure to flubendiamide. On the other hand, in the case of an application without PPE, RI is higher than 1 (9.8), suggesting that it can be at risk.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"945 - 957"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76000416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-21DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2112505
Su‐Jung Nam
Abstract This study examined consumers’ food consumption behavior related to COVID-19 infection prevention based on the risk perception attitude framework. It applied the risk perception attitude framework to classify consumers into four types based on K-cluster analysis. Further, it used data from the Consumer Behavior Survey for Food 2021 to examine the main and interaction effects of perceived risk and self-efficacy on food consumption behavior related to COVID-19 infection prevention. The results demonstrated that the main effect of self-efficacy significantly affected online purchase, eat-at-home, delivery service, and takeout service, but the main effect of perceived risk was statistically significant only for online purchases and eat-at-home. Further, the interaction effect between perceived risk and self-efficacy was statistically significant for delivery service and take-out services.
{"title":"Food consumption behavior in a health crisis: Application of the risk perception attitude framework during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Su‐Jung Nam","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2022.2112505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2022.2112505","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study examined consumers’ food consumption behavior related to COVID-19 infection prevention based on the risk perception attitude framework. It applied the risk perception attitude framework to classify consumers into four types based on K-cluster analysis. Further, it used data from the Consumer Behavior Survey for Food 2021 to examine the main and interaction effects of perceived risk and self-efficacy on food consumption behavior related to COVID-19 infection prevention. The results demonstrated that the main effect of self-efficacy significantly affected online purchase, eat-at-home, delivery service, and takeout service, but the main effect of perceived risk was statistically significant only for online purchases and eat-at-home. Further, the interaction effect between perceived risk and self-efficacy was statistically significant for delivery service and take-out services.","PeriodicalId":13141,"journal":{"name":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"930 - 943"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90947828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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